WO2014203519A1 - 全熱交換素子用仕切部材、その部材を用いた全熱交換素子、および全熱交換形換気装置 - Google Patents

全熱交換素子用仕切部材、その部材を用いた全熱交換素子、および全熱交換形換気装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014203519A1
WO2014203519A1 PCT/JP2014/003238 JP2014003238W WO2014203519A1 WO 2014203519 A1 WO2014203519 A1 WO 2014203519A1 JP 2014003238 W JP2014003238 W JP 2014003238W WO 2014203519 A1 WO2014203519 A1 WO 2014203519A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
total heat
exchange element
partition member
moisture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/003238
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
洋祐 浜田
みゆき 大友
慶太 高橋
Original Assignee
パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 filed Critical パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社
Priority to CN201480034936.4A priority Critical patent/CN105324625B/zh
Priority to US14/897,477 priority patent/US9879869B2/en
Publication of WO2014203519A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014203519A1/ja

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/147Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification with both heat and humidity transfer between supplied and exhausted air
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/02Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the pressure or velocity of the primary air
    • F24F3/04Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the pressure or velocity of the primary air operating with high pressure or high velocity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0014Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste air or from vapors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0015Heat and mass exchangers, e.g. with permeable walls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0037Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/048Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1435Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification comprising semi-permeable membrane
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/106Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with cross flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a partition member for a total heat exchange element, a total heat exchange element using the member, and a total heat exchange type ventilator.
  • the total heat exchange type ventilator exchanges heat between the air supply and exhaust during ventilation, and can ventilate without impairing the effects of cooling and heating.
  • a partition member for a total heat exchange element having heat conductivity and moisture permeability, and a total heat exchange element using the partition member for the total heat exchange element as a partition plate are used. .
  • the material of the total heat exchange element is required to have a gas barrier property (mainly carbon dioxide barrier property) that prevents the supply air and the exhaust gas from intermingling and heat transfer properties.
  • a gas barrier property mainly carbon dioxide barrier property
  • a total heat exchange element that simultaneously performs sensible heat exchange and latent heat exchange also requires high moisture permeability.
  • condensation or icing is generated inside the element, so that water resistance is also required.
  • the partition member for the total heat exchange element used for the total heat exchange element was prepared as follows. That is, the partition member for the total heat exchange element was water insolubilized after a porous sheet containing 30% by weight or more of hydrophilic fibers was coated with a moisture-permeable material in which a hydrophilic polymer was dissolved in an aqueous solution (for example, , See Patent Document 1).
  • the moisture-permeable material was directly applied to the porous sheet containing 30% by weight or more of the hydrophilic fibers, the moisture-permeable material was thick and the moisture-permeable performance was low. That is, the layer of the moisture permeable substance is peeled off from the porous sheet only by applying the moisture permeable substance to the surface of the porous sheet. For this reason, in the conventional partition member for a total heat exchange element, it is necessary that the moisture-permeable material is soaked into the layer having many hydrophilic fibers.
  • the thickness of the layer having many hydrophilic fiber layers cannot be adjusted. Therefore, in order to ensure the gas barrier property, the moisture-permeable material is applied more than necessary, and the thickness of the moisture-permeable material is increased. As a result, the total heat exchange ventilator has a problem of low moisture permeability and low total heat exchange efficiency.
  • the present invention is a partition member for a total heat exchange element, and an ultrafine fiber portion is provided on a porous sheet.
  • the ultrafine fiber part is impregnated or coated with a moisture-permeable material and insolubilized in water.
  • Such a partition member for a total heat exchange element has a necessary strength by using a porous sheet as a base material. Therefore, the ultrafine fiber portion can be formed thin by reducing the fiber diameter. Further, since the ultrafine fiber portion has a thin fiber diameter and can absorb the moisture permeable material by capillary force, the moisture permeable material can be collected in the ultrafine fiber layer, and the thickness control of the moisture permeable material becomes easy. Furthermore, since the ultrafine fiber part has a small fiber diameter, the porosity can be increased while maintaining the strength, and the content of the moisture-permeable substance can be increased.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an installation example of a total heat exchange type ventilator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a structure of the total heat exchange type ventilator.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a total heat exchange element of the total heat exchange type ventilator.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a total heat exchange element of the total heat exchange type ventilator.
  • FIG. 5 is sectional drawing which shows the base material of the partition member for the total heat exchange elements of the total heat exchange type ventilator.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a partition member for a total heat exchange element of the total heat exchange type ventilator.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an installation example of a total heat exchange type ventilator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a total heat exchange type ventilator 2 is installed inside the house 1.
  • the indoor air 15 is discharged to the outside through the total heat exchange type ventilator 2 as indicated by a black arrow.
  • the outdoor air 16 is taken into the room through the total heat exchange type ventilator 2 as indicated by a white arrow.
  • ventilation is performed and the heat of the indoor air 15 is transmitted to the outdoor air 16 in the winter, and the release of the heat of the indoor air 15 is suppressed.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of the total heat exchange type ventilator according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the total heat exchange type ventilator 2 has a total heat exchange element 4 disposed in a main body case 3.
  • the fan 5 When the fan 5 is driven, the indoor air 15 is sucked from the inside air port 6 and is exhausted from the exhaust port 7 to the outside via the total heat exchange element 4 and the fan 5.
  • the outdoor air 16 is sucked from the outside air port 9 and taken into the indoor through the air supply port 10 via the total heat exchange element 4 and the fan 8.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the total heat exchange element of the total heat exchange type ventilator according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing the total heat exchange element of the total heat exchange type ventilator.
  • the total heat exchange element 4 has a total heat exchange element partition member 14 attached to a rectangular opening of the frame 11.
  • the indoor air wind path rib 12 and the outdoor air wind path rib 13 are alternately pinched
  • Indoor air 15 flows between the adjacent frame bodies 11, and outdoor air 16 flows between the adjacent frame bodies 11, and heat exchange between the indoor air 15 and the outdoor air 16 is performed.
  • the indoor air 15 contains moisture due to heating and human exhalation.
  • the outdoor air 16 is dry.
  • the indoor air 15 and the outdoor air 16 flow on both surfaces of the total heat exchange element partition member 14, whereby the heat of the indoor air 15 is transmitted to the outdoor air 16. Further, moisture in the indoor air 15 is transmitted to the outdoor air 16 by moisture transmission through the partition member for total heat exchange element 14.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a base material of a partition member for a total heat exchange element of the total heat exchange type ventilator according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a total of the total heat exchange type ventilator according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the partition member for heat exchange elements.
  • the base material of the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element shown in FIG. 6 has an ultrafine fiber portion 17 as an ultrafine fiber layer laminated on a porous sheet 18. 5 is impregnated or coated with the moisture-permeable substance 21 shown in FIG. 6 and insolubilized in water, thereby forming the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element.
  • the moisture permeable substance 21 is applied between the ultrafine fibers 19, and the moisture permeable part 20 is laminated on the porous sheet 18 to obtain the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element.
  • the ultrafine fiber 19 constituting the ultrafine fiber portion 17 has a small fiber diameter
  • the ultrafine fiber portion 17 is a thin layer having a small average pore diameter and a high porosity.
  • the ultrafine fiber 19 can hold the moisture permeable material 21 by capillary force, and the moisture permeable portion 20 can be formed thin.
  • the ratio of the moisture permeable substance 21 contained in the moisture permeable part 20 can also be made high.
  • the parts that are resistant to moisture permeation of the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element are the moisture permeable part 20 and the porous sheet 18. Moisture passes through the voids of the porous sheet 18 and the moisture permeable substance 21 of the moisture permeable portion 20. Comparing the voids of the porous sheet 18 with the moisture permeable substance 21, the voids in which moisture can move in the form of water vapor are unlikely to become resistance. Therefore, the resistance of the moisture permeable portion 20 filled with the moisture permeable substance 21 determines the ease of moisture permeability. For this reason, if the moisture permeable part 20 is formed thinly, the moisture permeable performance of the partition member 14 for total heat exchange elements is improved.
  • the ultrafine fibers 19 included in the moisture permeable portion 20 have lower moisture permeability than the moisture permeable substance 21. Therefore, the moisture permeability can be improved by increasing the ratio of the moisture permeable substance 21 included in the moisture permeable portion 20.
  • a porous sheet 18 having an average pore diameter of 15 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less and a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less and an ultrafine fiber part 17 having an average pore diameter of 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less and a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less are laminated. May be.
  • the porous sheet 18 Since the pores having an average pore diameter of 15 ⁇ m or more are opened in the porous sheet 18, drainage of the moisture permeable substance 21 is promoted. And since the moisture-permeable part 20 approaches the thickness of the ultrafine fiber part 17, moisture-permeable performance goes up. However, if the porous sheet 18 has pores with an average pore diameter larger than 100 ⁇ m, if the moisture permeable part 20 is thin, the porous sheet 18 may not be able to support the moisture permeable part 20. Moreover, when the thickness of the porous sheet 18 is less than 20 ⁇ m, the strength may be insufficient, and when the thickness exceeds 500 ⁇ m, the moisture permeability may be deteriorated.
  • the ultrafine fiber 19 in the present invention is a fiber having a fiber diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
  • the porous sheet 18 can realize the above-mentioned average pore diameter and thickness.
  • the porous sheet 18 is not limited to a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric. However, when the porous sheet 18 is a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric, the fiber diameter is larger than that of the ultrafine fiber 19, and a fiber diameter of 3 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m is preferable.
  • the fiber diameter of the porous sheet 18 is less than 3 ⁇ m, the strength of the single fiber is low and the strength as a reinforcing material becomes insufficient.
  • the fiber diameter of the porous sheet 18 is 50 ⁇ m or more, the thickness of the porous sheet 18 is increased, and the moisture permeability is deteriorated.
  • the moisture permeable material 21 is entangled with the ultrafine fiber portion 17 and the moisture permeable material 21 is prevented from falling off.
  • the average pore diameter of the ultrafine fiber portion 17 is less than 0.01 ⁇ m, the locations where the moisture permeable substance 21 is linearly arranged in the thickness direction of the moisture permeable portion 20 are reduced. Therefore, there is a possibility that the moisture moving distance is extended and the moisture permeability is lowered.
  • the thickness of the ultrafine fiber portion 17 is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, partial pinholes are likely to occur, and the gas barrier property as the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element may not be secured.
  • the thickness of the ultrafine fiber portion 17 exceeds 20 ⁇ m, the moisture permeable portion 20 becomes too thick and the moisture permeability performance may be deteriorated.
  • the moisture permeable substance 21 may be polymerized and impregnated with water by being polymerized after impregnation or coating with a hydrophilic organic low molecular weight compound.
  • the organic low molecular weight compound When the organic low molecular weight compound is applied to the ultrafine fiber portion 17, the organic low molecular weight compound penetrates into the fine pores of the ultrafine fiber portion 17. Thereafter, the organic low molecular weight compound is polymerized to make the moisture permeable substance 21 insoluble in water, and the moisture permeable part 20 in which the moisture permeable substance 21 is packed more densely is obtained. As a result, the moisture permeability resistance of the moisture permeable portion 20 is reduced, and the moisture permeability performance of the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element is improved.
  • the ultrafine fiber portion 17 may be impregnated or coated with the moisture-permeable substance 21.
  • a partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element is formed by adhering the porous sheet 18 and the ultrafine fibers 19 by the heat-fusible component of the porous sheet 18 without using a moisture permeation inhibiting substance such as an adhesive. Improves moisture permeability. Furthermore, the fine fibers 19 are easily adhered to the porous sheet 18 without unevenness. Therefore, when the ultrafine fibers 19 are impregnated or coated with the moisture permeable substance 21, peeling of the ultrafine fibers 19 from the porous sheet 18 is suppressed. As a result, since the loss of the moisture permeable portion 20 is also suppressed, the gas barrier property of the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element is also improved.
  • the porous sheet 18 and the ultrafine fiber portion 17 may be thermally bonded after the ultrafine fiber portion 17 is impregnated or coated with the moisture permeable substance 21.
  • the moisture permeable substance 21 does not infiltrate into the porous sheet 18. Therefore, the porosity reduction of the porous sheet 18 is suppressed.
  • the porous sheet is impregnated or coated with the moisture-permeable material 21, that is, when the thermal bonding is performed later than when the thermal bonding is performed first. A decrease in the moisture permeation performance of 18 is suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a decrease in moisture permeability of the partition member 14 for total heat exchange elements, which is preferable.
  • porous sheet 18 may contain a heat-fusible component, and the porous sheet 18 and the ultrafine fiber 19 and the porous sheet 18 and the moisture-permeable substance 21 may be thermally bonded.
  • the porous sheet 18 and the ultrafine fiber 19 and the porous sheet 18 and the moisture permeable substance 21 are thermally bonded by the heat-fusible component of the porous sheet 18 without using a moisture permeability inhibiting substance such as an adhesive.
  • a moisture permeability inhibiting substance such as an adhesive.
  • the moisture permeability of the total heat exchange element partition member 14 is improved.
  • the moisture permeable part 20 is easily adhered to the porous sheet 18 without unevenness. Therefore, the loss of the moisture permeable part 20 due to the peeling of the moisture permeable part 20 from the porous sheet 18 can be suppressed, and the gas barrier property of the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element is also improved.
  • a drug having a quaternary ammonium group may be used as the moisture permeable substance 21, a drug having a quaternary ammonium group.
  • the quaternary ammonium group has a large charge bias and does not form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, so it has high moisture absorption and desorption properties. For this reason, the moisture permeability of the partition member 14 for total heat exchange elements is improved.
  • the heat-fusible component of the porous sheet 18 a polymer having a hydrophilic group may be used.
  • the surface of the porous sheet 18 becomes easy to adsorb
  • gap of the porous sheet 18 becomes easy to increase.
  • the water vapor transfer from the indoor air 15 or the outdoor air 16 shown in FIG. That is, since the water vapor movement from the indoor air 15 or the outdoor air 16 to the moisture permeable portion 20 is promoted through the gap of the porous sheet 18, the moisture permeable performance of the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element is improved.
  • the porous sheet 18 may be a core-sheath type composite fiber in which a low melting point component that can be heat-sealed to the outer layer and a high melting point component in the inner layer may be used. Thereby, even if the low melting point component of the outer layer reaches a temperature at which heat fusion can be performed, the high melting point component of the inner layer does not melt. Therefore, the thermal contraction of the porous sheet 18 does not occur, and the porous sheet 18 maintains a certain shape.
  • the ultrafine fiber part 17 or the moisture permeable part 20 is not easily deformed and contracted by the thermal contraction of the porous sheet 18 at the time of bonding. As a result, a decrease in moisture permeation performance caused by the thick moisture permeable portion 20 is suppressed.
  • the adhesion point between the porous sheet 18 and the moisture permeable portion 20 can be formed in the vicinity of the point where the porous sheet 18 and the moisture permeable portion 20 are in contact with each other. Therefore, the surface area of the moisture permeable part 20 facing the porous sheet 18 is increased, and the moisture permeable performance of the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element is improved. Furthermore, since the porous sheet 18 is not easily deformed at the time of bonding, the loss of the moisture permeable part 20 due to the peeling of the moisture permeable part 20 is suppressed, and the gas barrier property of the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element is also improved.
  • any one of the above-described partition members for total heat exchange elements 14 may be used for the total heat exchange element 4.
  • the partition member 14 for the total heat exchange element with high moisture permeability as the total heat exchange element 4, the total heat exchange element 4 with high latent heat exchange efficiency can be obtained.
  • the total heat exchange element 4 described above may be used for the total heat exchange type ventilator 2.
  • the total heat exchange type ventilator 2 with high total heat exchange efficiency is obtained.
  • porous sheet 18 examples include a nonwoven fabric, a plastic film, and a woven fabric.
  • the material of the porous sheet 18 is preferably a water-resistant material such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester, polyamide, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polyacrylonitrile, or polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the heat-fusible component of the porous sheet 18 is preferably a material having a hydrophilic functional group, such as a polymer in which a hydrophilic group is introduced into a low-melting-point component such as polyethylene, polyester, or polypropylene by graft polymerization. Can be mentioned.
  • the material of the ultrafine fiber 19 is also preferably a water resistant material, and the same material as the porous sheet 18 may be used.
  • Examples of the method for producing the ultrafine fiber 19 include a melt blown method, an electrostatic spinning method, and the like, but are not limited thereto, and a known method may be used.
  • the moisture-permeable substance 21 is preferably a polymer having a hydrophilic functional group, for example, a hydroxyl group, a sulfone group, an ester bond, a urethane bond, a carboxyl group, a carbo group, a phosphate group, an amino group, or a quaternary ammonium. Groups and the like. In particular, as described above, a quaternary ammonium group is preferable because of its high hygroscopic property.
  • the method of adding the moisture permeable substance 21 to the ultrafine fiber portion 17 includes impregnation or coating, but a coating method in which the coating amount can be controlled is particularly preferable.
  • a coating method a known method such as a spray method, a gravure coating method, a die coating method, an ink jet method, or a comma coating method is used.
  • an organic compound having a plurality of polymerization sites may be added as a cross-linking material in addition to the hydrophilic organic low-molecular compound.
  • a cross-linking material By adding such a crosslinking material, the water resistance of the organic polymer compound after polymerization is increased, the strength of the moisture permeable portion 20 is improved, and the swelling suppression effect due to water absorption is obtained.
  • the polymerization method of the moisture permeable substance 21 includes radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, ring-opening polymerization, and the like, and radical polymerization accompanied by a rapid increase in molecular weight is particularly suitable. This is because the polymer compound after polymerization tends to stay in the ultrafine fiber portion 17 and the uniform moisture permeable portion 20 is easily formed due to the rapid increase in molecular weight.
  • the radical polymerization method a known method is used, for example, polymerization using heat, ultraviolet rays, or radiation is performed. In particular, when radiation is used for the polymerization, the moisture-permeable substance 21 and the ultrafine fiber 19 can be bonded to each other, so that the water resistance is improved.
  • the partition member for a total heat exchange element of the present invention is useful for a total heat exchange element, a total heat exchange type ventilator, and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

全熱交換素子用仕切部材(14)は、多孔質シート(18)上に極細繊維部(17)が備えられている。極細繊維部(17)は、透湿性物質(21)が含浸または塗工され、水不溶化されている。

Description

全熱交換素子用仕切部材、その部材を用いた全熱交換素子、および全熱交換形換気装置
 本発明は全熱交換素子用仕切部材、その部材を用いた全熱交換素子、および全熱交換形換気装置に関する。
 全熱交換形換気装置は、換気の際に給気と排気とが熱交換を行い、冷房および暖房の効果が損なわれずに換気できる。このような全熱交換形換気装置では、伝熱性と透湿性とを有する全熱交換素子用仕切部材、その全熱交換素子用仕切部材を仕切板に用いた全熱交換素子が使用されている。
 全熱交換素子の素材には、給気と排気とが交じり合わないようにするガスバリア性(主として二酸化炭素バリア性)と、伝熱性とが求められる。特に、顕熱交換と潜熱交換とを同時に行う全熱交換素子は、高い透湿性も必要である。また、寒冷地および熱帯地など室内外の温湿度差が大きい場合、素子内部に結露または結氷が発生するため、耐水性も必要である。
 そのため全熱交換素子に用いる全熱交換素子用仕切部材は、以下のように作成されていた。すなわち全熱交換素子用仕切部材は、親水性繊維が30重量%以上含有する多孔質シートに、親水性高分子が水溶液化された透湿性物質が塗工された後に水不溶化されていた(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
特開2008-14623号公報
 従来の全熱交換素子用仕切部材では、親水性繊維が30重量%以上含有する多孔質シートに透湿性物質が直接塗工されたため、透湿性物質の厚みが厚く、透湿性能が低かった。すなわち、多孔質シートの表面に透湿性物質が塗工されるだけでは、透湿性物質の層が多孔質シートから剥離する。そのため従来の全熱交換素子用仕切部材では、親水性繊維の多い層に透湿性物質が浸みこむ必要があった。
 しかし従来の全熱交換素子用仕切部材では、親水性繊維層の多い層の厚みが調整できない。そのためガスバリア性が担保されるためには、必要以上に透湿性物質が塗工され、透湿性物質の厚みが厚くなっていた。その結果、全熱交換形換気装置は透湿性能が低く、全熱交換効率が低いという課題があった。
 そこで本発明は全熱交換素子用仕切部材であって、多孔質シート上に極細繊維部が備えられている。極細繊維部は、透湿性物質が含浸または塗工され、水不溶化されている。
 このような全熱交換素子用仕切部材は、基材として多孔質シートを用いることにより、必要な強度が確保される。そのため、極細繊維部は繊維径を細くして、薄く形成することができる。また極細繊維部は繊維径が細いことにより、毛細管力により透湿性物質を吸収できるため、透湿性物質を極細繊維層に集めることができ、透湿性物質の厚み制御が容易になる。さらに極細繊維部は繊維径が細いことから、強度を保ちつつ空隙率を高めることができ、透湿性物質の含有量を高めることができる。その結果、透湿性物質を薄く高濃度に含有した層が形成できるため、透湿性能の高い全熱交換素子用仕切部材が得られ、全熱交換効率の高い全熱交換形換気装置が得られる。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態の全熱交換形換気装置の設置例を示す概要図である。 図2は、同全熱交換形換気装置の構造を示す図である。 図3は、同全熱交換形換気装置の全熱交換素子を示す斜視図である。 図4は、同全熱交換形換気装置の全熱交換素子を示す分解斜視図である。 図5は、同全熱交換形換気装置の全熱交換素子用仕切部材の基材を示す断面図である。 図6は、同全熱交換形換気装置の全熱交換素子用仕切部材を示す断面図である。
 以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。
 (実施の形態)
 図1は、本発明の実施の形態の全熱交換形換気装置の設置例を示す概要図である。図1に示すように家1の内部に、全熱交換形換気装置2が設置されている。屋内空気15は、黒色矢印のように全熱交換形換気装置2を介して屋外に放出される。また屋外空気16は、白色矢印のように全熱交換形換気装置2を介して室内にとり入れられる。その結果、換気が行われるとともに、冬季においては屋内空気15の熱が屋外空気16へと伝達され、屋内空気15の熱の放出が抑制される。
 図2は、本発明の実施の形態の全熱交換形換気装置の構造を示す図である。図2に示すように全熱交換形換気装置2は、本体ケース3内に全熱交換素子4が配置されている。ファン5が駆動されると、屋内空気15が内気口6から吸い込まれ、全熱交換素子4、ファン5を経由し、排気口7から屋外へ排出される。
 またファン8が駆動されると、屋外空気16が外気口9から吸い込まれ、全熱交換素子4、ファン8を経由し、給気口10から屋内へ取り入れられる。
 図3は本発明の実施の形態の全熱交換形換気装置の全熱交換素子を示す斜視図、図4は同全熱交換形換気装置の全熱交換素子を示す分解斜視図である。図3、図4に示すように全熱交換素子4は、枠体11の矩形開口部に全熱交換素子用仕切部材14が装着されている。そして屋内空気風路リブ12と、屋外空気風路リブ13とが交互に挟まれ、所定間隔を有して配置されている。隣接する枠体11間に屋内空気15、次に隣接する枠体11間に屋外空気16が流され、屋内空気15と屋外空気16との熱交換が行われる。
 冬季の場合、屋内空気15は暖房および人の呼気などから湿気を含んでいる。また屋外空気16は、乾燥している。屋内空気15と屋外空気16とが、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14の両面をそれぞれ流れることにより、屋内空気15の熱が屋外空気16に伝えられる。また、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14を介した湿気伝達により、屋内空気15の水分が屋外空気16に伝えられる。
 図5は本発明の実施の形態の全熱交換形換気装置の全熱交換素子用仕切部材の基材を示す断面図、図6は本発明の実施の形態の全熱交換形換気装置の全熱交換素子用仕切部材を示す断面図である。図6に示す全熱交換素子用仕切部材14の基材は、図5に示すように多孔質シート18の上に極細繊維層としての極細繊維部17が積層されている。そして図5に示す極細繊維部17に、図6に示す透湿性物質21が含浸または塗工され、水不溶化することにより全熱交換素子用仕切部材14が形成される。
 図6に示すように透湿性物質21は、極細繊維19の間に塗工され、多孔質シート18の上に透湿部20が積層されて全熱交換素子用仕切部材14が得られる。極細繊維部17を構成する極細繊維19は繊維径が細いため、極細繊維部17は平均孔径が小さく空隙率の高い、薄い層となる。さらに極細繊維19は、毛細管力により透湿性物質21を保持でき、透湿部20は薄く形成されうる。また、透湿部20に含まれる透湿性物質21の割合も高くできる。
 全熱交換素子用仕切部材14の透湿に対し抵抗となる部位は、透湿部20と多孔質シート18とである。水分は多孔質シート18の空隙と、透湿部20の透湿性物質21とを通過する。多孔質シート18の空隙と透湿性物質21とを比較すると、水分が水蒸気の形にて移動できる空隙は抵抗になりにくい。そのため、透湿性物質21により充填されている透湿部20の抵抗が、透湿のしやすさを決める。このため透湿部20が薄く形成されると、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14の透湿性能が上げられる。さらに透湿部20に含まれる極細繊維19は、透湿性物質21に比べ透湿性が低い。そのため、透湿部20に含まれる透湿性物質21の割合が高められることによっても透湿性能が上げられる。
 また、平均孔径が15μm以上100μm以下かつ厚みが20μm以上500μm以下の多孔質シート18と、平均孔径が0.01μm以上10μm以下かつ厚みが0.5μm以上20μm以下の極細繊維部17とが積層されてもよい。
 多孔質シート18に平均孔径15μm以上の孔が開いていることにより、透湿性物質21の液抜けが促進される。そして透湿部20が極細繊維部17の厚みに近づくため、透湿性能が上がる。ただし多孔質シート18に、100μmよりも大きな平均孔径の孔が開いていると透湿部20が薄い場合、多孔質シート18が透湿部20を支えきれなくなる可能性がある。また、多孔質シート18の厚みが20μm未満となると強度が不足する恐れがあり、厚みが500μmを超えると透湿性能が低下する恐れがある。
 本発明における極細繊維19とは、繊維径が0.1μm以上3μm以下の繊維である。極細繊維19がこの繊維径を備えることにより、多孔質シート18は前述の平均孔径および厚みが実現できる。多孔質シート18は、不織布または織布に限らない。しかし多孔質シート18が、不織布または織布の場合、繊維径は極細繊維19よりも大きく、3μmから50μmの繊維径が好適である。多孔質シート18の繊維径が3μmを下回ると、単繊維の強度が低く、補強材としての強度が不十分となる。また多孔質シート18の繊維径が50μm以上であると、多孔質シート18の厚みが厚くなり、透湿性能が低下するので好ましくない。
 極細繊維部17の平均孔径が10μm以下であると、透湿性物質21が極細繊維部17に絡まり、透湿性物質21の脱落が抑制される。ただし、極細繊維部17の平均孔径が0.01μm未満であると、透湿部20の厚み方向に直線的に透湿性物質21が配置されている箇所が減少する。そのため、水分の移動距離が伸び、透湿性能が低下する恐れがある。また、極細繊維部17の厚みが0.5μm未満であると、部分的なピンホールが生じやすくなり、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14としてのガスバリア性が担保できなくなる恐れが有る。また極細繊維部17の厚みが20μmを超えると、透湿部20が厚くなりすぎて透湿性能が低下する恐れがある。
 また透湿性物質21は、親水性の有機低分子化合物が含浸または塗工された後、重合されることにより高分子化され、水不溶化されてもよい。
 極細繊維部17に有機低分子化合物が塗工されることにより、極細繊維部17の細かい孔まで有機低分子化合物が浸透する。その後、有機低分子化合物が重合されて透湿性物質21が水不溶化され、より密に透湿性物質21が詰まった透湿部20が得られる。その結果、透湿部20の透湿抵抗が低下し、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14の透湿性能が向上する。
 また、多孔質シート18が熱融着性成分を含み、多孔質シート18と極細繊維部17とが熱接着された後に、極細繊維部17に透湿性物質21が含浸または塗工されてもよい。
 接着剤等の透湿阻害物質が使用されることなく、多孔質シート18の熱融着性成分により多孔質シート18と極細繊維19とが接着されることにより、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14の透湿性能が向上する。さらに、多孔質シート18に極細繊維19がムラなく接着しやすくなる。そのため、極細繊維19に透湿性物質21が含浸または塗工される際、多孔質シート18から極細繊維19の剥離が抑制される。その結果、透湿部20の欠損も抑制されるので、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14のガスバリア性も向上する。
 また、極細繊維部17に透湿性物質21が含浸または塗工された後に多孔質シート18と極細繊維部17とが熱接着されてもよい。このことにより、多孔質シート18内に透湿性物質21が浸潤しない。そのため、多孔質シート18の空隙率低下が抑制される。多孔質シート18に極細繊維部17が熱接着された後に、透湿性物質21が含浸または塗工される場合、すなわち熱接着が先である場合に比べ、熱接着が後の場合は多孔質シート18の透湿性能の低下が抑制される。そのため、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14の透湿性能の低下が抑制でき、好適である。
 また、多孔質シート18が熱融着性成分を含み、多孔質シート18と極細繊維19及び多孔質シート18と透湿性物質21が熱接着されてもよい。
 接着剤等の透湿阻害物質が使用されることなく、多孔質シート18の熱融着性成分により多孔質シート18と極細繊維19及び多孔質シート18と透湿性物質21が熱接着されることにより、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14の透湿性能が向上する。さらに、多孔質シート18に透湿部20がムラなく接着されやすくなる。そのため、多孔質シート18から透湿部20の剥離による透湿部20の欠損が抑制でき、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14のガスバリア性も向上する。
 また透湿性物質21として、第四級アンモニウム基を備えた薬剤が用いられてもよい。第四級アンモニウム基は電荷の偏りが大きく、水分子と水素結合を作らないため、水の吸放湿性が高い。このため、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14の透湿性能が向上する。
 また多孔質シート18の熱融着性成分として、親水基を有するポリマーが用いられてもよい。これにより、多孔質シート18の表面が水蒸気を吸着し易くなるため、多孔質シート18の空隙内部の水蒸気濃度が高まりやすくなる。その結果、図4の屋内空気15または屋外空気16から多孔質シート18の空隙への水蒸気移行が促進される。すなわち、多孔質シート18の空隙を介し、屋内空気15または屋外空気16から透湿部20への水蒸気移動が促進されるため、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14の透湿性能が向上する。
 また、多孔質シート18は外層に熱融着可能な低融点成分が、内層に高融点成分を用いた芯鞘型複合繊維が用いられていてもよい。これにより、外層の低融点成分が熱融着可能な温度になっても、内層の高融点成分は溶融しない。そのため、多孔質シート18の熱収縮が生じず、多孔質シート18は一定の形状が維持される。接着時に多孔質シート18の熱収縮によって極細繊維部17、または透湿部20が変形および収縮しにくい。その結果、透湿部20が厚くなることにより生じる透湿性能の低下が抑制される。
 また、多孔質シート18と透湿部20との接着点が、多孔質シート18と透湿部20とが接している点近傍にできる。そのため、多孔質シート18に面した透湿部20の表面積が広くなり、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14の透湿性能が向上する。さらに、接着時に多孔質シート18が変形しにくいことから、透湿部20の剥離による透湿部20の欠損が抑制され、全熱交換素子用仕切部材14のガスバリア性も向上する。
 また全熱交換素子4に、上述の全熱交換素子用仕切部材14のいずれかが用いられるとよい。透湿性能の高い全熱交換素子用仕切部材14が全熱交換素子4に用いられることにより、潜熱交換効率の高い全熱交換素子4が得られる。
 また全熱交換形換気装置2に、上述の全熱交換素子4が用いられるとよい。潜熱交換効率の高い全熱交換素子4が全熱交換形換気装置2に用いられることにより、全熱交換効率の高い全熱交換形換気装置2が得られる。
 多孔質シート18は例えば不織布、プラスチックフィルム、または織布が挙げられる。多孔質シート18の材質としては耐水性のある材料が好ましく、例えばポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルサルフォン、ポリアクリルニトリル、またはポリフッ化ビニリデン等が挙げられる。
 なお多孔質シート18の熱融着性成分としては親水性官能基を備えた材料が好ましく、例えばポリエチレン、ポリエステル、またはポリプロピレン等の低融点成分に、グラフト重合により親水基が導入されたポリマー等が挙げられる。
 なお極細繊維19の材質も耐水性のある材料が好ましく、多孔質シート18と同じ材料が用いられてもよい。また極細繊維19の製造方法としては、メルトブローン法、または静電紡糸法等が挙げられるがこれに限らず既知の手法が用いられてもよい。
 なお透湿性物質21としては親水性の官能基を備えた高分子が好ましく、例えば水酸基、スルホン基、エステル結合、ウレタン結合、カルボキシル基、カルボ基、リン酸基、アミノ基、または第四級アンモニウム基等が挙げられる。特に前述のように第四級アンモニウム基は、吸放湿性が高く好ましい。
 なお、極細繊維部17へ透湿性物質21が添加される方法としては、含浸または塗工が挙げられるが、特に塗工量が制御できる塗工方式が好ましい。塗工方法としては、スプレー方式、グラビアコート方式、ダイ塗工方式、インクジェット方式、またはコンマコート方式等、既知の方式が用いられる。
 なお透湿性物質21の水不溶化方法としては、上記の重合による高分子化の他に、塗工後架橋材にて処理する方法、非水溶性の高分子を有機溶媒に溶解して塗布し乾燥させる方法、または非水溶性の高分子を熱溶解し冷却する方法等が挙げられる。
 なお透湿性物質21の重合の際、親水性の有機低分子化合物の他に、重合部位を複数持つ有機化合物が架橋材として添加されてもよい。このような架橋材の添加により、重合後の有機高分子化合物の耐水性が高まるほか、透湿部20の強度の向上、および吸水による膨潤の抑制効果が得られる。
 なお透湿性物質21の重合方法としては、ラジカル重合、イオン重合、または開環重合等が挙げられ、特に分子量の急激な増大を伴うラジカル重合が好適である。これは、分子量が急激に増大することにより、重合後の高分子化合物が極細繊維部17に留まり易く、均一な透湿部20を形成しやすいためである。ラジカル重合方法としては、既知の手法が用いられ、例えば熱、紫外線、または放射線を用いた重合が行われる。特に重合に放射線が用いられた場合、透湿性物質21と極細繊維19との結合が可能となるため、耐水性が向上する。
 本発明の全熱交換素子用仕切部材は、全熱交換素子、全熱交換形換気装置等に有用である。
1  家
2  全熱交換形換気装置
3  本体ケース
4  全熱交換素子
5  ファン
6  内気口
7  排気口
8  ファン
9  外気口
10  給気口
11  枠体
12  屋内空気風路リブ
13  屋外空気風路リブ
14  全熱交換素子用仕切部材
15  屋内空気
16  屋外空気
17  極細繊維部
18  多孔質シート
19  極細繊維
20  透湿部
21  透湿性物質

Claims (10)

  1. 全熱交換素子用仕切部材であって、
    多孔質シート上に極細繊維部が備えられ、前記極細繊維部に透湿性物質が含浸または塗工され水不溶化されたことを特徴とする全熱交換素子用仕切部材。
  2. 前記極細繊維部を構成する極細繊維の繊維径は0.1μm以上3μm以下であり、前記多孔質シートは平均孔径が15μm以上100μm以下かつ厚みが20μm以上500μm以下であり、前記極細繊維部は平均孔径が0.01μm以上10μm以下かつ厚みが0.5μm以上20μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の全熱交換素子用仕切部材。
  3. 前記透湿性物質は、親水性の有機低分子化合物が含浸または塗工された後、重合されることにより高分子化されたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の全熱交換素子用仕切部材。
  4. 前記多孔質シートは熱融着性成分を含み、前記多孔質シートと前記極細繊維部とが熱接着された後に、前記極細繊維部に前記透湿性物質が含浸または塗工されたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の全熱交換素子用仕切部材。
  5. 前記極細繊維部に前記透湿性物質が含浸または塗工された後に、前記多孔質シートと前記極細繊維部とが熱接着されたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の全熱交換素子用仕切部材。
  6. 前記透湿性物質は、第四級アンモニウム基を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の全熱交換素子用仕切部材。
  7. 前記熱融着性成分は、親水基を有するポリマーであることを特徴する請求項4記載の全熱交換素子用仕切部材。
  8. 前記多孔質シートは、外層に熱融着可能な低融点成分が、内層に高融点成分が用いられた芯鞘型複合繊維により構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の全熱交換素子用仕切部材。
  9. 請求項1から8のいずれか一項記載の全熱交換素子用仕切部材が用いられたことを特徴とする全熱交換素子。
  10. 請求項9記載の全熱交換素子が用いられたことを特徴とする全熱交換形換気装置。
PCT/JP2014/003238 2013-06-20 2014-06-17 全熱交換素子用仕切部材、その部材を用いた全熱交換素子、および全熱交換形換気装置 WO2014203519A1 (ja)

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US14/897,477 US9879869B2 (en) 2013-06-20 2014-06-17 Partition member for total heat exchange element, total heat exchange element using this member, and total heat exchange type ventilation device

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