WO2014193212A1 - Multifunctional system of concrete blocks in polypod form - Google Patents

Multifunctional system of concrete blocks in polypod form Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014193212A1
WO2014193212A1 PCT/MX2013/000091 MX2013000091W WO2014193212A1 WO 2014193212 A1 WO2014193212 A1 WO 2014193212A1 MX 2013000091 W MX2013000091 W MX 2013000091W WO 2014193212 A1 WO2014193212 A1 WO 2014193212A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polypod
block
shape
shaped concrete
concrete blocks
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2013/000091
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
José CANTO RINCON
Original Assignee
Canto Rincon José
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Canto Rincon José filed Critical Canto Rincon José
Priority to BR112015030014-6A priority Critical patent/BR112015030014B1/en
Priority to CU2015000166A priority patent/CU24552B1/en
Publication of WO2014193212A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014193212A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/129—Polyhedrons, tetrapods or similar bodies, whether or not threaded on strings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of preformed blocks for hydraulic engineering applications, specifically refers to a multifunctional system of concrete blocks of polypod shape, to protect slopes, riverbanks, and similar applications, and a mold for the elaboration of such concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod.
  • the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to protect slopes is characterized by being placed on slopes with different configurations and giving high k d stability coefficients, where the preferred configuration is the mono-layer.
  • the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks is also characterized by being formed by the same polypod-shaped concrete blocks of the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to protect slopes. , with specific functions.
  • the preformed Polypod-type blocks that have been most successful worldwide are the following: Accropode in 1979, according to Spanish patent ES488536; Accropode in 1989, according to French patent FR2647135; the AJacks, in 1991, according to the Spanish patent ES2118773; Accropode in 1995, according to French patent FR2734292; Dolos in 1995, according to US patent US5441362; the Ecopode in 1996, according to Mexican patent MX9703058; Dolos in 1997, according to US patent US5620280; Accropode II, in 1999, according to Spanish patent ES2190405; the Xbloc in 2002, according to Mexican patent MXPA05000975; Core-Loc II in 2005, according to US patent US7976763; Cubipod in 2005, according to Spanish patent ES2264906 .; the A-Jacks in 2007, according to Mexican patent MX-2009009426; and, the Cubipod in 2007, according to Mexican patent MX2010002575.
  • the preformed Accropode, Ecopode and Acropode II blocks are six-pointed or leg-shaped polypods, composed of two anvil-shaped parts joined in a central section, where from each anvil two extreme ends come off, to form a kind of "X", from which two points come out in the normal direction of the center of their front faces of the main block. Some of its edges are chamfering at 45 °.
  • the Xbloc preformed blocks are also a six-pointed polypod, with a spatial arrangement similar to the preformed Ecopode and Acropode II blocks.
  • the Xbloc preformed blocks have an "X" in the same plane with four points, which are narrower than those of the Ecopode and Acropode II blocks. They also have a cubic polyhedron, each one arranged normally on each of the faces of the "X" plane. All edges of this preformed block have right angles.
  • their basic dimensions "D” and height "H" are identical, that is, they are inscribed in a virtual cube.
  • Acropode II preformed blocks Its performance is similar to that achieved by Acropode II preformed blocks, with the advantage that when using preformed blocks of equal D and H than Acropode II, they use a smaller volume of preformed block to achieve the same performance in stability coefficient k d .
  • the preformed A-Jacks blocks according to Spanish patents ES2118773 and Mexican patent MX-2009009426, and commercial information of the company that sells these preformed blocks, are preferably applied on the riverbank, to prevent erosion, and to a lesser extent measure are applied for slope protection. Its design is also a six-pointed polypod, where they are identical, and which start from a rectangular polyhedral core.
  • the present invention solves these problems, by designing, developing and producing a multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod, to protect slopes, riverbanks, and similar applications, and a mold for the preparation of such concrete blocks in shape. of polypod, with notable differences in performance. For example, it was possible to achieve values of stability coefficients Ka greater than the best preformed blocks hitherto patented and existing in the world market. Its design was based on increasing the height ratio "H" with the base "D", which breaks an inertia of more than thirty years, to develop preformed blocks where "H" and "D" are identical.
  • the present invention relates to a multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1), to protect slopes, riverbanks, and similar applications, and a mold (2) for the production of such concrete blocks in the form of polypod (1 1).
  • the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to protect slopes (1T) is characterized by being placed on slopes with different configurations and giving high k d stability coefficients, where the preferred configuration is the mono-layer. High values of stability coefficient k d are achieved by the shape, weight and functions of each concrete block of polypod shape (11). Table 1 describes examples of the performance of the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1), in laboratory tests.
  • Table 1 Examples of performance of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks of polypod shape.
  • the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R), is also characterized by being formed by the same polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1 1) of the multifunctional block system of Polypod shaped concrete to protect slopes (1T), with specific functions.
  • Both the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the form of a polypod to protect slopes (1T) and the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the form of polypod to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R), can have a polymeric coating (RP ) covering the entire surface (S) of each polypod-shaped concrete block (1 1).
  • This coating Polymeric (RP) has the following functions: increase the durability of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) in a marine environment; and, give neutral pH to the surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11); providing a place where food chains can be started from their plant and animal population. This favors the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains.
  • Each polypod-shaped concrete block (11) is characterized by being composed of the following functional parts: a flat block (12), two truncated square pyramids (123) and 45 ° chamfered edges (11 A).
  • the flat block (12) is composed of a square block (121) and four square ends ending at an angle of 90 ° (122), which start from each corner of the square block (121 E).
  • the flat block (12) is characterized in that it has a thickness of 0.39 H, where H is the length that exists between the planes formed by the upper side of the truncated square pyramid (123S).
  • the square block (121) is characterized by having a side of 0.61 D, where D is the length between the vertices of two square ends angled at 90 ° (122) adjacent.
  • the length H is characterized by being greater than the length D, and where the length D can vary from 0.6 to 1.0 times the distance H.
  • the flat block (12) of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks of polypod shape to protect slopes (1T) and of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks form pol ⁇ podo slopes to protect and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1T rp) has the following functions: confer most of the weight concrete block form pol ⁇ podo (11); dissipate the greatest amount of energy from the waves when they fall on the multifunctional concrete block system in the shape of a polypod (1).
  • the flat block (12) of the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R) and the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks and propitiate the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 Rrp), has the following functions: to confer most of the weight to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11); and, considerably reduce the speed of the river current when passing over the multifunctional system of concrete blocks shaped like a polypod (1).
  • the two truncated square pyramids (123), which also form an integral part of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11), are arranged on the front faces of the square block (121 F).
  • Truncated square pyramids (123) are characterized by having a height of 0.305 H, a base of 0.305 H on the side, and an upper face of 0.20 H on the side.
  • the two truncated square pyramids (123) of the multifunctional polyblock-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes (1T) and the multifunctional polypod-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1T rp ) have the following functions: to be support on the slope, giving a low center of gravity to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) when placed on the slope, which provides great stability in the face of the onslaught of waves; contribute to dissipate the energy of the waves when they fall on the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1); be supported by other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); and, promote locking with other concrete blocks in the form of contiguous polypod (1 1), and be able to form
  • the two truncated square pyramids (123) of the multifunctional polyblock-shaped concrete block system to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R) and the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system to prevent erosion on riverbank of rivers and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 R rp ), have the following functions: to be support on the riverbank, giving a center of gravity under the concrete block of polypod shape (11) when placed on the river bank, which provides great stability to the passage of the river's water flow over the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); contribute to decrease the speed of the river current by passing over the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1); be supported by other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); and, promote locking with other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1).
  • Chamfered edges at 45 ° (11A) are located at the junction of the planes of the front faces of the flat block (12F) with the planes of the lateral faces of the flat block (12L), and at the junction of the two planes Side faces of the truncated square pyramids (123L) adjoining.
  • the 45 ° (1 1A) chamfered edges of the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes (1T) and the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes and encourage the initiation of vegetable food chains and animals (1T rp ) have the following functions: considerably reduce the turbulent flow of water that occurs when the waves fall on each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (1 1); and, to be a support point of each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) on the slope.
  • the chamfered edges at 45 ° (11 A) of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R) and the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to prevent erosion in river banks and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 Rr p ), have the following functions: to promote a laminar flow of the river that passes over each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11); and, to be a support point for each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) on the riverbank.
  • the polymeric coating (RP) covering the entire surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11), of the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R) and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains, is characterized by having in its composition recycled polymers, preferably polystyrenes.
  • the polymeric coating (RP) has the following functions: to increase the durability of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) in a marine environment; and, give neutral pH to the surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (1 1); providing a place where food chains can be started from their plant and animal population.
  • the mold (2) for making the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) is characterized by being composed of two metal walls (21) that join to form a cavity with the outer shape of the concrete-shaped concrete block.
  • polypod (11) with an opening in its upper part that allows the emptying, vibrating and setting of the concrete; where these metal walls also allow an easy and safe demoulding of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11).
  • Figure 1 shows a concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11), its two square truncated pyramids (123), its square block (121), its four square ends angled at 90 ° (122), and its edges chamfered at 45 ° (11A);
  • Figure 2 corresponds to a multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1), in its multiple functions: a multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to protect slopes (1T), a multifunctional system of concrete blocks with a polypod shape to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R), a multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to protect slopes and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1T rp ) and a multifunctional system of Polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks and encourage the initiation of plant and animal food chains (1 Rrp);
  • Figure 3 shows how a concrete block in the shape of
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention consists of a multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to protect slopes (1T), a multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks and promote initiation. of vegetable and animal food chains (1 R rp ), and of a mold (2) for the elaboration of such concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1).
  • the multifunctional system of concrete blocks of polypod shape to protect slopes (1T) is characterized by being placed on slopes in a mono-layer configuration and giving stability coefficients k d with a value of 18 for a slope slope of 2: 1 , a value of 17 for a slope slope of 1.5: 1 and a value of 16 for a slope slope of 1.33: 1, where these values depend on the height of the wave.
  • High values of stability coefficient k d are achieved by the shape, weight and functions of each concrete block of polypod shape (11).
  • Each polypod-shaped concrete block (1 1) is characterized by being composed of the following functional parts: a flat block (12), two truncated square pyramids (123) and 45 ° chamfered edges (11 A).
  • the flat block (12) is composed of a square block (121) and four square ends ending at an angle of 90 ° (122), which start from each corner of the square block (121 E).
  • the flat block (12) is characterized in that it has a thickness of 0.39 H, where H is the length that exists between the planes formed by the upper truncated square pyramid face (123S).
  • the square block (121) is characterized by having a side of 0.61 D, where D is the length between the vertices of two square ends angled at 90 ° (122) adjacent.
  • the distance length H is characterized by being greater than the length D, and where the length D can vary from 0.6 to 1.0 times the distance H.
  • the flat block (12) of the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system for protecting slopes (1T) has the following functions: conferring most of the weight to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11); dissipate the greatest amount of energy from the waves when they fall on the multifunctional concrete block system in the shape of a polypod (1).
  • the flat block (12) of the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion in river banks and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 Rrp), has the following functions: confer most of the weight to the concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11); and, considerably decrease the speed of the river current when passing over the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1).
  • Truncated square pyramids (123) are characterized by having a height of 0.305 H, a base of 0.305 H on the side, and an upper face of 0.20 H on the side.
  • the two truncated square pyramids (123) of the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes (1T) have the following functions: to be support on the slope, giving a low center of gravity to the polypod-shaped concrete block (1) when placed on the slope, which provides great stability against the onslaught of the waves; contribute to dissipate the energy of the waves when they fall on the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1); be supported by other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); and, promote locking with other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1).
  • the chamfered edges at 45 ° (11 A) are located at the junction of the planes of the front faces of the flat block (12F) with the planes of the lateral faces of the flat block (12L), and at the junction of the planes of two side faces of the truncated square pyramids (123L) adjacent.
  • the 45 ° (11 A) chamfered edges of the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes (1T) have the following functions: considerably reduce the turbulent flow of water that occurs when waves fall on each block of polypod-shaped concrete (11); and, to be a support point of each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) on the slope.
  • the chamfered edges at 45 ° (1 1 A) of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to prevent erosion on river banks' and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 R rp ), have the functions following: promote a laminar flow of the river that passes over each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11); and, be a foothold of each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (1) on the riverbank.
  • the polymeric coating (RP) covering the entire surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11), of the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R) and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains, is characterized by having in its composition recycled polymers, preferably polystyrenes.
  • the polymeric coating (RP) has the following functions: to increase the durability of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) in a marine environment; and, give neutral pH to the surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (1 1); providing a place where food chains can be started from their plant and animal population.
  • the mold (2) for making the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) is characterized by being composed of two metal walls (21) that join to form a cavity with the outer shape of the concrete-shaped concrete block. polypod (11) with an opening in its upper part that allows the emptying, vibrating and setting of the concrete; where these metal walls also allow an easy and safe demoulding of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11).

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multifunctional system of concrete blocks in polypod form, for protecting embankments, river banks and the like, and a mould for producing said concrete blocks in polypod form. The multifunctional system of concrete blocks in polypod form for protecting embankments is characterised in that it is arranged on embankments having various configurations and in that it provides high stability coefficients, according to the shape, weight and functions of each concrete block in polypod form. The multifunctional system of concrete blocks in polypod form for preventing erosion in river banks is also characterised in that it is formed by the same concrete blocks in polypod form of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in polypod form for protecting embankments, with specific functions. Both the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in polypod form for protecting embankments and the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in polypod form for preventing river bank erosion can have a polymer coating that covers the entire surface of each concrete block in polypod form. Said polymer coating has the following functions: to increase the durability of the concrete block in polypod form in a marine environment; and to give the surface of the concrete block in polypod form a neutral pH, providing a place where food chains can start from the plant and animal population thereof. This promotes the start of plant and animal food chains.

Description

SISTEMA MULTIFUNCIONAL DE BLOQUES DE CONCRETO DE MULTIFUNCTIONAL SYSTEM OF CONCRETE BLOCKS OF
FORMA DE POLÍPODOPOLYPOD FORM
CAMPO TÉCNICO DE LA INVENCIÓN TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención es referida ai campo técnico de los bloques preformados para aplicaciones de ingeniería hidráulica, específicamente es referida a un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo, para proteger taludes, riberas de ríos, y aplicaciones similares, y un molde para la elaboración de tales bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo. El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes es caracterizado por disponerse sobre taludes con diferentes configuraciones y dar coeficientes de estabilidad kd altos, donde la configuración preferida es la mono-capa. El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos, es caracterizado también por estar formado por los mismos bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes, con funciones específicas. The present invention relates to the technical field of preformed blocks for hydraulic engineering applications, specifically refers to a multifunctional system of concrete blocks of polypod shape, to protect slopes, riverbanks, and similar applications, and a mold for the elaboration of such concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod. The multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to protect slopes is characterized by being placed on slopes with different configurations and giving high k d stability coefficients, where the preferred configuration is the mono-layer. The multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks, is also characterized by being formed by the same polypod-shaped concrete blocks of the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to protect slopes. , with specific functions.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
La aparición de bloques preformados del tipo Polípodo, desde hace ya más de sesenta años, trató de resolver el problema de los bloques preformados usados masivamente. Se aumentó el coeficiente de estabilidad Kd al incluir formas que le permitieron trabarse mejor unos con otros, ya sea dispuesto en forma regular o al azar. El primer rompeolas más popular de este tipo en emplearse en el mundo fue el Tetrápodo (1950) debido a su mayor efectividad comparada con los existentes, como los Cubos. Luego aparecerían nuevos rompeolas tipo Polípodo, que trataron de mejorar su desempeño marino. Con todos ellos se pudieron integrar sistemas multifuncionales de bloques preformados tipo polípodo para proteger taludes marinos. Los bloques preformados de tipo Polípodo que han tenido mayor éxito a nivel mundial son los siguientes: el Accropode en 1979, según la patente española ES488536; el Accropode en 1989, según la patente francesa FR2647135; el AJacks, en 1991 , según la patente española ES2118773; el Accropode en 1995, según la patente francesa FR2734292; el Dolos en 1995, según la patente americana US5441362; el Ecopode en 1996, según la patente mexicana MX9703058; el Dolos en 1997, según la patente americana US5620280; el Accropode II, en 1999, según la patente española ES2190405; el Xbloc en 2002, según la patente mexicana MXPA05000975; el Core-Loc II en 2005, según la patente americana US7976763; el Cubipod en 2005, según la patente española ES2264906.; el A-Jacks en 2007, según la patente mexicana MX-2009009426; y, el Cubipod en 2007, según la patente mexicana MX2010002575. The appearance of preformed blocks of the Polypod type, for more than sixty years, tried to solve the problem of the preformed blocks used massively. The coefficient of stability Kd was increased by including forms that allowed it to work better with each other, either regularly or randomly. The first most popular breakwater of this type to be used in the world was the Tetrapod (1950) due to its greater effectiveness compared to existing ones, such as Cubes. Then new Polypod-type breakwaters would appear, which tried to improve their marine performance. With all of them, multifunctional systems of preformed polypod blocks could be integrated to protect marine slopes. The preformed Polypod-type blocks that have been most successful worldwide are the following: Accropode in 1979, according to Spanish patent ES488536; Accropode in 1989, according to French patent FR2647135; the AJacks, in 1991, according to the Spanish patent ES2118773; Accropode in 1995, according to French patent FR2734292; Dolos in 1995, according to US patent US5441362; the Ecopode in 1996, according to Mexican patent MX9703058; Dolos in 1997, according to US patent US5620280; Accropode II, in 1999, according to Spanish patent ES2190405; the Xbloc in 2002, according to Mexican patent MXPA05000975; Core-Loc II in 2005, according to US patent US7976763; Cubipod in 2005, according to Spanish patent ES2264906 .; the A-Jacks in 2007, according to Mexican patent MX-2009009426; and, the Cubipod in 2007, according to Mexican patent MX2010002575.
Los bloques preformados Accropode, Ecopode y de Acropode II, según las patente española ES488536 y ES2190405, francesas FR2647135 y FR2734292, y mexicana MX9703058, son polípodos de seis puntas o patas, compuesto por dos partes en forma de yunque unidos en una sección central, donde de cada yunque se desprenden dos puntas extremas, para formar una especie de "X", de la cual salen dos puntas en dirección normal del centro de sus caras frontales del bloque principal. Algunas de sus aristas son achafalandas a 45°. Su diseño se basa en que los vértices de sus puntas extremas y de sus poliedros centrales, están inscritos y coincidentes en los planos exteriores virtuales de un cubo, donde la longitud de su base "D" y la longitud de su altura "H" son iguales. Su desempeño alcanza valores altos del coeficiente de estabilidad, con valores que llegan a 16, para taludes de pendiente baja, pero que con el aumento con pendientes altas, su coeficiente de estabilidad disminuye drásticamente, a valores de 8 a 10. El Ecopode es una versión rugosa del Acropode y Acropode II, con base a la patente mexicana MX9703058 que hace referencia a la superficie rugosa de cualquier bloque preformado, a base de protuberancias y muescas; sin embargo, esta rugosidad no aporta ninguna ventaja en el coeficiente de estabilidad kd. Los bloques preformados Xbloc, según la patente mexicana MXPA05000975, también son un polípodo de seis puntas, con una disposición espacial similar a los bloques preformados Ecopode y Acropode II. Los bloques preformados Xbloc tienen en un mismo plano una "X" con cuatro puntas, que son más angostas que las de los bloques Ecopode y Acropode II. También tienen un poliedro cubico, dispuestos uno cada de modo normal en cada uno de las caras del plano de la "X". Todas las aristas de este bloque preformado tienen ángulos rectos. De igual forma que los bloques preformados Ecopode y Acropode II, sus dimensiones de base "D" y altura "H" son idénticas, es decir, están inscritos en un cubo virtual. Su desempeño es similar al alcanzado por los bloques preformados Acropode II, con la ventaja de que al emplear bloques preformados de igual D y H que los Acropode II, emplean un menor volumen de bloque preformado para alcanzar el mismo desempeño en coeficiente de estabilidad kd. Los bloques preformados A-Jacks, según las patentes española ES2118773 y la patente mexicana MX-2009009426, e información comercial de la propia empresa que comercializa estos bloques preformados, son aplicados preferentemente en la ribera de ríos, para prevenir su erosión, y en menor medida son aplicados para la protección de taludes. Su diseño también es de un polípodo de seis puntas, donde estas son idénticas, y las cuales parten de un núcleo poliédrico rectangular. De la misma forma que los anteriores, la longitud de su base "D" y su altura Ή" es idéntica, de forma tal que este bloque preformado puede inscribirse en un cubo virtual. Sus puntas son las más largas en comparación con las presentadas por los bloques Ecopode, Acropode II, y Xbloc. Sus patentes muestran que todas sus aristas son rectas. The preformed Accropode, Ecopode and Acropode II blocks, according to Spanish patent ES488536 and ES2190405, French FR2647135 and FR2734292, and Mexican MX9703058, are six-pointed or leg-shaped polypods, composed of two anvil-shaped parts joined in a central section, where from each anvil two extreme ends come off, to form a kind of "X", from which two points come out in the normal direction of the center of their front faces of the main block. Some of its edges are chamfering at 45 °. Its design is based on the vertices of its extreme points and its central polyhedra, are inscribed and coinciding in the virtual exterior planes of a cube, where the length of its base "D" and the length of its height "H" are same. Its performance reaches high values of the stability coefficient, with values that reach 16, for slopes of low slope, but that with the increase with high slopes, its stability coefficient decreases drastically, to values of 8 to 10. The Ecopode is a rough version of Acropode and Acropode II, based on Mexican patent MX9703058 that refers to the rough surface of any preformed block, based on bumps and notches; however, this roughness does not provide any advantage in the stability coefficient k d . The Xbloc preformed blocks, according to Mexican patent MXPA05000975, are also a six-pointed polypod, with a spatial arrangement similar to the preformed Ecopode and Acropode II blocks. The Xbloc preformed blocks have an "X" in the same plane with four points, which are narrower than those of the Ecopode and Acropode II blocks. They also have a cubic polyhedron, each one arranged normally on each of the faces of the "X" plane. All edges of this preformed block have right angles. In the same way as the preformed Ecopode and Acropode II blocks, their basic dimensions "D" and height "H" are identical, that is, they are inscribed in a virtual cube. Its performance is similar to that achieved by Acropode II preformed blocks, with the advantage that when using preformed blocks of equal D and H than Acropode II, they use a smaller volume of preformed block to achieve the same performance in stability coefficient k d . The preformed A-Jacks blocks, according to Spanish patents ES2118773 and Mexican patent MX-2009009426, and commercial information of the company that sells these preformed blocks, are preferably applied on the riverbank, to prevent erosion, and to a lesser extent measure are applied for slope protection. Its design is also a six-pointed polypod, where they are identical, and which start from a rectangular polyhedral core. In the same way as the previous ones, the length of its base "D" and its height Ή "is identical, so that this preformed block can be inscribed in a virtual cube. Its tips are the longest compared to those presented by the Ecopode, Acropode II, and Xbloc blocks. Their patents show that all their edges are straight.
Con base al análisis de los bloques preformados hasta ahora patentados y que han demostrado tener el mejor desempeño, se detecta la necesidad de mejorar el desempeño de este tipo de bloques preformados tipo polípodo. El problema principal que se detecta es que aún no se ha diseñado ni desarrollado ningún bloque preformado que alcance coeficientes de estabilidad kd altos y los mantenga relativamente altos al incrementar la pendiente de los taludes que protegen, sin incrementar el peso de los mismos. Y por otro lado, se detecta la necesidad de mejorar la eficiencia al aplicarse sobre riberas de ríos para prevenir y controlar mejor la erosión que sufren por el paso de corrientes de ríos, con alta velocidad y con flujo turbulento. La presente invención resuelve estos problemas, al diseñar, desarrollar y producir un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo, para proteger taludes, riberas de ríos, y aplicaciones similares, y un molde para la elaboración de tales bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo, con diferencias notables en desempeño. ¡ Por ejemplo se logró alcanzar valores de coeficientes de estabilidad Ka mayores que los mejores bloques preformados hasta ahora patentados y existentes en el mercado mundial. Su diseño se basó en incrementar la relación de altura "H" con la base "D", lo que rompe una inercia de más de treinta años, de desarrollar bloqués preformados donde "H" y "D" idénticas. Esto hace que el ángulo de apoyo se reduzca, lo que baja el centro de gravedad del bloque preformado, y le da un incremento significativo en su coeficiente de estabilidad Kd y a mantenerlo al incrementar la pendiente del talud. Además, sus aristas achaflanadas a 45° contribuyen significativamente a mantener su alto desempeño. Sus proporciones geométricas permiten emplear un menor volumen de concreto que bloques preformados con desempeños similares. Based on the analysis of the preformed blocks hitherto patented and which have shown to have the best performance, the need to improve the performance of this type of preformed polypod type blocks is detected. The main problem that is detected is that no preformed block has yet been designed or developed that reaches high k d stability coefficients and keeps them relatively high as the slope of the slopes increases. they protect, without increasing their weight. And on the other hand, the need to improve efficiency is detected when applied on river banks to prevent and better control the erosion they suffer from the passage of river currents, with high speed and turbulent flow. The present invention solves these problems, by designing, developing and producing a multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod, to protect slopes, riverbanks, and similar applications, and a mold for the preparation of such concrete blocks in shape. of polypod, with notable differences in performance. For example, it was possible to achieve values of stability coefficients Ka greater than the best preformed blocks hitherto patented and existing in the world market. Its design was based on increasing the height ratio "H" with the base "D", which breaks an inertia of more than thirty years, to develop preformed blocks where "H" and "D" are identical. This causes the support angle to be reduced, which lowers the center of gravity of the preformed block, and gives it a significant increase in its stability coefficient K d and to maintain it by increasing the slope of the slope. In addition, its 45 ° chamfered edges contribute significantly to maintaining its high performance. Its geometric proportions allow a smaller volume of concrete to be used than preformed blocks with similar performances.
También se desarrollaron dos sistemas multifuncionales de bloques de concreto de tipo polípodo, uno para la protección de taludes, y otro para la protección de riberas de ríos, con superficies cubiertas por un recubrimiento polimérico. Esto hace que el pH de esta superficie sea neutro, lo que promueve que especies marinas sean depositadas y se inicien cadenas alimenticias, lo que ayuda a la restauración del medio marino. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN Two multifunctional systems of polypod-type concrete blocks were also developed, one for the protection of slopes, and another for the protection of river banks, with surfaces covered by a polymeric coating. This makes the pH of this surface neutral, which promotes that marine species are deposited and food chains are initiated, which helps the restoration of the marine environment. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención está relacionada con un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 ), para proteger taludes, riberas de ríos, y aplicaciones similares, y un molde (2) para la elaboración de tales bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1 ). The present invention relates to a multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1), to protect slopes, riverbanks, and similar applications, and a mold (2) for the production of such concrete blocks in the form of polypod (1 1).
El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T) es caracterizado por disponerse sobre taludes con diferentes configuraciones y dar coeficientes de estabilidad kd altos, donde la configuración preferida es la mono-capa. Los valores altos de coeficiente de estabilidad kdson alcanzados por la forma, peso y funciones de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11). En la Tabla 1 se describe ejemplos del desempeño del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 ), en pruebas realizadas en laboratorio. The multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to protect slopes (1T) is characterized by being placed on slopes with different configurations and giving high k d stability coefficients, where the preferred configuration is the mono-layer. High values of stability coefficient k d are achieved by the shape, weight and functions of each concrete block of polypod shape (11). Table 1 describes examples of the performance of the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1), in laboratory tests.
Tabla 1. Ejemplos de desempeño del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo. Table 1. Examples of performance of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks of polypod shape.
Volumen Coeficiente de Tamaño Pendiente  Volume Coefficient of Pending Size
(m3) Estabilidad de la ola del Talud (m 3 ) Stability of the slope wave
(m) (base : altura) (m) (base: height)
2.37 18 5 2.00 : 1 2.37 18 5 2.00: 1
3.34 17 5 1.50 : 1  3.34 17 5 1.50: 1
4.01 16 5 1.33 : 1  4.01 16 5 1.33: 1
El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos (1 R), es caracterizado también por estar formado por los mismos bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T), con funciones específicas. The multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R), is also characterized by being formed by the same polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1 1) of the multifunctional block system of Polypod shaped concrete to protect slopes (1T), with specific functions.
Tanto el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto dé forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T) como el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos (1 R), pueden tener un recubrimiento polimérico (RP) que cubre toda la superficie (S) de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1 ). Este recubrimiento polimérico (RP) tiene las siguientes funciones: aumentar la durabilidad del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) en un ambiente marino; y, dar pH neutro a la superficie (S) del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); proveyendo un lugar donde puedan iniciarse cadenas alimenticias a partir de su población vegetal y animal. Esto propicia la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales. Por lo tanto se han desarrollado dos sistemas multifuncionales de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1) más, a saber un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1Trp) y un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1 Rrp), con funciones comunes y específicas. Both the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the form of a polypod to protect slopes (1T) and the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the form of polypod to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R), can have a polymeric coating (RP ) covering the entire surface (S) of each polypod-shaped concrete block (1 1). This coating Polymeric (RP) has the following functions: increase the durability of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) in a marine environment; and, give neutral pH to the surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11); providing a place where food chains can be started from their plant and animal population. This favors the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains. Therefore, two more multifunctional systems of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1) have been developed, namely a multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to protect slopes and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1T rp ) and a multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 R rp ), with common and specific functions.
Cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) es caracterizado por estar compuesto por las siguientes partes funcionales: un bloque plano (12), dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) y aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11 A). Each polypod-shaped concrete block (11) is characterized by being composed of the following functional parts: a flat block (12), two truncated square pyramids (123) and 45 ° chamfered edges (11 A).
El bloque plano (12) está compuesto por un bloque cuadrado (121) y cuatro puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122), que parten de cada esquina del bloque cuadrado (121 E). El bloque plano (12) es caracterizado porque tiene un espesor de 0.39 H, donde H es la longitud que existe entre los planos formados por la cara superior de pirámide cuadrada truncada (123S). The flat block (12) is composed of a square block (121) and four square ends ending at an angle of 90 ° (122), which start from each corner of the square block (121 E). The flat block (12) is characterized in that it has a thickness of 0.39 H, where H is the length that exists between the planes formed by the upper side of the truncated square pyramid (123S).
El bloque cuadrado (121) es caracterizado por tener un lado de 0.61 D, donde D es la longitud entre los vértices de dos puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122) contiguas. The square block (121) is characterized by having a side of 0.61 D, where D is the length between the vertices of two square ends angled at 90 ° (122) adjacent.
La longitud H es caracterizada por ser mayor que la longitud D, y donde la longitud D puede variar de 0.6 a 1.0 veces la distancia H. The length H is characterized by being greater than the length D, and where the length D can vary from 0.6 to 1.0 times the distance H.
El bloque plano (12) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T) y del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1Trp), tiene las funciones siguientes: conferir la mayor parte del peso al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); disipar la mayor cantidad de energía de las olas cuando estas caen sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1). The flat block (12) of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks of polypod shape to protect slopes (1T) and of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks form polípodo slopes to protect and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1T rp) has the following functions: confer most of the weight concrete block form polípodo (11); dissipate the greatest amount of energy from the waves when they fall on the multifunctional concrete block system in the shape of a polypod (1).
El bloque plano (12) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos (1 R) y del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1 Rrp), tiene las funciones siguientes: conferir la mayor parte del peso al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); y, disminuir considerablemente la velocidad de la corriente del río al pasar sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1). Las dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123), que forman también parte integral del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11), están dispuestas en las caras frontales del bloque cuadrado (121 F). Las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) son caracterizadas por tener una altura de 0.305 H, una base de 0.305 H de lado, y una cara superior de 0.20 H de lado. Las dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T) y del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1Trp) tienen las funciones siguientes: ser apoyo sobre el talud, dando un centro de gravedad bajo al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) al ser colocado sobre el talud, lo que le provee gran estabilidad ante el embate de las olas; contribuir a disipar la energía de las olas cuando estas caen sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); ser apoyo de otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); y, promover el trabado con otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 ). The flat block (12) of the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R) and the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks and propitiate the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 Rrp), has the following functions: to confer most of the weight to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11); and, considerably reduce the speed of the river current when passing over the multifunctional system of concrete blocks shaped like a polypod (1). The two truncated square pyramids (123), which also form an integral part of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11), are arranged on the front faces of the square block (121 F). Truncated square pyramids (123) are characterized by having a height of 0.305 H, a base of 0.305 H on the side, and an upper face of 0.20 H on the side. The two truncated square pyramids (123) of the multifunctional polyblock-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes (1T) and the multifunctional polypod-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1T rp ) have the following functions: to be support on the slope, giving a low center of gravity to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) when placed on the slope, which provides great stability in the face of the onslaught of waves; contribute to dissipate the energy of the waves when they fall on the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1); be supported by other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); and, promote locking with other concrete blocks in the form of contiguous polypod (1 1), and be able to form the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1).
Las dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos (1 R) y del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1 Rrp), tienen las funciones siguientes: ser apoyo sobre la ribera del río, dando un centro de gravedad bajo al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) al ser colocado sobre la ribera del río, lo que le provee gran estabilidad ante el paso del flujo de agua del río sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); contribuir a disminuir la velocidad de la corriente del río al pasar sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 ); ser apoyo de otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); y, promover el trabado con otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 ). The two truncated square pyramids (123) of the multifunctional polyblock-shaped concrete block system to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R) and the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system to prevent erosion on riverbank of rivers and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 R rp ), have the following functions: to be support on the riverbank, giving a center of gravity under the concrete block of polypod shape (11) when placed on the river bank, which provides great stability to the passage of the river's water flow over the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); contribute to decrease the speed of the river current by passing over the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1); be supported by other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); and, promote locking with other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1).
Las aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11A) están localizadas en la unión de los planos de las cara frontal del bloque plano (12F) con los planos de las caras laterales del bloque plano (12L), y en la unión de los planos de dos caras laterales de las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123L) contiguas. Chamfered edges at 45 ° (11A) are located at the junction of the planes of the front faces of the flat block (12F) with the planes of the lateral faces of the flat block (12L), and at the junction of the two planes Side faces of the truncated square pyramids (123L) adjoining.
Las aristas achaflanadas a 45° (1 1A) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T) y del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1Trp) tienen las funciones siguientes: reducir considerablemente el flujo- turbulento del agua que se da al caer las olas sobre cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1); y, ser punto de apoyo de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) sobre el talud. Las aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11 A) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos (1 R) y del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1 Rrp), tienen las funciones siguientes: promover un flujo laminar del río que pasa sobre cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); y, ser punto de apoyo de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) sobre la ribera del río. The 45 ° (1 1A) chamfered edges of the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes (1T) and the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes and encourage the initiation of vegetable food chains and animals (1T rp ) have the following functions: considerably reduce the turbulent flow of water that occurs when the waves fall on each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (1 1); and, to be a support point of each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) on the slope. The chamfered edges at 45 ° (11 A) of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R) and the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to prevent erosion in river banks and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 Rr p ), have the following functions: to promote a laminar flow of the river that passes over each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11); and, to be a support point for each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) on the riverbank.
El recubrimiento polimérico (RP) que cubre toda la superficie (S) del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11 ), del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos (1 R) y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales, es caracterizado por tener en su composición polímeros reciclados, preferentemente poliestirenos. El recubrimiento polimérico (RP) tiene las siguientes funciones: aumentar la durabilidad del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) en un ambiente marino; y, dar pH neutro a la superficie (S) del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1); proveyendo un lugar donde puedan iniciarse cadenas alimenticias a partir de su población vegetal y animal. The polymeric coating (RP) covering the entire surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11), of the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R) and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains, is characterized by having in its composition recycled polymers, preferably polystyrenes. The polymeric coating (RP) has the following functions: to increase the durability of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) in a marine environment; and, give neutral pH to the surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (1 1); providing a place where food chains can be started from their plant and animal population.
Finalmente, el molde (2) para elaborar el bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) es caracterizado por estar compuesto por dos paredes metálicas (21) que se unen para formar una cavidad con la forma exterior del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) con una abertura en su parte superior que permite el vaciado, vibrado y fraguado del concreto; donde estas paredes metálicas también permiten un desmolde fácil y seguro del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11 ). Finally, the mold (2) for making the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) is characterized by being composed of two metal walls (21) that join to form a cavity with the outer shape of the concrete-shaped concrete block. polypod (11) with an opening in its upper part that allows the emptying, vibrating and setting of the concrete; where these metal walls also allow an easy and safe demoulding of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11).
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Las siguientes figuras ilustran la realización preferida de la presente invención, incorporan parte de las especificaciones, y junto con la descripción, sirven para explicar sus principios de operación. La Figura 1 muestra un bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11), sus dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123), su bloque cuadrado (121), sus cuatro puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122), y sus aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11A); la Figura 2 corresponde a un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1), en sus múltiples funciones: un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T), un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos (1 R), un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1Trp) y a un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1 Rrp); la Figura 3 muestra como un bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) se apoya sobre el talud o ribera de río sobre una de sus pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123), observándose además sus puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122), y sus aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11A); la Figura 4 corresponde a la vista superior de un bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11 ), donde se observan el bloque plano (12) compuesto por un bloque cuadrado (121 ), con sus esquinas del bloque cuadrado (121 E) y caras frontales del bloque cuadrado (121 F); las caras laterales de las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123L) y la cara superior de pirámide cuadrada truncada (123S); además se marca la longitud de la distancia D; la Figura 5, muestra una vista lateral de un bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11), donde se observan las puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122), y las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) con sus caras laterales de las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123L) y sus caras superiores de pirámide cuadrada truncada (123S); además se muestra la superficie S y el recubrimiento polimérico RP, así como la altura H del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); la Figura 6, corresponde a una vista isométrica del molde (2) armado, y las dos paredes metálicas (21) que lo integran; y, la Figura 7 muestra la vista de una pared metálica (21). The following figures illustrate the preferred embodiment of the present invention, incorporate part of the specifications, and together with the description, serve to explain its operating principles. Figure 1 shows a concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11), its two square truncated pyramids (123), its square block (121), its four square ends angled at 90 ° (122), and its edges chamfered at 45 ° (11A); Figure 2 corresponds to a multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1), in its multiple functions: a multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to protect slopes (1T), a multifunctional system of concrete blocks with a polypod shape to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R), a multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to protect slopes and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1T rp ) and a multifunctional system of Polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks and encourage the initiation of plant and animal food chains (1 Rrp); Figure 3 shows how a concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) rests on the slope or riverbank on one of its truncated square pyramids (123), also observing its square ends angled at 90 ° (122) ), and its edges chamfered at 45 ° (11A); Figure 4 corresponds to the top view of a polypod-shaped concrete block (11), where the flat block (12) composed of a square block (121), with its corners of the square block (121 E) and front faces of the square block (121 F); the side faces of the truncated square pyramids (123L) and the upper side of the truncated square pyramid (123S); the length of distance D is also marked; Figure 5 shows a side view of a polypod-shaped concrete block (11), where the square ends finished at 90 ° angle (122) are observed, and the truncated square pyramids (123) with their side faces of the truncated square pyramids (123L) and their upper faces of truncated square pyramid (123S); in addition, the surface S and the polymeric coating RP are shown, as well as the height H of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11); Figure 6 corresponds to an isometric view of the reinforced mold (2), and the two metal walls (21) that comprise it; and, Figure 7 shows the view of a metal wall (21).
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA REALIZACIÓN PREFERIDA DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
La realización preferida de la presente invención consiste de un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T), un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1 Rrp), y de un molde (2) para la elaboración de tales bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1). The preferred embodiment of the present invention consists of a multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to protect slopes (1T), a multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks and promote initiation. of vegetable and animal food chains (1 R rp ), and of a mold (2) for the elaboration of such concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1).
El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T) es caracterizado por disponerse sobre taludes en una configuración mono-capa y dar coeficientes de estabilidad kd con un valor de 18 para un talud de pendiente de 2: 1 , un valor de 17 para un talud de pendiente de 1.5:1 y un valor de 16 para un talud de pendiente de 1.33:1 , donde estos valores dependen de la altura de la ola. Los valores altos de coeficiente de estabilidad kd son alcanzados por la forma, peso y funciones de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11). The multifunctional system of concrete blocks of polypod shape to protect slopes (1T) is characterized by being placed on slopes in a mono-layer configuration and giving stability coefficients k d with a value of 18 for a slope slope of 2: 1 , a value of 17 for a slope slope of 1.5: 1 and a value of 16 for a slope slope of 1.33: 1, where these values depend on the height of the wave. High values of stability coefficient k d are achieved by the shape, weight and functions of each concrete block of polypod shape (11).
El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1 Rrp), es caracterizado también por estar formado por los mismos bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T), sin embargo, algunas de sus funciones son específicas. Cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1) es caracterizado por estar compuesto por las siguientes partes funcionales: un bloque plano (12), dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) y aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11 A). The multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks and promote the initiation of chains plant and animal food (1 R rp ), it is also characterized by being formed by the same polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11) of the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to protect slopes (1T), however, Some of its functions are specific. Each polypod-shaped concrete block (1 1) is characterized by being composed of the following functional parts: a flat block (12), two truncated square pyramids (123) and 45 ° chamfered edges (11 A).
El bloque plano (12) está compuesto por un bloque cuadrado (121) y cuatro puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122), que parten de cada esquina del bloque cuadrado (121 E). The flat block (12) is composed of a square block (121) and four square ends ending at an angle of 90 ° (122), which start from each corner of the square block (121 E).
El bloque plano (12) es caracterizado porque tiene un espesor de 0.39 H, donde H es la longitud que existe entre los planos formados por la cara superior pirámide cuadrada truncada (123S). The flat block (12) is characterized in that it has a thickness of 0.39 H, where H is the length that exists between the planes formed by the upper truncated square pyramid face (123S).
El bloque cuadrado (121) es caracterizado por tener un lado de 0.61 D, donde D es la longitud entre los vértices de dos puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122) contiguas. The square block (121) is characterized by having a side of 0.61 D, where D is the length between the vertices of two square ends angled at 90 ° (122) adjacent.
La distancia longitud H es caracterizada por ser mayor que la longitud D, y donde la longitud D puede variar de 0.6 a 1.0 veces la distancia H. The distance length H is characterized by being greater than the length D, and where the length D can vary from 0.6 to 1.0 times the distance H.
El bloque plano (12) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T) tiene las funciones siguientes: conferir la mayor parte del peso al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); disipar la mayor cantidad de energía de las olas cuando estas caen sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1). The flat block (12) of the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system for protecting slopes (1T) has the following functions: conferring most of the weight to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11); dissipate the greatest amount of energy from the waves when they fall on the multifunctional concrete block system in the shape of a polypod (1).
El bloque plano (12) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1 Rrp), tiene las funciones siguientes: conferir la mayor parte del peso al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); y, disminuir considerablemente la velocidad de la corriente del río al pasar sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1). The flat block (12) of the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion in river banks and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 Rrp), has the following functions: confer most of the weight to the concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11); and, considerably decrease the speed of the river current when passing over the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1).
Las dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123), que forman también parte integral del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 ), están dispuestas en las caras frontales del bloque cuadrado (121 F). Las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) son caracterizadas por tener una altura de 0.305 H, una base de 0.305 H de lado, y una cara superior de 0.20 H de lado. The two truncated square pyramids (123), which also form an integral part of the polypod-shaped concrete block (1), are arranged on the front faces of the square block (121 F). Truncated square pyramids (123) are characterized by having a height of 0.305 H, a base of 0.305 H on the side, and an upper face of 0.20 H on the side.
Las dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T) tienen las funciones siguientes: ser apoyo sobre el talud, dando un centro de gravedad bajo al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1) al ser colocado sobre el talud, lo que le provee gran estabilidad ante el embate de las olas; contribuir a disipar la energía de las olas cuando estas caen sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); ser apoyo de otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); y, promover el trabado con otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1). Las dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1 Rrp), tienen las funciones siguientes: ser apoyo sobre la ribera del río, dando un centro de gravedad bajo al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) al ser colocado sobre la ribera del río, lo que le provee gran estabilidad ante el paso del flujo de agua del río sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); contribuir a disminuir la velocidad de la corriente del río al pasar sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); ser apoyo de otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); y, promover el trabado con otros bloqués de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1). The two truncated square pyramids (123) of the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes (1T) have the following functions: to be support on the slope, giving a low center of gravity to the polypod-shaped concrete block (1) when placed on the slope, which provides great stability against the onslaught of the waves; contribute to dissipate the energy of the waves when they fall on the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1); be supported by other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); and, promote locking with other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1). The two truncated square pyramids (123) of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to prevent erosion on river banks and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 R rp ), have the following functions: to be supportive on the river bank, giving a low center of gravity to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) when placed on the river bank, which provides great stability to the passage of river water flow over the system multifunctional concrete block of polypod shape (1); contribute to decrease the speed of the river current by passing over the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1); be supported by other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); and, promote the lock with other blocks of adjoining polypod-shaped concrete (11), and being able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1).
Las aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11 A) están localizadas en la unión de los planos de las cara frontal del bloque plano (12F) con los planos de las caras laterales del bloque plano (12L), y en la unión de los planos de dos caras laterales de las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123L) contiguas. The chamfered edges at 45 ° (11 A) are located at the junction of the planes of the front faces of the flat block (12F) with the planes of the lateral faces of the flat block (12L), and at the junction of the planes of two side faces of the truncated square pyramids (123L) adjacent.
Las aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11 A) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T) tienen las funciones siguientes: reducir considerablemente el flujo turbulento del agua que se da al caer las olas sobre cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); y, ser punto de apoyo de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) sobre el talud. The 45 ° (11 A) chamfered edges of the multi-functional polypod-shaped concrete block system to protect slopes (1T) have the following functions: considerably reduce the turbulent flow of water that occurs when waves fall on each block of polypod-shaped concrete (11); and, to be a support point of each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) on the slope.
Las aristas achaflanadas a 45° (1 1 A) del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos' y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1 Rrp), tienen las funciones siguientes: promover un flujo laminar del río que pasa sobre cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11 ); y, ser punto de apoyo de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1) sobre la ribera del río. El recubrimiento polimérico (RP) que cubre toda la superficie (S) del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11), del sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos (1 R) y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales, es caracterizado por tener en su composición polímeros reciclados, preferentemente poliestirenos. El recubrimiento polimérico (RP) tiene las siguientes funciones: aumentar la durabilidad del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) en un ambiente marino; y, dar pH neutro a la superficie (S) del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1); proveyendo un lugar donde puedan iniciarse cadenas alimenticias a partir de su población vegetal y animal. Finalmente, el molde (2) para elaborar el bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) es caracterizado por estar compuesto por dos paredes metálicas (21) que se unen para formar una cavidad con la forma exterior del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) con una abertura en su parte superior que permite el vaciado, vibrado y fraguado del concreto; donde estas paredes metálicas también permiten un desmolde fácil y seguro del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11 ). The chamfered edges at 45 ° (1 1 A) of the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod to prevent erosion on river banks' and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 R rp ), have the functions following: promote a laminar flow of the river that passes over each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11); and, be a foothold of each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (1) on the riverbank. The polymeric coating (RP) covering the entire surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11), of the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R) and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains, is characterized by having in its composition recycled polymers, preferably polystyrenes. The polymeric coating (RP) has the following functions: to increase the durability of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) in a marine environment; and, give neutral pH to the surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (1 1); providing a place where food chains can be started from their plant and animal population. Finally, the mold (2) for making the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) is characterized by being composed of two metal walls (21) that join to form a cavity with the outer shape of the concrete-shaped concrete block. polypod (11) with an opening in its upper part that allows the emptying, vibrating and setting of the concrete; where these metal walls also allow an easy and safe demoulding of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11).

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes (1T), y aplicaciones similares, es caracterizado por desarrollar coeficientes de estabilidad kd altos, y mantenerse así, aunque la pendiente del talud aumente; donde los valores altos de coeficiente de estabilidad kd son alcanzados por la forma, peso y funciones de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); donde cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1) es caracterizado por estar compuesto por las siguientes partes funcionales: 1. A multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to protect slopes (1T), and similar applications, is characterized by developing high stability coefficients k d , and thus maintaining, although the slope of the slope increases; where the high values of stability coefficient k d are achieved by the shape, weight and functions of each concrete block of polypod shape (11); where each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (1 1) is characterized by being composed of the following functional parts:
a. un bloque plano (12) compuesto por un bloque cuadrado (121) y cuatro puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122), que parten de cada esquina del bloque cuadrado (121 E); donde este bloque plano (12) tiene las siguientes funciones:  to. a flat block (12) composed of a square block (121) and four square ends terminated at an angle at 90 ° (122), which start from each corner of the square block (121 E); where this flat block (12) has the following functions:
i. conferir la mayor parte del peso al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); y,  i. confer most of the weight to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11); Y,
ii. disipar la mayor cantidad de energía de las olas cuando estas caen sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1);  ii. dissipate the greatest amount of energy from the waves when they fall on the multifunctional concrete block system in the shape of a polypod (1);
b. dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) que forman también parte integral del bloque de concreto de1 forma de polípodo (11), están dispuestas en las caras frontales del bloque cuadrado (121 F); donde estas pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) tienen las siguientes funciones: b. two truncated square pyramids (123) which also form an integral part of the concrete block of 1 polypod shape (11), are arranged on the front faces of the square block (121 F); where these truncated square pyramids (123) have the following functions:
i. ser apoyo sobre el talud, dando un centro de gravedad bajo al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) al ser colocado sobre el talud, lo que le provee gran estabilidad ante el embate de las olas;  i. to be support on the slope, giving a low center of gravity to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) when placed on the slope, which provides great stability in the face of the waves;
ii. contribuir a disipar la energía de las olas cuando estas caen sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); iii. ser apoyo de otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); y, iv. promover el trabado con otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodoii. contribute to dissipate the energy of the waves when they fall on the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1); iii. be supported by other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); and iv. promote locking with other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks
(D; (D;
c. aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11 A) están localizadas en la unión de los planos de las cara frontal del bloque plano (12F) con los planos de las caras laterales del bloque plano (12L), y en la unión de los planos de dos caras laterales de las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123L) contiguas; donde estas aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11 A), tienen las siguientes funciones:  C. chamfered edges at 45 ° (11 A) are located at the junction of the planes of the front faces of the flat block (12F) with the planes of the side faces of the flat block (12L), and at the junction of the planes of two side faces of the truncated square pyramids (123L) adjoining; where these edges chamfered at 45 ° (11 A), have the following functions:
i. reducir considerablemente el flujo turbulento del agua que se da al caer las olas sobre cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); y,  i. considerably reduce the turbulent flow of water that occurs when the waves fall on each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11); Y,
ii. ser punto de apoyo de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) sobre el talud.  ii. be the support point of each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) on the slope.
2. Un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para proteger taludes y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1Trp), y aplicaciones similares, es caracterizado por desarrollar coeficientes de estabilidad kd altos, y mantenerse así, aunque la pendiente del talud aumente, y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales; donde los valores altos de coeficiente de estabilidad kd son alcanzados por la forma, peso y funciones de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); donde cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) es caracterizado por estar compuesto por las siguientes partes funcionales: 2. A multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to protect slopes and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1T rp ), and similar applications, is characterized by developing high k d stability coefficients, and thus maintaining, although the slope of the slope increases, and propitiate the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains; where the high values of stability coefficient k d are achieved by the shape, weight and functions of each concrete block of polypod shape (11); where each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) is characterized by being composed of the following functional parts:
a. un bloque plano (12) compuesto por un bloque cuadrado (121) y cuatro puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122), que parten de cada esquina del bloque cuadrado (121 E); donde este bloque plano (12) tiene las siguientes funciones: i. conferir la mayor parte del peso al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); to. a flat block (12) composed of a square block (121) and four square ends terminated at an angle at 90 ° (122), which start from each corner of the square block (121 E); where this flat block (12) has the following functions: i. confer most of the weight to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11);
ii. disipar la mayor cantidad de energía de las olas cuando estas caen sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1);  ii. dissipate the greatest amount of energy from the waves when they fall on the multifunctional concrete block system in the shape of a polypod (1);
dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) que forman también parte integral del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11), dispuesta cada pirámide cuadrada truncada (123) en las caras frontales del bloque cuadrado (121 F); donde estas pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) tienen las siguientes funciones: two truncated square pyramids (123) that also form an integral part of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11), each truncated square pyramid (123) arranged on the front faces of the square block (121 F); where these truncated square pyramids (123) have the following functions:
i. ser apoyo sobre el talud, dando un centro de gravedad bajo al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) al ser colocado sobre el talud,- lo que le provee gran estabilidad ante el embate de las olas;  i. be support on the slope, giving a low center of gravity to the concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) when placed on the slope, - which provides great stability against the onslaught of the waves;
¡i. contribuir a disipar la energía de las olas cuando estas caen sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1);  I. contribute to dissipate the energy of the waves when they fall on the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1);
iii. ser apoyo de otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); y,  iii. be supported by other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1 1), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); Y,
iv. promover el trabado con otros bloques de concreto de forman de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo d);  iv. promote the interlocking with other adjoining polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and to be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks d);
aristas achaflanadas a 45° (1 1A) están localizadas en la unión de los planos de las cara frontal del bloque plano (12F) con los planos de las caras laterales del bloque plano (12L), y en la unión de los planos de dos caras laterales de las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123L) contiguas; donde estas aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11 A), tiene la siguiente función: chamfered edges at 45 ° (1 1A) are located at the junction of the planes of the front faces of the flat block (12F) with the planes of the side faces of the flat block (12L), and at the junction of the planes of two side faces of the truncated square pyramids (123L) adjoining; where these edges chamfered at 45 ° (11 A), it has the following function:
i. reducir considerablemente el flujo turbulento del agua que se da al caer las olas sobre cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); y, ii. ser punto de apoyo de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1 ) sobre el talud. i. considerably reduce the turbulent flow of water that occurs when the waves fall on each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11); Y, ii. be the fulcrum of each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (1 1) on the slope.
d. un recubrimiento polimérico (RP) que cubre toda la superficie (S) del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11), que tienen las siguientes funciones:  d. a polymeric coating (RP) covering the entire surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11), which have the following functions:
iii. aumentar la durabilidad del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) en un ambiente marino; y,  iii. increase the durability of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) in a marine environment; Y,
iv. dar pH neutro a la superficie (S) del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); proveyendo un lugar donde puedan iniciarse cadenas alimenticias a partir de su población vegetal y animal.  iv. give neutral pH to the surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11); providing a place where food chains can be started from their plant and animal population.
Un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos (1 R) es caracterizado por estar formado por bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1); donde cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) es caracterizado por estar compuesto por las siguientes partes funcionales: A multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks (1 R) is characterized by being formed by a polypod-shaped concrete block (1 1); where each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) is characterized by being composed of the following functional parts:
a. un bloque plano (12) compuesto por un bloque cuadrado (121) y cuatro puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122), que parten de cada esquina del bloque cuadrado (121 E); donde este bloque plano (12) tiene las siguientes funciones:  to. a flat block (12) composed of a square block (121) and four square ends terminated at an angle at 90 ° (122), which start from each corner of the square block (121 E); where this flat block (12) has the following functions:
i. conferir la mayor parte del peso al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11);  i. confer most of the weight to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11);
ii. disminuir considerablemente la velocidad de la corriente del río al pasar sobre el sistema multifuncional .de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11);  ii. considerably reduce the speed of the river current when passing over the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (11);
b. dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) que forman también parte integral del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11), dispuesta cada pirámide cuadrada truncada (123) en las caras frontales del bloque cuadrado (121 F); donde estas pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) tienen las siguientes funciones:  b. two truncated square pyramids (123) that also form an integral part of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11), each truncated square pyramid (123) arranged on the front faces of the square block (121 F); where these truncated square pyramids (123) have the following functions:
i. ser apoyo sobre la ribera del río, dando un centro de gravedad bajo al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) al ser colocado sobre la ribera del río, lo que le provee gran estabilidad ante el paso del flujo de agua del río sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); i. be support on the riverbank, giving a low center of gravity to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) to be placed on the river bank, which provides great stability to the passage of the river's water flow over the multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1);
ii. contribuir a disminuir la velocidad de la corriente del río al pasar sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1);  ii. contribute to decrease the speed of the river current by passing over the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1);
¡ii. ser apoyo de otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 ); y, iv. promover el trabado con otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo Ii. be supported by other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); and iv. promote locking with other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks
(1); (one);
c. aristas achaflanadas a 45° (1 A) están localizadas en la unión de los planos de las cara frontal del bloque plano (12F) con los planos de las caras laterales del bloque plano (12L), y en la unión de los planos de dos caras laterales de las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123L) contiguas; donde estas aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11 A), tienen las siguientes funciones:  C. chamfered edges at 45 ° (1 A) are located at the junction of the planes of the front faces of the flat block (12F) with the planes of the lateral faces of the flat block (12L), and at the junction of the planes of two side faces of the truncated square pyramids (123L) adjoining; where these edges chamfered at 45 ° (11 A), have the following functions:
i. promover un flujo laminar del río que pasa sobre cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 ); y,  i. promote a laminar flow of the river that passes over each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (1); Y,
ii. ser punto de apoyo de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) sobre la ribera del río.  ii. be a support point for each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) on the riverbank.
Un sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo para evitar la erosión en riberas de ríos y propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales (1 Rrp), es caracterizado por estar formado por bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) y por propiciar la iniciación de cadenas alimenticias vegetales y animales; donde cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11 ) es caracterizado por estar compuesto por las siguientes partes funcionales: a. un bloque plano (12) compuesto por un bloque cuadrado (121) y cuatro puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122), que parten de cada esquina del bloque cuadrado (121 E); donde este bloque plano (12) tiene las siguientes funciones: A multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks to prevent erosion on river banks and promote the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains (1 R rp ), is characterized by being formed by a polypod-shaped concrete block (11 ) and for promoting the initiation of vegetable and animal food chains; where each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11) is characterized by being composed of the following functional parts: to. a flat block (12) composed of a square block (121) and four square ends terminated at an angle at 90 ° (122), which start from each corner of the square block (121 E); where this flat block (12) has the following functions:
i. conferir la mayor parte del peso al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); y,  i. confer most of the weight to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11); Y,
ii. disminuir considerablemente la velocidad de la corriente del río al pasar sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo ( );  ii. considerably reduce the speed of the river current when passing over the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod ();
b. dos pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) que forman también parte integral del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11), dispuesta cada pirámide cuadrada truncada (123) en las caras frontales del bloque cuadrado (121 F); donde estas pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) tienen las siguientes funciones: b. two truncated square pyramids (123) that also form an integral part of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11), each truncated square pyramid (123) arranged on the front faces of the square block (121 F); where these truncated square pyramids (123) have the following functions:
i. ser apoyo sobre la ribera del río, dando un centro de gravedad bajo al bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) al ser colocado sobre la ribera del río, lo que le provee gran estabilidad ante el paso del flujo de agua del río sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1);  i. be support on the river bank, giving a low center of gravity to the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) when placed on the river bank, which provides great stability to the passage of the river's water flow over the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1);
ii. contribuir a disminuir la velocidad de la corriente del río al pasar sobre el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1);  ii. contribute to decrease the speed of the river current by passing over the multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1);
iii. ser apoyo de otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1); y,  iii. be supported by other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1 1), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1); Y,
iv. promover el trabado con otros bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) contiguos, y poder formar el sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo iv. promote locking with other adjacent polypod-shaped concrete blocks (11), and be able to form the multi-functional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks
(D; (D;
c. aristas achaflanadas a 45° ( 1A) están localizadas en la unión de los planos de las cara frontal del bloque plano (12F) con los planos de las caras laterales del bloque plano (12L), y en la unión de los planos de dos caras laterales de las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123L) contiguas; donde estas aristas achaflanadas a 45° (11 A), tiene la siguiente función: C. chamfered edges at 45 ° (1A) are located at the junction of the planes of the front faces of the flat block (12F) with the planes of the side faces of the flat block (12L), and at the junction of the planes of two lateral faces of the truncated square pyramids (123L) adjoining; where these edges chamfered at 45 ° (11 A), it has the following function:
i. promover un flujo laminar del río que pasa sobre cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); y,  i. promote a laminar flow of the river that passes over each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (11); Y,
ii. ser punto de apoyo de cada bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 ) sobre la ribera del río.  ii. be a support point for each concrete block in the shape of a polypod (1) on the riverbank.
d. un recubrimiento polimérico (RP) que cubre toda la superficie (S) del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11), que tienen las siguientes funciones: ,  d. a polymeric coating (RP) covering the entire surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11), which have the following functions:,
i. aumentar la durabilidad del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 1) en un ambiente marino; y, ,  i. increase the durability of the polypod-shaped concrete block (1 1) in a marine environment; Y, ,
ii. dar pH neutro a la superficie (S) del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11); proveyendo un lugar donde puedan iniciarse cadenas alimenticias a partir de su población vegetal y animal.  ii. give neutral pH to the surface (S) of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11); providing a place where food chains can be started from their plant and animal population.
5. El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1 ) de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 1 y 2 son caracterizados por disponerse sobre taludes en una configuración mono-capa y dar coeficientes de estabilidad kd con un valor de 18 para un talud de pendiente de 2:1 , un valor de 17 para un talud de pendiente de 1.5:1 y un valor de 16 para un talud de pendiente de 1.33:1 , donde estos valores dependen de la altura de la ola. 5. The multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1) in accordance with claims 1 and 2 are characterized by being arranged on slopes in a mono-layer configuration and giving stability coefficients k d with a value of 18 for a Slope slope of 2: 1, a value of 17 for a slope slope of 1.5: 1 and a value of 16 for a slope slope of 1.33: 1, where these values depend on the height of the wave.
6. El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1) de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 1 , 2, 3 y 4, donde el bloque plano (12) es caracterizado porque tiene un espesor de 0.39 H, donde H es la longitud que existe entre los planos formados por la cara superior de pirámide cuadrada truncada (123S). 6. The multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1) according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein the flat block (12) is characterized in that it has a thickness of 0.39 H, where H is the length that exists between the planes formed by the upper face of truncated square pyramid (123S).
7. El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto dé forma de polípodo (1) de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 1 , 2, 3 y 4, donde el bloque cuadrado (121) es caracterizado por tener un lado de 0.61 D, donde D es la longitud entre los vértices de dos puntas cuadradas terminadas en forma angular a 90° (122) contiguas. 8. El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1) de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 1 , 2, 3 y 4, donde las pirámides cuadradas truncadas (123) son caracterizadas por tener una altura de 0.305 H, una base de 0.305 H de lado, y una cara superior de 0.20 H de lado. 9. El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1) de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 6, 7 y 8, donde la distancia longitud H es caracterizada por ser mayor que la longitud D, y donde la longitud D puede variar de 0.6 a 1.0 veces la distancia H. / 10. El sistema multifuncional de bloques de concreto de forma de polípodo (1) , de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 2 y 4, donde el recubrimiento polimérico (RP) es caracterizado por tener en su composición polímeros reciclados, preferentemente poliestirenos. 11. Un molde (2) para elaborar el bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo ( ) descrito en las reivindicaciones 1 , 2, 3 y 4, caracterizado por estar compuesto por dos paredes metálicas (21) que se unen para formar una cavidad con la forma exterior del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo (11) con una abertura en su parte superior que permite el vaciado, vibrado y fraguado del concreto; donde estas paredes metálicas también permiten un desmolde fácil y seguro del bloque de concreto de forma de polípodo ( 1). 7. The multifunctional concrete block system in the form of a polypod (1) according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein the block Square (121) is characterized by having a side of 0.61 D, where D is the length between the vertices of two square ends angled at 90 ° (122) contiguous. 8. The multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1) according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein the truncated square pyramids (123) are characterized by having a height of 0.305 H, a base of 0.305 H sideways, and an upper face of 0.20 H sideways. 9. The multifunctional system of polypod-shaped concrete blocks (1) according to claims 6, 7 and 8, wherein the distance length H is characterized by being greater than the length D, and where the length D may vary from 0.6 to 1.0 times the distance H. / 10. The multifunctional system of concrete blocks in the shape of a polypod (1), according to claims 2 and 4, wherein the polymeric coating (RP) is characterized by having in its composition polymers recycled, preferably polystyrenes. A mold (2) for making the concrete block in the shape of a polypod () described in claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized by being composed of two metal walls (21) that join to form a cavity with the outer shape of the polypod-shaped concrete block (11) with an opening in its upper part that allows the emptying, vibrating and setting of the concrete; where these metal walls also allow an easy and safe demoulding of the polypod-shaped concrete block (1).
PCT/MX2013/000091 2013-05-30 2013-07-17 Multifunctional system of concrete blocks in polypod form WO2014193212A1 (en)

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