WO2014156094A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014156094A1 WO2014156094A1 PCT/JP2014/001625 JP2014001625W WO2014156094A1 WO 2014156094 A1 WO2014156094 A1 WO 2014156094A1 JP 2014001625 W JP2014001625 W JP 2014001625W WO 2014156094 A1 WO2014156094 A1 WO 2014156094A1
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- rare earth
- earth element
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- secondary battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- nickel-hydrogen storage batteries have been widely used as power sources for such applications, but the use of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries as higher-capacity and high-output power sources has been studied.
- power sources such as electric tools, EVs, HEVs, and PHEVs not only have a high capacity and a high output, but also require a power source that has little change in internal resistance due to long-term use.
- an oxide of a rare earth element such as Gd is present on the surface of a positive electrode active material particle capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and constant voltage continuous at a high potential. It has been proposed to suppress an increase in charge current during charge (float charge) storage, that is, to suppress a reaction between the non-aqueous electrolyte and the positive electrode active material.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium secondary batteries have a higher energy density than other secondary batteries, ensuring safety is also more important.
- excess lithium is extracted from the positive electrode and excessive lithium is inserted in the negative electrode, so that both the positive and negative electrodes are thermally unstable.
- an abrupt exothermic reaction between the positive electrode or negative electrode and the non-aqueous electrolyte occurs, the battery generates heat, and the safety of the battery may be reduced.
- Patent Document 2 a small amount of an aromatic compound is added as an additive to the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the aromatic compound is allowed to react when the battery voltage exceeds the maximum operating voltage of the battery during charging. It has been proposed to protect the battery by consuming an overcharge current by generating gas and forming a polymer on the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- Patent Document 1 As disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, even when a rare earth element oxide such as Gd is present on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles, the increase in internal resistance after storage at constant voltage is still large, and constant It was insufficient from the viewpoint of maintaining the output after the voltage was continuously charged.
- the aromatic compound disclosed in Patent Document 2 when the aromatic compound disclosed in Patent Document 2 is added, the safety during overcharge is improved, while the discharge capacity retention rate after storage is reduced as shown in Table 1, that is, charging There was a problem that storage characteristics deteriorated.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material including a lithium-containing transition metal oxide having a rare earth element compound attached to a surface thereof, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is 4.2 to 5.0 V vs.
- An aromatic compound having an oxidative decomposition potential is included in the range of Li / Li + .
- nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of one aspect of the present invention an increase in internal resistance after constant voltage storage is suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery common to each experimental example, cut in the vertical direction.
- a positive electrode active material composed of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide with erbium oxyhydroxide attached to the surface prepared as described above, 5 parts by mass of carbon black as a conductive agent, and as a binder
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- This negative electrode mixture slurry is applied to both sides of a copper foil (thickness 10 ⁇ m) as a negative electrode current collector to form a negative electrode mixture layer on both sides of the negative electrode current collector, dried, and then rolled using a compression roller. did.
- a negative electrode tab made of a copper-nickel clad material was attached to the negative electrode core exposed portion by welding to prepare a negative electrode plate.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery The positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared as described above are wound so as to face each other through a polyethylene separator, and a wound electrode body is manufactured. In a dry box under an argon atmosphere, this wound electrode body is A cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to Experimental Example 1 was fabricated by enclosing the battery can together with the electrolytic solution. A specific assembly process and a specific configuration of the produced cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery will be described later.
- Example 2 the nonaqueous electrolytic solution was the same as Experimental Example 1 except that 3-phenylpropyl acetate (PPA) was added to the nonaqueous electrolytic solution in Experimental Example 1 instead of CHB as the aromatic compound.
- PPA 3-phenylpropyl acetate
- a potential scanning test was conducted in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, and the oxidative decomposition potential of PPA was about 4.8 V vs. It was confirmed that Li / Li + .
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which concerns on Experimental example 2 was produced like the experimental example 1 except having used the said electrolyte solution.
- Experimental Example 4 is the same as Experimental Example 1 except that the positive electrode plate in Experimental Example 1 was prepared by using erbium oxyhydroxide not adhered to the surface of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide as the positive electrode active material. Thus, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to Experimental Example 4 was produced.
- Experimental Example 5 is the same as Experimental Example 2 except that the positive electrode plate in Experimental Example 2 was prepared by using erbium oxyhydroxide not adhered to the surface of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide as the positive electrode active material. Thus, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to Experimental Example 5 was produced.
- Cylindrical non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 common to Experimental Examples 1 to 5 having such a configuration is 18650 size (diameter 18 mm, length 65 mm), charge end voltage: 4.2 V, discharge end voltage : The rated capacity at 2.5 V is 1300 mAh.
- each of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries of Experimental Examples 1 to 5 was left in a constant temperature bath at 60 ° C. for 3 hours, and then charged at a constant current until the battery voltage reached 4.2 V at a charging current of 450 mA. After reaching 4.2V, charging was continued for 24 hours at a constant voltage of 4.2V. Thereafter, each of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries of Experimental Examples 1 to 5 was discharged at a constant current of 450 mA until the battery voltage reached 2.5 V, cooled to room temperature, and then subjected to a four-terminal method with an alternating current of 1 kHz. It was used to measure the internal resistance of the battery after constant voltage storage. From the measured values obtained above, the increase in internal resistance before and after constant voltage continuous charge storage of the batteries of Experimental Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5 was calculated, and the internal resistance increase of the battery of Experimental Example 3 was 100%. As a relative value. The results are summarized in Table 1.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to Experimental Examples 1 and 2 has a suppressed increase in internal resistance after constant-voltage continuous charge storage compared to the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to Experimental Example 3.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of Experimental Example 3 uses only the positive electrode in which the non-aqueous electrolyte does not have CHB or PPA, and a rare earth element compound is attached to the surface of the positive electrode active material particles.
- the decomposition reaction of the non-aqueous electrolyte continuously occurs on the surface of the positive electrode active material, so that the internal resistance increases.
- the effect of suppressing the increase in internal resistance after storage at constant voltage is as follows: a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material having a rare earth element compound attached to the surface; It can be seen that this is an effect that is specifically expressed only when used in combination with a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an aromatic compound.
- the rare earth element compound and the aromatic compound adhering to the surface of the positive electrode active material particles react in the initial stage during storage at constant voltage, and the positive electrode active material particles A uniform protective film is formed on the surface.
- the decomposition reaction of the non-aqueous electrolyte during the subsequent constant voltage continuous charge storage is suppressed, so that it is considered that the increase in internal resistance after the constant voltage continuous charge storage is suppressed.
- the rare earth element hydroxide adhering to the surface of the positive electrode active material particles becomes an oxyhydroxide or an oxide upon heat treatment.
- the temperature at which a rare earth element hydroxide or oxyhydroxide becomes stable oxide is 500 ° C. or more.
- the rare earth element compound preferably does not contain a rare earth element oxide.
- the rare earth element compound may include a rare earth element carbonate compound, a rare earth element phosphate compound, and the like.
- Examples of the rare earth element contained in the rare earth element compound include yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, cerium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium. Neodymium, samarium and erbium are preferred. A neodymium compound, a samarium compound, and an erbium compound are preferable because they have a smaller average particle size than other rare earth element compounds and are more easily deposited on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles.
- rare earth element compounds include neodymium hydroxide, neodymium oxyhydroxide, samarium hydroxide, samarium oxyhydroxide, erbium hydroxide, and erbium oxyhydroxide. Further, when lanthanum hydroxide or lanthanum oxyhydroxide is used as the rare earth element compound, lanthanum is less expensive than other rare earth elements, and thus the manufacturing cost of the positive electrode can be reduced.
- the average particle size (D 50 ) of the rare earth element compound is desirably 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less. If the average particle size of the rare earth element compound exceeds 100 nm, the particle size of the rare earth element compound becomes too large with respect to the particle size of the positive electrode active material particle, so that the surface of the positive electrode active material particle is densely formed by the rare earth element compound. It will not be covered. As a result, the area where the positive electrode active material particles and the nonaqueous electrolyte and their reductive decomposition products are in direct contact with each other increases, so that the oxidative decomposition of the nonaqueous electrolyte and its reductive decomposition products increases, and the charge / discharge characteristics deteriorate.
- the average particle diameter of the rare earth element compound is less than 1 nm, the surface of the positive electrode active material particles is too densely covered with the rare earth element compound, so that the lithium ion occlusion and release performance on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles decreases. Thus, the charge / discharge characteristics are deteriorated.
- the average particle size of the rare earth element compound is more preferably 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- an aqueous solution in which a salt of the rare earth element is dissolved is mixed with a solution in which the positive electrode active material particles are dispersed.
- a method of spraying an aqueous solution in which a salt of a rare earth element is dissolved while mixing the positive electrode active material particles and then drying can be employed.
- it is preferable to use a method in which an aqueous solution in which a rare earth salt such as an erbium salt is dissolved is mixed with a solution in which positive electrode active material particles are dispersed.
- the rare earth element compound can be more uniformly dispersed and adhered to the surface of the positive electrode active material particles.
- the pH of the solution in which the positive electrode active material particles are dispersed constant, and in particular, in order to uniformly disperse fine particles of 1 to 100 nm on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles, the pH is set to 6 to It is preferable to restrict to 10. If the pH is less than 6, the transition metal of the positive electrode active material particles may be eluted. On the other hand, if the pH exceeds 10, the rare earth element compound may be segregated.
- the ratio of the rare earth element to the total molar amount of the transition metal in the lithium-containing transition metal oxide as the positive electrode active material is preferably 0.003 mol% or more and 0.25 mol% or less. When this ratio is less than 0.003 mol%, the effect of attaching the rare earth element compound may not be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, when this ratio exceeds 0.25 mol%, lithium on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles Ion permeability is lowered and battery characteristics are lowered.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide as the positive electrode active material preferably contains Li, Ni, and Mn and has a layered structure.
- the Co composition ratio c, the Ni composition ratio a, and the Mn composition ratio b are 0 ⁇ c / (a + b) ⁇ 0.
- the reason why the material satisfying the condition 65 is used is to reduce the material cost of the positive electrode active material by reducing the Co ratio.
- a composition in which the Ni composition ratio a and the Mn composition ratio b satisfy the condition of 1.0 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 3.0 is used.
- a / b exceeds 3.0 and the proportion of Ni increases, the thermal stability of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide decreases, and the temperature at which heat generation peaks is lowered. This is because a disadvantage arises in the battery design for ensuring the above.
- the value of a / b is less than 1.0 and the proportion of Mn is increased, an impurity layer is likely to be generated, and the battery capacity is reduced. Considering this, it is more preferable to satisfy the condition of 1.0 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 2.0, particularly 1.0 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 1.8.
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide represented by the above general formula it is preferable to use the lithium that satisfies the condition of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2 in the composition ratio (1 + x) of Li.
- the condition of 0 ⁇ x is satisfied, the output characteristics of the battery are improved.
- x> 0.2 the alkali component remaining on the surface of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide is increased, and the slurry is easily gelled in the process of producing the battery, and the transition metal that performs the oxidation-reduction reaction The amount decreases and the positive electrode capacity decreases. Considering this, it is more preferable to satisfy the condition of 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.15.
- d in the composition ratio (2 + d) of O satisfies the condition of ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1. This is to prevent the nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide from being in an oxygen deficient state or an oxygen excess state and damaging its crystal structure.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide as the positive electrode active material includes boron (B), fluorine (F), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), vanadium ( V), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), zirconium (Zr), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), sodium (Na) and potassium ( At least one selected from the group consisting of K) may be included.
- the aromatic compound usually has an oxidative decomposition potential of 4.2 to 5.0 V vs. Li / Li + , preferably 4.4 to 4.9 V vs. It is preferable to use Li / Li + .
- the oxidative decomposition potential is a potential at which an oxidation current starts to increase rapidly (abrupt oxidative decomposition occurs) when a potential scanning test is performed at 25 ° C. using a platinum electrode as a working electrode. If the oxidative decomposition potential is too high with respect to the potential of the positive electrode in the fully charged state of the battery, the effect of preventing overcharge is reduced. Conversely, if the potential is too low, battery characteristics may be significantly deteriorated when the battery is used under normal conditions.
- the aromatic compound may contain an aromatic compound other than cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) and 3-phenylpropyl acetate (PPA).
- aromatic compounds include aromatic compounds used as conventionally known overcharge inhibitors.
- Specific examples of other aromatic compounds include biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl such as 2-methylbiphenyl, terphenyl, partially hydrogenated terphenyl, naphthalene, toluene, anisole, cyclopentylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amyl.
- Benzene derivatives such as benzene, phenyl ether derivatives such as phenylpropionate, and halides thereof, and halogenated benzenes such as fluorobenzene and chlorobenzene can be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of these aromatic compounds is preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less of the whole non-aqueous solvent. If this content is too high, it will adversely affect the battery characteristics, such as reduced conductivity of the electrolyte and reduced oxidation resistance. Conversely, if the content is too low, it will have a sufficient effect of suppressing the increase in internal resistance after constant voltage storage. Not expressed in
- the negative electrode active material used for the negative electrode is not particularly limited as long as it can reversibly occlude and release lithium.
- a carbon material or a metal alloyed with lithium Alternatively, an alloy material, a metal oxide, or the like can be used.
- a carbon material for the negative electrode active material For example, natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber (MCF), mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), coke, hard carbon , Fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and the like can be used.
- MCF mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber
- MCMB mesocarbon microbeads
- coke hard carbon
- Fullerenes carbon nanotubes, and the like
- nonaqueous solvent in the nonaqueous electrolyte examples include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC); fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and the like.
- cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC); fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and the like.
- Fluorinated cyclic carbonates lactones (cyclic carboxylates) such as ⁇ -butyrolactone ( ⁇ -BL) and ⁇ -valerolactone ( ⁇ -VL); dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), Chain carbonates such as diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), dibutyl carbonate (DBC); fluorination such as fluorinated methyl methyl propionate (FMP), fluorinated ethyl methyl carbonate (F-EMC) Chain carbonate esters; chain carboxylates such as methyl pivalate, ethyl pivalate, methyl isobutyrate, and methyl propionate; amide compounds such as N, N′-dimethylformamide and N-methyloxazolidinone; sulfolane Sulfur compounds such as: normal temperature molten salts such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium t
- a lithium salt generally used as an electrolyte salt in a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be used.
- lithium salt include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 4 F 9 SO 2 ), LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiC (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 3 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , Li 2 B 10 Cl 10 , Li 2 B 12 Cl 12 or the like can be used singly or as a mixture of plural kinds thereof.
- LiPF 6 is preferably used in order to enhance the high rate charge / discharge characteristics and durability of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Moreover, in addition to LiPF 6 , you may further contain lithium salts (LiBOB etc.) which make an oxalate complex an anion.
- LiPF 6 lithium salts (LiBOB etc.) which make an oxalate complex an anion.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- AdpCN adiponitrile
- VEC vinyl ethyl carbonate
- SECAH succinic anhydride
- MAAH maleic anhydride
- glycolic acid as a compound for stabilizing electrodes.
- Anhydride, ethylene sulfite (ES), divinyl sulfone (VS), vinyl acetate (VA), vinyl pivalate (VP), catechol carbonate, or the like may be added. Two or more of these compounds may be appropriately mixed and used.
- the separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode prevents a short circuit due to contact between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and impregnates the non-aqueous electrolyte
- the material is not particularly limited as long as the material can obtain ion conductivity.
- a polypropylene or polyethylene separator, a polypropylene-polyethylene multilayer separator, or the like can be used.
- the flat non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to one aspect of the present invention is applied to, for example, a driving power source of a mobile information terminal such as a mobile phone, a notebook computer, a tablet personal computer, and the like, particularly in applications where high energy density is required. Can do. In addition, it can be expected to be used for high output applications such as electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV, PHEV) and electric tools.
- EV electric vehicles
- HEV hybrid electric vehicles
- PHEV PHEV
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Abstract
Description
以下に本発明の実験例1に係る非水電解質二次電池の具体的製造方法について説明する。
〔正極板の作製〕
共沈法により作製した[Ni0.35Mn0.30Co0.35](OH)2とLi2CO3とを所定比で混合した後、900℃で加熱することでLi1.06Ni0.33Mn0.28Co0.33O2で表されるリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物を得た。このリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物粒子1000gを3リットルの純水に投入して撹拌した。次に、これに硝酸エルビウム5水和物4.58gを溶解した溶液を加えた。この際、10質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を適宜加え、リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物を含む溶液のpHが9となるように調整した。次いで、吸引濾過、水洗した後、大気中300℃で5時間熱処理して得られた粉末を乾燥し、表面にオキシ水酸化エルビウムが均一に付着したリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物を得た。上記オキシ水酸化エルビウムの付着量は、エルビウム元素換算で、上記リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物の遷移金属の総モル量に対して、0.1モル%であった。
負極板13は次のようにして作製した。負極活物質としては黒鉛粉末を用いた。増粘剤としてのCMC(カルボキシメチルセルロース)を水に溶解した溶液に黒鉛粉末を投入し、撹拌混合した後、バインダーであるスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)(スチレン:ブタジエン=1:1)を混合して負極合剤スラリーを調製した。黒鉛、CMC及びSBRの質量比は、98:1:1とした。この負極合剤スラリーを負極集電体としての銅箔(厚さ10μm)の両面に塗布して負極集電体の両面に負極合剤層を形成し、乾燥した後、圧縮ローラーを用いて圧延した。次いで、負極芯体露出部に銅-ニッケルクラッド材からなる負極タブを溶接により取付け、負極板を作製した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)、メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)をそれぞれ体積比で30:30:40となるように混合したものを溶媒とした。このように調製した溶媒に支持塩としてのLiPF6を1mol/Lとなるように溶解させ、さらにLiBOBを0.1mol/Lとなるように溶解させた。その後ビニレンカーボネートを1質量%添加し、さらに芳香族化合物としてシクロヘキシルベンゼン(CHB)を4質量%添加して非水電解液を作製した。ここで、白金電極を作用極とし、参照極、対極をLi金属とした電気化学セルを用いて25℃で評価した上記電解液の電位走査試験によって、約4.65V vs.Li/Li+から酸化分解電流が急激に増加し始め、CHBの酸化分解電位が約4.65V vs.Li/Li+であることを確認した。なお、CHBを添加させない場合(後述する実験例3に用いた非水電解液に相当する)は、5V vs.Li/Li+程度まで電位を上げても急激な酸化分解電流の増加は認められなかった。
上記のようにして作製した正極および負極を、ポリエチレン製のセパレータを介して対向するように巻き取って巻回電極体を作製し、アルゴン雰囲気下のドライボックス中にて、この巻回電極体を電解液とともに電池缶に封入することにより、実験例1に係る円筒形非水電解質二次電池を作製した。なお、作製した円筒形非水電解質二次電池の具体的な組み立て工程及びその具体的な構成については後述する。
実験例2においては、実験例1における非水電解液において、芳香族化合物としてCHBに換えて酢酸-3-フェニルプロピル(PPA)を添加したこと以外は実験例1と同様にして非水電解液を作製した。また、実験例1と同様にして電位走査試験を行い、PPAの酸化分解電位が約4.8V vs.Li/Li+であることを確認した。そして、上記電解液を用いたこと以外は実験例1と同様にして、実験例2に係る非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
実験例3においては、実験例1における非水電解液において、芳香族化合物を添加しないこと以外は実験例1と同様にして、実験例3に係る非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
実験例4においては、実験例1における正極板において、正極活物質としてのリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物の表面にオキシ水酸化エルビウムを付着させなかったものを用いたこと以外は実験例1と同様にして、実験例4に係る非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
実験例5においては、実験例2における正極板において、正極活物質としてのリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物の表面にオキシ水酸化エルビウムを付着させなかったものを用いたこと以外は実験例2と同様にして実験例5に係る非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
ここで、実験例1~5に共通する円筒形非水電解液二次電池10の構成について、図1を用いて説明する。この円筒形非水電解質二次電池10では、正極11と負極12とがセパレータ13を介して巻回された巻回電極体14が用いられている。この巻回電極体14の上下にはそれぞれ絶縁板15及び16が配置されており、巻回電極体14が負極端子を兼ねるスチール製の円筒形の電池外装缶17の内部に収容されている。負極12の負極集電タブ12aは電池外装缶17の内側底部に溶接されているとともに、正極11の正極集電タブ11aは安全装置が組み込まれた電流遮断封口体18の底板部に溶接されている。
上述のようにして作製された実験例1~5の各非水電解質二次電池について、以下のようにして定電圧連続充電保存前後の内部抵抗の増加量を測定した。まず、作製直後の実験例1~5の各非水電解質二次電池について、室温下において、1khzの交流で4端子法を用いて定電圧連続充電保存前の電池の内部抵抗を計測した。
そして、上記で得られた測定値から、実験例1、2、4、5の電池の定電圧連続充電保存前後の内部抵抗の増加量を、実験例3の電池の内部抵抗増加量を100%として相対値で求めた。結果を纏めて表1に示した。
11…正極
11a…正極集電タブ
12…負極
12a…負極集電タブ
13…セパレータ
14…巻回電極体
15…絶縁板
17…電池外装缶
18…電流遮断封口体
19…ガスケット
Claims (8)
- 表面に希土類元素の化合物が付着したリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を含む正極活物質を有する正極と、負極と、非水電解液とを備え、
前記非水電解液は、4.2~5.0V vs.Li/Li+の範囲内に酸化分解電位を有する芳香族化合物を含む、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記希土類元素の化合物は、希土類元素の水酸化物、希土類元素のオキシ水酸化物又は希土類元素の酸化物である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記希土類元素は、ネオジム、サマリウム又はエルビウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記芳香族化合物は、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、酢酸-3-フェニルプロピル、フェニルプロピオネート、ビフェニル、2-メチルビフェニル、ターフェニル、ターフェニルの部分水素化体、ナフタレン、アニソール、シクロペンチルベンゼン、トルエン、t-ブチルベンゼン、t-アミルベンゼン及びこれらのハロゲン化物、フロオロベンゼン、クロロベンゼンから選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1~3の何れかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記芳香族化合物は、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、酢酸-3-フェニルプロピルから選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項4に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記芳香族化合物の含有量は、非水溶媒全体の0.5質量%以上10質量%以下である、請求項1~5の何れかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物は、Li、Ni及びMnを含み、層状構造を有するものである、請求項1~6の何れかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物は、一般式Li1+xNiaMnbCocO2+d(式中、x,a,b,c,dは、x+a+b+c=1、0<x≦0.2、a≧b、a≧c、0<c/(a+b)<0.65、1.0≦a/b≦3.0、-0.1≦d≦0.1の条件を満たす)で表される化合物である、請求項1~7の何れかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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