Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
  • H01J49/02—Details
  • H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
  • H01J49/0422—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for gaseous samples
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
  • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
  • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
  • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
  • G01N1/2252—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a vehicle exhaust
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
  • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
  • G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
  • G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
  • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
  • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
  • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
  • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
  • G01N33/2817—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids using a test engine
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
  • H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a multi-oil emission meter for hydrocarbon emissions, as emanating in particular from engines.
• the multiple oil emission measuring device comprises an exhaust gas probe for taking a sample amount, a measuring ⁇ channel with a transfer capillary, an ion source and a measuring device that performs as a broadband measuring device a global measurement across a mass spectrum.
• a first measuring principle is based on chemi-luminescence or UV fluorescence for the analysis of oil combustion residues and / or tracer substances. Using this principle, the oil consumption can only be measured reliably if the oil components are converted to Ver ⁇ brennungs Wegschreibn completely, for example in the form of sulfur dioxide SO2. Basically, depending on the mixture formation parameters, sufficient oxygen or thermal energy is not reliably available in the combustion exhaust gas for this purpose. Thus, to guarantee ⁇ performance of a complete combustion therefore an additional oxidation furnace is provided. Combustion requires an operating pressure that must not deviate too much from the ambient pressure.
• Another measuring principle is based on radioactivity.
• the handling of radioactive sources requires special care and is therefore expensive.
• the Mes ⁇ s tile is influenced by the filter characteristics or the ability of the condensate trap, to form a corresponding Kon ⁇ condensate. It has also been shown that oil drops lack of thermal energy, such as occur in particular in overrun operation of the engine, do not arrive at the collection, but already deposit in advance on line walls. This results in a falsification of the measurement result to low values.
• a further measuring principle is known from DE 10 2004 001 514, in which unburned constituents of the lubricating oil are supplied to a high-volume mass filter designed as an electric multipole and subsequently subjected to mass spectrometry.
• the measuring device itself has a high dynamic and so far meets the requirements Anfor ⁇ .
• their performance with respect to the detection of oil emissions in droplet form is unsatisfactory.
• the object of the invention is to create an improved measuring device which, while maintaining a high degree of dynamics, enables operating point-robust detection of oil emissions, both vaporous and droplet-shaped.
• a filter device with a measuring device preferably has an adjusting device for determining a passage region of a measured lubricating oil fraction, and in which the measuring device is a broadband measuring device, which preferably performs a global measurement of the concentration of the molecules in one step via the passage area, is provided according to the invention that the transfer capillary has at its tip a droplet catching device, which has a short throttle section and a downstream at least ten times longer transfer section and the measuring device is connected to an analysis device, wherein the analysis device comprises a classifier for vaporous oil components and droplet-shaped oil components.
• the invention is based on the idea of using the classifier to make a quantifying distinction between vaporous and droplet-shaped oil emissions.
• this classifier By means of this classifier, it is possible to perform a Un ⁇ terscheidung terms of steam or Tröpfchenölemis- emissions. With this information about the origin of oil emissions can be met, thus unnecessary ger oil consumption detected and appropriate measures to the ⁇ sen reduction can be initiated.
• the classification in terms vaporous or droplet-shaped emissions would be worthless if droplet-like TERMS ⁇ tions are not covered sufficiently certain. Therefore, the invention provides for a combination with a specially before workedbil ⁇ Deten exhaust gas probe which is be ⁇ Sonders suitable due to their design for detecting (also) of oil droplet-shaped emissions.
• the determination device Since owing to the good detection even of droplet-shaped oil emissions, it is irrelevant for the subsequent determination whether the oil emissions are from the vapor or as an aerosol in the form of droplets, the determination device according to the invention is also robust Operating point fluctuations with the associated shift between vapor and droplet ⁇ lemissio- nen, depending on the thermal energy. By combining these measures, the invention thus provides a dynamic, accurate and, thanks to the reliable detection of droplet emissions, also operating point-robust determination of the oil emissions.
• a calibrator for the classifier is expediently provided, wherein the calibrator has a first memory for reference data of vaporous oil constituents and a second memory for reference data of drop-shaped oil constituents.
• the classifier can be easily and accurately adapted to the spectra of the oil emission components to be analyzed.
• By ent ⁇ speaking data can be stored in the first and second memory, can easily be done in this way an adaptation to other engines or other types of oil.
• the calibrator is preferably assigned a matched filter.
• the matched filter is designed for the detection of vaporous Ol Anlagen too or droplet-shaped Ol Anlagen too.
• the type of lubricating oil emission can be better determined.
• the matched filter can make use of insights for weighting different fields / subfields. For example, if a high proportion of low-volatility lubricating oil components correlates with a rather moderate level of volatile lubricating oil components, this indicates a loss of oil Scraping or spinning. Conversely, the predominance of volatile lubricating oil components over low volatility lubricating oil components indicates emission due to evaporation. Sun can be made by a correlation of the shares of volatile oil components with volatile and semi-volatile oil constituents a statement about the type of Entstehungsmecha ⁇ mechanism. The matched filter makes this possible in a reliable and automated way.
• a second measuring channel is arranged on the exhaust gas probe ⁇ , which is connected to a determination device for burned hydrocarbons.
• a Totali ⁇ sator is for this purpose provided that determines a value for a total emission from the values of the measuring device to the analysis means on the one hand as the other hand, from the values of the determining means.
• a vacuum pump is provided for the transfer channel. It is preferably such represents that a flow rate of Minim ⁇ least 100 m / s, preferably is produced between 130-200 m / s, at the top of the droplet catching device. This high speed ensures reliable detection of droplet emissions. This applies operating point independent, and in particular also at low-energy thrust operating points, which sometimes led to significant distortions in measuring principles according to the prior art.
• FIG. 1 shows an overview representation of a device according to an embodiment of the invention
• FIG. a detailed representation of an exhaust gas probe with a measuring channel according to the principalsbei ⁇ game
• the 4 a, b is a comparison diagram for an exhaust gas probe according to the prior art.
• a determining device according to the invention is shown.
• the determination device is used to determine oil emissions. more generally, for the determination of unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from an internal combustion engine.
• HC unburned hydrocarbon
• it is an internal combustion engine 9 according to the reciprocating piston principle, however, the embodiment of the invention He ⁇ is not limited thereto.
• the motor 9 includes min ⁇ least one cylinder 90 in which a piston 94 is movably guided up and down.
• the fresh gas 92 leads conces- through a valve and out of the 'tubular exhaust gas in an exhaust gas 92', via a valve 92 'is discharged.
• the piston 94 is connected via a Pleu ⁇ elstange 95 with a crank pin 96 of a crankshaft 97.
• an angle sensor 98 is arranged, which outputs a measurement signal for crankshaft position and - speed.
• the internal combustion engine 9 is of conventional design per se, so that verzich a detailed description can be ⁇ tet. As a special feature, it has at the exhaust pipe 92 '' an exhaust probe 1, to which a transfer capillary 2 is connected and which is connected to a filter device 3 and a measuring device 4. In an alternative, not shown embodiment, the exhaust probe 1 passes through the wall of the cylinder head , It has a narrowed diameter to the cylinder head, which widened in several stages away from the cylinder head. At an area of wide diameter, an inlet of the transfer capillary 2 is connected. The transfer capillary 2 has at its front tip 21, with which it is connected to the exhaust pipe 92 '', a droplet catcher 22.
• This consists of a directly arranged in the mouth throttle section 23, which has obliquely at an angle of about 45 ° counter to the flow direction projecting baffles 24.
• the managing ⁇ plates 24 are suitably shaped to the inner shape of the Transferka ⁇ pillare 2, that is, they have a total of approximately the shape of a truncated cone shell ⁇ at a circular transfer line 2.
• Typical values for the diameter of the transfer capillary 2 are 0.5-2 mm, while in the Dros ⁇ sel section 23 of the droplet catching device 22, the diameter is narrowed to 0.2-0.5 mm.
• the main portion of the transfer capillary 2 extends as a tube-like transfer portion having in its rear portion a compression stage 25 with an expanded tube diameter. This is about 2-6 mm.
• a Restriktionskapillare 26 is connected, which leads to an input terminal of the filter and measuring device 4, 5. Restriction capillary 26 has a significantly smaller diameter of 50-500 ym. By this reduction in cross-section, a division of the mass flow and a pressure deco ⁇ treatment occurs.
• the remaining mass flow is discharged to a Vaku ⁇ cuum 27 via an upstream vacuum tank 28 also at the rear end of the printing stage 25 is integrally Schlos ⁇ sen (s. Fig. 2). With a pressure control 29, a desired negative pressure with pressure stage 25 and in the Trans ⁇ ferkapillare 2 is maintained.
• the white ⁇ terdeemede of the restriction capillary 26 to the measuring channel amount of sample is, before processing the Filtereinrich- reaches 4, first fed to an ion source means. 3 This is designed to ionize the inflowing gas ⁇ amount. It is, for example, as a Ioni ⁇ sierer after SMB principle (Supersonic Molecular Beam) executed.
• the filter device 4 is arranged. It is associated with an adjusting device 41, on which a mass range can be set, which is to be let through by the filter device 4.
• the filter device 4 thus acts as a mass filter which allows only ions in a desired passband of the mass spectrum to pass through and filters out the others.
• the filter device 4 may be formed, for example, as a quadrupole filter. The construction of quadrupole filters in general is in the
• the measuring device 5 comprises a detector and a mass separator. This measuring device enables broadband quasi-simultaneous measurement of the intensity distribution of the ions over the specified passband.
• the measurement signal thus obtained is an intensity sequence signal and transmitted to a Ana ⁇ lyse gifted. 6
• the measuring device 5 is capable of detecting the entire spectrum over the desired passband by fast scanning with high dynamics and resolution.
• the analysis device 6 comprises a classifier 61, which cooperates with a calibrator 62.
• the calibrator 62 comprises a first memory 63 and a second memory 64.
• the first memory 63 contains reference data for the spectral distribution of vaporous oil constituents
• the second memory 64 contains reference data for the spectral mass distribution of droplet-shaped oil constituents.
• subfields are provided to distinguish between vaporous and drop-shaped Ol strigieri.
• Such a subfield is shown in Figure 3 in the upper illustration. Two subfields are shown with dashed lines, a larger one (im
• a matched filter 65 is expediently provided. It forms part of the classifier 61 and also cooperates with the calibrator 62 so as to perform an assignment of the determined mass spectra, taking into account the intensity sequences to predetermined formation mechanisms. This can be used, for example, to determine whether the measured lubricating oil emissions are based on simple evaporation or on mechanical processes, such as scraping or centrifuging the oil from the inner wall of the cylinder 90. This is for a type of lubricating oil by way of example
• the determination device has yet another measuring branch 8 for the determination of combustion residues. It includes a per se known mass spectrometer 81 with connected measuring device 82. This conveys the overall wonnenen measurement data to an interface module 68 of the analy ⁇ se boots. Thus, the analysis means 6 burned in the evaluation, data on oil constituents consider. This allows for a more comprehensive one measurement result and an overview of the TOTAL ⁇ th emissions of oil, they were burned or unburned. On the other hand, the determination of the oil emission mechanism can thus be carried out even more precisely, since oil emissions often result in at least partial combustion of the oil emission, which is thus detected thanks to the additional measuring branch 8 and taken into account in the further evaluation by means of the interface 68.
• the second measuring branch 8 is connected to the transfer capillary 2 via a second measuring channel 28.
• a totalizer 67 is provided. This serves to form a total value on the basis of the measured values of the Measuring device 6 for the unburned hydrocarbon Emissio ⁇ nen and coming from the interface 68 measured values for the burned oil emissions.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
• Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
• Testing Of Engines (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-09-20 DE DE201310218930 patent/DE102013218930A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2014
  • 2014-09-18 JP JP2016543403A patent/JP6474416B2/ja active Active
  • 2014-09-18 US US15/023,638 patent/US10020175B2/en active Active
  • 2014-09-18 EP EP14772309.2A patent/EP3047515B1/de active Active
  • 2014-09-18 WO PCT/EP2014/069919 patent/WO2015040124A1/de not_active Ceased

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