WO2014207675A1 - A method for scanning a coloured surface of a tile and a device for actuating the method - Google Patents

A method for scanning a coloured surface of a tile and a device for actuating the method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014207675A1
WO2014207675A1 PCT/IB2014/062591 IB2014062591W WO2014207675A1 WO 2014207675 A1 WO2014207675 A1 WO 2014207675A1 IB 2014062591 W IB2014062591 W IB 2014062591W WO 2014207675 A1 WO2014207675 A1 WO 2014207675A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photodetectors
tile
lamps
matrix
scanned
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2014/062591
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Maurizio Bardi
Original Assignee
Nuova Sima S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nuova Sima S.P.A. filed Critical Nuova Sima S.P.A.
Priority to CN201480036090.8A priority Critical patent/CN105358948B/en
Priority to PL14744181T priority patent/PL3014228T3/en
Priority to ES14744181T priority patent/ES2864348T3/en
Priority to BR112015031670-0A priority patent/BR112015031670B1/en
Priority to EP14744181.0A priority patent/EP3014228B1/en
Publication of WO2014207675A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014207675A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/50—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J3/501—Colorimeters using spectrally-selective light sources, e.g. LEDs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
    • B28B17/0072—Product control or inspection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
    • G01J2003/102—Plural sources
    • G01J2003/104—Monochromatic plural sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N2021/1765—Method using an image detector and processing of image signal
    • G01N2021/177—Detector of the video camera type
    • G01N2021/1776—Colour camera
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/89—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles
    • G01N21/8901—Optical details; Scanning details
    • G01N21/8903—Optical details; Scanning details using a multiple detector array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical sector concerning the acquisition of coloured images; in particular, the invention relates to a method for scanning a coloured surface of a tile and a device for actuating the method.
  • a scanning device of a coloured surface of a tile in movement is known: a lamp emitting a light containing all the colours in the visible range which is arranged such as to illuminate at least a surface band of a coloured surface to be scanned of a tile in movement; and a tri-linear camera for acquiring the image of the illuminated surface band of the coloured surface of the tile in movement.
  • the tri-linear camera comprises a matrix of photodetectors, which is formed in turn by three parallel rows of photodetectors on which are positioned, respectively, a red filter, a green filter and a blue filter.
  • a coloured filter of the above-described type is a bandpass filter centred on a determined frequency; for example the red filter allows only passage of light having a light emission spectrum attributable to the red colour (about from 630 nm to 700nm).
  • the tile moves in continuous motion in a direction that is perpendicular to the row of photodetectors.
  • the colour filters occupy a certain amount of space, and this makes it necessary to distance the rows of photodetectors from one another in order to prevent the colour filters from superposing on one another in a row of photodetectors; in particular, each row of photodetectors is distanced from an adjacent row of photodetectors by a multiple of the width of a pixel of the image to be scanned, with the aim of facilitating the subsequent reconstruction of the image by appropriately mixing the colours red, green and blue.
  • this distance is five pixels
  • a specific pixel of the image to be scanned will first be acquired in red (the red filter will enable only red light to reach the corresponding row of photodetectors faced to the red filter), then five temporal scanning intervals after it will be acquired in green and another five temporal scanning intervals after it will be acquired in blue; thus the same pixel is scanned in three different temporal scanning intervals.
  • a special software program will reconstruct the image of the coloured surface of the tile by grouping together the colour information (red, green, blue) of each pixel.
  • the aim of the present invention consists in reducing the formation of artifacts.
  • the aim is obtained by a scanning device of a coloured surface of a tile of claim 1 , and by means of a method for scanning a coloured surface of a tile according to claim 7.
  • the prior-art lamp which does not emit a light containing all the visible colours is replaced by the use of a plurality of lamps which each emit a light with a determined light emitting spectrum: for example it is possible to choose three lamps which switch on cyclically such as to emit a red light, then a green light and finally a blue light; this makes the use of coloured filters located in front of the rows of photodetectors superfluous, which advantageously enables a significant reduction in the distance between the rows of photodetectors and thus a reduction in the formation of artifacts.
  • the photodetectors in such a way that they border one another (namely that they are distant, for example, of a single pixel only); in particular, a sub-matrix of an area sensor of a 2D CMOS area camera can be used for optimal performance.
  • a scanning device of known type can be located downstream of a colouring apparatus of a tile in order to perform verifications of quality: if the scanned image by the device displaces from a reference image, the tile is rejected as being non-conforming.
  • the colouring defect of the tile can derive from an erroneous mixture of colours: for example an ink can be released in an excessive or insufficient quantity onto the tile.
  • the apparatus comprises three ink release units, which release respectively a red, green or blue ink, then with the use of a tri-linear camera it is possible to trace the quantity of ink released by each release unit; this would enable identification of the ink release unit which has emitted the erroneous quantity of ink.
  • the tri-linear camera is no longer able to recognise a defective ink release unit.
  • the device of the invention of claim 1 advantageously enables obviating this drawback: in fact it is possible to use the lamps which each emit a light distinguished by a colour corresponding to the colour of the inks used in the apparatus, without limits to the number of lamps usable.
  • the device according to the invention of claim 1 is easily adaptable to the type of scanning required as it is possible to increase or reduce the number of lamps and/or replace them with others emitting lights of different colour. Instead, in the prior art the miniaturization attained by the tri-Jinear cameras would not have enabled replacement of the coloured filters and it would have been necessary to replace the tri-linear camera.
  • figure 1 schematically illustrates, and in a lateral view, a tile transported by a conveyor and an overlying device for scanning a coloured surface of the tile, which device is the object of the present invention
  • figure 2 is a view from above, in larger scale, of the detail K of figurel ;
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents, in larger scale, a sub-matrix of an area sensor of a television camera which can be a part of the device of the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a representation of the light emitting spectrum of seven LED lamps which emit lights corresponding to 7 colours of the visible spectrum;
  • FIG. 5-11 illustrate a larger-scale view of figure 2 in seven consecutive temporal scanning intervals.
  • the device (1) for scanning a coloured surface (2) of a tile (3) comprises a matrix of photodetectors (4) comprising a plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) which are parallel and placed side by side, the matrix of photodetectors (4) does not comprise any colour filter above the photodetectors (4) and the rows of photodetectors (5) are near each other and spaced by a distance equal to at least one pixel only; the matrix of photodetectors (4) being arranged such as to acquire, in synchrony with a temporal scanning interval, an image of a surface band (6) of a coloured surface (2) to be scanned of a tile (3).
  • the device further comprises a plurality of lamps (7) each having a light emission spectrum different from the light emission spectrum of another lamp of the plurality of lamps (7); the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) being arranged such as to illuminate the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3); the lamps of the plurality (7) being commandable to switch on at least one at a time at each temporal scanning interval.
  • a plurality of lamps (7) each having a light emission spectrum different from the light emission spectrum of another lamp of the plurality of lamps (7); the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) being arranged such as to illuminate the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3); the lamps of the plurality (7) being commandable to switch on at least one at a time at each temporal scanning interval.
  • (1) further comprises conveyor means (8) (for example, a conveyor belt) provided for restingly receive and transport the tile (3) to be scanned and for determining a relative movement between the tile (3), on one side, and the matrix of photodetectors (4) and the plurality of lamps (7), on the other side, in a movement direction which is perpendicular to the plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) such that for each surface band (6) of the coloured surface
  • conveyor means (8) for example, a conveyor belt
  • the plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) of the matrix of photodetectors (4) is arranged so that each row of photodetectors (5) is transversal, in particular perpendicular, to the transport direction of the tile (3) resting on the conveyor means (8).
  • the rows of photodetectors (5) are spaced from each other by a distance equal to a pixel only; in case the rows of photodetectors (5) may be spaced from each other by a distance equal to an multiple integer of a pixel.
  • one or more lamps (7) can emit significant power at some identical wavelengths However, as long as the emissions are different at other wavelengths then the lamps (7) will provide useful information. There can be some emission by at least one lamp (7) at all wavelengths of interest.
  • the photodetectors matrix (4) is arranged such as to acquire, at each temporal scanning interval, an image of a surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3).
  • the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) are commandable to switch on one at a time at each temporal scanning interval .
  • the device (1) of the invention can comprise optical means, not illustrated as of known type, which are arranged along the optical pathway comprised between the surface band (6) and the matrix of the photodetectors (4).
  • the image of the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) can be acquired from the photodetectors matrix (4) using the optical means.
  • each row of photodetectors is able to detect the image of an elementary strip of coloured surface that is a part of the surface band (6).
  • the tile (3) represented in the appended figures is for example a tile having a coloured surface (2) (facing upwards) to be scanned having a constant width; the surface band (6), see in particular figure 2, has been represented with a rectangle in a broken line having a length equal to the width of the coloured surface (2).
  • Each lamp of the plurality of lamps (7) is preferably arranged such as to illuminate a portion of surface (27) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3); this portion of surface (27) comprises the surface band (6) and has been represented by a dotted pattern, see for example figure 2.
  • the rows of photodetectors (5) are arranged as close as possible to one another so as to minimize the formation of artifacts (see figure 3). This is possible thanks to the fact that the matrix of photodetectors (4) does not include any colour filter above the photodetectors (4). Consequently, the distance between rows of adjacent photodetectors (5) is advantageously no longer influenced (as it was in the prior art) by the presence of colour filters arranged above of each row of photodetectors (9).
  • the distance between adjacent rows of photodetectors (5) can be of only one pixel; it is therefore not necessary to distance a row of photodetectors (9) from an adjacent row of photodetectors (9) by a whole multiple of a width of a pixel (such a choice is possible, but not required).
  • the device (1) preferably comprises a 2D CMOS area sensor camera (10) which incorporates the above-cited photodetectors matrix (4); in other words, the matrix of photodetectors (4) is a sub-matrix of the matrix of photodetectors (4) of the area sensor of the camera (10).
  • the matrix of photodetectors (4) of the area sensor of the camera (10) can comprise a number "n” of rows of photodetectors (5) and a number "m” of lines of photodetectors, while the sub-matrix of photodetectors (4) can comprise a lower number (seven in the example) of rows of photodetectors (5) denoted by "j, j+1 ,.., j+6" in figure 3.
  • the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) are preferably LEDs.
  • the LEDs emit lights of different colour with respect to each other.
  • the LEDs have light emission spectrums equidistanced to each other in order to uniformly cover a predefined range of frequencies.
  • such predefined range of frequencies is between 400nm and 750nm.
  • figure 4 illustrates the light emission spectrum of seven LED lamps which emit corresponding lights respectively to red (R), orange (O), yellow (Y), green (G), cyan (C), blue (B) and violet (V): the x-axis gives the wavelength in nanometers while the y-axis indicates the light intensity.
  • Each LED has a bandwidth of 50nm and therefore the use of the seven LEDs discussed above can cover a bandwidth ranging between 400nm and 750nm.The number and bandwidth of LEDs used can obviously be different.
  • the method for scanning a coloured surface (2) of a tile (3) comprises steps of: providing a matrix of photodetectors (4) comprising a plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) which are parallel and placed side by side, the matrix of photodetectors (4) does not comprise any colour filter above the photodetectors (4) and the rows of photodetectors (5) are near each other and spaced by a distance equal to at least one pixel only; positioning the matrix of photodetectors (4) such as to acquire an image of a surface band (6) of a coloured surface (2) to be scanned of a tile; commanding the matrix of photodetectors (4) such as to acquire the image of the surface band (6) in synchrony with a temporal scanning interval; providing a plurality of lamps (7) each having a light emission spectrum different from the light emission spectrum of a further lamp of the plurality of lamps (7); positioning the plurality of lamps (7) such as to illuminate the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile
  • the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) are preferably commanded to switch on one at a time in a cyclic sequence and for each surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3) a number of images equal to the number of lamps is acquired.
  • the matrix of photodetectors (4) is preferably commanded to acquire the image of the surface band (6) at each temporal scanning interval.
  • the tile (3) is preferably in movement while the matrix of photodetectors (4) and the plurality of lamps (7) are fixed. There follows a description and the functioning of an embodiment of the device (1).
  • the plurality of lamps (7) comprises seven LEDs which switch on one at a time with a cyclic sequence; the LEDs emit lights corresponding respectively to red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and violet (see figure 4).
  • the LEDs are arranged to illuminate a portion of surface (27) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) comprising the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3).
  • the device (1) comprises a 2D CMOS area sensor camera (10) which actively uses only a sub-matrix of photodetectors (4) having seven rows of adjacent photodetectors (5) denoted as "j, j+1 ,.., j+6" (see figure 3).
  • the tile (3) is moved in stepped motion: it remains stationary during a switching-on cycle of the LEDs and at the end of the switching-on cycle the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) by a step which is equal to the width of the surface band (6).
  • the sub-matrix of the photodetectors (4) acquires as many images of the surface band (6) as there are LEDs; the resulting data can be combined subsequently to complete the reconstruction of the image of the surface band (6).
  • the number of rows of photodetectors (5) can also be less than seven; in this case the width of the surface band (6) will be reduced.
  • the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to displace the tile (3) in a stepped motion.
  • the velocity is such that at each switching-on cycle of the LEDs the conveyor means (8) have moved the tile (3) so as the tile (3) is wholly displaced by a quantity equal to the width of the surface band (6): specifically, each step corresponding to the width of an elementary strip.
  • Figures 5-11 clarify how it is possible to reconstruct the image of an elementary strip of coloured surfaces (2) of the tile (3), as described in the following.
  • a first LED is switched on to emit a red light (1 1 ) (denoted in dots) and the remaining LEDs are switched off.
  • the sub- matrix (4) acquires the image of a first surface band (6) as follows: a first row of photodetectors (j) acquires the image of a first elementary strip (12) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3); a second row of photodetectors (j+1 ) acquires the image of a second elementary strip of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3), which is adjacent to the first elementary strip (12); a third row of photodetectors (j+2) acquires the image of a third elementary strip (14) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) which is adjacent to the second elementary strip (13); a fourth row of photodetectors (j+3) acquires the image of a fourth elementary strip (15) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) which is adjacent to the third elementary strip (14); a fifth row of photodetectors (j+4) acquires the image of a fifth elementary strip (16) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile which is adjacent to the fourth elementary strip (15); a sixth row of photodetectors (j+5) acquires the image
  • the first LED is switched off and a second LED is switched on to emit an orange light (19); further, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) of one step corresponding to a width of an elementary strip so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the sixth row of photodetectors (j + 5); see figure 6.
  • the second LED is switched off and a third LED is switched on to emit a yellow light (20); then, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to displace the tile (3) of a further step so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the fifth row of photodetectors (j+4); see figure 7.
  • a fourth temporal scanning interval t 4 which follows the third temporal scanning interval t 3 , the third LED is switched off and a fourth LED is switched on to emit a green light (21); then, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) of a further step so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the fourth row of photodetectors (j+3); see figure 8.
  • the fourth LED is switched off and a fifth LED is switched on to emit a cyan light (22); after that, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) of a further step so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the third row of photodetectors (j+2); see figure 9.
  • the fifth LED is switched off and a sixth LED is switched on to emit a blue light (23); then, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) of a further step so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the second row of photodetectors (9)(j+1); see figure 10.
  • the sixth LED is switched off and a seventh LED is switched on to emit a violet light (24); then, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) of a further step so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the first row of photodetectors G); see figure 11.
  • the images acquired by the sub-matrix of photodetectors (4) in a switching-on cycle of the LEDs thus enable reconstructing the image of the seventh elementary strip (18).
  • a like description could be made for the other elementary strips, which form the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3), with the aim of reconstructing the image of the whole coloured surface (2) of the tile (3).
  • the lamps can be duplicated and arranged symmetrically with respect to the surface band (6); in other words, the device (1) can comprise not only a first group (25) of LEDs made up of seven LEDs which emit the red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and violet, but also a second group (26) of LEDs which is identical to the first group, see figure 1.
  • a LED of the first group (25) is switched on and a LED of the second group (26) is switched on to gradually emit the red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and violet.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for scanning a coloured surface (2) of a tile and a device which actuates the method. The device (1 ) for scanning a coloured surface (2) of a tile (3) comprises a matrix of photodetectors (4) comprising a plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) which are parallel and placed side by side, the matrix of photodetectors (4) does not comprise any colour filter above the photodetectors (4) and the rows of photodetectors (5) are near each other and spaced by a distance equal to at least one pixel; the matrix of photodetectors (4) is arranged such as to acquire, in synchrony with a temporal scanning interval, an image of a surface band (6) of a coloured surface (2) to be scanned of a tile (3). The device also comprises: a plurality of lamps (7) each having a light emission spectrum different from a light emission spectrum of another lamp of the plurality of lamps (7); the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) being arranged such as to illuminate the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3); the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) being commandable to switch on at least one at a time at each temporal scanning interval; conveyor means (8) provided for restingly receive and transport the tile (3) to be scanned and for determining a relative movement between the tile (3), on a side, and the matrix of photodetectors (4) and the plurality of lamps (7), on the other side, in a movement direction which is perpendicular to the plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) such that for each surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3) a predetermined number of images is acquired.

Description

A METHOD FOR SCANNING A COLOURED SURFACE OF A TILE AND A DEVICE FOR ACTUATING THE METHOD.
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to the technical sector concerning the acquisition of coloured images; in particular, the invention relates to a method for scanning a coloured surface of a tile and a device for actuating the method.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
A scanning device of a coloured surface of a tile in movement is known: a lamp emitting a light containing all the colours in the visible range which is arranged such as to illuminate at least a surface band of a coloured surface to be scanned of a tile in movement; and a tri-linear camera for acquiring the image of the illuminated surface band of the coloured surface of the tile in movement.
The tri-linear camera comprises a matrix of photodetectors, which is formed in turn by three parallel rows of photodetectors on which are positioned, respectively, a red filter, a green filter and a blue filter. A coloured filter of the above-described type is a bandpass filter centred on a determined frequency; for example the red filter allows only passage of light having a light emission spectrum attributable to the red colour (about from 630 nm to 700nm). The tile moves in continuous motion in a direction that is perpendicular to the row of photodetectors.
The colour filters occupy a certain amount of space, and this makes it necessary to distance the rows of photodetectors from one another in order to prevent the colour filters from superposing on one another in a row of photodetectors; in particular, each row of photodetectors is distanced from an adjacent row of photodetectors by a multiple of the width of a pixel of the image to be scanned, with the aim of facilitating the subsequent reconstruction of the image by appropriately mixing the colours red, green and blue. If, for example, this distance is five pixels, a specific pixel of the image to be scanned will first be acquired in red (the red filter will enable only red light to reach the corresponding row of photodetectors faced to the red filter), then five temporal scanning intervals after it will be acquired in green and another five temporal scanning intervals after it will be acquired in blue; thus the same pixel is scanned in three different temporal scanning intervals. Thereafter a special software program will reconstruct the image of the coloured surface of the tile by grouping together the colour information (red, green, blue) of each pixel.
To prevent formation of artifacts in the reconstruction of a scanned image, it is important to guarantee: an optimal synchronization between advancement of the tile and acquisition of the image by the television camera; a precise perpendicularity between rows of photodetectors and movement of direction of the tile; and that the distance between a row of photodetectors and the adjacent one is exactly equal to a multiple of the width of a pixel. As is known, even slight displacements between these specifications lead to the formation of artifacts that are greater in number in accordance with the distance between adjacent rows of photodetectors; in the prior art the distance between adjacent rows of photodetectors has fallen to a value of about four- to-five times the dimensions of a pixel thanks to the miniaturization of the colour filters. However this distance value of the rows of photodetectors is not yet felt to be satisfactory; thus experimentation is tending towards the designing of colour filters that are even smaller.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The aim of the present invention consists in reducing the formation of artifacts. The aim is obtained by a scanning device of a coloured surface of a tile of claim 1 , and by means of a method for scanning a coloured surface of a tile according to claim 7.
The prior-art lamp which does not emit a light containing all the visible colours is replaced by the use of a plurality of lamps which each emit a light with a determined light emitting spectrum: for example it is possible to choose three lamps which switch on cyclically such as to emit a red light, then a green light and finally a blue light; this makes the use of coloured filters located in front of the rows of photodetectors superfluous, which advantageously enables a significant reduction in the distance between the rows of photodetectors and thus a reduction in the formation of artifacts. It is even possible to arrange the photodetectors in such a way that they border one another (namely that they are distant, for example, of a single pixel only); in particular, a sub-matrix of an area sensor of a 2D CMOS area camera can be used for optimal performance.
A scanning device of known type can be located downstream of a colouring apparatus of a tile in order to perform verifications of quality: if the scanned image by the device displaces from a reference image, the tile is rejected as being non-conforming. The colouring defect of the tile can derive from an erroneous mixture of colours: for example an ink can be released in an excessive or insufficient quantity onto the tile. If the apparatus comprises three ink release units, which release respectively a red, green or blue ink, then with the use of a tri-linear camera it is possible to trace the quantity of ink released by each release unit; this would enable identification of the ink release unit which has emitted the erroneous quantity of ink.
Instead, where the apparatus uses ink release units that release inks of different colours from red, green and blue, or in a case where the release units are present in a greater number than three such as to release a same number of coloured inks, the tri-linear camera is no longer able to recognise a defective ink release unit.
The device of the invention of claim 1 advantageously enables obviating this drawback: in fact it is possible to use the lamps which each emit a light distinguished by a colour corresponding to the colour of the inks used in the apparatus, without limits to the number of lamps usable. The device according to the invention of claim 1 is easily adaptable to the type of scanning required as it is possible to increase or reduce the number of lamps and/or replace them with others emitting lights of different colour. Instead, in the prior art the miniaturization attained by the tri-Jinear cameras would not have enabled replacement of the coloured filters and it would have been necessary to replace the tri-linear camera.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Specific embodiments of the invention will be described in the following part of the present description, according to what is set down in the claims and with the aid of the appended tables of drawings, in which: - figure 1 schematically illustrates, and in a lateral view, a tile transported by a conveyor and an overlying device for scanning a coloured surface of the tile, which device is the object of the present invention;
- figure 2 is a view from above, in larger scale, of the detail K of figurel ;
- figure 3 schematically represents, in larger scale, a sub-matrix of an area sensor of a television camera which can be a part of the device of the invention;
- figure 4 is a representation of the light emitting spectrum of seven LED lamps which emit lights corresponding to 7 colours of the visible spectrum;
- figures 5-11 illustrate a larger-scale view of figure 2 in seven consecutive temporal scanning intervals.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
With reference to the appended tables of drawings, (1) denotes in its entirety a device for scanning a coloured surface of a tile, object of the present invention. The device (1) for scanning a coloured surface (2) of a tile (3) comprises a matrix of photodetectors (4) comprising a plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) which are parallel and placed side by side, the matrix of photodetectors (4) does not comprise any colour filter above the photodetectors (4) and the rows of photodetectors (5) are near each other and spaced by a distance equal to at least one pixel only; the matrix of photodetectors (4) being arranged such as to acquire, in synchrony with a temporal scanning interval, an image of a surface band (6) of a coloured surface (2) to be scanned of a tile (3). The device further comprises a plurality of lamps (7) each having a light emission spectrum different from the light emission spectrum of another lamp of the plurality of lamps (7); the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) being arranged such as to illuminate the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3); the lamps of the plurality (7) being commandable to switch on at least one at a time at each temporal scanning interval. The device
(1) further comprises conveyor means (8) (for example, a conveyor belt) provided for restingly receive and transport the tile (3) to be scanned and for determining a relative movement between the tile (3), on one side, and the matrix of photodetectors (4) and the plurality of lamps (7), on the other side, in a movement direction which is perpendicular to the plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) such that for each surface band (6) of the coloured surface
(2) of the tile (3) to be scanned a predetermined number of images is acquired. Therefore, the plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) of the matrix of photodetectors (4) is arranged so that each row of photodetectors (5) is transversal, in particular perpendicular, to the transport direction of the tile (3) resting on the conveyor means (8).
Preferably, the rows of photodetectors (5) are spaced from each other by a distance equal to a pixel only; in case the rows of photodetectors (5) may be spaced from each other by a distance equal to an multiple integer of a pixel.
In general, one or more lamps (7) can emit significant power at some identical wavelengths However, as long as the emissions are different at other wavelengths then the lamps (7) will provide useful information. There can be some emission by at least one lamp (7) at all wavelengths of interest.
The photodetectors matrix (4) is arranged such as to acquire, at each temporal scanning interval, an image of a surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3).
The lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) are commandable to switch on one at a time at each temporal scanning interval .
The device (1) of the invention can comprise optical means, not illustrated as of known type, which are arranged along the optical pathway comprised between the surface band (6) and the matrix of the photodetectors (4). The image of the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) can be acquired from the photodetectors matrix (4) using the optical means. In other words, each row of photodetectors is able to detect the image of an elementary strip of coloured surface that is a part of the surface band (6). There exists therefore a relation between the width of the surface band (6) and the number of rows of photodetectors (5): on increasing the number of rows of photodetectors (5) the width of the surface band (6) grows, and on increasing the number of photodetectors for each row of photodetectors (9) the length of the surface band (6) grows, which is always preferably equal to or greater than the width of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) to be scanned.
The tile (3) represented in the appended figures is for example a tile having a coloured surface (2) (facing upwards) to be scanned having a constant width; the surface band (6), see in particular figure 2, has been represented with a rectangle in a broken line having a length equal to the width of the coloured surface (2).
Each lamp of the plurality of lamps (7) is preferably arranged such as to illuminate a portion of surface (27) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3); this portion of surface (27) comprises the surface band (6) and has been represented by a dotted pattern, see for example figure 2.
The rows of photodetectors (5) are arranged as close as possible to one another so as to minimize the formation of artifacts (see figure 3). This is possible thanks to the fact that the matrix of photodetectors (4) does not include any colour filter above the photodetectors (4). Consequently, the distance between rows of adjacent photodetectors (5) is advantageously no longer influenced (as it was in the prior art) by the presence of colour filters arranged above of each row of photodetectors (9). Therefore the distance between adjacent rows of photodetectors (5) can be of only one pixel; it is therefore not necessary to distance a row of photodetectors (9) from an adjacent row of photodetectors (9) by a whole multiple of a width of a pixel (such a choice is possible, but not required).
The device (1) preferably comprises a 2D CMOS area sensor camera (10) which incorporates the above-cited photodetectors matrix (4); in other words, the matrix of photodetectors (4) is a sub-matrix of the matrix of photodetectors (4) of the area sensor of the camera (10).
The matrix of photodetectors (4) of the area sensor of the camera (10) can comprise a number "n" of rows of photodetectors (5) and a number "m" of lines of photodetectors, while the sub-matrix of photodetectors (4) can comprise a lower number (seven in the example) of rows of photodetectors (5) denoted by "j, j+1 ,.., j+6" in figure 3.
The lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) are preferably LEDs.
Preferably, the LEDs emit lights of different colour with respect to each other. Preferably, the LEDs have light emission spectrums equidistanced to each other in order to uniformly cover a predefined range of frequencies. Preferably, such predefined range of frequencies is between 400nm and 750nm.
By way of example, figure 4 illustrates the light emission spectrum of seven LED lamps which emit corresponding lights respectively to red (R), orange (O), yellow (Y), green (G), cyan (C), blue (B) and violet (V): the x-axis gives the wavelength in nanometers while the y-axis indicates the light intensity. Each LED has a bandwidth of 50nm and therefore the use of the seven LEDs discussed above can cover a bandwidth ranging between 400nm and 750nm.The number and bandwidth of LEDs used can obviously be different.
The method for scanning a coloured surface (2) of a tile (3), also object of the present invention, comprises steps of: providing a matrix of photodetectors (4) comprising a plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) which are parallel and placed side by side, the matrix of photodetectors (4) does not comprise any colour filter above the photodetectors (4) and the rows of photodetectors (5) are near each other and spaced by a distance equal to at least one pixel only; positioning the matrix of photodetectors (4) such as to acquire an image of a surface band (6) of a coloured surface (2) to be scanned of a tile; commanding the matrix of photodetectors (4) such as to acquire the image of the surface band (6) in synchrony with a temporal scanning interval; providing a plurality of lamps (7) each having a light emission spectrum different from the light emission spectrum of a further lamp of the plurality of lamps (7); positioning the plurality of lamps (7) such as to illuminate the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3); commanding the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) to switch on at least one at a time for each temporal scanning interval; providing conveyor means (8) for restingly receive and transport the tile (3) to be scanned and for determining a relative movement between the tile (3), on one side, and the matrix of photodetectors (4) and the plurality of lamps (7), on the other side, in a movement direction which is perpendicular to the plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) such that for each surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3) a predetermined number of images is acquired.
The lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) are preferably commanded to switch on one at a time in a cyclic sequence and for each surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3) a number of images equal to the number of lamps is acquired.
The matrix of photodetectors (4) is preferably commanded to acquire the image of the surface band (6) at each temporal scanning interval.
The tile (3) is preferably in movement while the matrix of photodetectors (4) and the plurality of lamps (7) are fixed. There follows a description and the functioning of an embodiment of the device (1).
The plurality of lamps (7) comprises seven LEDs which switch on one at a time with a cyclic sequence; the LEDs emit lights corresponding respectively to red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and violet (see figure 4). The LEDs are arranged to illuminate a portion of surface (27) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) comprising the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3).
The device (1) comprises a 2D CMOS area sensor camera (10) which actively uses only a sub-matrix of photodetectors (4) having seven rows of adjacent photodetectors (5) denoted as "j, j+1 ,.., j+6" (see figure 3).
In a first functioning example, the tile (3) is moved in stepped motion: it remains stationary during a switching-on cycle of the LEDs and at the end of the switching-on cycle the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) by a step which is equal to the width of the surface band (6). At each switching-on cycle of the LEDs, the sub-matrix of the photodetectors (4) acquires as many images of the surface band (6) as there are LEDs; the resulting data can be combined subsequently to complete the reconstruction of the image of the surface band (6). The number of rows of photodetectors (5) can also be less than seven; in this case the width of the surface band (6) will be reduced.
In a second and preferred functioning example, illustrated in figures 5-11, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to displace the tile (3) in a stepped motion. In this case too the velocity is such that at each switching-on cycle of the LEDs the conveyor means (8) have moved the tile (3) so as the tile (3) is wholly displaced by a quantity equal to the width of the surface band (6): specifically, each step corresponding to the width of an elementary strip. Figures 5-11 clarify how it is possible to reconstruct the image of an elementary strip of coloured surfaces (2) of the tile (3), as described in the following. At a first temporal scanning interval ti a first LED is switched on to emit a red light (1 1 ) (denoted in dots) and the remaining LEDs are switched off. The sub- matrix (4) acquires the image of a first surface band (6) as follows: a first row of photodetectors (j) acquires the image of a first elementary strip (12) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3); a second row of photodetectors (j+1 ) acquires the image of a second elementary strip of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3), which is adjacent to the first elementary strip (12); a third row of photodetectors (j+2) acquires the image of a third elementary strip (14) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) which is adjacent to the second elementary strip (13); a fourth row of photodetectors (j+3) acquires the image of a fourth elementary strip (15) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) which is adjacent to the third elementary strip (14); a fifth row of photodetectors (j+4) acquires the image of a fifth elementary strip (16) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile which is adjacent to the fourth elementary strip (15); a sixth row of photodetectors (j+5) acquires the image of a sixth elementary strip (17) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) which is adjacent to the fifth elementary strip (16); a seventh row of photodetectors (j+6) acquires the image of a seventh elementary strip (18) (in the figures 5-1 1 denoted with lining) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) which is adjacent to the sixth elementary strip (17) (see figure 5). At a second temporal scanning interval t2 which follows the first temporal scanning interval ti, the first LED is switched off and a second LED is switched on to emit an orange light (19); further, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) of one step corresponding to a width of an elementary strip so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the sixth row of photodetectors (j+5); see figure 6.
At a third temporal scanning interval t3 which follows the second temporal scanning interval t2, the second LED is switched off and a third LED is switched on to emit a yellow light (20); then, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to displace the tile (3) of a further step so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the fifth row of photodetectors (j+4); see figure 7. At a fourth temporal scanning interval t4 which follows the third temporal scanning interval t3, the third LED is switched off and a fourth LED is switched on to emit a green light (21); then, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) of a further step so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the fourth row of photodetectors (j+3); see figure 8.
At a fifth temporal scanning interval t5 which follows the fourth temporal scanning interval , the fourth LED is switched off and a fifth LED is switched on to emit a cyan light (22); after that, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) of a further step so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the third row of photodetectors (j+2); see figure 9.
At a sixth temporal scanning interval t6 which follows the fifth temporal scanning interval t5, the fifth LED is switched off and a sixth LED is switched on to emit a blue light (23); then, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) of a further step so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the second row of photodetectors (9)(j+1); see figure 10.
At a seventh temporal scanning interval t7 which follows the sixth temporal scanning interval t6, the sixth LED is switched off and a seventh LED is switched on to emit a violet light (24); then, the conveyor means (8) are activated so as to move the tile (3) of a further step so that the image of the seventh elementary strip (18) is acquired by the first row of photodetectors G); see figure 11. The images acquired by the sub-matrix of photodetectors (4) in a switching-on cycle of the LEDs thus enable reconstructing the image of the seventh elementary strip (18). A like description could be made for the other elementary strips, which form the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3), with the aim of reconstructing the image of the whole coloured surface (2) of the tile (3). To optimise the illumination of the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) of the tile (3) the lamps can be duplicated and arranged symmetrically with respect to the surface band (6); in other words, the device (1) can comprise not only a first group (25) of LEDs made up of seven LEDs which emit the red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and violet, but also a second group (26) of LEDs which is identical to the first group, see figure 1. Thus, at each temporal scanning interval a LED of the first group (25) is switched on and a LED of the second group (26) is switched on to gradually emit the red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and violet.
The above is understood to have been described by way of non-limiting example, and any constructional variants are understood to fall within the protective scope of the present technical solution, as claimed in the following.

Claims

1) A device (1) for scanning a coloured surface (2) of a tile (3), characterised in that it comprises: a matrix of photodetectors (4) comprising a plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) which are parallel and placed side by side, the matrix of photodetectors (4) does not comprise any colour filter above the photodetectors (4) and the rows of photodetectors (5) are near each other and spaced by a distance equal to at least one pixel only; the matrix of photodetectors (4) being arranged such as to acquire, in synchrony with a temporal scanning interval, an image of a surface band (6) of a coloured surface (2) to be scanned of a tile (3); a plurality of lamps (7) each having a light emission spectrum different from a light emission spectrum of a further lamp of the plurality of lamps (7); the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) being arranged such as to illuminate the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3); the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) being commandable to switch on at least one at a time at each temporal scanning interval; conveyor means (8) provided for restingly receive and transport the tile (3) to be scanned and for determining a relative movement between the tile (3), on one side, and the matrix of photodetectors (4) and the plurality of lamps (7), on the other side, in a movement direction which is perpendicular to the plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) such that for each surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3) a predetermined number of images is acquired .
2) The device (1) of any one of the preceding claims, comprising a 2D CMOS area sensor camera (10) which incorporates the photodetectors matrix (4).
3) The device (1) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) are LEDs. 4) The device (1) of the preceding claim, wherein the LEDs emit lights of different colour with respect to each other.
5) The device (1) of claim 4 or 5, wherein the LEDs have light emission spectrums equidistanced to each other in order to uniformly cover a predefined range of frequencies.
6) The device (1) of the preceding claim, wherein the range of frequencies is between 400nm and 750nm.
7) A method for scanning a coloured surface (2) of a tile (3), characterised in that it comprises steps of: providing a matrix of photodetectors (4) comprising a plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) which are parallel and placed side by side, the matrix of photodetectors (4) does not comprise any colour filter above the photodetectors (4) and the rows of photodetectors (5) are near each other and spaced by a distance equal to at least one pixel only; positioning the matrix of photodetectors (4) such as to acquire an image of a surface band (6) of a coloured surface (2) to be scanned of a tile (3); commanding the matrix of photodetectors (4) such as to acquire the image of the surface band (6) in synchrony with a temporal scanning interval; providing a plurality of lamps (7) each having a light emission spectrum different from the light emission spectrum of a further lamp of the plurality of lamps (7); positioning the plurality of lamps (7) such as to illuminate the surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3); commanding the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) to switch on at least one at a time for each temporal scanning interval; providing conveyor means (8) for restingly receive and transport the tile (3) to be scanned and for determining a relative movement between the tile (3), on one side, and the matrix of photodetectors (4) and the plurality of lamps (7), on the other side, in a movement direction which is perpendicular to the plurality of rows of photodetectors (5) such that for each surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3) a predetermined number of images is acquired.
8) The method of the preceding claim, wherein the lamps of the plurality of lamps (7) are commanded to switch on one at a time in a cyclic sequence and wherein for each surface band (6) of the coloured surface (2) to be scanned of the tile (3) a number of images equal to the number of lamps is acquired.
PCT/IB2014/062591 2013-06-26 2014-06-25 A method for scanning a coloured surface of a tile and a device for actuating the method WO2014207675A1 (en)

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CN201480036090.8A CN105358948B (en) 2013-06-26 2014-06-25 A kind of device for scanning the method for ceramic tile coloured surface and implementing this method
PL14744181T PL3014228T3 (en) 2013-06-26 2014-06-25 A method for scanning a coloured surface of a tile
ES14744181T ES2864348T3 (en) 2013-06-26 2014-06-25 A method of scanning a colored surface of a tile
BR112015031670-0A BR112015031670B1 (en) 2013-06-26 2014-06-25 method for checking the colored surface of a ceramic and a device for triggering the method
EP14744181.0A EP3014228B1 (en) 2013-06-26 2014-06-25 A method for scanning a coloured surface of a tile

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IT000332A ITBO20130332A1 (en) 2013-06-26 2013-06-26 METHOD TO SCANNING A COLOR SURFACE OF AN ARTICLE AND DEVICE THAT ACTIVES THIS METHOD
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BR112015031670A2 (en) 2017-07-25

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