WO2015026958A1 - Methods for improving respiratory system health and increasing the concentration of hypothiocyanate ion in vertebrate lungs - Google Patents
Methods for improving respiratory system health and increasing the concentration of hypothiocyanate ion in vertebrate lungs Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015026958A1 WO2015026958A1 PCT/US2014/051914 US2014051914W WO2015026958A1 WO 2015026958 A1 WO2015026958 A1 WO 2015026958A1 US 2014051914 W US2014051914 W US 2014051914W WO 2015026958 A1 WO2015026958 A1 WO 2015026958A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/40—Peroxides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
- A61L2/208—Hydrogen peroxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
- A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2202/11—Apparatus for generating biocidal substances, e.g. vaporisers, UV lamps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2209/00—Aspects relating to disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L2209/20—Method-related aspects
- A61L2209/21—Use of chemical compounds for treating air or the like
- A61L2209/211—Use of hydrogen peroxide, liquid and vaporous
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to methods for improving respiratory system health in subjects by providing habitable environments comprising purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the disclosure also relates to enclosed spaces, dwellings and environments for treatment, mitigation, and prevention of respiratory conditions including infections and chronic conditions.
- Air quality as generally understood by people refers to considerations of the composition of the air and the presence or absence of various pollutants, allergens, pathogens, and parasites.
- the air quality in enclosed spaces impact a wide range of human conditions including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, bronchitis, sinusitis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and myriad other diseases and pathologies of the respiratory system.
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- cystic fibrosis bronchitis
- sinusitis sinusitis
- tuberculosis tuberculosis
- pneumonia myriad other diseases and pathologies of the respiratory system.
- Many infectious agents may be air borne as are various allergens and non-infectious pathogens and substances that can trigger adverse events and respiratory distress. Improving the quality of the air in the indoor environment can avoid, mitigate, or decrease the cost of pathological conditions of the respiratory system.
- HVAC heating ventilator conditioning
- HVAC systems in the art provide for neutralizing airborne pathogens by passing the contaminated air through separate enclosed systems that employ UV light, ozone, and other activated oxygen species to kill, neutralize or destroy both living and non-living pathogens. Examples of such approaches may be found, for example, in International Patent Publication WO 20020160 lOand U.S. Patent No. 7407633. Such HVAC systems are limited by the requirement that the air pass through the system in order to be effective. Pathogens, allergens, and parasites too heavy to traverse current air handling systems are missed.
- U.S. Patent No. 8,168,122 issued May 1, 2012
- U.S. Patent No. 8,685,329 issued April 1, 2014
- the specification further provides methods for generating a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration, ozone, plasma species, and/ or organic species.
- Providing PHPG to an environment provides microbial control, disinfection, remediation, or combinations thereof, in the environment, preferably both on surfaces and in the air.
- U.S. Patent Nos. 8,168,122 and 8,685,329 are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
- the respiratory system also includes cellular defense
- mechanisms including leukocytes, antibodies and other aspects of the immune system.
- Other aspects of the innate defenses of the respiratory system include non-cellular, passive mechanisms residing in the secretions of the respiratory tract.
- the respiratory tract includes secretions having antimicrobial activity.
- secretions include immunoglobulins, complement factors, enzymes, and various binding proteins. Studies have demonstrated that a major component of the innate defense system is
- LPO lactoperoxidase
- Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed reactions yield short lived intermediary oxidation products of SCN-, providing antibacterial activity.
- Pruitt et al. "Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate: polarographic study of the oxidation products,". Biochemistry 21 (3): 562-7 (1982).
- Thiocyanate is present in significant amounts in airway secretions.
- Reiter et al "Lactoperoxidase: biological functions," in Peroxidases in Chemistry and Biology, Vol. I., J. Everse, K. E. Everse, and M. B. Grisham, editors, CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. pp.144-180 (1991).
- Hypothiocyanate exists in equilibrium with hypothiocyanous acid:
- HOSCN sulfhydryls
- gas hydrogen peroxide may be generated in any suitable manner known in the art, including but not limited to, any suitable process known in the art that simultaneously oxidizes water (or another compound that can provide hydrogen ions separable by osmosis) in liquid or gas form, and reduces oxygen gas, including gas phase photo-catalysis, e.g., using a metal catalyst such as titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide doped with cocatalysts (such as copper, rhodium, silver, platinum, gold, etc.), or other suitable metal oxide photocatalysts.
- a metal catalyst such as titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide doped with cocatalysts (such as copper, rhodium, silver, platinum, gold, etc.), or other suitable metal oxide photocatalysts.
- Purified gas hydrogen peroxide gas may also be produced by electrolytic processes using anodes and cathodes made from any suitable metal, or constructed from metal oxide ceramics using morphology that permits immediate removal of hydrogen peroxide gas before it can be reduced.
- hydrogen peroxide gas may be produced by high frequency excitation of gaseous water and oxygen molecules on a suitable supporting substrate using morphology that permits immediate removal of hydrogen peroxide gas before it can be reduced.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, enclosed spaces for human or veterinary use comprising purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) at a concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million wherein said PHPG is non-hydrated and free of ozone.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, dwellings having purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) at concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million wherein said PHPG is non-hydrated and free of ozone.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method for preparing a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) containing environment comprising generating PHPG that is substantially free of hydration and ozone, and accumulating said PHPG until a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm) is achieved.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method for preparing a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) containing environment comprising generating PHPG that is substantially free of hydration and ozone, and accumulating said PHPG until a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm) is achieved.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method for providing an enclosed space comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) comprising providing PHPG that is substantially free of hydration and ozone to said environment at a rate sufficient to maintain PHPG gas at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm).
- a method of treatment comprising providing a treatment environment comprising an enclosed space suitable for habitation wherein said treatment environment comprises a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million and the PHPG is non-hydrated and free of ozone and exposing a subject in need of treatment to the treatment environment for a treatment period.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method for treating a respiratory illness in a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm) and exposing the subject to the environment for at least one period of time, wherein the treating comprises reducing the severity of a respiratory infection, reducing the duration of a respiratory infection, reducing the severity of an allergy, preventing transmission of a respiratory infection, reducing transmission of a respiratory infection in a population, improving lung function, or any combination thereof.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method for treating a respiratory condition in a subject in need thereof comprising providing the subject in need with an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method for reducing the severity of a respiratory infection in a subject comprising providing a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) containing environment comprising PHPG that is substantially free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm), and exposing the subject to the PHPG containing environment for a period of time, wherein the severity of the respiratory infection is reduced.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a generating a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of hydration and ozone to an environment, wherein the environment accumulates the PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million, and exposing the subject to the PHPG containing environment for a period of time.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method for preventing a respiratory infection comprising generating a hydrogen peroxide gas that is substantially free of hydration and ozone and providing the hydrogen peroxide gas to an environment wherein the environment accumulates the PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million and chronically exposing an animal at risk for respiratory infection to the environment.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method for reducing the transmission of a respiratory infection from a first subject having the respiratory infection to a second subject not having the respiratory infection comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million and exposing the first subject having the respiratory infection to the environment for one or more periods of time.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method of supplementing endogenous H202 in the lung of a subject comprising exposing the subject to an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of hydration and ozone, wherein the environment accumulates the PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method for enhancing host defenses to a respiratory infection of a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million and exposing the subject to the environment for one or more periods of time, thereby increasing the level of hypothiocyanate ion in the lungs of the subject.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method for stimulating the host defenses to a respiratory infection of a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million and exposing the subject to the environment for one or more periods of time, thereby increasing the level of hypothiocyanate ion in the lungs of the subject.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method of managing a condition affecting the lungs of a subject comprising generating a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of hydration and ozone to an environment wherein the environment accumulates the PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million, and exposing the subject to the PHPG containing environment for a period of time.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method of decreasing the severity of a respiratory infection in a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million and exposing the subject to the environment for one or more periods of time, wherein the severity of the respiratory infection is decreased.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method of increasing the rate of hypothiocyanate ion production catalyzed by lactoperoxidase (LPO) in the lungs of a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million and exposing the subject to the environment for one or more periods of time.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method of improving the lung function of a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million and exposing the subject to the environment for one or more periods of time.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, the use of a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) for the preparation of an environment suitable for preventing, treating, or controlling a respiratory illness in a subject comprising generating a hydrogen peroxide gas that is substantially free of hydration and ozone and providing the hydrogen peroxide gas to an environment wherein the environment accumulates the PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method for preparing an environment suitable for occupancy of a subject comprising providing a device for producing purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG), wherein the PHPG is substantially free of hydration and ozone, and wherein the environment has a reduced level of infectious agents, allergens, or a combination thereof.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- Figures 1 A-D illustrate an exemplary standalone device for providing PHPG that is substantially free of hydration and ozone PHPG to an environment according to the present disclosure.
- FIGS 2A-D illustrate an exemplary device for installation into a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system to provide PHPG that is substantially free of hydration and ozone PHPG to an environment according to the present disclosure.
- HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
- hydrogen peroxide is provided as a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) and is alternatively described in the present disclosure as a near-ideal gas phase hydrogen peroxide, or non-hydrated hydrogen peroxide gas.
- Purified Hydrogen Peroxide gas is gaseous hydrogen peroxide (H 2 0 2 ) that is substantially free of at least hydration (in the form of H 2 0 2 in solution) and substantially free of ozone.
- purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) is not condensed or present as a droplet.
- Purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) is produced as a gas phase free of hydration or water molecules bonded by covalence, van der Waals forces, or London forces and is substantially free of ozone.
- PHPG Hydroperoxide
- Devices suitable for the production of PHPG for use according the present disclosure generate PHPG that is non-hydrated and free of ozone.
- hydrogen peroxide e.g., PHPG
- PHPG is
- aerosolized aqueous hydrogen peroxide As PHPG is not hydrated, nontoxic and the H 2 0 2 molecules are present in much lower concentrations.
- aerosolized aqueous hydrogen peroxide commonly referred to as vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) consists of micro-droplets. Aerosolized or vaporized hydrogen peroxide is an EPA registered pesticide (EPA PC Code # 000595).
- a suitable diffuser device may be used to generate the PHPG, such as those disclosed in WO/2009/021 108 or WO/2010/093796, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference.
- the diffuser design may optimize PHPG production by spreading the air permeable photocatalytic PHPG reactor surface thinly over a large area that is perpendicular to air flow (e.g., in certain aspects, over a sail-like area), rather than by compacting it into a volume-optimizing morphology designed to maximize residence time within the plasma reactor.
- the terms "substantial absence of ozone,” “substantially free of ozone,” etc. generally mean amounts of ozone below about 0.015 ppm, down to levels below the LOD (level of detection) for ozone.
- free of ozone means free of detectable levels of ozone when the peroxide gas is produced. Such levels are below the generally accepted limits for human health.
- the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires ozone output of indoor medical devices to be no more than 0.05 ppm of ozone.
- the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that workers not be exposed to an average concentration of more than 0.10 ppm of ozone for 8 hours.
- NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
- NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
- EPA's National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone is a maximum 8 hour average outdoor concentration of 0.08 ppm.
- Diffuser devices suitable for preparing PHPG for the methods of the present disclosure have consistently demonstrated that they do not produce ozone at levels detectable by means of a Draeger Tube.
- PHPG is not appreciably lighter or heavier than air, having a molar mass of 34.0148 grams per mole.
- gas phase hydrogen peroxide can penetrate to any space that can be reached by air itself. This includes all areas, such as crevices between materials, inside air-permeable cushions and in air-permeable bedding.
- Gas phase hydrogen peroxide diffuses through air as any other gas would, and passes through air permeable materials, unhindered by the surface tension of water as is seen in the behavior of micro-droplets comprising aqueous phase vapor forms of hydrogen peroxide (e.g., VHP) often referred to as gaseous.
- VHP hydrogen peroxide
- micro-droplets of hydrogen peroxide or VHP may be, they are not gaseous and do not behave as a gas. Aerosolized micro-droplets of hydrogen peroxide are toxic and are not suitable for the methods and enclosed habitable spaces of the present disclosure.
- a hydrogen peroxide diffuser device for example as provided in U.S. Patent No. 8, 168,122, issued May 1 , 2012, and U.S. Patent No. 8,685,329, issued April 1 , 2014, an equilibrium concentration above 0.01 parts per million of gas phase hydrogen peroxide may be achieved and maintained continuously in an enclosed space or environment.
- gas phase hydrogen peroxide At equilibrium, at one atmosphere pressure, and at 19.51 degrees Celsius, gas phase hydrogen peroxide will be present in every cubic micron of air at an average amount of one molecule per cubic micron for each 0.04 parts per million of concentration. At one part per million, the average number of hydrogen peroxide molecules per cubic micron will be 25 and at 3.2 parts per million it will be 80.
- the PHPG becomes distributed homogeneously in an enclosed space or environment.
- the homogenous distribution of the PHPG in an enclosed space or environment maximizes the surface area of the lungs exposed to PHPG.
- aerosolized hydrogen peroxide or vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP)
- VHP vaporized hydrogen peroxide
- an enclosed space means any space that is substantially separated from exchanging air with the outside.
- a closed space need not be completely closed to the outside, but rather should be sufficiently closed to enable the atmosphere within the closed space to be controlled reliably.
- an enclosed space may be provided inside another enclosed space, for example as an isolated room, or a cage or enclosure in a facility; this term includes, for example, rooms, buildings, cages, livestock confinements or any space wherein the air is not freely
- an enclosed space is a habitable space, such as a house, apartment, hotel, motel, airplane, spacecraft, restaurant, fitness center, health bar, or other buildings.
- an enclosed space comprises a large space, including but not limited to auditoriums, exposition centers, and stadiums.
- an enclosed space includes rooms for sleeping, resting or exercising, e.g. a gym. It is to be understood that an "enclosed space" as described herein may include locations at sea or under water. For example, an enclosure may be part of a boat or submarine. In one aspect, the methods provided herein may improve the air quality or reduce the transmission of illness on a submarine.
- the methods provided herein may reduce the transmission of a respiratory infection or control a pathogen on a cruise ship.
- the enclosure may be on a spaceship, spacecraft, or space station.
- the enclosed spaces include control of such environment conditions including, but not limited to, temperature and humidity.
- the air exchange rate is affected by the design, construction, and operating parameters of buildings and is ultimately a function of infiltration (air that flows into structures through openings, joints, and cracks in walls, floors, and ceilings and around windows and doors), natural ventilation (air that flows through opened windows and doors), and mechanical ventilation (air that is forced indoors or vented outdoors by ventilation devices, such as fans or air handling systems). Outdoor climate and weather conditions combined with occupant behavior can also affect indoor air quality and the ability to control the environment in an enclosed space.
- a “subject” means an individual vertebrate animal.
- the “subject” can include, but is not limited to, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians.
- Subject includes humans and other primates, domesticated animals (e.g., cats, dogs, etc.), livestock (e.g., cattle, horses, poultry, pigs, sheep, goats, etc.), zoo animals, and laboratory animals (e.g., mice, rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, monkeys, etc.).
- livestock e.g., cattle, horses, poultry, pigs, sheep, goats, etc.
- zoo animals e.g., mice, rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, monkeys, etc.
- mice e.g., mice, rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, monkeys, etc.
- subjects are not invertebrates and unicellular organisms.
- a subject or “at least one subject” may include a plurality of subjects, including mixtures thereof.
- a subject includes and provides for a population of subjects.
- a population of subjects may further include a mixed population of subjects including for example mixed populations of animals (e.g. a zoo or animal facility).
- methods for controlling, treating, or mitigating a respiratory illness, infection, or condition may be measured by comparing a population of subjects exposed to PHPG to a comparable population of subjects not exposed to PHPG. Comparison of populations allows for a statistical analysis using methods known in the art to identify and quantify changes in the number or extent of respiratory illness, infection or condition.
- the population may be selected from the group consisting of a human, laboratory animals, house-pets, or livestock animals. For example, a select population may be comprised of healthy individuals. "Healthy,” as used herein, means individuals without indications or symptoms of the presence of a pulmonary disease, infection, or condition.
- a population may be a family living in a house having an environment including PHPG compared to similar families that are not exposed to PHPG.
- populations may comprise treated or untreated subjects exposed to a hospital, veterinary hospital, quarantine area, house, apartment, hotel, airplane, spacecraft, fitness center, restaurant, health bar, or the like.
- the population of PHPG treated individuals may be selected and compared to a population of individuals having similar occupations, living conditions, ethnic and economic backgrounds, or combinations thereof.
- subject populations may be medical and veterinary practitioners.
- a population may be compared by determining the number and extent of respiratory illness in a comparable time period before and after exposure to a PHPG environment.
- the effects of PHPG exposure is compared on a year-to-year basis.
- the effects of PHPG treatment in a population can be determined from a multi-year analysis.
- the benefit of PHPG treatment may be determined in animal populations, including for example, laboratory animal populations. By comparing the percentage requiring veterinary intervention in treated and untreated populations, the benefits of PHPG treatment may demonstrated and quantified.
- treatment with PHPG reduces veterinary intervention by at least 10% over untreated control populations.
- PHPG reduces veterinary intervention by at least 20% over untreated control populations.
- PHPG reduces veterinary intervention by at least 30% or 40% over untreated control populations.
- the experimental populations are compared over a one month period. In other aspects, experimental populations are compared over a two month period. In further aspects, experimental populations are compared over a 6 month, 7 month, 8 month, 9 month, 10 month, 11 month, or one year period.
- the benefit of exposure to an environment having PHPG may be determined by comparing the percentages of people in treated and untreated populations requiring medical intervention.
- medical intervention may include visiting a doctor, obtaining and using a prescription medicament, or self-medicating with non- prescription medicament.
- treatment with PHPG may reduce medical intervention by at least 10%.
- the percentage of people requiring medical intervention is reduced by at least 15%.
- the percentage of people requiring medical intervention is reduced by at least 20% or 25%.
- the percentage of people requiring medical intervention is reduced by at least, 30%>, 35% , 40%, or 50% or more.
- treatment of a population with PHPG results in a decrease in the number of sick days claimed.
- the number of sick days is reduced by 10% or more.
- the number of sick days taken by a population of people is reduced by 20%> or more.
- the number of missed days due to sickness may be reduced by 30%> or more.
- an individual in a treated population may reduce the number of sick days claimed per year by at least 1 , on average.
- an individual in a treated population may take 2 or 3 fewer sick days per year using the treatment methods of the present disclosure.
- the number of sick days may be reduced by 5 or more per year.
- the benefit of exposure to an environment having PHPG may be determined by comparing the number of sick days taken by people exposed to PHPG to the number of sick days taken by people not exposed to PHPG over a period of time.
- the period of time is one month.
- the period of time is 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, or one year.
- the number of sick days in a population of people exposed to PHPG as described herein is reduced by at least 10% as compared to the number of sick days taken in a population of people not exposed to PHPG.
- the number of sick days is reduce by at least 15%, 20%), 25%o, 30%), 35%) , 40%>, or 50%> compared to the number of sick days taken in a population of people not exposed to PHPG.
- the beneficial effects of exposure of a subject to PHPG environments do not require continuous exposure.
- continuous exposure has no adverse effects on a subject.
- the beneficial effects of exposure to a PHPG containing environment persist in a subject, even though the subject is not exposed continuously throughout the day or even for a majority of the day.
- PHPG increases or enhances the body's innate defenses to various pathogens through the production of isothiocyanate.
- PHPG may provide benefits during preclinical disease incubation periods thereby avoiding symptomatic infection.
- subjects benefit not only from the decrease in pathogens in the PHPG containing environment (PHPG acts as a direct bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal agent) but also benefit when they leave the PHPG environment.
- a reduction in the severity means in the length of time that symptoms are evident or a reduction in the severity of the symptoms.
- a reduction in the severity includes a reduced need for palliative medicines such as decongestants and antihistamines.
- a reduction of the severity of respiratory infections is associated with reduced nasal congestion, runny nose (rhinorrhea), nasal discharge, nasal breathing, sneezing, sore or scratchy throat, painful swallowing
- Reductions may be exhibited by decreases in the length of time of illness or a reduction in the number or quality of the symptoms. Reductions in severity may also be evident by reduced absences from work or school and faster returns to normal activities. Respiratory infections typically last between 3 and 14 days and reductions in severity may include decreases in the length of time to less than one day, less than two days, or less than 3 days.
- "reduced transmission" or "prevented transmission” of a respiratory infection means a reduced incidence of infectious disease in subjects exposed to an infectious respiratory disease. Reduced transmission may be measured in population surveys comparing PHPG treated and non-treated subjects. Reduced transmission may also be identified by a decrease in the number or extent of respiratory infection of a subject over the course of a year or over the course of the "flu" season.
- improved lung function means that the subject has improved or increased static lung volume, increased total lung capacity, increased partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood gases, decreased residual volume or combinations thereof. Improved lung function may be measured after extended exposure to a PHPG containing environment.
- prolaxis means that exposure to PHPG containing environments improves or increases the ability of the subject to resist respiratory illness, generally before exposure to an infectious agent or in anticipation of exposure. In certain aspects, exposure to PHPG containing environments is initiated in anticipation of some future exposure to a known pathogen.
- improving the health of a subject by prophylaxis includes enhancing a subject's host defenses to a respiratory infection, stimulating a subject's defenses to a respiratory infection, increasing the concentration of hypothiocyanate ion in a respiratory system, increasing the rate of hypothiocyanate ion production catalyzed by lactoperoxidase (LPO), preventing a respiratory infection, reducing the transmission of a respiratory infection, preventing a respiratory illness, preparing an environment suitable for occupancy, and combinations thereof.
- LPO lactoperoxidase
- gas phase hydrogen peroxide will be "inhaled” or processed by subjects including animals having lungs including mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians.
- suitable subjects include domesticated animals (e.g., cats, dogs, etc.), livestock (e.g., cattle, horses, poultry, pigs, sheep, goats, etc.), zoo animals, and laboratory animals (e.g., mouse, rabbit, rat, guinea pig, etc.).
- the subject is a mammal, such as a primate or a human.
- Non arthropod animals such as humans and other vertebrates have respiratory mechanisms that protect them from equivalent concentrations of gas phase hydrogen peroxide.
- Human lungs produce hydrogen peroxide at high rates and a cubic micron of human lung secretion contains an equilibrium concentration of between 600 molecules, and 60,000 molecules of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous phase, along with enzymes that consume hydrogen peroxide and regulate its concentration.
- Enzymes such as lactoperoxidase and catalase which perform this function are known to have enzymatic velocities of thousands of molecular reactions per second.
- prophylaxis is indicated for example, in anticipation of possible exposure to influenza virus during flu season or during outbreaks of other viral diseases, including but not limited to influenza virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), ebola, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
- prophylaxis by exposure to PHPG containing environments includes pretreatment of a subject in anticipation of exposure to fungal and mold pathogens, including without limitation, Aspergillus spp., Candida albicans, Sclerotinia or Pneumocystis spp.
- Prophylaxis includes in certain aspects, treatment of a subject in a PHPG containing environment to prevent infection by bacteria including, without limitation, Mycoplasma sp, including Mycoplasma pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Acinetobacter sp.,
- prophylaxis includes concurrent treatment with PHPG of an existing respiratory illness.
- methods of prophylaxis comprising exposing a subject to PHPG gas may further be used for treatment of infection.
- PHPG levels as low as 0.01 ppm are sufficient to provide a prophylactic effect according to the present disclosure in a subject exposed for at least 4 hours daily.
- a PHPG level of at least 0.05 ppm for at least 4 hours provides prophylaxis.
- a PHPG level of 0.1 ppm for at least 4 hours provides prophylaxis.
- a PHPG level of at least 0.2 or 0.3 ppm for at least 4 hours provides prophylaxis.
- exposure of a subject to between 0.01 and 1 ppm for at least 4 hours provides prophylaxis.
- a suitable range of PHPG for prophylaxis may be between 0.1 and 7 ppm, for at least 4 hours per day.
- a subject may be exposed to between 0.2 to 2 ppm for 4 hours per day.
- improving the health of a subject by mitigation includes enhancing a host's deference to a respiratory infection; stimulating a host's defenses to a respiratory infection; increasing the concentration of hypothiocyanate ion in a respiratory system;
- LPO lactoperoxidase
- PHPG levels as low as 0.01 ppm are sufficient to provide a mitigation effect according to the present disclosure in a subject exposed for at least 4 hours daily.
- a PHPG level of at least 0.05 ppm for at least 4 hours provides mitigation.
- a PHPG level of 0.1 ppm for at least 4 hours provides mitigation.
- a PHPG level of at least 0.2 or 0.3 ppm for at least 4 hours provides mitigation.
- exposure of a subject to between 0.01 and 1 ppm for at least 4 hours provides mitigation.
- a suitable range of PHPG for mitigation may be between 0.1 and 7 ppm for at least 4 hours per day.
- a subject may be exposed to between 0.2 to 2 ppm for 4 hours per day.
- treatment of a medical condition includes enhancing a host's deference to a respiratory infection; stimulating a host's defenses to a respiratory infection; increasing the concentration of hypothiocyanate ion in a respiratory system; increasing the rate of hypothiocyanate ion production catalyzed by lactoperoxidase (LPO); reducing the severity of a respiratory infection; controlling a pathogen in the respiratory system; managing a condition affecting the lungs; decreasing the severity of a respiratory infection; improving the lung function; preventing, treating, or controlling a respiratory illness.
- LPO lactoperoxidase
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, enclosed spaces for human or veterinary use comprising purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) at a steady state concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million wherein said PHPG is free of hydration and ozone.
- enclosed spaces for human or veterinary use comprise purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) at a steady state concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million wherein the PHPG is free of hydration and ozone.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- exposure of subjects to enclosed spaces having PHPG provides for improved respiratory system function and health.
- the present disclosure further provides for, and includes, and enclosed space that is a dwelling comprising purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) at a steady state concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million wherein the PHPG is free of hydration and ozone.
- a dwelling comprises purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) at a steady state concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million wherein the PHPG is free of hydration and ozone.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- a "dwelling” is a self-contained unit of accommodation including a building, a part of a building a caravan, houseboat, mobile home, manufactured home, used and occupied for subject habitation or intended to be used and occupied by a subject.
- the subject that uses and occupies a dwelling is human.
- a subject that uses and occupies a dwelling is an animal.
- enclosed spaces that are dwellings include hospitals, veterinary hospitals, quarantine areas, houses, apartments, airplanes, spacecraft, hotels, and motels.
- a dwelling need not be continuously occupied and may be for temporary use. Examples of dwellings for temporary use include tents and other structures prepared for example, to accommodate subjects during
- the ability to maintain a PHPG concentration at desired levels depends on the rate of production of PHPG and the volume of the space and the ability to control the rate of loss.
- the rate of loss is, in turn, determined by the spontaneous decay of peroxide, the reaction with pathogens and compounds and by the loss of peroxide through exchange with the outside air. Accordingly, the steady state level of PHPG can be increased by increasing the rate of production and by further isolating the exchange of air of the enclosed space with the outside air.
- the steady state level of an enclosed for human or veterinary use comprises purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) at a steady state concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million.
- the steady state level of an enclosed for human or veterinary comprises purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) at a steady state concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million.
- the steady state amount of purified hydrogen peroxide gas may vary from about 0.005 ppm to about 0.10 ppm, more particularly, from about 0.02 ppm to about 0.05 ppm, in the environment.
- the steady state amount of purified hydrogen peroxide gas may vary from about 0.005 ppm to about 0.40 ppm. More particularly, steady state purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) levels from about 0.02 ppm to about 7 ppm can be produced in the environment to be treated.
- the present disclosure further provides and relates generally to methods for the increase of the hypothiocyanate ion in mammalian lungs and devices related thereto.
- electro-catalytic processes may be utilized to form gas phase hydrogen peroxide for use in the methods and devices described herein.
- Gas phase hydrogen peroxide will be inhaled by subjects in the habitable enclosed space or environment created according to the methods of the present disclosure or can be directly supplied to the lungs by devices.
- humans and other vertebrates have respiratory mechanisms that consume and use equivalent concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.
- human lungs produce hydrogen peroxide at high rates, and a cubic micron of human lung secretion contains an equilibrium concentration of between 600 and 60,000 molecules of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous phase, along with enzymes that consume hydrogen peroxide and regulate its concentration.
- Enzymes such as lactoperoxidase and catalase which perform this function are known to have enzymatic velocities of thousands of molecular reactions per second.
- the hydrogen peroxide gas is absorbed by the aqueous secretions of the respiratory system and used by lactoperoxidase, catalase, and other enzymes to produce hypothiocyanate ions from thiocyanate ions in mammalian lungs by means of the following reaction:
- a method of increasing hypothiocyanate ion production in human lungs generally comprises (a) generating a gas comprised of hydrogen peroxide gas that is substantially free of, e.g., hydration (i.e., non- hydrated, in the form of water in solution or water molecules bonded by covalence, van der Waals forces, or London forces), ozone, plasma species, and/or organic species; and
- a method of increasing hypothiocyanate ion production in non- human lungs generally comprises (a) generating a gas comprised of hydrogen peroxide gas that is substantially free of, e.g., hydration (i.e., non-hydrated, in the form of water in solution or water molecules bonded by covalence, van der Waals forces, or London forces), ozone, plasma species, and/or organic species; and (b) directing the gas comprised of hydrogen peroxide into the environment or directly to the lungs where it can be inhaled such that the hydrogen peroxide interacts with enzymes in the lungs to increase the concentration of hypothiocyanate ions in the lungs.
- hydration i.e., non-hydrated, in the form of water in solution or water molecules bonded by covalence, van der Waals forces, or London forces
- ozone i.e., non-hydrated, in the form of water in solution or water molecules bonded by covalence, van der Waals forces, or London forces
- ozone
- methods for increasing hypothiocyanate ion production in human lungs includes exposing a human to an environment having PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or 0.7 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- hypothiocyanate ion production may be increased by exposing a subject, such as an animal or human, continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the subject may be exposed to PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a subject may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the subject may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 0.5 ppm PHPG for at least 4 hours.
- the subject may be exposed to environment comprising at least 0.5 ppm PHPG 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more times in a 7 day period.
- exposing a subject to PHPG may be repeated regularly as a prophylactic measure.
- the method comprises producing purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) and directing the Hydrogen Peroxide Gas into the environment or directly to the lungs such that the Hydrogen Peroxide Gas can be breathed and increase the hypothiocyanate ion concentration in the lungs.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for improving the health of a subject including prophylaxis, mitigation, or treatment of a medical condition by exposing a subject to an enclosed space having an environment having PHPG at concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm).
- methods for improving the health of a subject include prophylaxis, mitigation, or treatment of a medical condition include exposing a subject to PHPG levels of at least 0.05 ppm.
- PHPG levels may be significantly increased up to 7 ppm, for example during emergencies, including outbreaks and epidemics of infectious disease.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for improving air quality in an enclosed space comprising introducing purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million where the PHPG free of hydration and ozone and wherein the air stream is introduced from an indoor air recirculation stream.
- the PHPG concentration is at least 0.05 ppm.
- the PHPG is introduced to the enclosed space using a standalone PHPG producing device.
- air quality may be improved by introducing PHPG into an enclosed space and maintaining a concentration of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the PHPG may be maintained at a concentration above 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG may be maintained at a concentration above 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or 0.7 ppm.
- the air quality is improved by maintaining the PHPG in the enclosed space for at least 1 hour per day. In other aspects, the air quality is improved by maintaining the PHPG in the enclosed space for at least 4 hours per day.
- the PHPG is provided to an enclosed space at a final concentration of at least 0.1 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration is provided and maintained at a concentration of at least 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration is provided and maintained at a concentration of at least 0.3 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration is provided and maintained at a concentration of at least 0.4 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration is provided and maintained at a concentration of at least 0.5 ppm, least 0.6 ppm, least 0.7 ppm, least 0.8 ppm, or at least 0.9 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration is provided and maintained at less than 1.0 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration is provided and maintained between 0.1 and 0.6 ppm. In another aspect, the PHPG concentration is provided and maintained between 0.4 and 1.0 ppm.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for preparing a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) containing environment comprising generating PHPG that is free of hydration and ozone, and accumulating said PHPG until a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm) is achieved. In another aspect, the final concentration of PHPG is at least 0.05 ppm.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for providing an enclosed space comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) comprising providing PHPG that is free of hydration and ozone to the environment at a rate sufficient to maintain PHPG gas at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm).
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the enclosed space achieves a PHPG concentration of at least 0.05 ppm
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, a method of treatment comprising providing a treatment environment comprising an enclosed space suitable for habitation wherein said treatment environment comprises a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million and the PHPG is free of hydration and ozone; exposing a subject in need of treatment to the treatment environment for a treatment period.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the method of treatment comprises providing a treatment environment comprising an enclosed space suitable for habitation wherein the treatment environment comprises a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million and the PHPG is free of hydration and ozone; exposing a subject in need of treatment to the treatment environment for a treatment period.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for increasing or improving host defenses to a respiratory infection of a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million; and exposing the subject to the environment for one or more periods of time, thereby increasing the level of hypothiocyanate ion in the lungs of the subject.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the final steady state concentration is at least 0.05 ppm PHPG.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for treating a respiratory illness in a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm); and exposing the subject to the environment for at least one period of time, wherein the treating comprises reducing the severity of a respiratory infection, reducing the duration of a respiratory infection, reducing the severity of an allergy, preventing transmission of a respiratory infection, reducing transmission of a respiratory infection in a population, improving lung function, or any combination thereof.
- methods for treating a respiratory illness in a subject comprises providing PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.05 ppm.
- methods for treating a respiratory illness include exposing a subject to an environment having PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or 0.7 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- a respiratory illness may be treated by exposing a subject, such as an animal or human, continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the subject may be exposed to PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a subject may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the subject may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 0.5 ppm PHPG for at least 4 hours.
- the subject may be exposed to environment comprising at least 0.5 ppm PHPG 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more times in a 7 day period.
- exposing a subject to PHPG may be repeated regularly as a prophylactic measure.
- improved lung function includes increasing static lung volume, increasing total lung capacity, increasing the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood gases, decreasing residual volume, or any combination thereof.
- Lung function may be measured using spirometry.
- methods for improved lung function include exposing a subject to an environment having PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or 0.7 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- a respiratory system is treated by exposing the subject to PHPG for at least 4 hours.
- exposure of a subject to PHPG is for at least 15, at least 30, at least 60, at least 90, at least 120, at least 180, at least 240, at least 300, at least 360, at least 420, or at least 480 consecutive minutes.
- treatment includes exposure to PHPG for at least 15, at least 30, at least 60, at least 90, or at least 120 minutes over a 24 hour, or 48 hour period.
- treatment includes exposure to PHPG for at least 8, at least 16 or at least 24 hours over a 7 day period.
- treatment includes exposure to PHPG for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or more hours.
- treatment with PHPG is repeated 1, 2, 3, or more times daily, weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly.
- the amount of time of exposure may be decreased as the concentration of PHPG is increased. While non-toxic even at levels up to 7 ppm, it may be desirable to decrease the exposure level by decreasing the exposure time.
- the methods of the present disclosure provide for exposing a subject to a "dose of PHPG.” As used herein, a dose may be defined in "units" of PHPG equivalent to the concentration of PHPG in ppm multiplied by the number of hours a subject is exposed to the PHPG containing environment.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for treating a respiratory condition in a subject in need thereof comprising providing said subject in need with an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm).
- a method for treating a respiratory condition in a subject in need thereof may comprise providing PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.05 ppm.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for reducing the severity of a respiratory infection in a subject comprising providing a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) containing environment comprising PHPG that is free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million (ppm), and exposing the subject to said PHPG containing environment for a period of time, wherein the severity of the respiratory infection is reduced.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the final concentration of PHPG may be 0.01 ppm.
- the respiratory infection is selected from the group consisting of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), ebola, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
- SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome
- MERS Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
- PRRSV porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
- RSV respiratory syncytial virus
- methods for reducing the severity of a respiratory infection include exposing a subject to an environment having PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or 0.7 ppm.
- methods for reducing the severity of a respiratory infection include exposing a subject, such as an animal or human, continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the subject may be exposed to PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a subject may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the subject may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 0.5 ppm PHPG for at least 4 hours.
- the subject may be exposed to environment comprising at least 0.5 ppm PHPG 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more times in a 7 day period.
- exposing a subject to PHPG may be repeated regularly as a prophylactic measure.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for controlling a pathogen in the respiratory system of a subject comprising generating a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone to an environment, wherein the environment accumulates the PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million, and exposing the subject to the PHPG containing environment for a period of time.
- the pathogen is selected from the group consisting of a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, and a parasite.
- the final concentration of PHPG is at least 0.01 ppm.
- the respiratory system includes one or more of the trachea, the bronchi, the conducting bronchioles, the respiratory bronchioles, the alveolar sac, the oral cavity, and the nasopharyngeal cavity.
- the fungus controlled, treated, or mitigated by the methods provided herein is from the genus Aspergillus.
- the fungus is selected from the group consisting of Histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces, Cryptococcus neoformans , Pneumocystis jiroveci, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Sporothrix schenckii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Candida albicans.
- the virus controlled, treated, or mitigated by the methods provided herein is a double stranded DNA virus, a single-stranded DNA virus, a double-stranded R A virus, a positive sense single-stranded RNA virus, a negative sense single-stranded RNA virus, a single stranded RNA retrovirus, or a double- stranded DNA retrovirus.
- the bacterium controlled, treated, or mitigated by the methods provided herein is Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycoplasma, Pneumococcus, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus species, or Staphylococcus aureus.
- the parasite controlled, treated, or mitigated by the methods provided herein is a protozoan, a nematode, or a trematode.
- the parasite is selected from the group consisting of Toxoplasma gondii, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Plasmodium malariae, Echinococcus granulosus, Dirofilaria immitis, Paragonimus westermani, Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, Toxocara canis, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosomahaematobiu, Schistosoma japonicum, Strongyloides stercoralis, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Brugia malayi.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for preventing a respiratory infection comprising generating a hydrogen peroxide gas that is free of hydration and ozone; and providing the hydrogen peroxide gas to an environment wherein the environment accumulates the PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million; and exposing a subject at risk for respiratory infection to the environment for at least four hours per day.
- a method for preventing a respiratory infection comprises generating a the hydrogen peroxide gas that is free of hydration and ozone; and providing the hydrogen peroxide gas to an environment wherein the environment accumulates the PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million; and chronically exposing a subject at risk for respiratory infection to the environment for at least four hours per day.
- the subject at risk for respiratory infection may be continually exposed to PHPG at a concentration of 0.01 or 0.05 ppm.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for reducing the transmission of a respiratory infection from a first subject having the respiratory infection to a second subject not having the respiratory infection comprising: providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million; and exposing the first subject having the respiratory infection to the environment for one or more periods of time.
- the PHPG may be provided at a final concentration of at least 0.01 ppm to reduce
- methods for reducing the transmission of a respiratory infection include exposing a subject to an environment having PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or 0.7 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- methods for reducing the transmission of a respiratory infection include exposing a subject, such as an animal or human, continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the subject may be exposed to PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a subject may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the subject may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 0.5 ppm PHPG for at least 4 hours.
- the subject may be exposed to environment comprising at least 0.5 ppm PHPG 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more times in a 7 day period.
- exposing a subject to PHPG may be repeated regularly.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for supplementing endogenous H 2 0 2 in the lung of a subject comprising exposing said subject to an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone, wherein the environment accumulates said PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the endogenous H 2 0 2 in the lung may be supplemented by exposing a subject to a PHPG concentration of 0.01 ppm.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for stimulating the host defenses to a respiratory infection of a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million; and exposing the subject to said environment for one or more periods of time, thereby increasing the level of hypothiocyanate ion in the lungs of said subject.
- a method for stimulation the host defenses to a respiratory infection of a subject comprises providing purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) at a final concentration of at least 0.01 ppm.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for managing a condition affecting the lungs of a subject comprising generating a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone to an environment wherein the environment accumulates the PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million, and exposing said subject to the PHPG containing environment for a period of time.
- the PHPG concentration may be at least 0.01 ppm.
- the condition is selected from the group consisting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, an allergy, asthma, prematurity, and cystic fibrosis.
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- exposing to PHPG is in combination with a respiratory therapy selected from the group consisting of deep breathing exercises, postural drainage, incentive spirometry, and chest physiotherapy.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for decreasing the severity of a respiratory infection in a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million; and exposing the subject to the environment for one or more periods of time, wherein the severity of the respiratory infection is decreased.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the severity of a respiratory infection may be reduced by providing PHPG at a concentration of 0.01 ppm.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for increasing the rate of hypothiocyanate ion production catalyzed by lactoperoxidase (LPO) in the lungs of a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million; and exposing the subject to the environment for one or more periods of time.
- the PHPG may be provided at 0.01 ppm to increase the rate of
- hypothiocyanate ion production catalyzed by lactoperoxidase (LPO) in the lungs of a subject catalyzed by lactoperoxidase (LPO) in the lungs of a subject.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for improving the lung function of a subject comprising: providing an environment comprising a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million; and exposing the subject to the environment for one or more periods of time.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the final concentration of PHPG for improving lung function may be at least 0.01 ppm.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, the use of a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) for the preparation of an environment suitable for preventing, treating, or controlling a respiratory illness in a subject comprising: generating a hydrogen peroxide gas that is free of hydration and ozone; and providing the hydrogen peroxide gas to an environment wherein the environment accumulates the PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.05 parts per million.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- an environments suitable for preventing, treating, or controlling a respiratory illness in a subject includes an environment having 0.01 ppm PHPG.
- the use of a Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas (PHPG) for the preparation of an environment suitable for preventing, treating, or controlling a respiratory illness includes introducing PHPG into an enclosed space and maintaining a concentration of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the PHPG may be maintained at a concentration above 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG may be maintained at a concentration above 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or at least 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for reducing mortality due to respiratory illness in a subject comprising providing an environment comprising a PHPG that is free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm); and exposing the subject to the environment for at least one period of time.
- methods for reducing mortality include exposing a subject to an environment having PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be at least 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be at least 0.25 ppm. In an aspect, the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or at least 0.5 ppm. In an aspect, the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 ppm. In another aspect, PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm. In yet another aspect, the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm. [00117] In a number of aspects, methods for reducing mortality include exposing a subject continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm. In certain aspects, the subject may be exposed to PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a subject may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the subject may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 0.5 ppm PHPG for at least 4 hours.
- the subject may be exposed to environment comprising at least 0.5 ppm PHPG 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more times in a 7 day period.
- exposing a subject to PHPG may be repeated regularly.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for preparing an environment suitable for occupancy of a subject comprising: providing a device for producing purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG), wherein said PHPG is free of hydration and ozone, and wherein the environment has a reduced level of infectious agents, allergens, or a combination thereof.
- PHPG purified hydrogen peroxide gas
- the exposure of a subject to a PHPG containing environment may be described as a "dose of PHPG".
- a dose may be defined in "units" of PHPG equivalent to the concentration of PHPG in ppm multiplied by the number of hours a subject is exposed to the PHPG containing environment.
- the dose of PHPG to a subject exposed to an environment having 0.01 ppm PHPG for 1 hour is 0.01 units of PHPG.
- a subject exposed to an environment comprising 0.5 ppm PHPG for 5 hours receives an effective dose of 2.5 units of PHPG.
- a subject is exposed to an environment having a PHPG concentration of at least 0.01 ppm for at least 0.5 hours
- the subject is exposed to PHPG at a dose of at least 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 5.0, or at least 10.0 per day. In some aspects, the subject is exposed up to a maximum dose of 24 units of PHPG per day.
- the methods for improving the health of a subject including prophylaxis, mitigation, or treatment of a medical condition include exposing the subject to a dose of PHPG between about 0.02 and about 0.06 units of PHPG per day.
- the subject is exposed to the minimum dose of PHPG on a daily basis. In other aspects the subject is exposed to the minimum dose of PHPG at least twice per week. In another aspect, the subject is exposed to PHPG at least 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 times per week. In some aspects, the subject is exposed to PHPG more than once per day. [00122] In an aspect according to the present disclosure, the subject is exposed to the minimum dose of PHPG at least 5 times per month. In another aspect, the subject is exposed to PHPG at least 10, 15, 20, or 25 times per month. In one aspect, the subject is exposed to the minimum dose of PHPG Monday through Friday at least once, twice, or 3 times per month.
- the subject is exposed to an environment having a PHPG concentration of at least 0.02 ppm, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.1 , at least 0.2, or at least 0.5 ppm for at least 0.5 hours. In other aspects, the subject is exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the amount of PHPG may vary from about 0.005 ppm to about 0.10 ppm, more particularly from about 0.02 ppm to about 0.05 ppm, in the environment. In certain aspects, the amount of PHPG may vary from about 0.005 ppm to about 0.40 ppm. PHPG levels of 0.2 ppm using a feed of untreated air containing absolute humidity as low as 3.5 mg/L can consistently be achieved. More particularly, PHPG levels from about 0.09 ppm to about 0.13 ppm using humid re-circulated air can be produced in the environment to be treated.
- the humidity of the ambient air is preferably above about 1% relative humidity (RH), above about 5% RH, above about 10% RH, etc. In certain aspects, the humidity of the ambient air may be between about 10% and about 99% RH. In one aspect, the method of the present disclosure includes regulating the humidity of the ambient air within the range of about 5% to about 99% RH, or about 10% to about 99% RH.
- Sinusitis may be caused by bacteria (e.g., streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, Haemophilus influenza), viruses (e.g., rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus), or fungi (e.g., Aspergillus, Dematiaceae, Mucoraceae, Penicillium sp.).
- bacteria e.g., streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, Haemophilus influenza
- viruses e.g., rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus
- fungi e.g., Aspergillus, Dematiaceae, Mucoraceae, Penicillium sp.
- a method for treating sinusitus comprising exposing a subject to a PHPG environment for a period of time.
- a subject having sinusitis inhabits a PHPG environment having at least 0.01 ppm PHPG for at least an average of four hours per day.
- PHPG is provided at a concentration of at least 0.05 ppm.
- a subject may have acute sinusitis, subacute sinusitis, chronic sinusitis or recurrent sinusitis.
- the underlying cause of the sinusitis in the subject need not be known to benefit from treatment with PHPG.
- the sinusitis may be caused by a fungus, a bacteria, a virus or an allergen.
- Bacteria are the most common infectious agents in sinusitis and bacterial sinusitis is treatable using the methods of the present disclosure.
- the bacteria most commonly implicated in sinusitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae (also called pneumococcal pneumonia or pneumococci), Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Each are treatable according to the methods of the present disclosure.
- Less common bacterial culprits include other streptococcal strains (including Group A Streptococcus) and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, coagulase-negative staphylococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and enteric bacilli can be found in chronic sinusitis and are treatable by exposure of a subject to a PHPG containing environment.
- sinusitis treatable by the present methods may be caused by fungus.
- a subject in need of treatment for sinusitis caused by a fungus may have additional underlying conditions including subjects with diabetes, leukemia, AIDS, or other conditions that impair the immune system. Less commonly, fungal infections can also occur in patients with healthy immune systems. Subjects having fungal sinusitis due to allergic-type reactions are also treatable using the methods of the present disclosure.
- a fungal sinusitis treatable by the present methods may originate from the classes Zygomycetes (Mucor spp.) and Ascomycetes (Aspergillus spp.).
- fungal sinusitis treatable by exposure to a PHPG containing environment may be Aspergillis, the most common cause of fungal sinusitis.
- the fungal sinusitis may be caused by Curvularia, Bipolaris, Exserohilum, or Mucormycosis.
- the present methods provide for the treatment of three major types of fungus— Penicillum, Stachybotrys, and Aspergillus— that pose particular threats to human health and are the most predominant fungi found in air sampling.
- providing a PHPG containing environment also reduces, mitigates or eliminates the fungal spores and hyphae.
- a subject exposed to a fungus benefits from PHPG even where the exposure occurs in an untreated environment.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes methods of treating laboratory animals by exposing the laboratory animals to a PHPG containing environment.
- a PHPG containing environment There are presently at least 1300 research facilities and 223 federal agencies registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that use registered laboratory animals.
- USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for treating laboratory animals comprising providing purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million (ppm), and exposing the laboratory animals to the environment for one or more periods of time.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be at least 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be at least 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or at least 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- laboratory animals may be treated continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- laboratory animals may be treated with PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a laboratory animal may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- a laboratory animal may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, or at least 7.0 ppm PHPG for at least 8 hours.
- a laboratory animal may be continuously treated at low levels of PHPG and provided high levels of PHPG when infection is identified or when an infection has been introduced into a facility.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for managing a condition affecting the lungs of a subject comprising generating a purified hydrogen peroxide gas (PHPG) that is free of hydration and ozone to an environment wherein the environment accumulates the PHPG at a final concentration of at least 0.01 parts per million, and exposing the subject to the PHPG containing environment for a period of time.
- the condition is selected from the group consisting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, an allergy, asthma, prematurity, and cystic fibrosis.
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for managing
- COPD comprising exposing a subject to an environment having a PHPG concentration of at least 0.01 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be at least 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be at least 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or at least 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- COPD may be managed by exposing a subject continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the subject may be exposed to PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a subject may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the subject may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, or at least 7.0 ppm PHPG for at least 8 hours.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for managing pneumonia comprising exposing a subject to an environment having a PHPG concentration of at least 0.02 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be at least 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be at least 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or at least 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- pneumonia may be managed by exposing a subject continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the subject may be exposed to PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a subject may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the subject may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, or at least 7.0 ppm PHPG for at least 8 hours.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for managing an allergy comprising exposing a subject to an environment having a PHPG concentration of at least 0.02 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be at least 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be at least 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or at least 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- an allergy may be managed by exposing a subject continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the subject may be exposed to PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a subject may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the subject may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, or at least 7.0 ppm PHPG for at least 8 hours.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for managing asthma comprising exposing a subject to an environment having a PHPG concentration of at least 0.02 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be at least 0.2 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be at least 0.25 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or at least 0.5 ppm.
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 ppm.
- PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm.
- the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- asthma may be managed by exposing a subject continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the subject may be exposed to PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a subject may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the subject may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, or at least 7.0 ppm PHPG for at least 8 hours.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for managing a pulmonary condition associated with prematurity comprising exposing a subject to an environment having a PHPG concentration of at least 0.02 ppm.
- methods for managing a pulmonary condition associated with prematurity comprising exposing a subject to an environment having a PHPG concentration of at least 0.02 ppm.
- concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm. In an aspect, the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm. In another aspect, PHPG concentration may be at least 0.2 ppm. In yet another aspect, the PHPG concentration may be at least 0.25 ppm. In an aspect, the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or at least 0.5 ppm. In an aspect, the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 ppm. In another aspect, PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm. In yet another aspect, the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- a pulmonary condition associated with prematurity may be managed by exposing a subject continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the subject may be exposed to PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a subject may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the subject may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, or at least 7.0 ppm PHPG for at least 8 hours.
- the present disclosure provides for, and includes, methods for managing cystic fibrosis comprising exposing a subject to an environment having a PHPG
- the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.05 ppm. In an aspect, the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.1 ppm. In another aspect, PHPG concentration may be at least 0.2 ppm. In yet another aspect, the PHPG concentration may be at least 0.25 ppm. In an aspect, the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.4 ppm or at least 0.5 ppm. In an aspect, the concentration of PHPG may be at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 ppm. In another aspect, PHPG concentration may be up to 1.0 ppm. In yet another aspect, the PHPG concentration may be between 0.1 and 7.0 ppm.
- cystic fibrosis may be managed by exposing a subject continuously in a facility with levels of PHPG ranging between 0.01 and 7.0 ppm.
- the subject may be exposed to PHPG ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 ppm for less than a full day.
- a subject may be exposed to these PHPG concentrations for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least 8 hours per day.
- the subject may be exposed to an environment comprising at least 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, or at least 7.0 ppm PHPG for at least 8 hours.
- the length of exposure to PHPG and the total number of exposures to PHPG in the methods described above may be varied to achieve the same or improved effect.
- a skilled artisan can determine without undue experimentation whether higher concentrations of PHPG or longer exposure periods to PHPG result in further improvement.
- the length of exposure may be greater than 0.5 hours or less than 24 hours per day.
- the length of exposure may be at least 4 hours or at least 8 hours in a day.
- Example 1 Four Families Using PHPG Technology in Their Homes.
- PHPG technology was deployed in the homes of four subject families having a total ofl3 members including four children between the ages of birth and six. Over a period of three years, none of the subjects contracted cold, flu, or other respiratory illness while using PHPG technology, despite extensive and regular exposures at work, in public venues, and in day care and school environments. It is estimated that the period of exposure ranged from about 8 hours daily to about 24 hours at a PHPG level of at least about 0.2 ppm.
- Example 2 Major League Baseball Team Spring Training.
- PHPG technology was installed in the Florida facilities of a major league baseball team in January, 2014. Each year for spring training and tryouts over 300 veteran and prospective players are brought to Florida for training beginning in January. Players converge from all corners of the US, and from other countries including those with limited modern healthcare and sanitation. Accordingly, these diverse players bring various illnesses from their points of origin, which in previous years spread through the player population. Historically, two to five players miss three to four days of training per week over a ten week period. During the 2014 training and tryout period, with exposure to the PHPG containing environment, only one player missed one training day due to illness during spring training.
- Example 3 Individual with History of Mustard Agent Exposure.
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- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
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- Immunology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
- Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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AU2014308878B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
SG10201912604XA (en) | 2020-02-27 |
JP2020151500A (en) | 2020-09-24 |
CA2921955C (en) | 2023-04-18 |
RU2016109797A3 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
MX2016002268A (en) | 2017-01-26 |
US11980639B2 (en) | 2024-05-14 |
CA2921955A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
EP3035971B1 (en) | 2022-03-23 |
BR112016003356A8 (en) | 2020-02-04 |
AU2014308878A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
JP2016537144A (en) | 2016-12-01 |
SG11201601053WA (en) | 2016-03-30 |
RU2020110707A (en) | 2020-06-29 |
CN105813659A (en) | 2016-07-27 |
US20160193248A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
BR112016003356B1 (en) | 2020-09-01 |
EP3035971A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
US11426428B2 (en) | 2022-08-30 |
AU2018253547B2 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
RU2016109797A (en) | 2017-09-26 |
AU2018253547A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
US20220184118A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
ES2913084T3 (en) | 2022-05-31 |
MX2022001880A (en) | 2022-03-11 |
IL244156A0 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
PT3035971T (en) | 2022-06-14 |
US20190336526A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
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