WO2015024915A1 - Sensorbaueinheit - Google Patents
Sensorbaueinheit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015024915A1 WO2015024915A1 PCT/EP2014/067599 EP2014067599W WO2015024915A1 WO 2015024915 A1 WO2015024915 A1 WO 2015024915A1 EP 2014067599 W EP2014067599 W EP 2014067599W WO 2015024915 A1 WO2015024915 A1 WO 2015024915A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- optical
- substrate
- integrated
- waveguide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
- G01R15/241—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using electro-optical modulators, e.g. electro-absorption
- G01R15/242—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using electro-optical modulators, e.g. electro-absorption based on the Pockels effect, i.e. linear electro-optic effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
- G01R15/245—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
- G01R15/246—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect based on the Faraday, i.e. linear magneto-optic, effect
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor assembly with the preamble of claim 1.
- EP 0 477 415 B1 discloses such a sensor assembly which has an optical sensor element for measuring the electric current using the Faraday effect.
- a trained in a substrate optical waveguide is circumferentially guided around a central recess. Through the central recess of the conductor is performed, through which flows the current to be measured.
- optical sensors for monitoring, for example, electrical or other devices
- a variable to be measured such as, for example, the electrical current, the electrical voltage, or even an ambient temperature influences the propagation of light within a specially designed sensor element and generates a characteristic response signal.
- a voltage sensor based on the so-called Pockels effect is also known.
- the influence of a temperature can be determined by means of a Bragg grating.
- US Pat. No. 5,545,080 B1 likewise discloses a sensor arrangement with a plurality of optical sensors.
- the specially suitable crystals are used with a suitable thickness, which are connected by fiber optics.
- DE 101 40 482 A1 discloses an optical sensor device, in which a compensation element, in particular in the form of a Bragg grating, is assigned to the actual optical sensor element, for example a current sensor.
- An input measurement signal is influenced by the compensation element as a function of an external disturbance, such as temperature or vibration.
- the measuring signal influenced in this way then passes through the actual sensor, so that the externally acting disturbance variable for the actual effect to be measured is compensated.
- the known optical sensor arrangements often have a complex and complex structure.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved sensor module.
- the sensor assembly comprises a sensor element with a substrate, in which at least one optical component for forming a first optical sensor is integrated, which is designed for measuring an electrical variable, in particular of the electrical current.
- at least one integrated optical component is at least one integrated measuring waveguide, which serves to form the integrated optical sensor, which is thus designed to measure an electrical variable.
- Measuring waveguide is understood to mean in particular that the particular electrical variable to be measured in the region of the measuring waveguide influences the propagation of an optical sensor signal fed into the waveguide.
- integrated optical component is understood in the present case that the component is embedded in the substrate.
- Under integrated is also understood when a non-fiber optic component to the substrate directly, so without the interposition of an optical fiber, is directly coupled by a suitable bonding method.
- the components, in particular measuring waveguide are formed by a modification of the substrate itself, expediently onsrea by a known ion diffusion process.
- At least one and preferably a plurality of further optical components are integrated, which are designed to form at least one further integrated optical sensor.
- These further optical components are expediently further waveguides, in particular measuring waveguides, which serve to measure a further, generally physical size.
- An integrated optical sensor is generally understood to mean that at least some components required for the functionality of the sensor are directly integrated into the substrate. Conveniently, all components required for the functioning of the sensor are integrated into the substrate. Overall, all components required for the individual optical sensors are preferably part of the one common sensor element.
- the integrated optical sensors are selected from an optical current sensor based on the Faraday effect for measuring an electrical current in a current-carrying conductor. Such a measuring principle can be taken, for example, from the aforementioned EP 0 477 415 B1. Furthermore, alternatively or in combination, an optical voltage sensor, an optical strain sensor and a wavelength sensor are integrated.
- the optical Voltage sensor is formed on the basis of Pockels- effect for measuring an electrical voltage, the optical strain sensor for measuring a particular thermal expansion and the wavelength sensor for measuring an optical wavelength of the injected sensor signal.
- the optical voltage measurement based on the Pockels effect is basically also known and is based on the use of special birefringent crystals in which the birefringence changes when an electric field occurs. This change is typically linearly proportional to the electric field.
- the optical strain sensor is based on the effect of an optical path length change caused by an expansion of the substrate, which is detected appropriately. Due to the direct integration of the waveguide
- the wavelength sensor is based on the integration of a wavelength-sensitive component into the substrate, for example a grating whose grating period is tuned to a defined wavelength of the fed-in sensor signal, so that it can be detected with a variation of the wavelength.
- a wavelength-sensitive component for example a grating whose grating period is tuned to a defined wavelength of the fed-in sensor signal, so that it can be detected with a variation of the wavelength.
- a sensor signal is coupled into the substrate in a suitable manner, which is changed by the influence of the variable to be measured by the respective integrated optical component of the respective sensor to the size to be measured and an optical response signal generated thereby by means of an evaluation evaluated.
- the quantity to be measured is electrical current, electrical voltage, temperature or also the wavelength of the measuring signal.
- the response signal is generally decoupled from the sensor element and transmitted to the evaluation unit. telt.
- the evaluation unit expediently also predefines the supplied sensor signal.
- Sensor signal and response signal are preferably transmitted between the sensor element and the evaluation fiber optic. A corresponding optical transmission fiber is therefore coupled to the carrier for coupling and / or decoupling the sensor signal or the response signal.
- the coupling and decoupling points in or out of the sensor element for the sensor and response signal are arranged according to a first embodiment at different positions and according to a second embodiment at the identical same position, so that in the second variant, only one fiber both is provided for the supply of the sensor signal as well as for the return of the response signal.
- response signals which are inherent to the sensor module and characterize quasi properties or changes of the module and thus of the measuring structure, are used for the evaluation of the response signals of the optical sensors for measuring the electrical quantities. Since the accurate knowledge of the wavelength used as well as the optical path length and thus the phase relationships is of crucial importance, a sensor assembly is provided by this integrated-optical structure, which for a reliable, and effective and accurate measurement, for example of current and / or voltage values is particularly suitable.
- an evaluation unit which determines the optical response signals of the current sensor and / or voltage sensor as a function of the optical response signals of the strain sensor and / or of the wavelength sensor.
- a measuring waveguide is preferably also used simultaneously for a plurality of different sensors. Therefore, different measured variables are determined via a common measuring waveguide. As a result, the production cost is reduced.
- an integrated optical waveguide is divided by an integrated distributor, in particular an integrated Y distributor, onto a plurality of measuring waveguides. As a result, it is therefore possible to use this in parallel with several integrated sensors with only one sensor signal fed in.
- the optical strain sensor expediently forms a Michelson interferometer and for this purpose has two measuring waveguides integrated into the substrate, which are referred to as waveguide arms.
- the two waveguide arms have different optical path lengths for the formation of the Michelson interferometer. A delay difference of the split optical input sensor signal is evaluated.
- the waveguide arms are expediently bent and in particular have different bending radii. Due to the curved configuration, the basic geometry of the configuration of the current sensor is recorded, in which basically a measuring waveguide is (partially) circular.
- one of the shaft arms is also formed at the same time by a measuring waveguide for one of the further sensors, in particular for the current sensor.
- the waveguide arm therefore has a dual function for detecting two different sizes. It is particularly advantageous if the evaluated response signal of the strain sensor is used for the evaluation of the response signal of the current sensor. Since there is at least a partial identity of the measuring waveguide, therefore, the properties of this measuring waveguide flow directly into the evaluation of the response signal for the current sensor.
- the wavelength sensor expediently has a Bragg grating and / or a resonator ring or a directional coupler for detecting changes in the wavelength of the sensor signal fed in.
- optical sensors are preferably integrated on a common wafer. So they do not consist of different individual composite substrate parts. In particular, they are integrated on a common example 6-inch wafer. The integration on a common wafer ensures that the substrate as a whole is as homogeneous as possible.
- At least one part, preferably at least a majority or even all of the optical components of the sensors are formed as components integrated in the wafer.
- the optical components are formed by special preparation of the wafer on this itself.
- the substrate used for the wafer is preferably a glass, in particular a suitable special glass used, as for example from the
- EP 0 477 415 A1 can be seen.
- a special glass marketed by Schott is called BGG 31.
- the substrate typically has a thickness in the range of a few millimeters, for example 1 to 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm and in particular 1.5 mm.
- This glass expediently has no or at most a slight birefringence. This is especially important for reliable operation of the sensors used.
- this is virtually aftertreated specifically for the formation of optical components with birefringence in subregions of the substrate. In some areas, therefore, a birefringent function in the substrate integrated. In particular, this serves to form quarter-wave components.
- the integrated optical components are preferably introduced into the substrate by means of an ion exchange process.
- This ion exchange process is very gentle compared to other structuring processes and, for example, does not lead to stresses in the substrate which could lead to undesired birefringence.
- the integrated optical components can be present in various embodiments, for example as optical waveguides both in straight and in curved form, as polarization-changing optical elements, such as the aforementioned quarter-wave element.
- the integrated optical components can be designed as coupling points for coupling and decoupling light, as a mirrored surface, as end surfaces and / or as an optical grating. All of these components are produced, in particular, by a targeted ion diffusion process and / or by further lithographic processes.
- Such a supplementary lithographic process is e.g. the etching technique in which the desired structures are introduced by an etching process - either wet-chemically or dry, for example, by a reactive ion etching.
- the formed structure is preferably treated with a suitable coating method.
- a trench formed by etching is generated directly above the introduced waveguide, wherein the trench has a defined length and depth.
- This trench is preferably still provided with an optical coating to produce the desired quarter-wave effect.
- the optical grating In the formation of the optical grating this is preferably also produced by etching (wet-chemical or dry), optionally in turn with a optical coating.
- etching wet-chemical or dry
- the grating period can be accurately controlled.
- the quarter-wave element can be realized as a piece of fiber or as a crystal plate, which directly - like a ferrule - can be attached to the waveguide.
- the optical voltage sensor has the following sequence and preferably consists of this sequence: A coupling site for a polarization-maintaining fiber (PM-fiber), a quarter-wave optical element, in particular formed by a specially prepared, integrated waveguide section, and a measuring waveguide, the is integrated in a suitable for the Pockels effect birefringent substrate.
- this measuring waveguide is mirrored end.
- This birefringent substrate in particular a suitable crystal, is expediently coupled to the (basic) substrate via a suitable further coupling site.
- the crystal is coupled with one end side via a suitable bonding method to a flat side surface of the substrate, so that a common carrier with two different substrates, namely a birefringent and a non-birefringent is formed.
- the planar coupling sites on the substrate and on the crystal are usually polished and attached to one another, for example, by an adhesive film.
- the integrated waveguides have already been formed in the substrate and in the crystal.
- an optical signal is then fed into the waveguide.
- the positioning of the two components relative to each other takes place by evaluation of the signal transmitted from one to the other component.
- a structure is provided in which the light from the waveguide integrated in the substrate is preferably connected via a quarter-wave element and an optical lens, in particular a so-called GRIN lens the birefringent crystal is coupled.
- this end is again mirrored and the reflected optical signal is coupled as a response signal on the way back via the lens and via the quarter-wave element in the integrated waveguide in the substrate.
- the signal is collimated via the optical lens and coupled into the crystal.
- the optical lens is preferably coupled directly to the substrate of the wafer by a bonding method, without the interposition of a fiber optic component.
- a so-called free-space structure is possible in which the lens and the crystal are connected to the substrate via a fiber-optic component.
- a lithium niobate crystal is used for the birefringent substrate.
- other voltage-birefringent crystals can also be used, in particular ADP
- the voltage sensor is based on the well-known Pockels effect.
- the current sensor generally uses the so-called Faraday effect in a manner known per se. It preferably has or consists of the following sequence: A coupling site for a polarization-maintaining fiber, a preferably integrated quarter-wave optical element, a curved waveguide integrated in the substrate, and preferably a mirrored end face of the waveguide.
- the substrate additionally has a central, preferably circular recess, through which the current-carrying electrical conductor to be measured is carried out. This is sufficient if the curved waveguide partially encloses the current conductor, for example semicircular, and the substrate accordingly also defines only a semicircular ring.
- the substrate is generally formed as a circular ring segment. The outer contour becomes, for example taken from the original wafer. This can basically be rectangular.
- the strain sensor which is designed in particular as a Michelson interferometer (in short also referred to as a Michelson sensor), is used in particular for determining the thermal expansion and preferably comprises a combination of two curved waveguides which have different radii with respect to the wafer center and which extend in terms of length with different magnitudes.
- the strain or temperature sensor designed as a Michelson interferometer uses a waveguide of another sensor, in particular of the current sensor.
- the current sensor uses a waveguide of another sensor, in particular of the current sensor.
- an additional waveguide path is guided in particular concentrically to the waveguide path of the current sensor and coupled to an additional fiber, in particular a single-mode fiber (single mode, SM fiber).
- an additional fiber in particular a single-mode fiber (single mode, SM fiber).
- At least one branching element is preferably integrated on the substrate, which connects the additional waveguide path to the waveguide path of the other sensor (current sensor), preferably subsequently to the lambda-quarter element.
- the quarter-wave element may generally be formed as a defined piece of optical fiber, as a defined small crystal plate (birefringent), and in a preferred embodiment as an integrated optical waveguide with birefringent function on the substrate.
- the strain sensor which is designed in particular as a Bragg sensor, can be used to determine the thermal expansion and preferably comprises a coupling point for a particularly monomodal optical fiber and an optical waveguide integrated into the substrate, into which an upper surface grid is introduced with a defined grating period, in particular by an ion diffusion process.
- the surface grating is designed such that it leads to a back reflection of a selected wavelength, which depends on the grating period of the surface grating.
- Resonator ring or directional coupler is used.
- the sensor module is used in particular for measuring the electrical variables such as current and / or voltage in a power plant, in particular a power distribution plant.
- the module is preferably used in a medium-voltage system in which currents in the range of up to a few hundred amperes are switched and voltages in the range of a few kilovolts or even a few tens of kilovolts are applied. With the sensor assembly, such currents or voltages are measured.
- FIGS. show each in schematic representations:
- FIG. 1 shows a sensor assembly with a carrier as a sensor-active element which is connected to a fiber optic evaluation unit
- Fig. 4 shows a first embodiment of the optical components of a
- Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment for the optical components of a voltage sensor.
- functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.
- a sensor assembly 2 according to FIG. 1 comprises a common evaluation unit 4, which are connected to a sensor element 8 via a plurality of optical fibers 6, in the exemplary embodiment three optical fibers 6. Each optical fiber is assigned a separate channel of the evaluation unit 4.
- the individual optical fibers 6 are connected to coupling elements 10 with the sensor element 8 by means of coupling elements. In particular, they are coupled to the sensor unit with the aid of so-called ferrules.
- the ferrules are typically metal tubes into which the optical fiber 6 concentrically rests, in particular is glued.
- the sensor element 8 has a substrate 12 as a carrier and preferably consists entirely of this carrier substrate, at least several sensors 14A, B, C are integrated into the substrate 12.
- the sensor element 8 or the substrate 12 is in particular glass.
- the different optical sensors 14A, B, C are integrated. These are used to measure different quantities.
- the evaluation unit 4 for each channel an optical sensor signal S via a respective optical fiber 6A, B, C in a respective measuring waveguide 16A, B, C is coupled.
- the sensor signals may be different or even the same sensor signals.
- the evaluation unit preferably has different light sources for generating the respective optical sensor signal.
- a light source for several channels can be provided in common.
- a sensor signal is usually a pulsed light signal, for example, with a frequency in MHz range used.
- the light source used is preferably a laser diode which generates a sensor signal S having a wavelength in the IR range (from about 800 nm to 1700 nm), in particular in the range of about 830 nm.
- the individual measuring waveguides 1 6A, B, C are designed differently from each other and influence the fed sensor signal S in different ways.
- the sensor signals S are each thrown back and transmitted via the same optical path again as a response signal A of the evaluation unit 4 back.
- the evaluation of the various response signals A of the individual sensors 14A, B, C takes place.
- Each sensor 14A, B, C is therefore assigned a separate evaluation channel.
- the substrate 12 is a circular segment, in particular, which preferably extends at least approximately over 180 ° and, in the exemplary embodiment, extends over approximately 270 ° to 300 °, for example.
- the substrate 12 is therefore formed around a central recess 18 in the manner of a circular ring.
- the substrate 12 is formed of a wafer, which in particular has a diameter of 6 inches.
- at least the first and the second measuring waveguides 16A, 16B extend in a circular ring. They have a waveguide radius in the range of several 10 millimeters and, for example, a maximum of 70 mm.
- the maximum inner radius of the central recess 18 is for example 50 to 60 mm.
- the two measuring waveguides 16A, 16B in particular run concentrically to a common circle center.
- the optical path length, in particular of the first and second measuring waveguides 6A, 16B, is several 100 millimeters, and for example up to about 450 to 500 mm.
- the sensor element 8 is formed with an integrated optical current sensor 14A and with an integrated optical strain sensor 16B.
- the strain sensor is used in particular to measure a thermal expansion of the sensor element 8 itself and is designed in particular in the manner of a Michelson interferometer.
- the strain sensor on two waveguide arms 21 A, 21 B, by the second Measuring waveguide 1 6B and in sections by the first measuring waveguide 1 6A are formed.
- the first measuring waveguide 16A serves to form the current sensor 14A.
- the sensor signal S is coupled via a first coupling point 10A in the first measuring waveguide 1 6A and another or the same sensor signal S via a second coupling point 10B in the second measuring waveguide 1 6B.
- the coupling points are formed for example as so-called ferrules.
- an end face 22 of the substrate 12 is suitably prepared to form a mirror 24.
- a polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber 6A is preferably coupled to the substrate 12 at the circular waveguide 16A via the coupling site 10A formed as a ferrule as the optical fiber 6.
- a quarter-wave element 26 is formed in the substrate 12A, in particular by the integration of a suitable birefringent waveguide section. Except for these special subregions, which are birefringent by special processing, namely by ion diffusion, the substrate 12 is free from birefringence, which is desirable and necessary for the desired sensory properties, in particular for the current sensor 14A.
- the coupled-in sensor signal S that is, the injected light
- the reflected and reflected light is then in turn converted by the quarter-wave element 26 into linearly polarized light, like the coupled-in sensor signal S.
- a not shown here live conductor is guided through the central recess 18. The current measurement is based on the Faraday effect known per se, in which the light passing through the current-carrying conductor influences the light propagating in the first measuring waveguide 16A in a defined manner, which is evaluated later by evaluating the response signal A in the evaluation unit 4 to determine a current value becomes.
- the current sensor 14A is formed.
- the strain sensor 16B is formed with the Michelson interferometer with two waveguide arms 21A, B.
- the strain sensor 14B does not share a measuring waveguide 16A with another sensor 14A.
- the coupling of the sensor signals S is also effected at different positions of the substrate 12.
- a notch 28 is provided in the substrate 12 in particular.
- a further notch 28 is formed, on which in turn, for example, by a coating of the end surface 22, a mirror 24 is formed.
- a voltage sensor 14C is additionally formed. This includes - as well as the current sensor 14A - a coupling point 10C, in which by means of a ferrule also a preferably polarization-maintaining fiber 6C is coupled.
- Lamda quarter element 26 is still an integrated waveguide section follows, which is then continued as a third measuring waveguide 1 6C in a birefringent crystal 30 as a further substrate.
- a mirror 24 is again formed on the front end side of the crystal 30 so that the fed-in sensor signal S is reflected back after passing through the crystal 30 and leaves the sensor element 8 as a response signal.
- a fourth optical sensor 14D is integrated, which is designed as a wavelength sensor and which is sensitive to the wavelength of the sensor signal S fed in.
- the wavelength sensor has a fourth measuring waveguide 1 6D as well as in addition, a Bragg grating 32. Both components, at least the fourth measuring waveguide 16D, are introduced into the substrate 12 by an ion diffusion process, possibly in addition to further lithographic processes.
- the Bragg grating 32 is formed by an etching process with subsequent coating.
- the sensor signal S is - similarly as in the strain sensor 14B - coupled via a preferably single-mode fiber 6D and a ferrule as coupling point 6D.
- the sensor signal S is preferably the same sensor signal S as used for the current sensor 14A or the voltage sensor 14C.
- a wavelength drift of the injected sensor signal can be detected.
- the construction of the voltage sensor 14C according to FIG. 3 is shown again in FIG. 4 with its essential optical components. It can be seen that the polarization-maintaining fiber 6C is coupled to the substrate 12 via the coupling point 10C and is continued in the substrate 12 in an integrated waveguide section formed by ion diffusion. This is followed by the quarter-wave element 26, which in turn is coupled by a further coupling point with the crystal 30, in which then the measuring waveguide 16C is preferably again formed by an ion diffusion process as an integrated waveguide.
- the crystal 30 is in this case coupled to the substrate 12 by a per se known bonding method.
- a so-called open-space optical variant is shown, in which, in contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the lambda-quarter element 26 is first followed by an optical lens, in particular a so-called GRIN lens 34, via which the sensor signal S, so the injected light, collimated and coupled into the crystal 30.
- an optical lens in particular a so-called GRIN lens 34
- GRIN lens 34 via which the sensor signal S, so the injected light, collimated and coupled into the crystal 30.
- a further coupling point is formed between the GRIN lens 34 and the crystal 30, in particular by means of a suitable bonding method.
- a mirror 24 is also formed here at the end of the crystal 30.
- the GRIN lens 32 is also coupled according to a first variant also directly to the substrate 12 by a bonding method.
- an optical fiber may be inter-coupled, so that the crystal 30 may be positioned remotely from the substrate 12.
- the sensor element 8 Emphasizing in the case of the sensor element 8 is in particular the integration of a plurality of optical sensors 14, B, C, D within the common sensor element 8, so that a plurality of different variables can be detected metrologically with a uniform structural unit. Furthermore, it is of particular advantage that inherent properties of the sensor element 8, namely, for example, an elongation, is detected directly by the strain sensor 14C. Therefore, the state of the sensor element 8 is detected directly and used in the evaluation unit 4 for the evaluation of the response signals A of the further optical sensors, in particular of the current sensor 14A and of the voltage sensor 14C.
- the response signal A of the wavelength sensor 1 6D is used for the evaluation of the further response signals A.
- the light source used for the generation of the sensor signal S has a sufficient constancy or whether possibly the wavelength varies, ie a wavelength drift occurs. If such a drift is detected, this is taken into account for the evaluation of the other response signals A.
- the wavelength sensor 16D can be used in parallel by the use of the Bragg grating 32 as a strain sensor for determining the thermal expansion. For the determination of the elongation, it is therefore possible to use both such a grating 32 and the described Michelson interferometer principle.
- the grating 32 is introduced into the surface of the substrate 12 with a suitable grating period by an ion diffusion process and / or by a further lithographic process.
- the grating 32 is designed in such a way that a back reflection of a selected wavelength occurs.
- changes in the optical path can be determined, for example as a result of thermal changes in length.
- a wavelength drift detect for detecting a wavelength drift of an optical light source used, a wavelength sensor, for example a resonator ring or a directional coupler, may additionally or alternatively be used.
- the measurement principle according to the Michelson interferometer is preferred because the evaluation of a simple intensity modulation is sufficient for this purpose, which is simpler with respect to an otherwise required spectrometer in the Bragg sensor.
- 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D are optical sensors
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112014003851.2T DE112014003851B4 (de) | 2013-08-22 | 2014-08-18 | Sensorbaueinheit |
| US15/049,346 US10209278B2 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2016-02-22 | Sensor unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013216722.9 | 2013-08-22 | ||
| DE102013216722 | 2013-08-22 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/049,346 Continuation US10209278B2 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2016-02-22 | Sensor unit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015024915A1 true WO2015024915A1 (de) | 2015-02-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2014/067599 Ceased WO2015024915A1 (de) | 2013-08-22 | 2014-08-18 | Sensorbaueinheit |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10209278B2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112014003851B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2015024915A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP3724668B1 (de) * | 2017-12-11 | 2024-05-15 | Micatu Inc. | Elektrische felderkennungsvorrichtung und verwendungsverfahren dafür |
| DE102020210949A1 (de) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-03 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Lichtleiter für einen magnetooptischen Stromsensor |
| CN113341518B (zh) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-11-11 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | 一种用于光纤电流互感器的传感光缆 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5053617A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1991-10-01 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Instrument for concurrently optically measuring thermal and electric quantities |
| EP0477415A1 (de) | 1990-09-28 | 1992-04-01 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Optischer Stromwandler |
| US5545080A (en) | 1995-02-16 | 1996-08-13 | Porter-Cable Corporation | Motorized sander having a sanding head mounted by a pivotal joint |
| DE10140482A1 (de) | 2001-08-17 | 2003-03-13 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Störgrößenkompensation eines optischen Sensors |
| US20040024937A1 (en) | 2002-04-15 | 2004-02-05 | Airak, Inc. | Power inverter with optical isolation |
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| JP3144928B2 (ja) * | 1991-12-19 | 2001-03-12 | 株式会社東芝 | 光センサ |
| US5731579A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1998-03-24 | Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company | Electro-optical voltage sensor head |
| JP3519333B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-10 | 2004-04-12 | エヌ・ティ・ティ・アドバンステクノロジ株式会社 | 光ファイバセンサ |
| US6603559B2 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2003-08-05 | Yuan Ze University | Silicon-on-insulator optical waveguide Michelson interferometer sensor for temperature monitoring |
| JP2004093257A (ja) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-25 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | 光センサユニット |
| WO2004055528A2 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-07-01 | Accent Optical Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for electrical characterization of semiconductors |
| US20060285813A1 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-21 | Ferguson Stephen K | Fiber anchoring method for optical sensors |
| EP2163906B1 (de) * | 2008-09-16 | 2014-02-26 | Mitutoyo Corporation | Verfahren zur Bewegungserkennung einer Messsonde und Messinstrument |
| WO2011050455A1 (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-05-05 | Lensvector Inc. | Method and apparatus for testing operation of an optical liquid crystal device, and manufacturing of device |
| US8476918B2 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2013-07-02 | Tsmc Solid State Lighting Ltd. | Apparatus and method for wafer level classification of light emitting device |
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| US5545080A (en) | 1995-02-16 | 1996-08-13 | Porter-Cable Corporation | Motorized sander having a sanding head mounted by a pivotal joint |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20160169942A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
| US10209278B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 |
| DE112014003851B4 (de) | 2020-12-24 |
| DE112014003851A5 (de) | 2016-05-19 |
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