WO2014173124A1 - 一种谐波射频识别系统 - Google Patents

一种谐波射频识别系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014173124A1
WO2014173124A1 PCT/CN2013/087896 CN2013087896W WO2014173124A1 WO 2014173124 A1 WO2014173124 A1 WO 2014173124A1 CN 2013087896 W CN2013087896 W CN 2013087896W WO 2014173124 A1 WO2014173124 A1 WO 2014173124A1
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Prior art keywords
tag
carrier
reader
identification system
frequency identification
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈勇
闵昊
闫娜
谈熙
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Fudan University
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Fudan University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of automatic identification, and particularly relates to a harmonic radio frequency identification system. Background technique
  • Radio frequency identification technology often referred to as an electronic tag, is a communication technology that uses radio signals to identify specific targets and read and write related data. Radio frequency identification has the advantages of low cost, contactless, fast communication, and good encryption performance. It has been widely used in logistics, warehousing, charging, access control, data entry and other fields.
  • a typical RFID system consists of a PC terminal, a reader, and a tag.
  • the reader and the tag communicate wirelessly between the tag and the tag.
  • the reader emits electromagnetic waves with modulated data to the tag, and the tag processes the signal and returns the signal through a certain reflection mechanism to realize communication between the reader and the tag.
  • the PC terminal stores and processes the information received by the reader, and manages the tag information through the database management and software platform.
  • radio frequency identification There are many classification methods for radio frequency identification. For example, according to the working frequency band, it can be divided into low frequency, high frequency, ultra high frequency and micro wave; according to the power supply mode, it can be divided into passive, semi-active and active.
  • a passive RFID tag means that there is no battery inside the tag. The energy required for the internal circuit to work is obtained by receiving external electromagnetic waves. It is widely used because of its small size, low cost and long life. Passive tag and semi-active tag-to-reader information transfer is achieved by electromagnetic waves emitted by the backscatter reader, known as backscatter modulation.
  • the most important performance metrics for RFID systems are sensitivity, including reader sensitivity and label sensitivity, which together determine the sensitivity of the RFID system.
  • the reader's receiving sensitivity is the minimum tag return signal strength that the reader can effectively detect.
  • the tag sensitivity is the minimum input RF power at which the tag can operate normally. With the improvement of label rectification efficiency and the development of low-power technology, the label sensitivity is getting higher and higher; and the bottleneck effect of reader receiving sensitivity on the system is increasingly apparent.
  • the backscattered carrier of the tag is at the same frequency as the carrier transmitting carrier, and the reader self-interference and multipath interference are severe, which limits the reader's receiving sensitivity. Summary of the invention
  • the downlink (reader to tag) and uplink (tag to reader) carrier frequencies are the same, that is, the carrier transmits and receives the same carrier frequency.
  • the isolation of the reader's transmitting and receiving modules is limited.
  • the carrier leakage from the transmitting module to the receiving module limits its receiving sensitivity. This is self-interference.
  • the reader transmits a carrier with a large intensity. After the various reflections of the environment, some of them will return.
  • the reader receives the module, which is multipath interference; the self-interference and multipath interference of the traditional RFID system severely limits the reader's receiving sensitivity.
  • the invention proposes "harmonic radio frequency identification" or "inter-frequency radio frequency identification", the basic idea is that the carrier frequencies of the downlink and uplink are different, and the uplink carrier is obtained by simple change of the downlink carrier (this is from low power) Consumption and convenient demodulation angle considerations). As long as the uplink and downlink carrier frequencies are different, the self-interference and multipath interference of the reader can be greatly reduced, thereby improving the sensitivity of the reader and the system. That is to say, the reader transmits a carrier frequency of f. , the label backscatter carrier frequency is), and F represents a certain functional relationship.
  • the carrier frequency F(f.) of the label backscattering can usually be generated by a dedicated module (transformation of ⁇ ) or extracted from signals generated by conventional tag structures.
  • the structure of the harmonic radio frequency identification system of the present invention is developed by the conventional radio frequency identification system, and is still composed of the PC terminal 1, the reader 2, the reader antenna 3, the tag antenna 4 and the tag chip 5. As shown in Figure 1.
  • the difference from the traditional RFID system is that the eigenfrequency of the reader transceiver module is different, and the tag needs to generate or acquire the module of ⁇ ( ).
  • the PC terminal 1 is responsible for data processing and management;
  • the reader 2 is responsible for transmitting commands and carriers and receiving demodulation label return instructions;
  • the tag chip 5 obtains energy from the carrier 2 transmitting carrier to supply the tag chip, and demodulate reading.
  • the instruction, and the corresponding processing returns the instruction or data;
  • the reader antenna 3, the tag antenna 4 is the channel through which the reader and the tag transmit signals and energy, and is responsible for the transmission of the radio.
  • the tag chip 5 includes: a tag base tape 6, a first tag equivalent impedance 7, a second tag equivalent impedance 8, and a control signal 9.
  • the reader 2 transmits a signal 10, and the tag 5 returns a signal 11.
  • the tag backscattering carrier is a harmonic of the carrier transmitting carrier.
  • the tag backscattering carrier is a frequency-divided wave of the carrier transmitting the carrier.
  • the tag backscattering carrier is a coherent wave of the carrier transmitting carrier.
  • the harmonic radio frequency identification system of the present invention can operate in a full duplex mode.
  • the working process of the harmonic radio frequency identification system of the present invention is as follows:
  • the reader transmits to the tag at a frequency of f. Carrier, the tag rectifies the RF signal to obtain the energy required for the tag and stores it;
  • the reader transmits to the tag at a frequency of f.
  • the instruction the tag demodulates and decodes the instruction, and changes the carrier, or the tag itself generates);
  • the reader receives a return signal of carrier F (f fl ) for demodulation and decoding
  • the reader interacts with the PC terminal for data interaction, and the PC terminal manages the tag data.
  • the system can operate in full-duplex mode.
  • the advantages of the invention are greatly reduced, and the sensitivity of the radio frequency identification system is improved.
  • the system may work in full-duplex mode to increase system speed.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a radio frequency identification system.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of backscattering of a radio frequency identification system.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a harmonic radio frequency identification system.
  • 1-PC terminal 2-reader, 3-reader antenna, 4-tag antenna, 5-tag chip, 6-tag baseband, 7-first tag equivalent impedance, 8-second tag equivalent Impedance, 9-control signal, 10-reader transmit signal, 11-tag return signal.
  • the above-mentioned carrier is the second harmonic of the downlink carrier as an example. It is well known to those skilled in the art that this is only an example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
  • the harmonic radio frequency identification system consists of a PC terminal, reader, tag and antenna, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the PC terminal is responsible for data processing and label management;
  • the reader transmits a carrier frequency of 3 ⁇ 4 and the receiving carrier frequency is 2, and the reader sensitivity can be made high due to the transceiving of the inter-frequency;
  • the workflow of the radio frequency identification system of the present invention is as follows:
  • the reader transmits a carrier of frequency to the tag, and the tag rectifies the RF signal to obtain the energy required for the tag and stores it;
  • the reader transmits an instruction to the tag with a frequency of , the tag demodulates and decodes the instruction, and the harmonic generation module changes the carrier ⁇ to obtain 2f. ;
  • the reader receives a return signal of carrier 2 for demodulation and decoding
  • the reader interacts with the PC terminal for data interaction, and the PC terminal manages the tag data.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于自动识别技术领域，具体为一种射频识别系统。该射频识别系统由PC机终端、阅读器、阅读器天线、标签天线和标签芯片组成，其中，阅读器的接收、发射模块的本征频率不同，设阅读器发射载波频率为f 0 ，则标签反向散射载波频率为F(f 0 )，F表示某种函数关系。标签对阅读器发射载波进行简单变换得到频率不同的载波以进行反向散射调制。本发明可以大幅度减小射频识别系统的自干扰和多径干扰，从而提高阅读器及射频识别系统的灵敏度。

Description

一种谐波射频识别系统 技术领域
本发明属于自动识别技术领域， 具体涉及一种谐波射频识别系统。 背景技术
射频识别技术， 通常又称为电子标签， 是一种通过无线电信号来识别特定目标 并读写相关数据的通讯技术。 射频识别具有低成本、 非接触、 快速通信、 加密性能 好的优势， 在物流、 仓储、 收费、 门禁、 数据录入等领域得到了广泛的应用。
一个典型的射频识别系统由 PC终端、阅读器和标签组成， 阅读器与标签之间通 过天线进行信息和能量的无线传递。 阅读器发射带有调制数据的电磁波至标签， 标 签处理信号后通过一定的反射机制返回信号， 实现阅读器与标签的通信。 PC终端 对阅读器收到的信息进行存储和处理， 通过数据库管理和软件平台， 实现对标签信 息的管理。
射频识别有多种分类方式， 例如按工作频段可以分为低频、 高频、 超高频、 微 波； 根据供电方式可以分为无源、 半有源、 有源。 无源射频识别标签是指标签内部 没有电池， 内部电路工作所需能量靠接收外来电磁波获取， 因其体积小、 成本低、 寿命长而广泛应用。 无源标签和半有源标签至阅读器的信息传递通过反向散射阅读 器发射的电磁波来实现， 称为反向散射调制。
射频识别系统最重要的性能指标是灵敏度，包括阅读器接收灵敏度和标签灵敏 度， 二者共同决定了射频识别系统的灵敏度。 阅读器接收灵敏度是指阅读器能够有 效检测的最小的标签返回信号强度，标签灵敏度是指标签可以正常工作的最小的输 入射频功率。 随着标签整流效率的提高和低功耗技术的发展， 标签灵敏度越来越高 ； 而阅读器接收灵敏度对系统的瓶颈效应日益显现。 在传统射频识别系统中， 标签 反向散射的载波与阅读器发射载波同频率， 阅读器自干扰和多径干扰很严重， 限制 了阅读器接收灵敏度的提高。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种射频识别系统， 以减小阅读器的自干扰和多径干扰 问题， 从而提高阅读器及射频识别系统的灵敏度。 传统射频识别系统中， 下行链路 （阅读器到标签） 和上行链路 （标签到阅读器 ) 的载波频率相同， 也就是阅读器发射和接收的载波频率相同。 阅读器发射和接收 模块的隔离度有限， 发射模块到接收模块的载波泄漏会限制其接收灵敏度， 这就是 自干扰； 阅读器发射载波强度较大， 经过环境的各种反射后有一部分会回到阅读器 接收模块， 这就是多径干扰； 传统射频识别系统的自干扰和多径干扰严重限制了阅 读器接收灵敏度的提高。 本发明提出 "谐波射频识别"或者叫 "异频射频识别" ， 基本思想就是下行链路和上行链路的载波频率不同， 并且上行载波是下行载波经过 简单变化得到的 （这是从低功耗和方便解调角度考虑） 。 只要上行和下行链路载波 频率互异， 阅读器的自干扰和多径干扰就可以大幅减小， 从而提升阅读器及系统的 灵敏度。 也就是设阅读器发射载波频率为 f。， 则标签反向散射载波频率为 )， F 表示某种函数关系。
从标签低功耗和阅读器方便解调角度考虑， 上行载波频率与下行载波频率应存 在较为简单的对应关系，比如谐波、分频、相干波等。标签反向散射的载波频率 F(f。) 通常可以由专门模块来产生 （对 ^的变换） ， 也可以从传统标签结构产生的信号中 提取。
本发明的谐波射频识别系统结构： 谐波射频识别系统由传统射频识别系统发展 而来， 仍然由 PC机终端 1、 阅读器 2、 阅读器天线 3、 标签天线 4和标签芯片 5连 接组成， 如附图 1所示。 与传统射频识别系统的区别在于阅读器收、 发模块的本征 频率不同， 标签需要产生或者获取^( )的模块。 其中， PC机终端 1负责数据的处 理和管理； 阅读器 2负责发射指令和载波并接收解调标签返回指令； 标签芯片 5从 阅读器 2发射载波中获取能量以供给标签芯片工作， 解调阅读器指令， 并做相应处 理后返回指令或数据； 阅读器天线 3、 标签天线 4是阅读器与标签传递信号和能量 的通道， 负责无线电的传递。
本发明中， 射频识别系统反向散射示意如图 2所示。 标签芯片 5包括： 标签基 带 6， 第一标签等效阻抗 7， 第二标签等效阻抗 8， 控制信号 9。 阅读器 2发射信号 10， 标签 5返回信号 11。
本发明所述的谐波射频识别系统， 其标签反向散射载波为阅读器发射载波的谐 波。
本发明所述的谐波射频识别系统， 其标签反向散射载波为阅读器发射载波的分 频率波。 本发明所述的谐波射频识别系统， 其标签反向散射载波为阅读器发射载波的相 干波。
本发明所述的谐波射频识别系统， 其射频识别系统可以工作在全双工模式。 本发明所述的谐波射频识别系统的工作流程如下：
( 1 ) 阅读器向标签发射频率为 f。的载波， 标签对射频信号进行整流得到标签 所需的能量并进行存储；
( 2 ) 阅读器向标签发射频率为 f。的指令， 标签对指令进行解调和解码， 并对 载波 进行变化得到 ， 或者标签自己产生 )；
( 3 ) F(fs)在标签基带的控制下进行调制， 然后经天线反向散射之阅读器；
(4) 阅读器接收载波为 F(ffl)的返回信号， 进行解调和解码；
( 5 ) 阅读器与 PC终端进行数据交互， PC终端对标签数据进行管理。
如果标签产生 不依赖于连续的^载波，也就是阅读器发射指令的同时标签 可以产生并调制 )， 则系统可以工作在全双工的模式。
本发明的优势： 大幅减小了阅读器自干扰和多径干扰对其接收灵敏度的限制， 射频识别系统灵敏度得以提高。 另外， 系统可能工作于全双工模式， 提高系统工作 速度。 附图说明
图 1为射频识别系统结构示意图。
图 2为射频识别系统反向散射示意图。
图 3为谐波射频识别系统结构示意图。
其中： 1-PC机终端， 2-阅读器， 3-阅读器天线， 4-标签天线， 5-标签芯片， 6-标签基带， 7-第一标签等效阻抗， 8-第二标签等效阻抗， 9-控制信号， 10-阅读 器发射信号， 11-标签返回信号。 具体实施方式
本发明的基本思想是标签反向散射载波频率与阅读器发射载波频率不同， 并且 标签反向散射载波是通过对阅读器发射载波进行简单变换得到。 下面结合附图和实 施例对本发明作进一步说明。 实施例
为了更详细的说明本发明的内容， 这里以上行载波为下行载波的二次谐波为例 进行说明。 本领域的技术人员皆知， 此仅为一举例， 并非用来限制本发明的范围。
谐波射频识别系统由 PC机终端、 阅读器、 标签和天线组成， 如附图 3所示。 PC终端负责数据处理和标签管理；
阅读器发射载波频率为 ¾， 接收载波频率为 2 ， 由于收发异频， 阅读器灵敏 度可以做得很高；
本发明的射频识别系统的工作流程如下：
( 1 ) 阅读器向标签发射频率为 的载波， 标签对射频信号进行整流得到标签 所需的能量并进行存储；
( 2 ) 阅读器向标签发射频率为 的指令， 标签对指令进行解调和解码， 谐波 产生模块对载波^进行变化得到 2f。；
( 3 ) 2 在标签基带的控制下进行调制， 然后经天线反向散射之阅读器；
(4) 阅读器接收载波为 2 的返回信号， 进行解调和解码；
( 5 ) 阅读器与 PC终端进行数据交互， PC终端对标签数据进行管理。
以上结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作了说明， 但这些说明不能被理解为 限制了本发明的范围， 本发明的保护范围由随附的权利要求书限定， 任何在本发明 权利要求基础上的改动都是本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种射频识别系统， 由 PC机终端 1、 阅读器 2、 阅读器天线 3、 标签天线 4 和标签芯片 5组成， 其特征在于： 阅读器 2的接收、 发射模块的本征频率不同， 其 中：
PC机终端 1负责数据的处理和管理； 阅读器 2负责发射指令和载波并接收解调 标签返回指令；标签芯片 5从阅读器 2发射载波中获取能量以供给标签芯片 5工作， 解调阅读器指令， 并做相应处理后返回指令或数据； 阅读器天线 3、 标签天线 4是 阅读器与标签传递信号和能量的通道， 负责无线电的传递； 阅读器发射载波频率为 ^ 标签反向散射载波频率为 F表示某种函数关 系。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的谐波射频识别系统， 其特征在于： 标签反向散射载波 为阅读器发射载波的谐波。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的谐波射频识别系统， 其特征在于： 标签反向散射载波 为阅读器发射载波的分频率波。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的谐波射频识别系统， 其特征在于： 标签反向散射载波 为阅读器发射载波的相干波。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的谐波射频识别系统， 其特征在于： 射频识别系统工作 在全双工模式。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的谐波射频识别系统的工作流程如下：
( 1 )阅读器向标签发射频率为¾的载波， 标签对射频信号进行整流得到标签所 需的能量并进行存储；
( 2 )阅读器向标签发射载波频率为 4的指令， 标签对指令进行解调和解码， 并 对载波 进行变化得到 F(f。）， 或者标签自己产生 ； (3) F¾)在标签基带的控制下进行调制， 然后经天线反向散射之阅读器;
(4) 阅读器接收载波为 Fft 的返回信号， 进行解调和解码；
(5) 阅读器与 PC终端进行数据交互， PC终端对标签数据进行管理。
PCT/CN2013/087896 2013-04-23 2013-11-27 一种谐波射频识别系统 Ceased WO2014173124A1 (zh)

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