WO2014201768A1 - 熔融缩聚反应器 - Google Patents
熔融缩聚反应器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014201768A1 WO2014201768A1 PCT/CN2013/082375 CN2013082375W WO2014201768A1 WO 2014201768 A1 WO2014201768 A1 WO 2014201768A1 CN 2013082375 W CN2013082375 W CN 2013082375W WO 2014201768 A1 WO2014201768 A1 WO 2014201768A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- falling film
- tube
- bellows
- melt polycondensation
- film element
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
- B01J19/1887—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside forming a thin film
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
- B01J19/0066—Stirrers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
- B01J19/1812—Tubular reactors
- B01J19/1843—Concentric tube
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
- B01J19/1856—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside placed in parallel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/785—Preparation processes characterised by the apparatus used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/20—General preparatory processes
- C08G64/205—General preparatory processes characterised by the apparatus used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/04—Preparatory processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
- B01J2219/00078—Fingers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
- B01J2219/00094—Jackets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
- B01J2219/185—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a melt polycondensation reaction apparatus.
- the polycondensation reaction is carried out by melt polycondensation, solution polycondensation, solid phase polycondensation, and interfacial polycondensation.
- melt polycondensation has obvious advantages in terms of product quality, economy, environmental protection and industrial implementation, so most polyesters are used.
- polyamide, etc. are produced by melt polycondensation, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate ( ⁇ ), poly Ethylene naphthalate (yttrium), polyamide, polycarbonate, and the like.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PTT polytrimethylene terephthalate
- ⁇ polybutylene terephthalate
- yttrium poly Ethylene naphthalate
- polyamide polycarbonate
- the key to the implementation of the melt polycondensation process is the reactor.
- the ideal polycondensation reactor requires good material flow and mixing
- the agitator is a ribbon agitator, and the power of the agitator is introduced from the bottom of the bottom case.
- the melt polycondensation reactor is provided with a heat transfer system
- the heat transfer system comprises: a heat transfer medium inlet and a heat transfer medium outlet; a tank installed inside the vertical casing, the casing is composed of an upper cover and an intermediate partition And the bottom plate is divided into two layers, the upper box communicates with the heat transfer medium inlet, the lower box communicates with the heat transfer medium outlet; the outer tube falling film element connected to the bottom plate of the box, the lower end of the upper end of the falling film element is closed The upper end communicates with the lower case of the box body, and the lower end is suspended; the central tube connected to the partition plate in the box body, the center tube is open at both ends, the upper end is connected with the upper box body of the box body, and the lower end is inserted into the outer tube falling film element within.
- the cross-sectional contour shape of the case may be a circle, a polygon or the like.
- the corrugated tube is composed of an arc segment and a straight pipe segment alternately, and the difference between the crest diameter and the straight pipe diameter is longer than the arc segment!
- the ratio of ⁇ is 0.05 ⁇ 1.0; the bellows is selected from arc-shaped bellows or zoomed bellows or arc-tangential bellows or sinusoidal bellows.
- the ratio of the difference between the peak diameter and the valley diameter to the pitch L is 0.05 ⁇ 1.0.
- the value of the above ratio is too small, and the effect is not as large as that of the round tube. Otherwise, if the value is too large, The melt is prone to "cliff fall".
- the upper end of the feed tube is outside the head and the lower end has a plurality of outlets that pass through the spacers in the housing into the storage tray.
- the holes, the deflector and the falling film element on the bottom plate of the storage tray are kept concentric, which facilitates the filming of the melt on the falling film element. Uniform and prevent the melt from forming a plate at the bottom of the stock tray.
- Figure 5a is a schematic structural view of a circular arc bellows.
- Fig. 5b is a schematic structural view of a zoom type bellows.
- Figure 5d is a schematic view of the structure of a sinusoidal bellows.
- Figure 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the deflector.
- Embodiment 1 Referring to Figures 1, 4, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, and 6.
- a molten polycondensation reactor provided by the present invention comprises: a plurality of vertically disposed out-of-diaphragm elements 16, a vertical housing 7, and a head connected to the upper end of the vertical housing 7. 1 and bottom case 14.
- the top of the head 1 is provided with a feeding port 26, the upper part of the vertical casing is provided with a vacuum suction port 19, the bottom of the bottom case 14 is provided with a discharge port 13, and the bottom case 14 is provided with a ribbon agitator 27, the agitator Power is transmitted from the bottom of the bottom case.
- the upper end of the vertical casing 7 is connected to the casing 4 by a fastener.
- the casing 4 is a cylindrical casing, which is divided into two layers by the upper cover 2, the intermediate partition 3 and the bottom plate 5, and the upper casing and the upper casing are
- the heat transfer medium inlet 22 communicates, the lower tank communicates with the heat transfer medium outlet 21, the upper end of the outer diaphragm lowering element 16 is closed at the lower end, and the upper end is connected to the bottom plate 5 of the tank and communicates with the lower tank, the lower end is suspended, and the upper end passes through
- the hopper 6 is open at both ends of the center tube 17, and is inserted into the outer falling film element 16 of the tube, and the upper end is connected to the intermediate partition 3 of the box and communicates with the upper box.
- out-of-tube falling film element 16 employs a bellows or bellows optimized for structural parameters.
- the corrugated tube is composed of an arc segment and a straight pipe segment alternately.
- the difference between the peak diameter D 2 and the straight pipe diameter is longer than the arc segment! ⁇
- the ratio of the difference between the peak diameter D 2 and the valley diameter to the pitch L (DrD /I ⁇ O.OS 10; the pitch is the distance between adjacent peaks.
- the bellows can be selected as a circular bellows, that is, the longitudinal profile of the bellows is a continuous wave of tangent to the size arc.
- the bellows can be selected as a scaled bellows, that is, the bellows is alternately formed by the expanded section and the contracted section.
- the bellows can be selected as a circular tangential bellows, that is, the longitudinal profile of the bellows is a continuous wave of alternating arc and tangent.
- the bellows can be selected from a sinusoidal bellows, that is, the longitudinal profile of the bellows is a sine wave.
- a film splicer is disposed under the tank in the melt polycondensation reactor, and the film hopper is composed of a hopper 6 and a deflector 62, and the bottom plate 61 of the hopper plate is provided with a hole 611, and the flow is guided.
- the alignment hole 611 of the device 62 is mounted under the sump bottom plate 61, and an annular gap is left between the lower end wall 621 of the deflector 62 and the falling film element 16, and the hole (611) on the sump bottom plate (61) is guided.
- Flow device (62) and falling film element (16) The three remain concentric.
- the size of the annular gap is determined by the viscosity of the feed melt. If the viscosity is large, the gap is large, and vice versa, the purpose is to control the melt flow.
- the head 1 and the vertical housing 7 are connected by a head connecting flange 23 and a connecting bolt 24.
- the vertical shell ⁇ and the bottom shell 14 are connected by a bottom shell connecting flange 10 and a bottom shell connecting bolt 28 for easy disassembly and repair. installation.
- the upper end of the feed pipe 26 is outside the head 1 and has a plurality of outlets at the lower end which pass through the spacer 25 in the casing to enter above the hopper 6.
- the inner wall of the vertical casing 7 is provided with a bracket ring 20 for supporting the casing with the outer falling film element and the storage tray, which is convenient for installation, ensures the verticality of the falling film element outside the pipe, and improves the uniformity of the film.
- the periphery of the vertical housing 7 has a jacket 8.
- the lower portion and the upper portion of the jacket 8 are respectively provided with a jacket insulating medium inlet 9 and a jacket insulating medium outlet 18.
- the bottom of the bottom case 14 has a bottom case jacket 11.
- the lower portion and the upper portion of the bottom case jacket 11 are respectively provided with a bottom case warming medium inlet 12 and a bottom case heat insulating medium outlet 15.
- the peak diameter of the extra-membrane falling element 16 is obtained.
- 2 is 8 ⁇ 200mm, and the length is 0.5 ⁇ 30m.
- the adjacent three holes are evenly arranged in an equilateral triangle.
- Embodiment 2 referring to Figures 2, 4, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, and 6.
- the upper portion of the outer film falling element 16 is a corrugated tube or a bellows 162, and the lower portion is a circular tube 161.
- the upper portion and the lower portion are coaxial, and the length of the upper portion is determined according to the viscosity of the feed melt, and the viscosity is high. The length is short, and vice versa.
- the length of the lower section is determined according to the viscosity of the melt of the discharge. The viscosity is high and the length is long, and vice versa.
- the structure of the corrugated tube and the bellows is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the outer and lower film elements of the pipe have different structural characteristics corresponding to the pre- and post-polycondensation reactions, and the upper section adopts a corrugated tube or a bellows.
- the lower section uses a round tube to adapt to the high viscosity melt.
- the extra-membrane falling element 16 is a circular tube.
- the outer diameter falling element 16 has an outer diameter of 8 to 200 mm and a length of 0.5 to 30 m.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
Abstract
一种熔融缩聚反应器,包括立式壳体(7)、设置在立式壳体(7)中的管外降膜元件(16)、传热系统、布膜器、连接于立式壳体(7)上端的封头(1)、上部真空抽气口(19)、连接于立式壳体(7)下端的底壳(14),封头(1)顶部设有进料口(26),底壳(14)底部设有出料口(13),底壳(14)内安装有搅拌器(27)。该熔融缩聚反应器采用管外降膜反应和搅泮反应相结合的反应方式,缩聚效率高,反应温度均匀。
Description
说明书 熔融缩聚反应器 技术领域
本发明涉及熔融縮聚反应设备。
背景技术
縮聚反应实施方法有熔融縮聚、溶液縮聚、 固相縮聚以及界面縮聚等, 其中 熔融縮聚不论从产品的质量、经济性、环保性以及工业化实施来看都具有明显的 优势, 因此绝大部分聚酯和聚酰胺等都采用熔融縮聚法生产, 如聚对苯二甲酸乙 二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(ΡΒΤ)、 聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯 (ΡΕΝ)、 聚酰胺、 聚碳酸酯等。 熔融縮聚过程的实施关键 在于反应器, 理想的縮聚反应器要求物料流动和混合状态好, 传热传质效率高, 过程满足平推流, 以便获得品质均一的聚合产品, 同时实现较高的縮聚效率。
目前, 工业上终縮聚反应器常用卧式搅拌反应器, 主要有圆盘式和笼式。 这 类反应器受熔体网架桥限制, 圆盘或网片必须保持较大距离, 致使单位体积熔体 拥有的表面积有限; 受反应器结构限制, 反应温度不够均匀; 熔池内的熔体停留 时间长且受静压头影响, 对縮聚过程不利; 反应器内部依靠熔池液位差流动, 釜 壁处流动状况不佳, 存在较多死区; 且受大量熔体粘附, 搅拌轴产生相当绕度, 进一步增黏的设备改进空间不大。特别是对于制备高黏熔体的场合, 其过多的死 区、夹带、有限的成膜与表面更新以及过长停留时间造成的严重降解限制了这类 反应器的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术不足,提供一种熔融縮聚反应器, 采用管外降 膜反应和搅拌反应相结合的反应方式, 縮聚效率高, 熔体品质均匀, 分子量分布
窄。 为此, 本发明采用以下技术方案:
熔融縮聚反应器, 它包括立式壳体, 设置在立式壳体中的管外降膜元件、连 接于立式壳体上端的封头、 上部真空抽气口, 封头顶部设有进料口, 其特征在于 所述反应器还包括处在下端的底壳,底壳底部设有出料口, 管外降膜元件管内有 传热介质通路, 管外降膜元件下方底壳内安装有搅拌器。
在采用上述技术方案的基础上, 本发明还可采用以下进一步的技术方案: 所述搅拌器为螺带搅拌器, 搅拌器的动力从底壳底部传入。
所述反应器内部垂直安装 1 根或多根管外降膜元件; 管外降膜元件采用圆 管; 或者波节管; 或者波纹管; 或者管外降膜元件的上段为波节管或者波纹管, 下段为圆管, 上段和下段同轴。
本发明中, 熔融縮聚反应器设有传热系统, 传热系统包括: 传热介质进口和 传热介质出口; 安装在立式壳体内部的箱体, 箱体由上盖板、 中间隔板和底板分 成两层箱体, 上层箱体与传热介质进口相通, 下层箱体与传热介质出口相通; 连 接在箱体底板上的管外降膜元件, 管外降膜元件上端开口下端封闭, 上端与箱体 的下层箱体相通, 下端悬空; 连接在箱体中间隔板上的的中心管, 中心管两端开 口, 上端与箱体的上层箱体相通, 下端插入管外降膜元件之内。所述箱体的横截 面轮廓形状可采用圆形、 多边形等。
本发明中,熔融縮聚反应器内的箱体下方设置有布膜器, 布膜器由贮料盘和 导流器组成, 贮料盘底板开有孔, 导流器对准孔安装在贮料盘底板下方, 导流器 下端孔壁与降膜元件之间留有环形间隙,贮料盘底板上的孔、导流器和降膜元件 三者保持同轴心。
本发明中,波节管由弧形段和直管段交替构成, 波峰直径和直管直径之差与 弧形段长!^之比为 0.05~1.0; 波纹管选择圆弧型波纹管或者縮放型波纹管或者 圆弧切线型波纹管或者正弦型波纹管, 波峰直径和波谷直径之差与节距 L之比 为 0.05~1.0。 上述比值的数值过小, 与圆管相比效果不大, 反之如果数值过大,
熔体容易产生 "悬崖式坠落" 。
封头与立式壳体由封头连接法兰、连接螺栓连接, 立式壳体与底壳由底壳连 接法兰、 底壳连接螺栓连接, 便于拆卸检修、 安装。
进料管的上端处于封头外面, 下端有多个出口, 穿过箱体中的隔套进入到贮 料盘的上方。
立式壳体内壁设有支架环用于支撑装有管外降膜元件、 贮料盘的箱体。 管外降膜元件的最大外径为 8~200mm, 管外降膜元件的长度为 0.5~30m。 当贮料盘底板上有三个以上孔时, 相邻的三个孔呈等边三角形均匀排布。 立式壳体的外围有夹套,夹套的下部和上部分别设有夹套保温介质进口和夹 套保温介质出口;底壳的外围有底壳夹套,底壳夹套的下部和上部分别设有底壳 保温介质进口和底壳保温介质出口。
本发明可以用于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET)、 聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯 (PTT)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(ΡΒΤ)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(ΡΕΝ)、聚酰胺、 聚碳酸酯等的熔融縮聚反应。
本发明采用管外降膜反应器, 这种反应器具有结构简单、成膜面积较大, 管 外降膜元件管内有传热介质通路, 热交换充分、 反应温度均匀; 同时, 在管外降 膜元件的下方设置了搅拌器,使得同一降膜元件以及不同降膜元件之间有可能存 在性质差异的熔体进行充分混合和分散, 并在搅拌条件下进行进一步反应, 提高 熔体的质量稳定性和均匀性。
本发明在对縮聚反应过程特性和聚合物系的流变特性充分认识的基础上,提 供了不同的管外降膜元件。选择波节管或者波纹管作为管外降膜元件, 可增加熔 体成膜面积, 控制熔体流速, 强化熔体的分散与混合, 提高成膜效率和表面更新 频率, 提高縮聚效率; 选择圆管作为管外降膜元件, 对于高黏熔体有利于流动, 避免产生流动 "死区" , 防止出现结焦和色泽变黄; 选择波节管或者波纹管与圆 管组合作为管外降膜元件, 可以适应反应过程中熔体黏度不断增加的变化, 上段
采用波节管或者波纹管适应较低黏度的熔体, 下段采用圆管适应高黏熔体。 进一步地, 本发明通过在贮料盘下方安装导流器, 贮料盘底板上的孔、 导流 器和降膜元件三者保持同轴心, 这样有利于熔体在降膜元件上布膜均匀, 并且防 止熔体在贮料盘底板结板。
附图说明
图 1为本发明所提供的实施例 1的结构示意图。
图 2为本发明所提供的实施例 2的结构示意图。
图 3为本发明所提供的实施例 3的结构示意图。
图 4为波节管的结构示意图。
图 5a为圆弧型波纹管的结构示意图。
图 5b为縮放型波纹管的结构示意图。
图 5c为圆弧切线型波纹管的结构示意图。
图 5d为正弦型波纹管的结构示意图。
图 6为导流器的结构示意图。
图中零部件、 部位及编号: 封头 1、 上盖板 2、 中间隔板 3、箱体 4、底板 5、 贮料盘 6、 贮料盘底板 61、 孔 611、 导流器 62、 导流器下端孔壁 621、 立式壳体 7、 夹套 8、 夹套保温介质进口 9、 底壳连接法兰 10、 底壳夹套 11、 底壳保温介 质进口 12、 出料口 13、 底壳 14、 底壳保温介质出口 15、 管外降膜元件 16、 中 心管 17、 夹套保温介质出口 18、 真空抽气口 19、 支架环 20、 传热介质出口 21、 传热介质进口 22、 封头连接法兰 23、 连接螺栓 24、 隔套 25、 进料口 26、 螺带 搅拌器 27、 底壳连接螺栓 28。
具体实施方式
实施例 1, 参照附图 1、 4、 5a、 5b、 5c、 5d、 6。
本发明所提供的一种熔融縮聚反应器, 如图 1所示, 它包括: 多根垂直设置 的管外降膜元件 16、立式壳体 7、连接于立式壳体 7上端的封头 1和下端的底壳
14, 封头 1顶部设有进料口 26, 立式壳体 Ί上部设有真空抽气口 19, 底壳 14 底部设有出料口 13,底壳 14内安装螺带搅拌器 27,搅拌器动力从底壳底部传入。
立式壳体 7内部上端通过紧固件连接安装箱体 4, 箱体 4为柱形箱体, 它由 上盖板 2、 中间隔板 3和底板 5分成两层箱体, 上层箱体与传热介质进口 22相 通, 下层箱体与传热介质出口 21相通, 管外降膜元件 16上端开口下端封闭, 上 端连接在箱体底板 5上并与下层箱体相通, 下端悬空, 上部穿过贮料盘 6, 中心 管 17两端开口,插入管外降膜元件 16内, 上端连接在箱体中间隔板 3上并与上 层箱体相通。
本发明的一个重要特征是: 管外降膜元件 16采用结构参数优化的波节管或 者波纹管。
如图 4所示, 波节管由弧形段和直管段交替构成, 波峰直径 D2和直管直径 之差与圆弧段长!^之
.CL 波纹管中, 波峰直径 D2和波谷 直径 之差与节距 L之比 (DrD /I^O.OS l.O;所述节距为相邻波峰之间的距离。
如图 5a所示, 波纹管可选择圆弧型波纹管, 即波纹管的纵切轮廓线为大小 圆弧相切的连续波。
如图 5b所示, 波纹管可选择縮放型波纹管, 即波纹管由扩张段和收縮段交 替构成。
如图 5c所示, 波纹管可选择圆弧切线型波纹管, 即波纹管的纵切轮廓线为 圆弧和切线交替的连续波。
如图 5d所示, 波纹管可选择正弦型波纹管, 即波纹管的纵切轮廓线为正弦 波。
本发明的另一个特征在于: 熔融縮聚反应器内的箱体下方设置有布膜器, 布 膜器由贮料盘 6和导流器 62组成, 贮料盘底板 61开有孔 611, 导流器 62对准 孔 611安装在贮料盘底板 61下方, 导流器 62下端孔壁 621与降膜元件 16之间 留有环形间隙, 贮料盘底板(61 )上的孔(611 )、 导流器(62)和降膜元件(16)
三者保持同轴心。 环形间隙的大小根据进料熔体的黏度决定, 黏度大则间隙大, 反之则小, 目的是控制熔体流量。
封头 1与立式壳体 7由封头连接法兰 23、 连接螺栓 24连接, 立式壳体 Ί与 底壳 14由底壳连接法兰 10、 底壳连接螺栓 28连接, 便于拆卸检修、 安装。
进料管 26的上端处于封头 1外面, 下端有多个出口, 穿过箱体中的隔套 25 进入到贮料盘 6的上方。
立式壳体 7内壁设有支架环 20用于支撑装有管外降膜元件、贮料盘的箱体, 既方便安装, 又确保管外降膜元件的垂直度, 提高布膜均匀性。
立式壳体 7的外围有夹套 8, 夹套 8的下部和上部分别设有夹套保温介质进 口 9和夹套保温介质出口 18。
底壳 14的外围有底壳夹套 11, 底壳夹套 11的下部和上部分别设有底壳保 温介质进口 12和底壳保温介质出口 15。
作为优选, 管外降膜元件 16的波峰直径。2为 8~200mm, 长度为 0.5~30m。 作为优选, 当贮料盘底板(61 )上有三个以上孔时, 相邻的三个孔呈等边三 角形均匀排布。 实施例 2, 参照附图 2、 4、 5a、 5b、 5c、 5d、 6。
在本实施例中, 管外降膜元件 16的上段为波节管或者波纹管 162, 下段为 圆管 161, 上段和下段同轴, 上段的长度根据进料熔体的黏度高低决定, 黏度高 则长度短, 反之则长, 下段的长度根据出料熔体的黏度高低决定, 黏度高则长度 长, 反之则短; 波节管、 波纹管的结构和实施例 1的相同。
本实施例的其它部分和实施例 1相同,在图 2中, 附图标号和图 1相同的代 表相同的含义。
本实施例中,根据縮聚反应进程中熔体的黏度变化特点, 管外降膜元件对应 縮聚反应的前期和后期的部位具有不同的结构特点,上段采用波节管或者波纹管
适应较低黏度的熔体, 下段采用圆管适应高黏熔体。 实施例 3, 参照附图 3、 6。
在本实施例中, 管外降膜元件 16为圆管。作为优选, 管外降膜元件 16的外 径为 8~200mm, 长度为 0.5~30m。
本实施例的其它部分和实施例 1相同,在图 3中, 附图标号和图 1相同的代 表相同的含义。
Claims
权利要求书
1、 熔融縮聚反应器, 它包括立式壳体(7), 设置在立式壳体(7) 內的管外 降膜元件(16)、 连接于立式壳体(7)上端的封头 (1 )、 上部真空抽气口 (19), 封头(1 )顶部设有进料口 (26), 其特征在于所述反应器还包括处在下端的底壳
( 14), 底壳 (14)底部设有出料口 (13), 管外降膜元件 (16)管内有传热介质 通路, 管外降膜元件 (16) 下方底壳 (14) 内安装有搅拌器 (27)。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的熔融縮聚反应器, 其特征在于: 所述搅拌器 (27) 为螺带搅拌器, 搅拌器 (27) 的动力从底壳底部传入。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的熔融縮聚反应器, 其特征在于: 所述反应器内部垂 直安装 1根或多根管外降膜元件 (16), 管外降膜元件 (16) 采用圆管。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的熔融縮聚反应器, 其特征在于: 所述反应器内部垂 直安装 1根或多根管外降膜元件 (16), 管外降膜元件 (16) 采用波节管, 或者 波纹管。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的熔融縮聚反应器, 其特征在于: 所述反应器内部垂 直安装 1根或多根管外降膜元件 (16), 管外降膜元件 (16) 的上段为波节管或 者波纹管 (162), 下段为圆管 (161 ), 上段和下段同轴。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的熔融縮聚反应器, 其特征在于它设有传热系统, 传 热系统包括: 传热介质进口 (22) 和传热介质出口 (21 ); 安装在立式壳体 (7) 内部的箱体 (4), 箱体 (4) 由上盖板 (2)、 中间隔板 (3) 和底板 (5) 分成两 层箱体, 上层箱体与传热介质进口 (22) 相通, 下层箱体与传热介质出口 (21 ) 相通; 连接在箱体底板 (5)上的管外降膜元件(16), 管外降膜元件 (16)上端 开口下端封闭, 上端与箱体 (4) 的下层箱体相通, 下端悬空; 连接在箱体中间 隔板 (3) 上的中心管 (17), 中心管 (17) 两端开口, 上端与箱体 (4) 的上层 箱体相通, 下端插入管外降膜元件 (16) 之内。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的熔融縮聚反应器, 其特征在于: 它设置有布膜器, 布膜器由贮料盘 (6) 和导流器 (62) 组成, 贮料盘底板 (61 ) 开有孔 (611 ), 导流器 (62) 对准孔 (611 ) 安装在贮料盘底板 (61 ) 下方, 导流器 (62) 下端 孔壁(621 )与降膜元件(16)之间留有环形间隙,贮料盘底板(61 )上的孔(611 )、 导流器 (62) 和降膜元件 (16) 三者保持同轴心。
8、 根据权利要求 3、 4或 5所述的熔融縮聚反应器, 其特征在于: 管外降膜 元件 (16) 的最大外径为 8~200mm, 管外降膜元件 (16) 的长度为 0.5~30m; 波节管由弧形段和直管段交替构成, 波峰直径和直管直径之差与弧形段长 (L 之比为 0.05~1.0; 波纹管选择圆弧型波纹管或者縮放型波纹管或者圆弧切线型波 纹管或者正弦型波纹管, 波峰直径和波谷直径之差与节距(L)之比为 0.05~1.0。
9、根据权利要求 7所述的熔融縮聚反应器,其特征在于:当贮料盘底板(61 ) 上有三个以上孔时, 相邻的三个孔呈等边三角形均匀排布。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的熔融縮聚反应器, 其特征在于: 立式壳体 (7) 的外围有夹套 (8), 夹套的下部和上部分别设有夹套保温介质进口 (9) 和夹套 保温介质出口 (18);
底壳 (14) 的外围有底壳夹套 (11 ), 底壳夹套的下部和上部分别设有底壳 保温介质进口 (12) 和底壳保温介质出口 (15)。
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