WO2015016427A1 - Circuit de chargement de batterie secondaire faisant appel à un régulateur linéaire - Google Patents

Circuit de chargement de batterie secondaire faisant appel à un régulateur linéaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015016427A1
WO2015016427A1 PCT/KR2013/009893 KR2013009893W WO2015016427A1 WO 2015016427 A1 WO2015016427 A1 WO 2015016427A1 KR 2013009893 W KR2013009893 W KR 2013009893W WO 2015016427 A1 WO2015016427 A1 WO 2015016427A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
unit
mode
transistor
linear regulator
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Application number
PCT/KR2013/009893
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
박시홍
김준식
진기웅
Original Assignee
단국대학교 산학협력단
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Publication of WO2015016427A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015016427A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/02—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a secondary battery charging circuit, and more particularly, to a secondary battery charging circuit using a switching method and a linear regulator method and a charging method for driving the same.
  • the secondary battery has a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and lithium ions are reversibly transferred between the two electrodes.
  • Secondary batteries have many advantages, such as high energy density, high operating voltage and excellent retention and life characteristics.
  • the charging operation of the secondary battery is to apply electrons to the negative electrode, and is usually performed by applying a DC component controlled by a constant voltage to the electrode and supplying electrons due to the current caused by the difference between the applied voltage and the battery internal voltage.
  • Applied voltage is defined per cell (denoted C), which is the nominal unit of the battery.
  • C the nominal unit of the battery.
  • the lithium ion battery and lithium polymer battery for mobile phones should be applied with a strictly limited constant voltage of 4.2V per cell (rated 3.6V). When 4.5 V or more is applied per unit cell, the electrolyte is decomposed to generate gas, leakage occurs, and there is a risk of explosion.
  • the secondary battery is provided with a protection circuit in order to set a voltage range for stable charging and discharging.
  • the protection circuit has a function to stop charging current above 4.35V, discharge current stop below 2.3V, and discharge current stop at output terminal short circuit.
  • the charging circuit should be configured for stable charging and discharging operation as soon as possible without adversely affecting the life and performance of the secondary battery.
  • a constant current method is used at the start of charging of the secondary battery, and the charging current is applied at a constant size.
  • the constant voltage circuit is driven to apply a constant voltage to the electrodes of the secondary battery.
  • a charging circuit In order to perform the charging operation of the secondary battery, a charging circuit, a regulator, and a switch are provided.
  • the charging circuit receives power from the outside to charge the cell, and the regulator forms a power supply voltage applied from the outside to a constant DC level or sets the output voltage of the charging circuit to a specific voltage level.
  • the switch is used to select a constant current method or a constant voltage method.
  • a pulse-frequency modulation control method is mainly used during low current driving, which is a constant voltage method.
  • low current driving which is a constant voltage method.
  • a large current is supplied through the inductor during the turn-on period of switching, and the charging is repeated while the turn-off operation is repeated.
  • the low current configuration a large amount of current ripple occurs, and an output voltage also appears ripple.
  • the ripple component at the output voltage of a secondary battery is strongly related to the life of the battery.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a charging circuit having a simple structure including a linear regulator and minimizing current and voltage ripple when charging at low current.
  • the present invention for solving the above problems, the linear regulator unit for operating in a constant voltage mode; PWM operation unit for operating in the constant current mode; And a mode selection unit for selectively receiving output signals of the linear regulator unit and the PWM operation unit to perform a charging operation in the constant voltage mode or the constant current mode.
  • the linear regulator unit for operating in the constant voltage mode is supplied with a low current at the time of the charging operation;
  • a PWM operation unit for operating in the constant current mode through PWM control according to the increase in the terminal voltage of the cell in the constant voltage mode;
  • a mode selection unit for selectively receiving output signals of the linear regulator unit and the PWM operation unit to perform a charging operation in the constant voltage mode or the constant current mode;
  • a sensing unit for sensing an output of the mode selection unit and controlling an operation of the PWM operation unit.
  • the low current charging method of the secondary battery charging circuit is a constant voltage mode using a linear regulator.
  • the use of the linear regulator makes the structure simpler than the conventional PFM control method, and can reduce the ripple of the output voltage in the low current charging method, thereby extending system stability and battery life.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a rechargeable battery charging circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a rechargeable battery charging circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a rechargeable battery charging circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a voltage sensing unit of a sensing unit.
  • FIG 5 is an image showing a comparison of the waveform of the charging current and voltage of the conventional PFM method and the method using the linear regulator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a rechargeable battery charging circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charging circuit of the present embodiment includes a linear regulator unit 100, a PWM operation unit 200, a first mode selector 300, and a sensing unit 400.
  • the linear regulator 100 receives an input charging voltage VCHG and performs a linear regulation operation on the charging voltage VCHG.
  • the linearly regulated voltage is applied to the first mode selector 300.
  • the linear regulator unit 100 includes a current source 102, an error amplifier 101, a power transistor QP and a feedback unit 103.
  • the PWM operation unit 200 receives the voltage sensed by the feedback unit 103 of the linear regulator, and is activated when a voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined reference level is applied.
  • the output signal of the PWM operation unit 200 is applied to the first mode selection unit 300.
  • the first mode selector 300 receives an output signal of the linear regulator unit 100 and an output signal of the PWM operation unit 200.
  • Transistors QNM and QNS operate complementarily by the reception of signals.
  • the output signal of the first mode selector 300 is applied to the sensing unit 400.
  • the sensing unit 400 has a sensing resistor Rs and a voltage sensing unit 401.
  • the current flowing through the sensing resistor Rs is represented by the voltage difference Vs, and the voltage difference Vs displayed at both ends of the sensing resistor Rs is sensed by the voltage sensing unit 401.
  • the voltage difference Vs sensed by the sensing unit 400 may be output at a voltage level of a specific type, and the output voltage level may be used for the activation operation of the PWM operation unit 200.
  • the sensing voltage sensed by the feedback unit 103 or the output of the sensing unit 400 may be applied to the PWM operation unit 200.
  • the charging circuit operates in the constant voltage mode. That is, the terminal voltage of the secondary battery C is kept very low.
  • the feedback unit 103 of the linear regulator has two resistors R1 and R2 and senses the voltage applied to the secondary battery C according to the distribution ratio of the resistor.
  • the feedback voltage which is the sensed voltage, is applied to the error amplifier 101.
  • the feedback voltage of the feedback unit 103 of the linear regulator unit 100 is low and becomes less than the reference voltage VREF applied to the positive input terminal of the error amplifier 101.
  • the error amplifier 101 outputs a high level signal, and the power transistor QP is turned off. Therefore, the linear regulator applies the charging voltage VCHG to the gate terminal of the transistor QNS of the first mode selector 300.
  • the transistor QNS is turned on by the charging voltage applied to the gate terminal of the transistor QNS. Therefore, the input voltage VIN having a constant level is applied to the sensing unit 400 by the turned-on transistor QNS.
  • the input voltage VIN applied to the sensing unit 400 is applied to the secondary battery C, and the charging operation of the constant voltage mode is performed in the secondary battery C.
  • the PWM operation unit 200 is stopped or inactivated.
  • the transistor QNM remains off.
  • the voltage difference Vs of the sensing resistor Rs sensed by the sensing unit 400 maintains a low value. If the element that determines the operation of the PWM operation unit 200 is an output signal of the sensing unit 400, the PWM operation unit 200 is deactivated due to the voltage difference Vs of the sensing resistor Rs having a low level.
  • the linear regulator unit 100 increases. In particular, when the feedback voltage sensed by the feedback unit 103 is greater than or equal to the reference voltage VREF, the error amplifier 101 outputs a low level, and the power transistor QP is turned on. Accordingly, the linear regulator applies a low level signal to the gate terminal of the transistor QNS of the first mode selector 300, and the transistor QNS is turned off.
  • the feedback voltage sensed by the feedback unit 103 activates the PWM operation unit 200.
  • a specific reference level is preset, and when a voltage exceeding the set reference level is generated in the feedback unit 103, the PWM operation unit 200 is activated to form a PWM signal. Therefore, the transistor QNM of the first mode selector 300 repeats the on / off operation. Thus, driving in the constant current mode is started.
  • the current supplied decreases. Accordingly, the feedback voltage of the feedback unit 103 of the linear regulator unit 100 is lowered, and becomes less than the reference voltage VREF applied to the positive input terminal of the error amplifier 101. Therefore, the error amplifier 101 outputs a high level signal, and the power transistor QP is turned off. Therefore, the linear regulator applies the charging voltage VCHG to the gate terminal of the transistor QNS of the first mode selector 300.
  • the transistor QNS is turned on by the charging voltage applied to the gate terminal of the transistor QNS. Therefore, the input voltage VIN having a constant level is applied to the sensing unit 400 by the turned-on transistor QNS.
  • the input voltage VIN applied to the sensing unit 400 is applied to the secondary battery C, and the charging operation of the constant voltage mode is performed in the secondary battery C.
  • the PWM operation unit 200 again stops or deactivates the operation.
  • the transistor QNM remains off.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a rechargeable battery charging circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charging circuit of the present embodiment includes a linear regulator unit 100, a PWM operation unit 200, a second mode selection unit 310, and a sensing unit 400.
  • the linear regulator unit 100 has the same configuration as that of FIG. 1. Accordingly, the linear regulator unit 100 includes a current source 102, an error amplifier 101, a power transistor QP and a feedback unit 103.
  • the PWM operation unit 200 receives the feedback voltage sensed by the feedback unit 103 of the linear regulator, and is activated when a voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined reference level is applied.
  • the output signal of the PWM operation unit 200 is applied to the second mode selection unit 310.
  • the second mode selector 310 receives an output signal of the linear regulator unit 100 and an output signal of the PWM operation unit 200.
  • the first switch 301 may select the output of the linear regulator or the output of the PWM operation unit 200.
  • the second switch 302 may bypass the inductor L and the sensing resistor Rs through an on / off operation.
  • the output signal of the second mode selector 310 is selectively applied to the sensing unit 400.
  • the sensing unit 400 has a sensing resistor Rs and a voltage sensing unit 401.
  • the current flowing through the sensing resistor Rs is represented by the voltage difference Vs, and the voltage difference Vs displayed at both ends of the sensing resistor Rs is sensed by the voltage sensing unit 401.
  • the voltage difference Vs sensed by the sensing unit 400 may be output at a voltage level of a specific type, and the output voltage level may be used for the activation operation of the PWM operation unit 200.
  • the feedback voltage sensed by the feedback unit 103 or the output of the sensing unit 400 may be applied to the PWM operation unit 200.
  • the charging circuit operates in the constant voltage mode.
  • the first switch 301 is connected to the linear regulator unit 100 and the second switch 302 is turned on.
  • the terminal voltage of the secondary battery C is kept very low.
  • the feedback voltage of the feedback unit 103 of the linear regulator unit 100 is low and becomes less than the reference voltage VREF applied to the positive input terminal of the error amplifier 101. Therefore, the error amplifier 101 outputs a high level signal, and the power transistor QP is turned off. Accordingly, the linear regulator applies the charging voltage VCHG to the gate of the transistor QNM through the first switch 301 of the second mode selector 310.
  • the transistor QNM is turned on by a specific level of charging voltage applied to the gate terminal of the transistor QNM, and the input voltage VIN having a constant level does not pass through the inductor L and the sensing unit 400 by the turned-on transistor QNM, Is applied to the switch 302.
  • the input voltage VIN applied to the second switch 302 is applied to the secondary battery C, and the charging operation in the constant voltage mode is performed in the secondary battery C.
  • the PWM operation unit 200 is stopped or inactivated.
  • the amount of current flowing into the secondary battery C increases.
  • the voltage appearing at the electrodes of the secondary battery C also increases. Therefore, the feedback voltage sensed by the feedback unit 103 of the linear regulator unit 100 also increases.
  • the error amplifier 101 outputs a low level, the power transistor QP is turned on, and the first switch 301 selects the second mode. An electrical connection between the unit 310 and the PWM signal generator is achieved.
  • the feedback voltage sensed by the feedback unit 103 activates the PWM operation unit 200.
  • a specific reference level is preset, and when a voltage exceeding the set reference level is generated in the feedback unit 103, the PWM operation unit 200 is activated to form a PWM signal. Therefore, the transistor QNM of the second mode selector 310 repeats the on / off operation. Thus, driving in the constant current mode is started, and the second switch 302 is opened.
  • the linear regulator applies the charging voltage VCHG to the gate terminal of the transistor QNM of the second mode selector 310.
  • the transistor QNM is turned on by a specific level of charging voltage applied to the gate terminal of the transistor QNM, and the input voltage VIN having a constant level does not pass through the inductor L and the sensing unit 400 by the turned-on transistor QNM, Is applied to the switch 302. Since the current also has a constant level due to the input voltage VIN having a constant level, no induced electromotive force is generated by the inductor L.
  • the input voltage VIN applied to the second switch 302 is applied to the secondary battery C, and the charging operation in the constant voltage mode is performed in the secondary battery C.
  • the PWM operation unit 200 is stopped or inactivated.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a rechargeable battery charging circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charging circuit of the present embodiment includes a linear regulator unit 100, a PWM operation unit 200, a third mode selection unit 320, and a sensing unit 400.
  • the configuration and operation of the linear regulator unit 100 is the same as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the configuration of the third mode selector 320 is different from those of FIGS. 1 and 2. Therefore, the charging circuit of the present embodiment will be described centering on the third mode selector 320 having a different configuration.
  • the third mode selector 320 of the present embodiment has a third switch 303.
  • the third switch 303 may select the output of the linear regulator or the output of the PWM operation unit 200. Accordingly, the third mode selector 320 may selectively receive the output of the linear regulator and the output of the PWM operation unit 200.
  • the charging circuit operates in the constant voltage mode.
  • the third switch 303 is turned on.
  • the terminal voltage of the secondary battery C is kept very low.
  • the feedback voltage of the feedback unit 103 of the linear regulator unit 100 is low and becomes less than the reference voltage VREF applied to the positive input terminal of the error amplifier 101. Therefore, the error amplifier 101 outputs a high level signal, and the power transistor QP is turned off. Accordingly, the linear regulator applies the charging voltage VCHG to the gate of the transistor QNM through the third switch 303 of the third mode selector 320.
  • the transistor QNM is turned on by a specific level of charging voltage applied to the gate terminal of the transistor QNM, and the input voltage VIN having a constant level is applied to the inductor L by the turned-on transistor QNM.
  • the current since the current also has a constant level due to the input voltage VIN having a constant level, no induced electromotive force is generated by the inductor L.
  • the input voltage VIN applied to the sensing unit 400 is applied to the secondary battery C, and the charging operation of the constant voltage mode is performed in the secondary battery C.
  • the PWM operation unit 200 is stopped or inactivated.
  • the feedback voltage sensed by the feedback unit 103 of the linear regulator unit 100 also increases.
  • the error amplifier 101 outputs a low level
  • the power transistor QP is turned on
  • the third switch 303 selects the third mode. It is turned on between the unit 320 and the PWM signal generator.
  • the feedback voltage sensed by the feedback unit 103 activates the PWM operation unit 200.
  • a specific reference level is preset, and when a voltage exceeding the set reference level is generated in the feedback unit 103, the PWM operation unit 200 is activated to form a PWM signal. Therefore, the transistor QNM of the third mode selector 320 repeats the on / off operation. Thus, driving in the constant current mode is started.
  • the charging circuit When the charging operation for the secondary battery C is completed, the charging circuit operates again in the constant voltage mode. That is, while the terminal voltage of the secondary battery C is maintained at a very high value, the current supplied to the secondary battery C decreases. Accordingly, the feedback voltage of the feedback unit 103 of the linear regulator unit 100 is lowered, and becomes less than the reference voltage VREF applied to the positive input terminal of the error amplifier 101. Therefore, the error amplifier 101 outputs a high level signal, and the power transistor QP is turned off. Accordingly, the linear regulator applies the charging voltage VCHG to the gate terminal of the transistor QNM of the third mode selector 320.
  • Transistor QNM is turned on by a specific level of charging voltage applied to the gate terminal of QNM, and input voltage VIN having a constant level is applied to inductor L by turned-on transistor QNM.
  • the current since the current also has a constant level due to the input voltage VIN having a constant level, no induced electromotive force is generated by the inductor L.
  • the input voltage VIN applied to the sensing unit 400 is applied to the secondary battery C, and the charging operation of the constant voltage mode is performed in the secondary battery C.
  • the PWM operation unit 200 is stopped or inactivated due to the sensed voltage of the feedback unit 103 at a low level.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a voltage sensing unit of a sensing unit.
  • the voltage detector 401 of FIG. 4 operates as the voltage detector 401 disclosed in the first to third embodiments.
  • the voltage detector 401 has a configuration of a subtractor using the OP amplifier 402.
  • the first input voltage VIN1 and the second input voltage VIN2 represent voltages at both ends of the sensing resistor Rs. Therefore, the voltage difference Vs across the sensing resistor Rs is VIN1-VIN2.
  • the signal input to the feedback unit 103 of the linear regulator also has a low level value, so that the charging method is in the constant voltage mode.
  • the charging method is a constant current mode.
  • the reference voltage VREF2 is a specific reference voltage applied to the positive input terminal of the OP amplifier 402.
  • the output voltage output from the sensing unit 400 through the operation of the OP amplifier 402. Has a high level value.
  • the output voltage has a low level. Accordingly, signal control applied to the PWM operation unit 200 and the switch may be performed through the value of the output voltage of the voltage sensing unit 401.
  • Equation 1 the output Vout of the voltage detector 401 may be represented by Equation 1 below.
  • FIG 5 is an image showing a comparison of the waveform of the charging current and voltage of the conventional PFM method and the method using the linear regulator of the present invention.
  • the ripple of the voltage since it operates in the constant voltage mode while being charged with low current, the ripple of the voltage may be blocked at source.
  • the ripple of the charging voltage due to the change of the charging current amount is significantly reduced.
  • the voltage charged in the secondary battery C may be kept constant to prevent overcharging.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de chargement d'une batterie secondaire. Un mode de tension constante est destiné à être utilisé lorsque du chargement à un faible courant et un mode de courant constant à l'aide d'une opération de commutation est utilisé lorsque le chargement est effectué à un courant élevé. Un régulateur linéaire est destiné à être utilisé pour l'opération de chargement à faible courant dans le mode de tension constante et la commutation est effectuée de manière répétée selon une opération PWM pour l'opération de chargement à courant élevé dans le mode de courant constant. Par conséquent, une ondulation de tension appliquée à une cellule lors du chargement est réduite.
PCT/KR2013/009893 2013-08-01 2013-11-04 Circuit de chargement de batterie secondaire faisant appel à un régulateur linéaire WO2015016427A1 (fr)

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KR10-2013-0091716 2013-08-01
KR1020130091716A KR101509323B1 (ko) 2013-08-01 2013-08-01 선형 레귤레이터를 이용한 2차 전지 충전회로

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Cited By (1)

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US10298030B2 (en) 2015-07-20 2019-05-21 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Battery pack

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KR101654087B1 (ko) 2015-04-30 2016-09-05 현대엘리베이터 주식회사 비대칭 펄스폭변조 동기식 구동을 이용한 2차전지 충전회로

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KR0173961B1 (ko) * 1996-06-24 1999-05-01 김광호 모드변환형 배터리 충전장치
KR20000007575A (ko) * 1998-07-04 2000-02-07 한용남 정전류 정전압 충전회로
KR100518007B1 (ko) * 2003-10-09 2005-09-30 엘지전자 주식회사 충방전배터리 충전장치 및 방법
JP2009065772A (ja) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-26 Ricoh Co Ltd 充電制御回路
JP2012146122A (ja) * 2011-01-12 2012-08-02 Fujitsu Telecom Networks Ltd 電源装置と充放電制御装置とその制御方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10298030B2 (en) 2015-07-20 2019-05-21 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Battery pack

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