WO2014178291A1 - 発電量出力装置、光発電システム - Google Patents
発電量出力装置、光発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014178291A1 WO2014178291A1 PCT/JP2014/060965 JP2014060965W WO2014178291A1 WO 2014178291 A1 WO2014178291 A1 WO 2014178291A1 JP 2014060965 W JP2014060965 W JP 2014060965W WO 2014178291 A1 WO2014178291 A1 WO 2014178291A1
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- power generation
- generation amount
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a power generation amount output device that outputs a power generation amount of a photovoltaic panel mounted on a vehicle to a display unit.
- Solar cells have come into widespread use in order to reduce the use of fossil fuels and reduce environmental impact.
- a solar cell installed on a roof of a house serves as a power source for various electric appliances in the home and can charge an electric vehicle or a plug-in hybrid vehicle.
- an electric vehicle or a plug-in hybrid vehicle For this reason, as a user, there is a request to know how much the solar cell is generating, how much power is consumed at home, etc., and conventionally a technology for displaying the amount of power generation on a display device arranged in the home Is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the solar cell mounted on the vehicle is located lower than the residential solar cell, it is easily affected by the shadows of features (buildings, signboards, utility poles, etc.).
- the vehicle since the vehicle moves, it is affected by the shadow of unspecified features, and the power generation amount changes frequently. For this reason, even if the solar power generation system displays the current power generation amount as it is on a meter or the like, there arises a problem that it is difficult for the user to grasp the power generation amount.
- the change amount of the display amount is made smaller than the change amount of the power generation amount by some processing. As a result, the change in the power generation amount displayed is reduced, so that the user can grasp a stable power generation amount.
- a power generation amount output device that outputs a power generation amount of a photovoltaic power generation panel mounted on a display unit to a power generation amount acquisition unit that acquires a power generation amount of the photovoltaic power generation panel;
- a fluctuation reducing means for reducing fluctuations in the power generation amount output by the display means in accordance with the vehicle status of the power generation, and a power generation amount output means for outputting the power generation amount reduced in fluctuations by the fluctuation reduction means to the display means,
- a power generation output device is provided.
- the present disclosure it is possible to obtain a power generation amount output device that facilitates grasping of the power generation amount and specifying a place where the power generation amount is large.
- FIG. 1 It is an example of the figure explaining the display of the electric power generation amount by the solar power generation system of this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of mounting to the vehicle of a solar panel. It is an example of the block diagram of a solar power generation system. It is an example of the hardware block diagram of solar ECU. It is an example of a functional block diagram of a solar ECU. It is an example of the figure explaining a vehicle speed / coefficient map. It is an example of the figure which shows typically the past power generation amount memorize
- Example 2 It is an example of the figure which illustrates a rate limit etc. typically. It is an example of the functional block diagram of solar ECU (Example 2). It is a figure which shows an example of a vehicle speed / period map. (Example 2) which is an example of the flowchart figure which shows the operation
- FIG. 1 is an example of a diagram for explaining display of power generation by the solar power generation system of the present embodiment.
- fluctuations in the power generation amount displayed mainly by two methods are reduced (Example 1 and Example 2 described later).
- these are indicated by (1) and (2), respectively.
- (1) Fluctuation suppression processing (i) The amount of solar power generation is obtained from the solar voltage value and the solar current value of the power generated by the solar panel. Further, since the previous value of the solar power generation amount (hereinafter simply referred to as power generation amount) is held, the amount of change with respect to the previous value can be obtained.
- the solar power generation system periodically acquires the current vehicle speed.
- the solar power generation system has a vehicle speed / coefficient map in which coefficients for vehicle speed are registered.
- the solar power generation system multiplies the change amount with respect to the previous value by the coefficient read from the vehicle speed / coefficient map according to the current vehicle speed. Therefore, the amount of change is converted to a smaller value as the vehicle speed increases.
- this processing is referred to as “variation suppression processing”.
- the solar power generation system displays the previous value plus the amount of change after conversion. Therefore, the displayed power generation amount is a value obtained by adding the amount of change converted to a smaller value to the previous power generation amount as the vehicle speed increases.
- the solar power generation system reduces fluctuations in the power generation amount by changing the display cycle of the power generation amount.
- the display cycle there are methods such as increasing the period for calculating the power generation amount, and increasing the cycle for outputting the calculated power generation amount to the display. Since the cycle becomes longer, fluctuations in the displayed power generation amount can be reduced even if the actual power generation amount fluctuates in a short time.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of mounting a solar panel on a vehicle.
- a solar panel 11 is mounted on the roof of the vehicle.
- the place where the solar panel 11 is mounted is a place where there is a plane parallel to the road surface in which sunlight can be easily captured.
- it may be placed on a bonnet or trunk.
- it since it is possible to generate power even if it is not a plane parallel to the road surface, it may be arranged on a door panel, a door panel window, a back door glass, or the like.
- Vehicles on which the solar panel 11 is mounted include vehicles powered by an electric motor, such as hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles.
- an electric motor such as hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles.
- the electric power generated by the solar panel 11 can be supplied to electrical components (generally operated by a battery), it may be mounted on a gasoline vehicle or a diesel vehicle.
- FIG. 3 is an example of a configuration diagram of the solar power generation system 100.
- the amount of power generated by the solar panel 11 is controlled by a solar ECU (Electronic Controlled Unit) 12.
- the electric power generated by the solar panel 11 is supplied to the load 13.
- the solar ECU 12 is communicably connected to other ECUs via the in-vehicle network 18.
- Other ECUs are, for example, a meter ECU 15, a navigation ECU 16, a communication ECU 17, and the like, and these ECUs are referred to as display devices 20 without being distinguished from each other.
- the solar panel 11 to be mounted on the vehicle may be determined based on cost, power generation efficiency, lifetime, and the like, and need not be a specific solar panel 11.
- a single crystal silicon solar cell there are a single crystal silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, a compound solar cell, and an organic solar cell.
- Solar ECU 12 converts power generated by solar panel 11 into power 13 and supplies it to load 13.
- the solar ECU 12 detects the power generation amount from when the solar panel 11 generates power to when it supplies power to the load 13, and transmits it to the display device 20.
- the current (direct current) generated by the solar panel 11 can be measured by the current sensor 22, the voltage can be measured by the voltage sensor 23, and the power generation amount can be calculated from these two.
- the solar ECU 12 has a DC / DC converter 21 and converts the voltage of the generated power into a voltage corresponding to the load 13. For example, when the voltage of the auxiliary battery that drives the auxiliary machine of the vehicle is 12 [V], the generated voltage is lowered to 12 [V]. Moreover, when charging the high voltage battery which drives the electric motor for driving a vehicle, the voltage is increased to the voltage of the high voltage battery (for example, several hundred [V]).
- the electric power charged in the load 13 is supplied to various auxiliary machines (actuators, lights, air conditioners, microcomputer power supplies, etc.).
- the display device 20 displays the power generation amount.
- the meter ECU 15 displays the power generation amount as a numerical value or a graph on a liquid crystal unit of the meter panel or a HUD (Head-Up Display).
- the navigation ECU 16 is the same, and the power generation amount is displayed as a numerical value or graph on a display that displays a road map.
- the communication ECU 17 configures the display device 20 by communicating with a communication partner apparatus.
- the communication system of the communication ECU 17 can vary depending on the communication partner device.
- the communication partner device may be a smartphone 19, a tablet, a mobile phone, or a notebook PC of an occupant (may be a driver) seated in a passenger seat or rear seat.
- the communication ECU 17 communicates by near field communication such as NFC (Near Field Communication), TransFerjet, ad-hoc mode of wireless LAN, Bluetooth (registered trademark), and transmits the amount of power generation in real time.
- the communication partner device may be a vehicle service center.
- the communication ECU 17 accesses a base station of a mobile phone network or a wireless LAN network, communicates with a service center (server) connected to the Internet via the base station, and transmits a power generation amount.
- the communication ECU 17 sends the authentication information to the service center and logs in.
- the occupant may be in the vehicle or outside the vehicle, but communicates with the service center (server) via the Internet with a portable smartphone or the like, and receives the power generation amount by logging in if necessary.
- a dedicated app is installed on the smartphone to display the amount of power generated.
- the application starts when the communication ECU communicates with the smartphone or the like, or the occupant starts the application, so that the application starts communication with the communication ECU or the server (IP address and the like are registered in the application).
- the smart phone or the like can display the power generation amount in real time or the power generation amount accumulated in the past.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a hardware configuration diagram of the solar ECU 12.
- the solar ECU 12 has an input circuit 31, a microcomputer 32, and an output circuit 33 as main components.
- the microcomputer 32 has a RAM 41, a ROM 42, a nonvolatile memory 43, a CPU 44, and a communication controller 45 connected via a bus.
- the CPU 44 executes an OS (Operating System) or a program stored in the ROM 42 and performs control specific to each ECU.
- the RAM 41 is a work area when the CPU 44 executes a program.
- the nonvolatile memory 43 is, for example, a flash memory in which data is not erased even when the power is turned off. For example, the past power generation amount is stored in the nonvolatile memory 43.
- the communication controller 45 transmits / receives data to / from other ECUs via the in-vehicle network 18 based on a communication protocol such as CAN (Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect Network), FlexRay, Ethernet (registered trademark), or the like.
- the communication controller 45 receives the position information acquired by the navigation ECU 16 through GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) or the like, and transmits the calculated power generation amount.
- GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
- the input circuit 31 is connected to a voltage sensor 23, a current sensor 22, a vehicle speed sensor 34, a solar radiation sensor 35, an air temperature sensor 36, and the like.
- the voltage sensor 23 detects a power generation voltage of the solar panel 11 (hereinafter referred to as a solar voltage value).
- the current sensor 22 detects a generated current (hereinafter referred to as a solar current value) of the solar panel 11.
- the voltage sensor 23 and the current sensor 22 are in the ECU in FIG. 3, they may be externally attached as shown in FIG.
- signals from sensors connected to other ECUs can be acquired via the in-vehicle network 18.
- the vehicle speed sensor 34 is a sensor that detects the rotational speed of each wheel.
- the vehicle speed can also be obtained by a change in position information calculated by the navigation ECU 16 or the like.
- the solar radiation sensor 35 detects the intensity of solar radiation by converting the temperature raised by solar radiation into a voltage or converting it into a voltage using a photoelectric conversion element or the like.
- the air temperature sensor 36 is a temperature sensor that detects the outside air temperature.
- the input circuit 31 performs A / D conversion on the detection signals of these sensors, if necessary, and inputs them to the microcomputer 32 together with sensor identification information.
- the microcomputer 32 calculates the detection signal of the sensor and outputs it to the output circuit 33.
- the output circuit 33 is connected to the load 13, an actuator, a motor drive circuit, and the like, and the microcomputer 32 can control the actuator and the like.
- FIG. 5A is an example of a functional block diagram of the solar ECU 12.
- the operation accepting unit 51 accepts an occupant's operation.
- the occupant operates the solar power generation system 100 by, for example, touching a touch panel integrated with the display 57 of the navigation system or pressing a hard key.
- the operation includes, for example, the display of the current power generation amount, the display of the past power generation amount, the integrated value of the past power generation amount, and the ON / OFF of the fluctuation reduction function.
- the past power generation amount is the amount of power generation from the start of parking to the present, the amount of power generation from IG-ON to the present, the amount of power generation for a predetermined period in the past, the amount of power generation for any past period, Etc.
- the power generation amount calculation unit 52 calculates the current power generation amount (solar power generation amount) by multiplying the solar voltage value and the solar current value. The calculation is performed periodically, but may be performed at any timing operated by the passenger. Also, the period does not need to be constant, and the period may be changed, for example, by calculating with a period shorter than that of evening or night during the day.
- the power generation amount DB 53 stores past power generation amounts.
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 calculates the display power generation amount for the display device 20 to display based on the current power generation amount and the vehicle speed.
- the power generation amount may or may not be subjected to fluctuation suppression processing, but the power generation amount transmitted from the solar ECU 12 to the display device 20 without distinction is referred to as a display power generation amount.
- FIG. 5B is an example of a diagram schematically illustrating the calculation of the display power generation amount calculation unit 54.
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 acquires the newest power generation amount (hereinafter referred to as current power generation amount, power generation amount (current value)). And the difference with the electric power generation amount memorize
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 performs variation suppression processing on the change amount and adds it to the power generation amount (previous value). This is the displayed power generation amount.
- the fluctuation suppression process is a process of decreasing the change amount as the vehicle speed increases and increasing the change amount as the vehicle speed decreases. The fluctuation suppression process will be described together with a vehicle speed / coefficient map described below.
- FIG. 6 is an example of a diagram for explaining the vehicle speed / coefficient map.
- the fluctuation suppression process is, for example, a process of multiplying the change amount by a coefficient corresponding to the vehicle speed.
- FIG. 6A is the same vehicle speed / coefficient map as FIG.
- the coefficient of “1” is decreased in inverse proportion to the vehicle speed.
- the coefficient decreases abruptly. Therefore, it is easy to suppress the amount of change from a region where the vehicle speed is low.
- the coefficient change (decrease rate) decreases as the vehicle speed increases, it is possible to prevent the amount of power generation from changing at all.
- the coefficient of “1” at zero vehicle speed is uniformly smaller as the vehicle speed increases, and the coefficient is constant at a certain vehicle speed (saturated vehicle speed) or higher. Since the coefficient decreases in proportion to the vehicle speed, the occupant can easily grasp the relationship between the vehicle speed and the fluctuation amount as a sense. Further, by determining the lower limit of the coefficient, it is possible to prevent the power generation amount from changing at all when the vehicle speed moves at a high speed.
- the coefficient may be zero in a region where the vehicle speed is high (for example, 100 to 180 km / h or more).
- FIG. 6C shows an example of a vehicle speed / coefficient map in the case where the variation suppressing process is performed only at the reference vehicle speed or higher.
- the reference vehicle speed is a general vehicle speed when searching for a parking place, and corresponds to a slow vehicle speed (for example, 10 to 20 [km / h]). Since the coefficient is “1” below the reference vehicle speed, the power generation amount is displayed as it is. Therefore, the occupant can grasp the power generation amount at the parking location in the current location in real time. Since the coefficient is less than “1” (for example, about 0.3 to 0.7) at the reference vehicle speed or higher, the power generation amount in which the change amount is suppressed is displayed even if the power generation amount fluctuates. Therefore, the occupant can grasp the stable power generation amount even if the power generation amount changes.
- the coefficient may be gradually decreased as the vehicle speed increases above the reference vehicle speed.
- FIG. 6 (d) shows an example of a vehicle speed / coefficient map in the case where the change amount is emphasized below the reference vehicle speed.
- 6 (a) to 6 (c) are subject to fluctuation suppression processing within a range that does not exceed the original amount of change, but in the vehicle speed / coefficient map of FIG. 6 (d), the amount of change in power generation is the original change. It can be larger than the amount. By making it larger than the original amount of change, it becomes easier for the occupant to grasp the difference in power generation amount due to the difference in parking position when searching for a parking lot based on the power generation amount.
- the coefficient equal to or higher than the reference vehicle speed changes in the same manner as in FIG. 6B, but may change as in FIG. 6A.
- the display device 20 includes a display unit 56 that creates a display screen of the displayed power generation amount, a display 57 that displays a display screen of the displayed power generation amount, and a lamp 58.
- the display unit 56 displays, for example, the display power generation amount on the display 57 in time series.
- the display unit 56 stores a predetermined number of display power generation amounts in the past. When a new display power generation amount is received, a display screen of a predetermined number of display power generation amounts including the new display power generation amount is created.
- the displayed power generation amount is represented by, for example, the length of the bar graph or the dot position of the line graph, and the display unit 56 creates a bar graph or a line graph having a length corresponding to the obtained numerical value of the displayed power generation amount. For example, if the displayed power generation amount is 10 watts, a 1 cm bar graph is created or a dot is printed at a height of 1 cm.
- the display unit 56 controls the lighting of the lamp 58.
- the display unit 56 turns on the lamp 58 when the power generation amount is greater than or equal to a threshold (for example, 10 W), and turns off the lamp 58 when the power generation amount is less than the threshold.
- a threshold for example, 10 W
- the display unit 56 can not only display the displayed power generation amount but also output it by voice.
- the display device 20 outputs a display power generation amount from a speaker using a speech synthesizer.
- the solar ECU 12 performs the variation suppressing process, but the display device 20 can also perform the variation suppressing process. That is, the display device 20 has a display power generation amount calculation unit 54. In this case, the solar ECU 12 only needs to transmit the current power generation amount to the display device 20. Moreover, one ECU may perform the process of performing the fluctuation suppression process on the power generation amount and the process of displaying the power generation amount.
- the display device 20 is the smartphone 19 or the like, it is difficult to directly acquire the signal of the vehicle speed sensor 34 (although the solar ECU 12 may transmit the vehicle speed information to the smartphone 19). For this reason, the smartphone 19 detects the vehicle speed using position information such as a built-in GNSS. Thereby, the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 of the smartphone 19 can calculate the display power generation amount according to the vehicle speed.
- FIG. 7 is an example of a diagram schematically showing the past power generation amount stored in the power generation amount DB 53.
- position information, solar radiation amount, temperature, vehicle speed, and power generation amount are recorded.
- the displayed power generation amount is not necessarily accurate because it has been subjected to fluctuation suppression processing, but since the power generation amount stored in the power generation amount DB 53 is a value before the fluctuation suppression processing, raw data can be recorded.
- the displayed power generation amount can be calculated again by recording the vehicle speed.
- the larger the amount of solar radiation the larger the amount of power generation, and for example, it can be used to check the performance of the solar panel 11. Since it is known that the power generation efficiency decreases as the temperature increases, it is possible to improve the verification accuracy of whether or not the relationship between the solar radiation amount and the power generation amount is normal.
- the location information is recorded, so that a parking place (a parking area for one vehicle) with a high power generation amount is recorded. Therefore, when the vehicle is parked in the same parking lot next time, it is possible to select a parking place parked in the past with a high power generation amount.
- the data may be thinned out and recorded. Further, a record exceeding a certain amount may be transmitted to the server. If the vehicle manufacturer or server operator collects this data, the amount of power generated in each location is collected on the server, so the occupant receives the amount of power generated at any parking location in any parking lot and selects a parking location with high power generation. it can.
- FIG. 8A shows an example of the displayed power generation amount displayed as a bar graph.
- the display unit 56 updates the bar graph every time a new display power generation amount is acquired, creates a display screen, and displays the display screen on the display 57.
- the display part 56 makes the color of the bar graph of the newest display electric power generation amount differ from the past bar graph. Thereby, it becomes easy to visually recognize the newest display power generation amount.
- the color of the bar graph of the latest displayed power generation amount may be changed when the current display power generation amount becomes larger or smaller than the previous display power generation amount. The occupant can easily grasp whether the amount of power generation is increasing or decreasing.
- the display unit 56 displays at least the latest display power generation amount as a numerical value.
- the occupant can grasp the power generation amount by numerical values. It is also possible to display a numerical value of the displayed power generation amount in a list instead of a bar graph.
- the displayed power generation amount may be displayed with a continuous line graph as shown in FIG. 8B.
- the rightmost displayed power generation is the newest power generation. Also in this case, it is preferable to display the latest displayed power generation amount as a numerical value.
- FIG. 8C is a diagram showing a display example of the integrated power generation amount.
- the display unit 56 calculates the integrated power generation amount by integrating past power generation amounts.
- the integrated power generation amount may be displayed as the power generation amount before the fluctuation suppression process or may be displayed as the display power generation amount after the fluctuation suppression process.
- the integrated value may not fluctuate greatly even with the power generation amount before the fluctuation suppressing process, and the occupant can grasp the relatively stable integrated value. Moreover, if it is the integrated value of display electric power generation amount, the passenger
- FIG. 8D is an example of a diagram that schematically illustrates the remaining battery level.
- a generator motor generator
- a regenerative brake and a power generation mechanism of the solar panel 11 are mounted. Since the power generation amount, consumption amount, and power storage amount of each power generation mechanism are monitored, it is also clear how much the battery has been charged by each power generation mechanism.
- the amount of power generated by the solar panel 11 is charged to the auxiliary machine (high voltage battery, auxiliary battery) 13.
- the amount of power stored by the solar panel 11 is displayed as shown.
- the power storage amount may also be displayed as the power generation amount before the fluctuation suppression process or as the power generation amount after the fluctuation suppression process.
- FIG. 8E is an example of a diagram illustrating lighting / extinguishing of the lamp 58.
- the lamp 58 is switched on and off depending on whether or not the power generation amount exceeds a threshold value. Therefore, frequent switching can be suppressed by controlling the turning on and off with the power generation amount after the fluctuation suppressing process.
- FIG. 9 is an example of a flowchart illustrating an operation procedure of the solar power generation system 100.
- the power generation amount calculation unit 52 detects the solar voltage value and the solar current value (S10).
- the power generation amount calculation unit 52 calculates the power generation amount from the solar voltage value and the solar current value (S20).
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 performs a variation suppression process based on the vehicle speed to calculate the display power generation amount (S30).
- the solar ECU 12 transmits the display power generation amount to the display device 20 (S40).
- the display device 20 receives the display power generation amount (S110).
- the display unit 56 creates a display screen for the display power generation amount (S120).
- the display unit 56 displays the displayed power generation amount (S130).
- the solar power generation system 100 repeats the process of FIG. 9 for each cycle in which the power generation amount is calculated.
- the solar power generation system 100 since the solar power generation system 100 according to the present embodiment performs the fluctuation suppression process on the power generation amount according to the speed of the vehicle, the fluctuation of the displayed power generation amount is suppressed during traveling and the parking place is searched. In the case of such a low speed, it is difficult to suppress the fluctuation of the displayed power generation amount. Therefore, it is easy for the occupant to grasp the current power generation amount while moving at a high vehicle speed, and when searching for a parking lot with a large amount of power generation while moving at a low vehicle speed, the occupant must recognize the current power generation amount and The parking lot can be accurately identified.
- Rate Limit FIG. 10 (a) is an example of a diagram schematically explaining the rate limit.
- the rate limit means setting an upper limit of the amount of change.
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 has a preset change amount upper limit value.
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 compares the change amount upper limit value with the change amount, and limits the change amount to the upper limit value or less.
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 calculates the display power generation amount by adding the change amount subjected to the rate limit to the power generation amount (previous value).
- the rate limit change amount upper limit value increases as the vehicle speed decreases and decreases as the vehicle speed increases. That is, when the vehicle speed is low, the change amount is displayed as it is, and when the vehicle speed is high, the change amount is displayed while being suppressed. Further, the rate limit change amount upper limit value may be changed at the reference vehicle speed as shown in FIG.
- the rate limit due to the rate limit, the amount of change can be suppressed when the vehicle speed is high, and the amount of power generation can be displayed with less change amount suppression when the vehicle speed is low.
- FIG. 10B is an example of a diagram that schematically illustrates the moving average processing.
- the moving average process is to calculate an average of a predetermined number of power generation amounts.
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 calculates the average of the latest three power generation amounts to calculate the display power generation amount. For example, when the power generation amount n + 2 is the newest power generation amount, the average of the power generation amount n + 2, the power generation amount n + 1, and the power generation amount n is the display power generation amount 1.
- the average of three of the power generation amount n + 3, the power generation amount n + 2, and the power generation amount n + 1 becomes the display power generation amount 2.
- the average of three of the power generation amount n + 4, the power generation amount n + 3, and the power generation amount n + 2 becomes the display power generation amount 3.
- the power generation parameter used for the moving average process is smaller as the vehicle speed is lower, and larger as the vehicle speed is higher. That is, when the vehicle speed is low, an average of a small number of power generation amounts is displayed, and when the vehicle speed is high, an average of a large number of power generation amounts is displayed. Further, the parameter may be changed with the reference vehicle speed as a boundary.
- the moving average process the amount of change can be suppressed when the vehicle speed is high, and the amount of power generation can be displayed when the vehicle speed is low and the amount of change is reduced.
- FIG. 10C is an example of a diagram schematically illustrating the low-pass filter.
- the figure shows a three-stage FIR filter, which has the characteristics of a low-pass filter.
- Z ⁇ 1 is a delay block that holds the power generation amount sampled in the past.
- the filter characteristics are biased toward the low frequency side (high frequency components are cut off). Therefore, by reducing the number of delay blocks as the vehicle speed is reduced and increasing as the vehicle speed is increased, the amount of change is suppressed when the vehicle speed is high, and the amount of change is suppressed when the vehicle speed is low. The amount can be displayed. Further, the processing by the low-pass filter may be performed only at the reference vehicle speed or higher as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of a functional block diagram of the solar ECU 12 of the present embodiment.
- the solar ECU 12 has a period changing unit 62.
- the period changing unit 62 changes the display period of the power generation amount. Specifically, the cycle in which the power generation amount calculation unit 52 calculates the power generation amount is changed. Alternatively, the power generation amount displayed by the power generation amount calculation unit 52 calculated according to the period is reduced, and the frequency of updating the power generation amount displayed by reducing the power generation amount output to the display device 20 is reduced.
- the vehicle speed / cycle map 61 display cycles are registered in association with vehicle speeds. In order to suppress fluctuations in the amount of power generation, a longer display cycle is associated with a higher vehicle speed. Even if the actual power generation amount fluctuates due to a shadow or the like, the cycle of updating the power generation amount is long, so that the occupant can grasp the stable power generation amount.
- the processing load can be reduced because it is only necessary to lengthen the display cycle. Further, it is possible to suppress an increase in cost compared to adding a variation suppressing process to the solar ECU 12.
- the power generation amount displayed when the vehicle speed is high becomes an inaccurate value in which the amount of change is suppressed, whereas in the present embodiment, the calculated power generation amount can be displayed as it is.
- FIG. 12A shows an example of the vehicle speed / cycle map 61.
- a display cycle of zero vehicle speed is referred to as an “original cycle”.
- the original cycle is a cycle in which the solar ECU 12 calculates the power generation amount without adjusting the cycle. It can also be expressed as a conventional cycle.
- the original cycle is a cycle in which the solar ECU 12 performs a process for managing the solar panel, and is predetermined, for example, several milliseconds to several tens of milliseconds.
- the display period of the vehicle speed / period map 61 in FIG. 12A gradually increases from the original period of zero vehicle speed as the vehicle speed increases. As the vehicle speed increases, the display cycle increases rapidly, so that the amount of change can be easily suppressed from a region where the vehicle speed is low. Further, since the change in the display cycle becomes smaller as the vehicle speed increases, it is possible to prevent the amount of power generation from changing at all.
- the maximum display period is about 1 second to several seconds.
- FIG. 12 (b) is a vehicle speed / coefficient map similar to FIG. 12 (a), but the display cycle is uniformly large (with a constant inclination with respect to the vehicle speed). Since the display cycle becomes longer in proportion to the vehicle speed, the occupant can easily grasp the relationship between the vehicle speed and the display cycle as a sensation. In addition, the display cycle is constant above a certain vehicle speed (saturated vehicle speed). By determining the upper limit of the display cycle in this way, it is possible to prevent the power generation amount from changing completely when the vehicle speed moves at a high speed.
- FIG. 12 (c) shows an example of the vehicle speed / cycle map 61 when the display cycle is changed only at the reference vehicle speed or higher.
- the reference vehicle speed is the same as that in the first embodiment. Since the display cycle is the original cycle below the reference vehicle speed, the power generation amount is displayed as it is. The display cycle above the reference vehicle speed is longer than the original cycle. Therefore, even if the power generation amount changes, the power generation amount whose change amount is reduced is displayed. Therefore, the occupant can grasp the stable power generation amount even if the power generation amount changes.
- FIG. 13 is an example of a flowchart showing an operation procedure of the solar power generation system 100 of the present embodiment. In this procedure, the calculation period of the power generation amount is changed, but the output period to the display device 20 may be changed.
- the period changing unit 62 determines the display period based on the vehicle speed (S11). The period changing unit 62 determines whether or not the display period has arrived (S21). The period changing unit 62 waits until the display period arrives. During this time, nothing is done even if a solar voltage value or a solar current value is detected.
- the period changing unit 62 requests the power generation amount calculating unit 52 to calculate. Thereby, the electric power generation amount calculating part 52 detects a solar voltage value and a solar current value (S31).
- the power generation amount calculation unit 52 calculates the power generation amount from the solar voltage value and the solar current value (S41). In this embodiment, the power generation amount is displayed as it is.
- Solar ECU 12 transmits the power generation amount to display device 20 (S51).
- the subsequent processing is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the display device 20 receives the power generation amount (S111).
- the display unit 56 creates a power generation amount display screen (S121).
- the display unit 56 displays the power generation amount (S131).
- the solar power generation system 100 in addition to the same effects as in the first embodiment, suppresses the amount of change in the displayed power generation amount at a lower cost, and before processing.
- the amount of power generation can be displayed.
- FIG. 14 shows an example of a functional block diagram of the solar ECU 12 of the present embodiment.
- the solar ECU 12 has a location / coefficient map 63.
- the place / coefficient map 63 is a map in which a coefficient is associated with a place. This place is mainly where the vehicle is parked. Therefore, a parking lot, a home, a work place, etc. for parking the vehicle on the go are registered.
- the coefficient is “1” or a numerical value close to “1”. Then, the coefficients of locations other than the above are uniformly set to, for example, “0.3 to 0.7”.
- the displayed power generation amount is likely to fluctuate, so it is easy to look for parking information with a large amount of charge.
- the change amount is suppressed and displayed outside the place where the vehicle is parked, the occupant can grasp the stable power generation amount.
- the displayed power generation amount calculation unit 54 inquires of the navigation ECU 16 about the current position, and acquires the current position from the navigation ECU 16. This current position includes the facility information of the road map specified from the coordinates. When the coefficient of the current position registered in the place / coefficient map 63 is less than 1, the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 reads the coefficient associated with the current position and performs fluctuation suppression processing. When changing the display cycle, the cycle changing unit 62 changes the display cycle when the cycle of the current position registered in the location / coefficient map 63 is larger than the original cycle.
- FIG. 15 is an example of a flowchart illustrating an operation procedure of the solar power generation system 100.
- the power generation amount calculation unit 52 detects the solar voltage value and the solar current value (S12). Next, the power generation amount calculation unit 52 calculates the power generation amount from the solar voltage value and the solar current value (S22).
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 acquires the current position from the navigation ECU 16 (S210).
- the displayed power generation amount calculation unit 54 determines whether or not the current position coefficient registered in the place / coefficient map 63 is “1” (S32).
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 performs a variation suppression process to calculate the display power generation amount (S42). .
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 does not perform the fluctuation suppression process.
- the solar ECU 12 transmits the display power generation amount for which the variation suppression process has been performed or not performed to the display device 20 (S52).
- the display device 20 receives the display power generation amount (S110).
- the display unit 56 creates a display screen for the display power generation amount (S120).
- the display unit 56 displays the displayed power generation amount (S130). Note that the solar ECU 12 may perform the display cycle changing process of the second embodiment.
- the solar power generation system 100 can perform either the fluctuation suppression process or the display cycle change process at a place where the influence of the shadow is to be monitored.
- a solar power generation system 100 that performs either the fluctuation suppressing process of the first embodiment or the change of the display cycle of the second embodiment based on the traveling state will be described.
- FIG. 16 shows an example of a functional block diagram of the solar ECU 12 of the present embodiment.
- the solar ECU 12 has a traveling state determination unit 64.
- the traveling state determination unit 64 mainly determines whether or not the vehicle is traveling at a low speed, or whether or not the vehicle is stopped or parked.
- the traveling state determination unit 64 determines the traveling state based on signals from the accelerator opening sensor 65, the brake sensor 66, and the shift position sensor 67 mounted on the vehicle, for example, as follows.
- -Shift lever operation position D range-Accelerator pedal operation: Off-Brake pedal operation: Off Since the shift lever is in the D range and the accelerator pedal is not operated but the brake pedal is not operated, the vehicle is slow due to the creep phenomenon.
- the traveling state determination unit 64 notifies the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 when it is determined that the vehicle state is low speed traveling.
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 performs a variation suppression process on the power generation amount to calculate the display power generation amount.
- the cycle changing unit 62 changes the display cycle.
- the fluctuation suppressing process can be performed at a reference vehicle speed or higher, or the display cycle can be lengthened at a reference vehicle speed or higher as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is an example of a flowchart showing an operation procedure of the solar power generation system 100.
- the traveling state determination unit 64 determines the traveling state based on the shift lever operation position, the accelerator pedal operation, and the brake pedal operation (S13).
- the power generation amount calculation unit 52 detects the solar voltage value and the solar current value (S23). Next, the power generation amount calculation unit 52 calculates the power generation amount from the solar voltage value and the solar current value (S33).
- the displayed power generation amount calculation unit 54 determines whether or not the traveling state is traveling at a low speed (S43).
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 does not perform the fluctuation suppression process.
- the display power generation amount calculation unit 54 performs a variation suppression process based on the vehicle speed to calculate the display power generation amount (S53).
- Solar ECU 12 transmits the display power generation amount to display device 20 (S63).
- the display device 20 receives the display power generation amount (S110).
- the display unit 56 creates a display screen for the display power generation amount (S120).
- the display unit 56 displays the displayed power generation amount (S130).
- the solar power generation system 100 repeats the process of FIG. 9 periodically.
- the solar power generation system 100 determines the traveling state from the occupant's operation member without using the vehicle speed information, and the variation suppressing process or the display cycle in the traveling state where the influence of the shadow should be monitored. Any of the changes can be made.
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Abstract
Description
(1)変動抑制処理
(i)ソーラーパネルが発電した電力のソーラー電圧値とソーラー電流値からソーラー発電量が求められる。また、ソーラー発電量(以下、単に発電量という)は前回値が保持されているため、前回値に対する変化量を求めることができる。
(ii)太陽発電システムは、定期的に現在の車速を取得する。太陽発電システムは、車速に対する係数が登録された車速/係数マップを有している。車速/係数マップには、車速がゼロで1、車速が大きいほど小さくなる係数が登録されている。
(iii)太陽発電システムは、現在の車速に応じて車速/係数マップから読み出した係数を前回値に対する変化量に乗じる。したがって、変化量は車速が大きいほど小さい値に変換される。以下、この処理を「変動抑制処理」と称す。
(iv)太陽発電システムは、前回値に変換後の変化量を加えて表示する。したがって、表示される発電量は、車速が大きいほど小さい値に変換された変化量を前回の発電量に加えた値になる。このため、車速が低い場合は変化量がそのまま表示量に反映されるが、車速が高い場合は変化が少なくなる。
(2)表示周期の変更
また、太陽発電システムは、発電量の表示周期を変更することで発電量の変動を低減する。表示周期の変更には、発電量を算出する周期を長くする、算出された発電量をディスプレイに出力する周期を長くする、などの手法がある。周期が長くなるので、実際の発電量が短時間に変動していたとしても表示される発電量の変動を低減できる。
図5(a)は、ソーラーECU12の機能ブロック図の一例である。操作受付部51は、乗員の操作を受け付ける。乗員は、例えばナビゲーションシステムのディスプレイ57と一体のタッチパネルにタッチしたり、ハードキーを押下することで太陽発電システム100を操作する。操作には、例えば、現在の発電量の表示、過去の発電量の表示、過去の発電量の積算値、変動の低減機能のON/OFFなどがある。なお、過去の発電量とは、駐車開始時から現在までの発電量、IG-ONから現在までの発電量、過去の予め定められた時間分の発電量、過去の任意の期間の発電量、などである。
図5に戻り、表示デバイス20は、表示発電量の表示画面を作成する表示部56、表示発電量の表示画面を表示するディスプレイ57と、及び、ランプ58を有する。表示部56は例えば表示発電量を時系列にディスプレイ57に表示する。表示部56は、過去の所定数の表示発電量を記憶している。新しい表示発電量を受信すると、新しい表示発電量を含む所定数の表示発電量の表示画面を作成する。表示発電量は例えば棒グラフの長さや折れ線グラフの打点位置で現され、表示部56は取得した表示発電量の数値に対応する長さの棒グラフや折れ線グラフを作成する。例えば、表示発電量が10ワットであれば1cmの棒グラフを作成したり、1cmの高さに打点する。
図7は、発電量DB53に記憶された過去の発電量を模式的に示す図の一例である。日時に対応づけて、位置情報、日射量、気温、車速、発電量、が記録されている。表示発電量は変動抑制処理が施されているので必ずしも正確ではないが、発電量DB53に記憶される発電量は変動抑制処理の前の値なので生データを記録することができる。また、車速を記録することで、表示発電量を再度、計算することもできる。日射量は大きいほど発電量も大きくなる関係にあり、例えばソーラーパネル11の性能を確認するために使用できる。気温は高いほど発電効率が低下することが知られているため、日射量と発電量の関係が正常か否かの検証精度を向上させることができる。
図8(a)は、棒グラフとして表示された表示発電量の一例を示す。表示部56は、新しい表示発電量を取得する毎に棒グラフを更新して表示画面を作成しディスプレイ57に表示する。なお、表示部56は、最も新しい表示発電量の棒グラフの色を過去の棒グラフと異ならせることが好ましい。これにより、最も新しい表示発電量を視認しやすくなる。また、1つ前の表示発電量に対し、現在の表示発電量が大きくなった場合と小さくなった場合で最も新しい表示発電量の棒グラフの色を変更してもよい。乗員は、発電量が増加傾向なのか、減少傾向なのかを容易に把握できる。
図9は、太陽発電システム100の動作手順を示すフローチャート図の一例である。
発電量演算部52は、ソーラー電圧値、ソーラー電流値を検出する(S10)。
次に、発電量演算部52は、ソーラー電圧値とソーラー電流値から発電量を算出する(S20)。
表示発電量算出部54は車速に基づき変動抑制処理を行い表示発電量を算出する(S30)。
ソーラーECU12は表示発電量を表示デバイス20に送信する(S40)。
表示部56は表示発電量の表示画面を作成する(S120)。
表示部56は表示発電量を表示する(S130)。太陽発電システム100は、発電量が算出される周期毎に図9の処理を繰り返す。
変動抑制処理は、発電量の変化量を抑制できればよく、上記の係数を用いた方法の他、以下のような方法がある。
(1)レートリミット
図10(a)はレートリミットを模式的に説明する図の一例である。レートリミットとは、変化量の上限を設定することをいう。表示発電量算出部54は予め設定された変化量上限値を有している。表示発電量算出部54は変化量上限値と変化量とを比較して、変化量を上限値以下に制限する。
図10(b)は移動平均処理を模式的に説明する図の一例である。移動平均処理とは予め定められた数の発電量の平均を算出することである。例えば3つの発電量の平均を移動平均とする場合、表示発電量算出部54は最新の3つの発電量の平均を計算して表示発電量を算出する。例えば、発電量n+2が最も新しい発電量の場合、発電量n+2、発電量n+1、発電量nの3つ平均が表示発電量1となる。同様に、次の発電量n+3が算出されると、発電量n+3、発電量n+2、発電量n+1の3つ平均が表示発電量2となる。次の発電量n+4が算出されると、発電量n+4、発電量n+3、発電量n+2の3つ平均が表示発電量3となる。このように、移動平均を取ることで、表示発電量の変化量を抑制できる。
図10(c)はローパスフィルタを模式的に説明する図の一例である。図は3段のFIRフィルタであり、ローパスフィルタの特性を持っている。Z-1は過去にサンプリングした発電量を保持する遅延ブロックである。このようなFIRフィルタでは、遅延ブロックの数が多いほどフィルタ特性が低周波数側に偏る(高周波数成分を遮断する)。したがって、車速が小さいほど遅延ブロックの数を少なくし、車速が大きいほど多くすることで、車速が大きい場合には変化量を抑制し、車速が小さい場合には変化量の抑制を少なくして発電量を表示できる。また、ローパスフィルタによる処理も、図7(c)のように基準車速以上でのみ行ってもよい。
周期変更部62は、表示周期が到来したか否かを判定する(S21)。表示周期が到来するまで周期変更部62は待機する。この間、ソーラー電圧値、ソーラー電流値が検出されたとしても何もしない。
表示部56は発電量の表示画面を作成する(S121)。
表示部56は発電量を表示する(S131)。
発電量演算部52は、ソーラー電圧値、ソーラー電流値を検出する(S12)。
次に、発電量演算部52は、ソーラー電圧値とソーラー電流値から発電量を算出する(S22)。
表示部56は表示発電量の表示画面を作成する(S120)。
表示部56は表示発電量を表示する(S130)。なお、ソーラーECU12は実施例2の表示周期の変更処理を行ってもよい。
・シフトレバー操作位置:Dレンジ
・アクセルペダル操作:オフ
・ブレーキペダル操作:オフ
シフトレバーがDレンジで、アクセルペダルを操作していないがブレーキペダルも操作していないので、車両がクリープ現象で低速走行しているか、慣性走行していると推定される。慣性走行の場合は比較的短時間にアクセルペダルがオン操作されるので、低速走行から除外できる。したがって、上記の条件を所定時間満たす場合に、車両は低速走行していると判断できる。
・シフトレバー操作位置:Rレンジ
・アクセルペダル操作:オン
・ブレーキペダル操作:オフ
シフトレバーがRレンジで走行する場合、高速走行することは希なので車両は低速走行していると推定できる。
・シフトレバー操作位置:Pレンジ
・アクセルペダル操作:オフ
・ブレーキペダル操作:オフ
シフトレバーがPレンジなので、車両は駐車又は停車していると判断でき、その後、車両が走行を開始した場合、駐車場などを走行していると推定できる。このように、ユーザの操作から走行状況を判定できる。
次に、発電量演算部52は、ソーラー電圧値とソーラー電流値から発電量を算出する(S33)。
表示部56は表示発電量の表示画面を作成する(S120)。
表示部56は表示発電量を表示する(S130)。太陽発電システム100は、周期的に図9の処理を繰り返す。
12 ソーラーECU
13 負荷
19 スマートフォン
20 表示デバイス
22 電流センサ
23 電圧センサ
52 発電量演算部
54 表示発電量算出部
62 周期変更部
100 太陽発電システム
Claims (9)
- 車載された光発電パネルの発電量を表示手段に出力する発電量出力装置であって、
前記光発電パネルの発電量を取得する発電量取得手段と、
自車両の車両状況に応じて、前記表示手段が出力する発電量の変動を低減させる変動低減手段と、
前記変動低減手段が変動を低減させた発電量を前記表示手段に出力する発電量出力手段とを有することを特徴とする発電量出力装置。 - 前記変動低減手段は、前記発電量取得手段が取得した発電量に発電量の変動を抑制する変動抑制処理を施し、
前記発電量出力手段は、前記変動低減手段が変動抑制処理を施した発電量を前記表示手段に出力することを特徴とする請求項1記載の発電量出力装置。 - 前記変動低減手段は、前記発電量取得手段が発電量を取得する周期を長くするか、又は、前記発電量取得手段が取得した発電量を前記表示手段に出力する周期を長くすることで、前記表示手段が出力する発電量の変動を低減させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の発電量出力装置。
- 前記変動低減手段は、前記車両状況として自車両の車速情報を取得して、車速が大きいほど前記表示手段が出力する発電量の変動を低減させることを特徴とする請求項1~3いずれか1項記載の発電量出力装置。
- 前記変動低減手段は、前記車両状況として自車両の車速情報を取得して、車速が基準値以上の場合に、前記表示手段が出力する発電量の変動を低減させることを特徴とする請求項1~3いずれか1項記載の発電量出力装置。
- 前記変動低減手段は、前記車両状況として自車両の位置情報を取得して、自車両の現在位置が予め定められた場所以外の場所を走行している場合に、前記表示手段が出力する発電量の変動を低減させることを特徴とする請求項1~3いずれか1項記載の発電量出力装置。
- 運転者が操作する操作部材の操作情報から、自車両の走行状況を判断する走行状況判断手段を有し、
前記変動低減手段は、前記走行状況判断手段により所定値以下の車速で走行している前記走行状況であると判断されない場合、前記表示手段が出力する発電量の変動を低減させることを特徴とする請求項1~3いずれか1項記載の発電量出力装置。 - 光発電パネルと、表示手段と、
前記光発電パネルの発電量を前記表示手段に出力する発電量出力装置と、を有する光発電システムであって、
前記光発電パネルの発電量を取得する発電量取得手段と、
自車両の車両状況に応じて、前記表示手段が出力する発電量の変動を低減させる変動低減手段と、
前記変動低減手段が変動を低減させた発電量を前記表示手段に表示させる発電量表示手段とを有することを特徴とする光発電システム。 - 表示手段と、
車載された光発電パネルの発電量を前記表示手段に出力する発電量出力手段と、を有する発電量出力装置であって、
前記光発電パネルの発電量を取得する発電量取得手段と、
車両の車両状況に応じて、前記表示手段が出力する発電量の変動を低減させる変動低減手段と、
前記変動低減手段が変動を低減させた発電量を前記表示手段に表示させる発電量表示手段とを有することを特徴とする発電量出力装置。
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