WO2014194444A1 - 控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜 - Google Patents

控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014194444A1
WO2014194444A1 PCT/CN2013/000847 CN2013000847W WO2014194444A1 WO 2014194444 A1 WO2014194444 A1 WO 2014194444A1 CN 2013000847 W CN2013000847 W CN 2013000847W WO 2014194444 A1 WO2014194444 A1 WO 2014194444A1
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Prior art keywords
lens
gaze area
area
posture
myopia
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PCT/CN2013/000847
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戴明华
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Dai Minghua
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Publication of WO2014194444A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014194444A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02CSPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00Optical parts
    • G02C7/16Shades; shields; Obturators, e.g. with pinhole, with slot
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02CSPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00Optical parts
    • G02C7/02Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/022Ophthalmic lenses having special refractive features achieved by special materials or material structures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02CSPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/24Myopia progression prevention

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of spectacles for correcting a student's poor sitting posture and preventing myopia.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The prior patents for controlling the distance to change the sitting posture are: anti-myopia device, patent number: 201120177176.6 is an electronic device mounted on the frame of the eyeglass, using the photoelectric signal to measure the distance to sound to remind the patient to pay attention to the distance, similar
  • anti-myopia device patent number: 201120177176.6 is an electronic device mounted on the frame of the eyeglass, using the photoelectric signal to measure the distance to sound to remind the patient to pay attention to the distance, similar
  • Patent No.: 201220387573.0 It is to fix the reading object, the book, or stand up and pull it away by the brackets, clips, etc. on the table.
  • the mechanism will affect the function of the normal desktop, which is inconvenient for the learning work, and the user does not like to accept the problem, so it can not achieve a good solution to the control distance, and the utility and the effect are not good.
  • the patent application number is 201210196959.8.
  • the invention does not have the function of solving the head and sitting problems closely related to vision, and this problem is a major problem affecting human health, poor Head position and sitting posture bring many related image problems and chronic diseases such as cervical spondylosis, abnormal curvature of the spine, hunchback and vision problems.
  • the invention requires strict monitoring of the user in the application to control the use distance, and the required guidance is too much.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a control for myopia in a head position and a sitting position. By controlling the head position and the sitting posture, the wearer can form a good learning and working eye habit, thereby playing a good role in myopia.
  • Inhibition, recovery and prevention, and good corrective action for the wearer's hoe, bow, top view, strabismus, crouching and other bad postures, can prevent the occurrence of many cervical-related diseases;
  • the invention is simple in structure and does not require any subsidiary
  • the device is easy to use, has good effect in preventing and treating myopia and correcting bad posture, and has quick effect. It is especially suitable for the prevention, treatment and correction of myopia in adolescents.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a prevention and treatment of myopia in a head position and a sitting posture, characterized in that: a correction gaze area and a non-gaze area are provided; the correction gaze area is a through hole or a lens (which may include a flat lens, Concave lens, convex lens, concave lens, convex lens, prism, etc.) Lens, the correctional gaze area can be round, square, semi-circular, long strip, etc.
  • the corrective gaze area is located in the lower part of the eyeglass frame and / Or the upper part, the closest distance from the gaze area to the eye line of the spectacle frame is 3 ⁇ 20mm; the other area is the non-gaze area.
  • the closest distance of the corrective gaze area to the eye line of the spectacle frame is 5 to 13 mm.
  • the correcting gaze area may also be located at an upper portion of the eyeglass frame line of sight, referred to as an upper correcting gaze area;
  • the correcting gaze area may also be provided with a lower correcting gaze area and an upper correcting gaze area, and a lower correcting gaze area is located at a lower portion of the eyeglass frame level line; the upper correcting gaze area is located at an upper part of the eyeglass frame level line;
  • the unit is D, U is the distance from the lens to the object, the unit is m; the lower correcting gaze area, U takes 0.25 ⁇ : L.OOmm; the upper correcting gaze area, U takes infinity; A is the defender Far diopter (nearly considered negative); B is the defocus, the unit is D, B is 0.25 ⁇ 1.5D.
  • the configuration U of the small defocusing lens in the lower correcting gaze area is 0.33 to 0.50 m.
  • the non-gazing area may be an opaque area; or a semi-transmissive area having a visual blocking effect; or a light transmitting area having a visual blocking effect: for example, a large defocusing area or a large defocusing medium or small defocusing Gradient area, etc.
  • the preferred structure is a large defocusing zone.
  • the large defocusing area: the non-sitting area is a convex lens, and the diopter of the convex lens conforms to the following formula: ⁇ * 1/ ⁇ + ⁇ *, where ⁇ is D ; U is the distance between the lens and the object, unit m, U ⁇ 0.25m ; B* is the large defocus, the unit is D, 1.5D ⁇ B is 20D.
  • the above-mentioned large defocus, medium and small defocus refers to the defocus that can be generated relative to the retina.
  • the above-mentioned correcting gaze area refers to the eye gazing and observing through the area, preventing and treating myopia, and correcting the posture.
  • the above-mentioned non-spying area means that the eye cannot watch and observe through the area, forcing its line of sight to move, and looking for a viewing area that can be observed and observed, that is, the correcting and gazing area.
  • the above-mentioned spectacle frame sight line refers to the intersection of the plane where the binocular line of sight is located and the lens when the head end is wearing the glasses. In normal optician, the center of the pupil is placed on this line.
  • the human cervical vertebra has a normal backward physiological curvature, and the head is the healthiest head and posture, but now a large number of reading and writing work close to work, forcing people to bow their heads, hunchback, and cause cervical paralysis Frequent reverse bending or twisting, compression or involvement of tissues such as peripheral nerves, blood vessels, vertebrae, spinal cords, and muscles can form many cervical-related diseases in the long run.
  • the occurrence and development of most myopia are closely related to sitting posture. In general, head position and poor sitting posture are the causes of myopia. From another point of view, human vision needs to be seen clearly. It is a kind of instinct and demand of human beings. The more clearly the requirements are seen, the stronger the instinct that is difficult to control.
  • Sitting posture lowering the head for raising the head (conforming to the normal curvature of the human cervical vertebra) or not lowering the head, etc., thereby effectively correcting the head position and sitting posture, and at the same time achieving the purpose of suppressing, restoring, treating, and preventing myopia.
  • the hyperopic defocusing of the area is a myopic defocus problem (the central visual field refers to the macular area or the peripheral area of the macular area), so that only the optical product intervention of the retina can create the myopia of the entire field of vision, which is Solve the general direction and methods of developing myopia and even reversing myopia.
  • the development of myopia is closely related to intraocular pressure.
  • the intraocular pressure When looking at a close distance (within 25 cm), the intraocular pressure will increase, the reason and see The eye should be adjusted to have a large burden on the eye.
  • the external muscles of the eye become more and more tense. It can act on the outside of the eyeball, increase the intraocular pressure, and the inner muscles of the eye become more and more tense, including the eyelashes.
  • the muscles, the muscles in the iris, etc. affect the patency of the anterior and posterior fluids of the eye, and cause an increase in intraocular pressure, which can be transmitted to the weakest posterior pole of the eyeball, causing the expansion of the posterior pole.
  • the human eye should have a series of various adjustments, which can be called comprehensive adjustment.
  • the adjustment includes refractive changes of the lens, changes in intraocular pressure, adjustment of the extraocular muscles, and contraction and structural deformation of the intraocular muscles.
  • the purpose is to adapt to the needs of the near, so that the overall structure will change to the myopic structure over time, and the adjustment is mainly determined by the defocus of the center of the retina, as well as the collection of binoculars at different distances.
  • the near-field defocusing in the central area to avoid near adjustment and reverse adjustment, combined with distance control to avoid excessive comprehensive adjustment, it is a method and design scheme for preventing and treating myopia which is beneficial to all aspects of the eye structure.
  • the above three factors are closely related to the distance and light, that is, the optical imaging condition determined by the macula of the retina.
  • the above factors may be unified to a root cause, that is, the light factor, and the light with different divergence degrees enters the eye to focus on Different positions in the macular area of the retina (ie, myopic defocus, positive focus, and farsighted defocus), causing positive and negative adjustment of the eye, changes in the size of the intraocular pressure, and positive and negative changes in the inner surface of the eye, and even ocular physical and Biochemical changes, generally speaking, are too close to lead to myopia, myopia is a poor change in the structure of the eye, the most obvious is the long axis of the eye, the posterior pole scleral dilation and related tissue structure thinning, as well as ciliary muscle changes , lens displacement and changes, intraocular pressure changes, equatorial hyperopia defocusing, etc., where structural changes are mostly irreversible, but the developmental changes that the eye compensates for according to the
  • the best way is to use light.
  • the method of intervention products and depends on the degree of divergence of the light from the light source, the distance over the divergence (non-proportional increase in the number of stages of Formula) past when Rapid increase can also be understood as the near-distance of the far-sighted defocus of the retina is rapidly increasing, leading to the occurrence and development of myopia. Therefore, the distance associated with light is the key, so the prevention of myopia control distance (25 cm away) is the key, and this distance has the greatest relationship with the solution of sitting posture and head position.
  • the head position and sitting position can solve most of the over-provisioning comprehensive adjustment, and control the distance that does not occur too close to the reading and writing.
  • a suitable optical defocus lens related to the distance it is more sure to achieve The desired intraocular eye is a target of myopic defocus image, which can better prevent and cure myopia, and even restore vision completely.
  • the present invention designs an occlusion zone (or non-gaze zone, the same below) and a gaze zone on the glasses, and blocks the near or too close distance by using the occlusion zone, and the function is to prevent the retinal from being farsighted. And excessive adjustment of the eye and increased intraocular pressure.
  • the occlusion zone can be a convex lens that acts to produce optically complete retinal defocusing of the retina, with a large defocusing relative to the central region of the retina to block vision; or a non-reflective and opaque material to obstruct vision.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are: by controlling the head position and the sitting posture, the wearer forms a good learning and working eye habit, thereby playing a good role in suppressing, restoring and preventing the myopia, and scratching the wearer's head.
  • Bad habits such as bowing, looking down, strabismus, and crouching have a good corrective effect, preventing the occurrence of many cervical-related diseases; its structure is simple, no need for any attachments, easy to use, good for preventing and treating myopia and correcting bad postures, effective fast.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, scientific principle and uniqueness, and solves the key problem of causing myopia, and the effect is remarkable. It is especially suitable for the prevention, treatment and correction of myopia in adolescents.
  • the central region of the retina can be changed in the direction of the reduction of the axial direction, thereby more effectively serving the myopia treatment and prevention.
  • the gaze area can not only play an indirect role in controlling the head position and sitting posture, but also prevent The central region of the retina produces hyperopic defocus.
  • the non-gaze area can produce near-sighted large defocusing in the central region of the retina, and produce near-eye defocusing in the peripheral region of the retina, which is better for preventing and treating myopia.
  • the glasses are only provided with the lower correcting gaze area, which can be used for long-term reading, writing, etc. to prevent myopia and corrective use and to change the habit of bowing.
  • Only the upper correcting and gazing area can be used to prevent myopia and correct posture when using it. If it is used during class in the classroom, it can prevent the occurrence of near-behavior, such as bowing and looking down.
  • it is equipped with the lower correcting gaze area and the upper correcting gaze area. It is specially used for prevention and treatment of myopia and posture in the occasions of class, listening, taking notes, etc., which can meet the needs of learning to look at the near and far use.
  • FIG. 1 is a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Example 1 group glasses as shown in Figure 1.
  • Function and use requirements Its function is to limit the proximity, that is, when looking down or looking down at a close distance, you can't see clearly when you look at the distance. When you look far away, keep the entire retina of the eye in a myopic defocus state, such as listening to wear. It is specially used for viewing far-sighted use, in order to look at the special mirror.
  • the non-gaze area is a large defocusing area, which is a large defocus lens.
  • the function is to control the head position and keep it in a good position to reach a certain line of sight. Prevents bowing, crouching, and the like, and prevents retinal hyperopia caused by the near vision. It is required to be worn for reading, reading, etc. that are dedicated to near reading.
  • the non-gaze area is a large defocusing area, which is a large defocus lens.
  • Example 3 group glasses as shown in FIG. (1)
  • Function and use requirements To be used correctly, look at the upper area and the near area. The function is to control the behavior of looking at a distance, ensuring a good head position, sitting posture, not being able to squint and looking at a close distance, and ensuring the effect of myopic defocusing in the central region of the retina.
  • Preparation parameters There is an upper correcting gaze area and a lower correcting gaze area, and the lens lenses of the upper correcting gaze area and the lower correcting gaze area are crescent shapes, all of which are small and medium defocused lenses, and the small and medium defocused lenses
  • the non-gaze area is an opaque area and is an opaque lens.
  • Example 4 Group glasses as shown in Figure 4.
  • the lower correcting gaze area is a small and medium defocused lens.
  • the non-gaze area is a semi-transmissive area with visual blocking effect and is a semi-transmissive ink lens.
  • Example 5 glasses as shown in Figure 5.
  • Function and use requirements The function is to control the head position, sitting position, control the distance more strictly, and ensure that the line of sight is worn when the distance is greater than or equal to a certain distance.
  • Uses For patients with high myopia, rapid development of myopia or very bad habits, for the prevention of myopia development and correction of poor sitting posture.
  • the non-gaze area is a light-transmitting area with visual blocking effect, and is a near-focus large defocusing defocusing lens.
  • Example 6 Group glasses as shown in Fig. 6 (the gaze area is a through hole)
  • the gaze area is a strip-shaped flat lens; the non-gaze area is a light-transmitting area of the sunglasses with visual blocking effect.
  • Example 7 Group glasses as shown in Fig. 7 (the gaze area is a flat lens)
  • the gaze area is a strip-shaped flat lens.
  • the non-gaze area is an opaque area with visual blocking effect.
  • Example 8 Group glasses as shown in Fig. 8 (the gaze area is a through hole)
  • Preparation parameters There is an upper correcting gaze area and a lower correcting gaze area, and the gaze area is a through hole.
  • the non-gaze area is a semi-transparent area of the sunglasses with visual blocking effect.
  • Example 1 to 8 sets of specific examples of the lens parameters, experimental results of the statistical table Table 1 on the correct posture on the correct posture gaze area under the correct posture under the correct posture gaze area
  • h is the closest distance from the upper correcting gaze area or the lower correcting gaze area to the eyeglass frame level line;
  • d is the height of the corrective gaze area (the diameter is the circle); the defocusing of the corrective gaze area
  • this table lists some specific height, the distance between the right posture and the rear position is 33.3 cm, the students who are far away from 5 meters and beyond, the age of 6 to 16 years old, the different myopia glasses and the use of one month .
  • the correction gaze area and the non-gaze area can be designed.
  • the gaze gaze area can be matched according to the configuration parameter formula of the small and medium defocus lens (for astigmatism and strabismus, it can be concave according to the prior art). Cylindrical lens, convex lens, prism, etc.).
  • Each person performs a comprehensive examination: sitting position, head position investigation record, computer optometry, retinoscopy to determine myopia, standard vision, interpupillary distance, eye height, body height and reasonable line of sight.
  • Various glasses of the present invention are provided in accordance with the data and needs.
  • the near-mirror is shown in Figure 2; for visual acuity less than 0.6, myopia is studied in the middle and high-level classrooms, with a view of the far and near dual-use mirrors as shown in Figure 3 and 5; Listening to class, seeing far, having a low-headed habit of myopia with a telescope as shown in Figure 1; habitual bow can also be equipped with a living telescope as shown in Figure 4; like watching a computer can also be equipped with a medium distance mirror as shown in Figure 2. .
  • Cure Naked vision reaches 1.0 and above 1.0; myopia symptoms completely disappear.
  • literacy reading including sitting posture
  • 518 people 518 people 100 of which: walking down the head 201 people 196 people 98 of which: the bow down the head 102 people 102 people 100
  • the invention divides the eyeglasses corresponding eyes into relatively unclear areas and relatively clear areas, and can use the invisible area to obstruct the near view, and can use the clearly visible area to adjust the head position and the indirect control to see the close distance, and reuse the optics by controlling the distance.
  • the method of changing the degree of divergence of light to create defocus has a guarantee, and the effect is improved, thereby solving the problem of sitting posture, head position and myopia.
  • the area is fixed in front of the pupil of the eye through the glasses, and is located in the middle area of the eyeglasses and around.
  • the relatively clear area is fixed above or below the pupil of the eye through the glasses design, and the light-emitting and opaque areas cannot be seen clearly.
  • Semi-transparent material, functional film lens, generalized optical material or lensless or flat mirror its role is to block the visual acuity of the eyes with different diopter effects or no vision (such as complete black), not for the retina
  • the effect of hyperopic defocusing does not have any negative effects on vision health (such as diffuse or white materials, which are equivalent to near objects, and obstructing pupils can produce retinal hyperopic defocus images, leading to myopia development. Other materials with diffuse reflections are not desirable).
  • the relatively clear area can be used with various optical lenses for the eyes or no lenses. Its function is relatively clear and can be seen clearly.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

公开了一种控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜,镜片包括纠姿注视区(7,8)和非注视区,纠姿注视区为通透孔或透镜镜片,纠姿注视区位于眼镜架平视线(1)的下部和/或上部,纠姿注视区到眼镜架平视线(1)的最近距离为3-20mm;其他区为非注视区。通过控制头位和坐姿,佩戴者形成一个良好的抑制、恢复和预防作用,并对佩戴者歪头、低头、俯视、斜视、趴伏等不良姿势起到良好的纠正作用,预防许多颈椎相关疾病的发生。其结构简单,不需要附属装置,使用方便,防治近视及纠正不良姿势效果好、见效快,特别适合青少年近视眼的预防、治疗及纠姿。

Description

控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜 技术领域 本发明涉及纠正学生不良坐姿和防治近视的眼镜技术领域。 背景技术 关于控制距离改变坐姿的产品 以往的专利有: 防近视装置 , 专利 号为: 201120177176.6 是通过装在眼镜框上的电子装置, 用光电信号测 距离来发出声音提醒患者注意距离的, 类似的产品比较多, 使用中因为 是一种强制和干扰信号, 使用者比较讨厌使用, 而且装置在眼镜上显得 复杂也不美观。 所以不受欢迎, 另一类控制距离的装置, 专利比如: 一 种预防近视的读书桌面。专利号: 201220387573.0 是通过桌面上的支架、 夹子等把学习读物、 本子固定或立起来放远, 拉开距离。 该机构物都会 影响正常桌面的功能, 给学习工作带来不方便, 使用者不喜欢接受的等 问题, 因此不能达到很好解决控制距离的作用, 实用及效果不好。
去年本发明人发明了 "控制离焦及眼屈光度的多元镜片及其应用" 专利, 专利申请号为: 201210196959.8。在防治近视等方面从理论到实效 都取得了大的进步, 但是, 该发明不具备解决与视力密切相关的头位和 坐姿问题的功能, 而这个问题是影响人类健康的一大问题, 不良的头位 和坐姿带来了许多相关形象问题和慢性疾病, 如颈椎病、 脊椎异常弯曲、 驼背及视力问题。 另外该发明在应用中要求严密监控使用者, 来控制使 用距离, 需要的指导太多, 如果不注意控制使用距离或提醒不够, 则使 用方法和要求会不到位, 效果就可能大受影响, 所以其长期应用效果就 难保障, 若无限制地过度近距离长期的读、 写、 看, 还可以引起慢性的 脑供血不足、 颈椎病、 颈椎骨骼畸形发育等问题。 发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜, 通过控 制头位和坐姿, 使佩戴者形成一个良好的学习、 工作用眼习惯, 从而对 近视眼起到很好的抑制、 恢复和预防作用, 并对佩戴者歪头、 低头、 俯 视、 斜视、 趴伏等不良姿势起到良好的纠正作用, 可预防许多颈椎相关 疾病的发生; 本发明结构简单, 不需任何附属装置, 使用方便, 防治近 视及纠正不良姿势效果好、 见效快。 特别适合青少年近视眼的预防、 治 疗及纠姿。
本发明的技术方案是: 一种控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜, 其特 征在于, 设有纠姿注视区和非注视区; 纠姿注视区为通透孔或透镜 (可 包括平透镜、 凹透镜、 凸透镜、 凹柱透镜、 凸柱透镜、 三棱镜等) 镜片, 纠姿注视区可呈圆形、 方形、 半圆形、 长条形等, 纠姿注视区位于眼镜 架平视线的下部和 /或上部,纠姿注视区到眼镜架平视线的最近距离为 3〜 20mm; 其他区为非注视区。
优选结构是, 所述的纠姿注视区到眼镜架平视线的最近距离为 5〜 13mm。 所述的纠姿注视区可以位于眼镜架平视线的下部, 称为下部纠姿注 视区; 纠姿注视区为透镜镜片, 所述的透镜镜片为中小离焦镜片, 中小 离焦镜片的配置参数符合以下公式: Φ=1/ϋ+Α+ Β, 其中 Φ单位为 D, U 为镜片到被视物间的距离,单位为 m, U取 0.25〜1.00m,或 U取无穷大; A为被防治者看远的屈光度 (近视为负值) ; B 为离焦度,单位为 D; B 为 0.25〜1.5D。 所述的纠姿注视区也可以位于眼镜架平视线的上部, 称为上部纠姿 注视区; 纠姿注视区为透镜镜片, 所述透镜镜片为中小离焦镜片, 中小 离焦镜片的配置参数符合以下公式: Φ=1/ϋ+Α+ Β, 其中 Φ单位为 D, U 为镜片到被视物间的距离, 单位为 m, U取无穷大; A为被防治者看远 的屈光度 (近视为负值) ; B为离焦度,单位为 D, B为 0.25〜1.5D。 所述的纠姿注视区也可以同时设有下部纠姿注视区和上部纠姿注视 区, 下部纠姿注视区位于眼镜架平视线的下部; 上部纠姿注视区位于眼 镜架平视线的上部; 下部纠姿注视区和上部纠姿注视区均为透镜镜片, 所述透镜镜片均为中小离焦镜片, 中小离焦镜片的配置参数符合以下公 式: Φ =1/ϋ+Α+ Β, 其中 Φ单位为 D, U为镜片到被视物间的距离, 单位 为 m; 下部纠姿注视区, U取 0.25〜: L.OOmm; 上部纠姿注视区, U取无 穷大; A为被防治者看远的屈光度 (近视为负值) ; B为离焦度,单位为 D, B取值 0.25〜1.5D。 优选结构是, 所述的下部纠姿注视区中小离焦镜片的配置 U取值为 0.33〜0.50m。 优选结构是, 所述的中小离焦镜片的配置 B取值 0.5〜1D。
所述的非注视区可以为不透光区; 或有视力遮挡作用的半透光区; 或有视力遮挡作用的透光区: 例如大离焦区或大离焦向中、 小离焦的渐 变区, 等。 优选结构为大离焦区。 所述大离焦区: 指非注视区为凸透镜, 该凸透镜的屈光度符合以下公式: Φ* =1/υ+Β *, 其中 Φ 单位为 D; U 为镜片到被视物间的距离, 单位为 m, U^0.25m; B *为大离焦度, 单位 为 D, 1.5D< B大 20D。 上述的大离焦、 中小离焦是指相对视网膜能产生的离焦度。
上述的纠姿注视区是指眼睛通过该区注视和观察, 防治近视, 同时 纠正姿势。 上述的非注视区是指眼睛不能通过该区注视和观察, 迫使其 视线移动, 找寻可以注视和观察的视区, 即纠姿注视区。
上述的眼镜架平视线: 是指人头位端正佩戴眼镜平视时, 双眼视线 所在的平面与镜片的交线。 正常配镜时, 瞳孔的中心位置均配在此线上。
本发明的机理:
1、 头位、 坐姿不良导致颈椎病问题及与视力关系的分析
人类颈椎有一个正常的向后生理弯曲, 抬头挺胸是最健康的头位、 身姿, 而现在大量的读、 写看近工作, 迫使人低头、 驼背, 造成颈椎异 常的反向弯曲或扭曲, 压迫或牵扯到一些周围神经、 血管、 椎骨、 脊髓 和肌肉等组织, 长期如此可形成许多颈椎相关疾病。 另外, 绝大部分近 视的发生、 发展与坐姿密切相关。 一般说来, 头位、 坐姿不良是导致近 视的原因。 从另一个角度看, 人的视觉, 需要看得清楚, 看清楚是人的 一种本能和需求, 看清楚的要求越大, 难以控制的本能也越强烈, 这种 视清的本能, 造成了头位及坐姿的不良, 也更加重了视力不良和近视发 生、 发展。 故, 防治近视, 一可以直接从强制纠正头位、 坐姿入手; 二 更重要的是应从满足、 顺从人急需看清的本能入手, 反其道而行之。 即 先人为地制造模糊区 (非注视区) 及相对清楚和舒服区 (纠姿注视区) , 迫使人本能地去看相对清楚区, 避开模糊区, 这样经过特殊设计, 通过 视觉可以调整坐姿, 变低头为抬头 (符合了人类颈椎的正常弯曲) 或者 不能低头等, 从而有效地达到纠正头位和坐姿, 同时也达到抑制、 恢复、 治疗、 预防近视的目的。
2、 近视机理分析
1 ) 、 离焦 (即散焦) 原因
近几十年关于近视成因的动物离焦 (散焦) 实验论文有很多, 结合 近视流行病与行为关系的大量统计资料, 可以归纳分析为看近或者戴凹 透镜造成眼睛内部中心视野或周边视野的远视性离焦, 这种离焦会形成 结构性 (轴性) 近视, 反之戴凸透镜造成眼睛内部中心视野或周边视野 的近视性离焦, 这种离焦会形成结构性 (轴性) 远视。 由此理论依据, 可知必须解决看近这种远视性离焦的问题, 对于人而言, 由于人的视清 的本能和大量看近的需求, 所以, 就是要克服看近变人的中心视野区的 远视性离焦为近视性离焦问题 (中心视野区指黄斑区或紧靠黄斑区的周 边区) , 这样只能对视网膜进行光学产品的干预创造整个视野的近视性 离焦, 它是解决轴性近视发展甚至逆转近视的大方向和办法。
2) 、 眼压原因
根据最新的科研资料, 实验论文及临床统计, 近视眼的发展与眼压 关系密切。 当看近距离过近时 (25厘米以内), 眼压会升高, 其原因与看 近时眼睛启动调节负担大应该有关, 眼睛的视近距离过小时, 眼的外肌 越来越紧张, 可以作用于眼球外部, 增加眼压, 而眼的内肌也越来越紧 张, 包括睫状肌, 虹膜中的肌群等作用会影响眼睛前后房液的排出的通 畅性, 而造成眼压的增大, 而此压强可传递到眼球最薄弱的后极部, 引 起后极部的扩张和生化变化, 形成轴性近视, 甚至视网膜脱离, 所以要 减压需从视距和调节入手, 避免视物的距离过近和减少眼的看近性的调 节集合等, 避免升高眼压是控制近视发展的另一个办法。
3 ) 、 调节原因
人眼看近要有一系列多方面的调节, 可以称为综合性调节, 调节包 括晶状体的屈光变化、 眼压的变化、 眼外肌的调节和眼内肌的收缩及结 构形变 (已知的有虹膜、 睫状肌的微动前移、 角膜和晶状体的形变, 还 有眼球整体的形变、 眼轴调节性微小的变化) , 所以调节是一个综合性 的复杂的整体变化, 而这种调节的目的是适于看近的需要, 这样久而久 之必然整体结构向近视结构方面变化, 而调节主要决定于视网膜中心的 离焦, 还有不同距离的双眼集合。 通过中心区的近视性离焦来避免看近 的调节和达到反向调节, 结合距离控制, 避免过度综合性调节, 是对眼 睛结构的方方面面起到有利帮助的防治近视的方法和设计的方案。
上述 3个因素都与距离和光密切相关, 即决定于视网膜的黄斑处的 光学成像状况, 上述因素又可能是统一到一个根源, 即光的因素, 以不 同发散成度之光进入眼睛成焦于视网膜黄斑区不同位置 (即发生近视性 离焦、 正焦、 远视性离焦) , 引起眼睛的正、 反的调节、 眼压的大小变 化和眼球内方方面面的正、 反变化乃至眼组织物理和生化的变化, 概括 通俗的说就是看近过度导致近视, 近视是眼结构的不良变化, 最明显处 是眼轴偏长, 后极部巩膜扩张及相关组织结构变薄, 还有睫状肌变化, 晶状体位移和变化, 眼压变化、 赤道部远视性离焦等等, 其中结构性变 化多数是不可逆的, 但眼睛根据看远的需要而代偿的发育变化, 又可以 从调节及组织生长到结构变化再弥补已经发生的缺陷, 所以, 视力恢复 也是完全可能的, 最好的方法还是用光学产品干预的方法, 而光的发散 程度决定于光源的距离, 距离过近时发散度将 (非正比例的级数式增加) 急速增加, 也可以理解为过近时光在视网膜的远视性离焦急速变大, 导 致近视很容易发生和发展。 所以与光相关的距离又是关键, 故防治近视 控制好距离(25厘米以外)是关键, 这个距离又与解决坐姿、 头位不良, 关系最大。
总之, 解决近视问题, 就是要解决距离和光的问题, 就是解决过度 看近问题, 即防止远视性离焦和过度调节的问题, 进而又是解决坐姿头 位的问题。 一般而言, 头位、 坐姿可以解决大部分的过度看近综合性调 节, 控制不发生读写过近的距离, 如再加配置与距离有关的合适的光学 离焦镜片, 就更能确保达到需要的眼内成近视性离焦像的目标, 预防、 治愈近视效果会更好, 甚至可以彻底恢复视力。
根据上述理论和分析, 本发明在眼镜上设计了遮挡区 (或称非注视 区, 以下同) 和注视区, 利用遮挡区阻碍看近或过近距离看, 作用是防 止视网膜发生远视性离焦和过大的眼综合性调节及眼压增加。 遮挡区可 以是凸透镜其作用是产生光学的整个视网膜近视性离焦, 相对视网膜中 心区是大离焦, 来阻碍视力; 也可以是不反光和不透光的材料来阻碍视 力。 利用注视区吸引视线进而纠正头位和坐姿, 控制看近距离防止过度 看近, 防治近视; 并可更好地保证产生视网膜中心区近视性中小离焦, 强化防治近视效果。
本发明的有益效果是: 通过控制头位和坐姿, 使佩戴者形成一个良 好的学习、 工作用眼习惯, 从而对近视眼起到很好的抑制、 恢复和预防 作用, 并对佩戴者歪头、 低头、 俯视、 斜视、 趴伏等不良习惯起到良好 的纠正作用, 预防许多颈椎相关疾病的发生; 其结构简单, 不需任何附 属装置, 使用方便, 防治近视及纠正不良姿势效果好、 见效快。 本发明 结构简单、 原理科学、 独特, 解决了造成近视的关键问题, 效果显著。 特别适合青少年近视眼的预防、 治疗及纠姿。
此外, 通过保证产生视网膜中心区的近视性 (中、 小) 离焦, 可以 使视网膜的中心区向眼轴缩小的方向变化, 从而更有效的起到近视治疗 和预防作用。 注视区不仅能间接起到控制头位和坐姿作用, 还可起到防 止视网膜中心区产生远视性离焦。 而非注视区对视网膜中心区能产生近 视性大离焦, 对视网膜周边区产生近视性离焦, 防治近视效果更佳。
眼镜只设有下部纠姿注视区的可专门用于长时间读、 写等看近情况 下防治近视及纠姿使用和用于改变习惯低头的行为。 只有上部纠姿注视 区的可专门用于看远时防治近视及纠姿使用, 如果是在教室内听课时使 用, 则可以防止低头、 俯视等看近行为的发生。 同时设有下部纠姿注视 区和上部纠姿注视区的, 专门用于上课、 听讲、 做笔记等场合防治近视 及纠姿使用, 可以满足学习时看远看近交替使用的需要。
以下仅结合部分实施例及附图作详述, 但不作为对本发明的限定。 附图说明 图 1是本发明实施例 1的
图 2是本发明实施例 2的
图 3是本发明实施例 3的
图 4是本发明实施例 4的
图 5是本发明实施例 5的
图 6是本发明实施例 6的
图 7是本发明实施例 7的
图 8是本发明实施例 8的
图中, 1-眼镜架平视线, 2 4、 6、 8、 10、 12—下部纠姿注视区, 3、 5、 7、 9、 11一上部纠姿注视区 h-上纠姿注视区或下纠姿注视区到眼镜 架平视线的最近距离。 具体实施方式 一、 具体实施例及使用情况:
实施例 1组: 如图 1所示眼镜 (1) 功能和使用要求: 它的功能是限制看近, 即低头或视线向下 方近距离看时看不清, 看远时保持眼的视网膜整个视野处于近视性离焦 状态, 比如听讲要佩戴专门用于看远使用, 为看远专用镜。
(2) 用途: 适用于近视患者, 一般在看远时使用, 如果是在教室 内听课时使用, 则可以防止低头、 俯视等看近行为的发生, 因为这些行 为将会导致近视的发生发展和坐姿问题。
(3) 配镜: 设有上纠姿注视区, 上纠姿注视区的透镜镜片为中小离 焦镜片, 该中小离焦镜片的配置参数符合上述公式 (即 Φ=1/υ+Α+Β) , U取无穷大。
非注视区为大离焦区, 为大离焦镜片, 该大离焦镜片的配置参数符 合上述公式 (即 Φ大 =1/U+B大) 。
(4) 本组具体实施例的上纠姿注视区的参数及其透镜配镜参数及 实验效果见表 1。
实施例 2组; 如图 2所示眼镜
(1) 功能和使用要求: 功能是控制头位并保持坐姿良好, 从而达 到大于特定的视距。 防止低头、 趴伏、 等行为, 并防止因视距过近而发 生的视网膜远视性离焦问题。 要求专用于看近的书写、 阅读等必须佩戴。
(2) 用途: 一般在长时间的读、 写等看近情况下使用, 可以防治 坐姿不良和近视, 是看近专用镜。
(3) 配制: 设有下纠姿注视区, 下纠姿注视区的透镜镜片为中小 离焦镜片,该中小离焦镜片的配置参数符合以上公式(即 Φ=1/ϋ+Α+Β), U取 0.25〜: L.00m。
非注视区为大离焦区, 为大离焦镜片, 该大离焦镜片的配置参数符 合上述公式 (即 Φ大 =1/U+B大) 。
(4) 本组具体实施例的下纠姿注视区的参数及其透镜的配镜参数、 实验效果见表 1。
实施例 3组: 如图 3所示眼镜 ( 1 ) 功能和使用要求: 要会正确使用, 即看远用上区, 看近用下 区。 功能是可以控制看远看近保证良好的头位、 坐姿, 不能偏头或低头 等斜视和过近距离看的行为, 并确保视网膜中心区近视性离焦的效果。
(2) 用途: 一般用于学生上课、 听讲、 做笔记等场合, 可以满足 学习时看远看近交替使用的需要。 矫正不良头位坐姿和防治近视。
( 3 ) 配制参数: 设有上纠姿注视区和下纠姿注视区, 上纠姿注视 区和下纠姿注视区的透镜镜片为月牙形, 均为中小离焦镜片, 该中小离 焦镜片的配置参数符合以上公式 (即 Φ =1/ϋ+Α+ Β ) , 下区 U取 0.25〜 1.00m, 上区 U取无穷大。
非注视区为不透光区, 为不透光镜片。
(4)本组具体实施例的上纠姿注视区和下纠姿注视区的参数及其透 镜的配镜参数、 实验效果见表 1。
实施例 4组: 如图 4所示眼镜
( 1 ) 功能和使用要求: 控制头位, 起到抬头挺胸的作用, 一般用 于顽固低头习惯的人, 改变习惯要求佩戴。
(2) 用途: 用于多种场合为改变习惯时的佩戴。 训练纠正低头问 题, 预防近视和颈椎病。
(3 ) 配制参数:
设有下纠姿注视区, 下纠姿注视区为中小离焦镜片, 该中小离焦镜 片的配置参数符合以上公式 (即 Φ =1/ϋ+Α+ Β ) , U取无穷大。
非注视区是有视力遮挡作用的半透光区, 为半透光墨镜片。
(4) 本组具体实施例的下纠姿注视区的参数及其透镜的配镜参数、 实验效果见表 1。
实施例 5组: 如图 5所示眼镜
( 1 ) 功能和使用要求: 功能是控制头位、 坐姿, 更严格地控制距 离, 确保视距大于等于某一特定的距离时佩戴。 (2) 用途: 用于高度近视、 近视发展很快的患者或习惯很不好的 人, 用于防治近视发展和不良坐姿的纠正。
( 3 ) 配制参数: 设有上纠姿注视区和下纠姿注视区, 上纠姿注视 区和下纠姿注视区的透镜镜片均为中小离焦镜片, 该中小离焦镜片的配 置参数符合以上公式 (即 Φ =1/ϋ+Α+ Β) , 下区 U取 0.25〜: L.OOm, 上区 U取无穷大。 非注视区为有视力遮挡作用的透光区, 为近视性大离焦的离焦镜片, 该大离焦镜片的配置参数符合上述公式 (即 Φ * =1/ϋ+Β ) 。
(4) 本组具体实施例的上纠姿注视区和下纠姿注视区的参数及其 透镜的配镜参数、 实验效果见表 1。
实施例 6组:如图 6所示眼镜 (注视区为通透孔)
( 1 ) 功能和使用要求: 防止看近, 即低头或视线向下方近距离看 时看不了, 看远时保持眼的视网膜中心视野处于近视性离焦或中心视野 正焦状态, 专门看远学习时要求佩戴使用, 为只能看远不能看近的防控 近视专用镜。
(2) 用途: 适用于正视或轻度近视患者, 一般在看远时使用, 如 果是在教室内听课看黑板时使用, 可以防止低头、 俯视等不良坐姿和看 近行为的发生。
(3 ) 配制参数: 注视区为条状平透镜; 非注视区是有视力遮挡作用 的墨镜透光区。
(4) 本组具体实施例的参数及实验效果见表 1。
实施例 7组:如图 7所示眼镜 (注视区为平透镜)
( 1 ) 功能和使用要求: 控制距离并保持头位、 坐姿良好, 从而控 制特定的视距。 防止低头、 趴伏等行为, 进而防止因读、 写看近需要而 发生的坐姿不良问题。 要求专用于看近的书写、 阅读等佩戴。
(2) 用途: 一般在长时间的读、 写等看近情况下使用, 可以防治 坐姿不良和过度看近防止近视, 是预防近视看近专用纠姿防近视保护镜。 ( 3 ) 配制参数: 注视区为条状平透镜。 非注视区为有视力遮挡作 用的不透光区。
(4) 本组具体实施例的参数及实验效果见表 1。 实施例 8组:如图 8所示眼镜 (注视区为通透孔)
( 1 ) 功能和使用要求: 要求看远用上区, 看近用下区。 眼镜要习 惯使用, 眼镜本身也可以确保使用者的正确使用, 这样可以达到看远看 近保证良好的头位、 坐姿, 不能偏头、 低头、 斜视和过近距离读、 写、 看的功能。
(2) 用途: 学生上课、 听讲、 做笔记等场合, 可以满足学习时看 远看近交替使用的需要。 同时矫正不良头位坐姿和防治近视。
( 3 ) 配制参数: 设有上纠姿注视区和下纠姿注视区, 注视区为通 透孔。 非注视区为有视力遮挡作用的墨镜半透光区。
(4) 本组具体实施例的参数及实验效果见表 1。 实施例 1〜8组各具体实施例的配镜参数、 实验效果统计表 表 1 上纠姿 上纠姿注视区 下纠姿 下纠姿注视区高
类 注视区 高度 d (或直径) 注视区 度 d (或直径)
A (D) 效果 型 Φ 最近距离 h Φ 最近距离 h
(D) (mm) (D) (mm) 图 2 -0. 5 3. 25 d=20, , h=3 良 图 2 -0. 5 3. 25 d=4, h=20 可 图 2 -0. 5 3. 25 d=10, h=13 优 图 2 -1 2. 75 d=15, h=5 优 图 2 -1 2. 75 d=4, h=20 良 图 2 -1 2. 75 d=12, h=13 优 图 2 -1. 5 2. 25 d=14, h=5 优 图 2 -1. 5 2. 25 d=14, h=3 可 图 2 -1. 5 2. 25 d=14, h=13 优 图 2 -4 -0. 25 d=10, h=9 优 图 2 -4 -0. 25 d=12, h=13 优 图 2 -4 -0. 25 d=10, h=9 优 图 3 -2 -1. 25 d=10, h=13 1. 75 d=20, h=5 良 图 3 -2 -1. 25 d=5, h=20 1. 75 d=22, h=3 可 图 3 -2 -1. 25 d=12, h=13 1. 75 d=16, h=9 优 图 3 -2. 5 -1. 75 d=12, h=13 1. 25 d=12, h=13 优 图 3 -2. 5 -1. 75 d=5, h=20 1. 25 d=12, h=13 良 图 3 -2. 5 -1. 75 d=16, h=9 1. 25 d=12, h=13 优 图 3 -3 -2. 25 d=20, h=5 0. 75 d=12, h=13 良 图 3 -3 -2. 25 d=22, h=3 0. 75 d=5, h=20 可 图 3 -3 -2. 25 d=20, h=5 0. 75 d=22, h=13 优 图 3 -5 -4. 25 d=5, h=20 -1. 25 d=22, h=13 优 图 3 -5 -4. 25 d=16, h=9 -1. 25 d=5, h=20 可 图 3 -5 -4. 25 d=7, h=18 -1. 25 d=20, h=5 良 图 3 -6 -5. 25 d=12, h=13 -2. 25 d=12, h=13 良 图 3 -6 -5. 25 d=12, h=13 -2. 25 d=5, h=20 可 图 3 -6 -5. 25 d=16, h=9 -2. 25 d=22, h=3 可 图 3 -7 -6. 25 d=5, h=20 -3. 25 d=12, h=13 优 图 3 -7 -6. 25 d=12, h=13 -3. 25 d=16, h=9 良 图 3 -7 -6. 25 d=5, h=20 -3. 25 d=20, h=5 良 图 3 -8 -7. 25 d=12, h=13 -4. 25 d=16, h=9 优 图 3 -8 -7. 25 d=12, h=13 -4. 25 d=20,, h=5 优 图 3 -8 -7. 25 d=5, h=20 -4. 25 d=16, h=9 良 图 5 -9 -8. 25 d=15, h=5 -5, 25 d=6, h=3 优 图 5 -9 -8. 25 d=5, h=20 -5. 25 d=15, h=5 良 图 5 -9 -8. 25 d=10, h=3 -5. 25 d=10, h=13 优 图 4 -3. 5 -2. 75 d=14, h=13 良 图 4 -3. 5 -2. 75 d=15, h=9 良 图 4 -3. 5 -2. 75 d=10, h=5 优 图 4 -3. 5 -2. 75 d=4, h=20 可 图 4 -3. 5 -2. 75 d=20, h=3 可 图 1 -4 -3. 25 d=14, h=3 可 图 1 -4 -3. 25 d=10, h=13 良 图 1 -4 -3. 25 d=18, h=5 良 图 1 -4 -3. 25 d=12, h=9 优 图 1 -4 -3. 25 d=5, h=20 优 图 1 -4 -3. 25 d=8, h=13 良 图 1 -4 -3. 25 d=7, h=8 可 图 6 -0. 25 为通透孔 d=16, h=9
图 6 0. 50 为通透孔 d=5, h=20
图 6 0 为通透孔 d=12, h=13
图 6 0. 25 为通透孔 d=20, h=5
图 6 0 为通透孔 d=22, h=3
图 7 0. 75 为通透孔 d=27, h=3 图 7 0 为通透孔 d=25, h=5 图 7 0. 75 为通透孔 d=10, h=20 图 7 0. 50 为通透孔 d=17, h=13 图 7 0 为通透孔 d=21, h=9 图 8 1. 00 为通透孔 d=15, h=9 为通透孔 d=15, h=5 图 8 0. 25 为通透孔 d=4, h=20 为通透孔 d=10, h=13 图 8 -0. 50 为通透孔 d=15, h=5 为通透孔 d=10, h=3
图 8 0 为通透孔 d=12, h=13 为通透孔 d=13, h=9
图 8 0. 25 为通透孔 d=20, h=3 为通透孔 d=4, h=20 表 1说明:
1、 表中 h为上纠姿注视区或下纠姿注视区到眼镜架平视线的最近距 离; 表中 d为纠姿注视区的高度 (圆时为直径) ; 纠姿注视区的离焦镜 片的配置参数为 Φ, Φ按上述公式 (Φ =1/ϋ+Α+Β ) 计算。
2、 此表所列为部分特定身高、 看近姿势端正后距离为 33.3厘米、 看 远在 5米及以外的学生、 年龄为 6〜16岁、 不同近视度配镜及使用一个 月的效果表。
3、 表中所述用后视力提高及效果为防治者使用一个月后的检测结 果。
4、 表中优、 良、 可、 差的标准为:
优: 用后视力提高数 3行以上, 近视屈光度减少 -100度以上。
良:用后视力提高数 2至 3行, 近视屈光度减少 -50到 -100度。
可:用后视力提高数 0到 1行, 近视屈光度减少 -25到 -50度。
差: 用后视力不提高, 近视屈光度不好转或增加度数。
5、 表中图 6、 图 7、 图 8所示共 15个具体实施例中的使用效果为: 使用 1 个月, 坐姿、 头位不良问题基本纠正, 未发生近视或近视发展现 象。
二、 应用本发明临床实验情况报告
一) 、 564例近视患者应用本发明临床实验情况报告 (使用 6个月 统计结果) :
(一) 、 实验人群 选择在校中小学生, 年龄 6〜16岁, 平均年龄 11.5岁, 人数 564人, 排除不配合者、 常染色隠性遗传者 (或父母均高度近视者) 、 假性近视 者。
(二) 、 实验方法
配镜方法:按发明内容要求和实际需要设计纠姿注视区和非注视区, 纠姿注视区可按中小离焦镜片的配置参数公式配镜 (对于散光、 斜视者 可按现有技术配凹柱透镜、 凸柱透镜、 三棱镜等) 。
每个人进行综合检查: 坐姿、 头位问题调查记录, 电脑验光、 检影 确定近视度数, 测标准视力、 瞳距、 眼位高度、 身体高度和合理视距。 根据数据和需要配本发明的各种眼镜。对于视力较好如 0.6的人或不看远 的学生配看近镜如图 2; 对于视力 0.6以下, 近视在中、 高度的人课堂学 习, 配看远、 近两用镜如图 3和图 5; 听课、 看远、 有低头习惯的近视者 配看远镜如图 1 ; 习惯低头的还可以配生活用看远镜如图 4; 喜欢看电脑 的还可以配中距用镜如图 2。使用 1到 2个月后, 进行近视屈光度测定近 视减少 -0.5D及以上者, 重新配镜一次; 半年后的电脑验光、 检影确定近 视度数、 标准视力测定。 半年后统计的结果见表 2和表 3。
随机抽样部分人, 进行眼 A超、 眼轴等测定检查, 对比显示没有不 良发展问题、 半年测定结果和问询实际生活、 学习的感受, 显示效果好, 屈光度及视力提高稳定, 达到了控制青少年近视发展和一定程度恢复的 预期目的。
(三) 、 防治近视效果标准
治愈: 裸视力达到 1.0及 1.0以上; 近视症状完全消失。
特效: 电脑验光好转, 检影屈光度减少 -1.00D及以上, 裸眼视力提 升 3行; 有效: 电脑验光好转, 裸视提高 1行 (<3行) , 检影屈光度减少 -0.50D及以上到 -1.00D以下。 无效: 电脑验光屈光度发展, 检影屈光度下降, 裸视下降。 (四) 效果统计
原来学生的学习时普遍存在不同程度的低头、 坐姿不良问题, 使用 后彻底解决了坐姿、 头位问题, 使用者非常明显地纠正到端正程度。
1、 纠姿效果统计见表 2。
使用观察半年纠姿效果统计表 表 2 总人数 564人 纠正有效 有效率
%
其中: 读写低头 (含坐姿不良) 518人 518人 100 其中: 走路低头者 201人 196 人 98 其中: 听课低头者 102人 102人 100
2、 近视防治效果统计见表 3。
564人 (总眼数 1128只) 使用半年视力效果统计表
近视度数眼数 治愈 治愈率% 特效 有效 无效 总有效
低度 534 284 53 257 277 0 100% 中度 406 0 0 321 85 0 100% 高度 188 0 0 105 83 0 100%
二) 、 正常眼及轻微近视者佩戴单纯通透孔或平透镜式情况及效果 统计结果:
正常眼及轻微近视者佩戴单纯通透孔式镜实验者 36人, 使用半年统 计, 坐姿、 头位不良问题全部纠正, 未发生近视及近视发展现象。
本发明将眼镜对应眼睛分为相对不能看清楚区和相对能看清楚区, 利用不能看清楚区阻碍看近, 利用能看清楚区调整头位和间接控制看近 距离, 通过控制距离再利用光学方法改变光的发散程度制造离焦就有了 保障, 提高了效果, 从而解决坐姿, 头位和近视问题。 一般不能看清楚 区通过眼镜固定在眼睛瞳孔的正前方, 位于眼镜的中区和周围, 相对能 看清楚区通过眼镜设计固定在眼睛瞳孔的上方或下方, 不能看清楚区采 用各种透光、 不透光、 半透光材料、 加功能膜的镜片、 广义的光学材料 或者无镜片或平镜, 它的作用是相对不同屈光度的眼睛起阻挡视力影响 清晰度或没有视觉 (比如完全的黑色) , 对视网膜不能发生远视性离焦 的光作用, 也不能有任何影响视力健康的负作用 (比如有漫反射或白色的 材料, 它相当于近物, 遮挡瞳孔会产生视网膜远视性离焦影像, 导致近 视发展, 其他有漫反射有颜色材料也不可取)。 相对能看清楚区采用各种 用于眼睛的光学镜片或无镜片, 它的作用是相对不能看清楚区是清楚的, 可以看的。 并且改变头位, 使眼睛读写学习时看的不能太近或者只能看 远, 从而对中心视网膜尽量减少发生远视性离焦的机会, 这样达到控制 距离, 纠正坐姿, 保持视力健康和防治近视的效果。 因此, 具有对歪头、 低头、 近视和相关问题防治效果好、 见效快、 效果稳定、 使用方便的特 点。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 13P99444-PCT
1、 一种控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜, 其特征在于, 设有纠姿注 视区和非注视区; 纠姿注视区为通透孔或透镜镜片, 纠姿注视区位于眼 镜架平视线的下部和 /或上部,纠姿注视区到眼镜架平视线的最近距离为
3〜20mm; 其他区为非注视区。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜, 其特征 在于所述的纠姿注视区到眼镜架平视线的最近距离为 5〜13mm。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜, 其特征 在于所述的纠姿注视区位于眼镜架平视线的下部, 称为下部纠姿注视区; 纠姿注视区为透镜镜片, 所述的透镜镜片为中小离焦镜片, 中小离焦镜 片的配置参数符合以下公式: Φ=1/υ+Α+ Β, 其中 Φ单位为 D, U为镜片 到被视物间的距离, 单位为 m,U取 0.25〜1.00m, 或 U取无穷大; A为被 防治者看远的屈光度; B为离焦度,单位为 D; B为 0.25〜1.5D。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜, 其特征 在于, 所述的纠姿注视区位于眼镜架平视线的上部, 称为上部纠姿注视 区; 纠姿注视区为透镜镜片, 所述透镜镜片为中小离焦镜片, 中小离焦 镜片的配置参数符合以下公式: Φ =1/ϋ+Α+ Β, 其中 Φ单位为 D, U为镜 片到被视物间的距离, 单位为 m,U取无穷大; A为被防治者看远的屈光 度; B为离焦度,单位为 D, B为 0.25〜1.5D。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜, 其特征 在于, 所述的纠姿注视区分为下部纠姿注视区和上部纠姿注视区, 下部 纠姿注视区位于眼镜架平视线的下部; 上部纠姿注视区位于眼镜架平视 线的上部; 下部纠姿注视区和上部纠姿注视区均为透镜镜片, 所述透镜 镜片均为中小离焦镜片, 中小离焦镜片的配置参数符合以下公式: Φ =1/U+A+ B, 其中 Φ单位为 D, U为镜片到被视物间的距离, 单位为 m, 下部纠姿注视区, U取 0.25〜1.00m; 上部纠姿注视区, U取无穷大; A 为被防治者看远的屈光度; B为离焦度,单位为 D, B取值 0.25〜1.5D。
6、 根据权利要求 3或 5所述的控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜, 其特 征在于所述的下部纠姿注视区中小离焦镜片的配置 U 取值为 0.33〜 0.50m。
7、 根据权利要求 3、 4或 5所述的控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜, 其特征在于所述的中小离焦镜片的配置 B取值 0.5〜1D。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜, 其特征 在于所述的非注视区为不透光区; 或为有视力遮挡作用的半透光区; 或 为有视力遮挡作用的透光区: 大离焦区或大离焦向中小离焦过渡的渐变 区。
PCT/CN2013/000847 2013-06-03 2013-07-12 控制头位和坐姿的防治近视眼镜 WO2014194444A1 (zh)

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