WO2014153936A1 - 一种自适应负荷型配电变压器 - Google Patents

一种自适应负荷型配电变压器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014153936A1
WO2014153936A1 PCT/CN2013/084493 CN2013084493W WO2014153936A1 WO 2014153936 A1 WO2014153936 A1 WO 2014153936A1 CN 2013084493 W CN2013084493 W CN 2013084493W WO 2014153936 A1 WO2014153936 A1 WO 2014153936A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
load
voltage
phase
unit
distribution transformer
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PCT/CN2013/084493
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王金丽
盛万兴
方恒福
王金宇
梁英
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication of WO2014153936A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014153936A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P13/00—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P13/06—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of power distribution equipment energy saving, and particularly relates to an adaptive load type power distribution transformer. Background technique
  • the distribution transformers are overloaded and the supply voltage is low.
  • the load distribution of the distribution transformers is low during other periods when the power load is lighter. No-load loss is large.
  • Some distribution transformers with unloaded voltage regulation function are limited by factors such as the technical level and heavy work of daily operation and maintenance personnel, and fail to give full play to the voltage regulation function of the distribution transformer.
  • the adaptive load distribution transformer can overcome the inherent defects of the above similar products, and can realize the automatic adjustment of the distribution transformer tap and capacity according to the actual situation of the system voltage and load and the online load phase modulation without cutting off the load.
  • the radio zone operates economically and efficiently, and solves the effective way of high line loss rate and low voltage pass rate of China's agricultural network, which will have better application before
  • the present invention provides an adaptive load distribution transformer, which operates data in real time through voltage, current, active power, reactive power, power factor, and three-phase load imbalance of the transformer. , and the gear position information of the on-load capacity-adjusting switchgear, the on-load tap-changer device, and the real-time acquisition of the device status information of the online load phase modulation device and the split-phase reactive power compensation device, through comprehensive analysis and judgment of the decision-making module for comprehensive analysis Judging, forming a corresponding control strategy, and implementing corresponding control operations.
  • the realization of the economic operation mode selection, voltage regulation, three-phase load unbalance control and reactive local balance in the distribution state of the distribution transformer greatly improves the intelligent level of the distribution transformer and the adaptive ability to the load.
  • the transformer comprises a distribution transformer body unit, an on-load capacity-adjusting and pressure-regulating integrated unit, an auxiliary equipment unit and an integrated control unit; the distribution transformer body unit and the on-load adjustment
  • the volume regulating and pressure integration unit is unidirectionally connected, and the on-load capacity adjustment and pressure integration unit and the auxiliary equipment unit are bidirectionally connected to the integrated control unit.
  • the distribution transformer body unit comprises a high voltage winding coil and a low voltage winding coil; the high voltage winding coil and the low voltage winding coil respectively realize conversion of the transformer size capacity mode by star-angle coupling transformation and series-parallel conversion, and have voltage
  • the high-voltage winding coil of the tapping tap supports the upper and lower load switches of the voltage tap.
  • the integrated load regulating and pressure regulating integrated unit comprises a driving motor, an on-load capacity-adjusting switch device and an on-load tap change switch device;
  • the drive motor drives an on-load capacity-adjusting switch device to operate, so that the high-voltage winding coil realizes a star-angle The conversion and the low-voltage winding coil realize the series-parallel conversion, thereby realizing the conversion of the transformer size capacity mode;
  • the driving motor drives the operation of the on-load voltage regulating switch device to switch between the different voltage taps of the high voltage winding coil.
  • the accessory device unit includes an online load phase modulation device and a phase split reactive power compensation device;
  • the online load phase modulation equipment is analyzed, judged and controlled by the integrated control unit, and the load is switched between phases in the load condition, so that the three-phase load balance of the low-voltage side outlets A, B and C of the distribution transformer is balanced. Distribution, at the same time reduce the line loss caused by three-phase load imbalance, improve the power supply quality
  • the phase separation reactive power compensation equipment through the analysis, decision judgment and control of the integrated control unit, according to the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer, B, C three-phase Reactive power demand, phase separation reactive compensation, making transformer phase Reactive power balance, while reducing the operating loss of the transformer and the upper line, improving the quality of power supply.
  • the integrated control unit includes a data state information collection module, a comprehensive analysis judgment decision module, and an output control module;
  • the data state information collection module collects operation data of the transformer, gear position information of the integrated capacity adjustment and pressure regulation unit, and device state information of the accessory equipment unit, and provides the collected information to the comprehensive analysis and judgment.
  • the decision module performs comprehensive analysis and judgment, and forms a corresponding control strategy to be provided to the output control module, and the output control module outputs the control strategy to the corresponding unit.
  • the gear position information includes capacity gear position information of the on-load capacity modulation switch device and voltage tap gear position information of the on-load tap change switch device;
  • the device state information includes device state information and phase separation of the online load phase modulation device Device status information of the reactive power compensation device.
  • the control strategy includes an on-load capacity control strategy, an on-load voltage regulation control strategy, an online load phase modulation control strategy, and a split-phase reactive power compensation control strategy;
  • the output control unit outputs the on-load capacity adjustment control strategy and the on-load voltage regulation control strategy to the on-load capacity adjustment and pressure integration unit, and outputs the online load phase modulation control strategy and the phase separation reactive power compensation control strategy to the supporting device. unit.
  • the output control module includes an online load phase modulation control unit, an on-load capacity adjustment control unit, a phase split reactive compensation control unit, and an on-load voltage regulation control unit.
  • the online load phase modulation control unit controls the online load phase modulation device to realize the transfer of the load between the phases under load, so that the B and C three-phase load balance is distributed;
  • the on-load capacity control unit controls the drive The motor drives the action of the on-load capacity-adjusting switch device to realize the conversion of the size and capacity mode under the condition of the transformer under load, and completes the adjustment of the rated capacity;
  • the phase-phase reactive power compensation control unit controls the phase-phase reactive power compensation device to make the transformer Each phase is reactively balanced on the ground;
  • the on-load voltage regulation control unit controls the driving motor to drive the on-load voltage regulating switch device to realize the switching of different voltage tapping positions under the condition of the transformer under load, and complete the voltage adjustment.
  • the invention is closely combined with the characteristics of seasonal and periodic load and peak-to-valley difference in rural distribution area of China.
  • the integrated application of on-load capacity adjustment technology and on-load voltage regulation technology is driven by a single motor.
  • the integrated design of the adjustable capacity switch and the on-load tap changer realizes compact structure and reduces manufacturing cost;
  • the on-load capacity adjustment switch and the on-load voltage regulation switch are designed through the parallel transition resistance circuit to realize the continuity of the low-voltage power supply during the large- and small-capacity mode conversion and voltage tap adjustment of the distribution transformer, and improve the reliability of the power supply. Improved power quality;
  • the distribution transformer provided by the invention has the functions of load-adjusting capacity, on-load voltage regulation, on-line load phase modulation and phase-phase reactive power compensation, and realizes economic operation mode selection and voltage under the load state of the distribution transformer. Regulation, three-phase load imbalance management and reactive local balance, greatly improving the intelligence level of the distribution transformer and the ability to adapt to the load;
  • the invention is applicable to a power distribution station area where the peak-to-valley difference is large, the low load rate ( ⁇ 20%) is relatively high, and the voltage fluctuation is frequent.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of an adaptive load distribution transformer
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for connecting a bypass transition resistance branch in a large-capacity mode of an adaptive load distribution transformer
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the method of connecting the shunt transition resistance branch in the small-capacity mode of the adaptive load distribution transformer. detailed description
  • an adaptive load distribution transformer includes a distribution transformer body unit, an on-load capacity adjustment and pressure integration unit, an auxiliary equipment unit, and an integrated control unit.
  • the unidirectional connection is performed with the on-load capacity adjustment and pressure integration unit, and the on-load capacity adjustment and pressure integration unit and the auxiliary equipment unit are bidirectionally connected with the integrated control unit.
  • the distribution transformer body unit comprises a high voltage winding coil and a low voltage winding coil; the high voltage winding coil and the low voltage winding coil respectively realize conversion of the transformer size capacity mode by star-angle coupling transformation and series-parallel conversion, and have voltage
  • the high-voltage winding coil of the tapping tap supports the upper and lower load switches of the voltage tap.
  • the integrated load regulating and pressure regulating integrated unit comprises a driving motor, an on-load capacity-adjusting switch device and an on-load voltage regulation a switching device;
  • the driving motor drives an on-load capacity-adjusting switch device to operate, so that the high-voltage winding coil realizes a star-angle conversion and the low-voltage winding coil realizes a serial-parallel conversion, thereby realizing conversion of a transformer size capacity mode;
  • the operation of the voltage-regulating switch device causes switching between different voltage taps of the high-voltage winding coil.
  • the supporting equipment unit comprises an online load phase modulation device and a phase split reactive power compensation device; the online load phase modulation device passes the analysis, decision judgment and control of the integrated control unit, and the load is in phase load under the load condition Switching and transferring, so that the three-phase load distribution of the low-voltage side outlets of the distribution transformer is balanced, and the line loss caused by the three-phase load imbalance is reduced, and the power supply quality is improved by the integrated control unit.
  • Analysis, decision-making and control according to the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer, B, C three-phase reactive power demand, phase-separated reactive power compensation, so that the transformer phase is reactive and local balance, while reducing the operation of the transformer and the superior line Loss, improve the quality of power supply.
  • the integrated control unit includes a data state information collection module, a comprehensive analysis judgment decision module, and an output control module;
  • the data state information collection module collects operation data of the transformer, gear position information of the integrated capacity adjustment and pressure regulation unit, and device state information of the accessory equipment unit, and provides the collected information to the comprehensive analysis and judgment.
  • the decision module performs comprehensive analysis and judgment, and forms a corresponding control strategy to be provided to the output control module, and the output control module outputs the control strategy to the corresponding unit.
  • the gear position information includes capacity gear position information of the on-load capacity modulation switch device and voltage tap gear position information of the on-load tap change switch device;
  • the device state information includes device state information and phase separation of the online load phase modulation device Device status information of the reactive power compensation device.
  • the control strategy includes an on-load capacity control strategy, an on-load voltage regulation control strategy, an online load phase modulation control strategy, and a split-phase reactive power compensation control strategy;
  • the output control unit outputs the on-load capacity adjustment control strategy and the on-load voltage regulation control strategy to the on-load capacity adjustment and pressure integration unit, and outputs the online load phase modulation control strategy and the phase separation reactive power compensation control strategy to the supporting device. unit.
  • the output control module includes an online load phase modulation control unit, an on-load capacity adjustment control unit, a phase split reactive compensation control unit, and an on-load voltage regulation control unit.
  • the online load phase modulation control unit controls the online load phase modulation device to realize the load condition
  • the load is transferred between phases, so that the B, C and C three-phase load balance is distributed;
  • the on-load capacity control unit controls the drive motor to drive the on-load capacity-adjusting switch device to realize the conversion of the size and capacity mode under the condition of transformer load.
  • the adjustment of the rated capacity is completed;
  • the phase separation reactive power compensation control unit controls the phase separation reactive power compensation device, so that the phases of the transformer are reactively balanced locally;
  • the on-load voltage regulating control unit controls the driving motor to drive
  • the operation of the on-load tap changer device realizes the switching of different voltage tapping positions under the condition of transformer load, and completes the voltage adjustment.
  • the adaptive load distribution transformer is connected in two capacity modes with a parallel transition resistor branch as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
  • A, B, C are the output terminals of the high voltage winding of the transformer;
  • XI, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 are the phase A voltage taps of the high voltage winding of the transformer;
  • Yl, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5, ⁇ 6, ⁇ 7 are Transformer high voltage winding ⁇ phase voltage tapping tap; ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5, ⁇ 6, ⁇ 7 are transformer high voltage winding ⁇ phase voltage tapping tap;
  • Sal, Sbl, Scl are transformer high voltage winding VIII, B, C phase Voltage tapping branch;
  • Sa2, Sb2, Sc2 are transformer A high voltage winding A, B, C phase star angle connection conversion branch;
  • Ral, Rbl, Rcl are respectively high voltage winding eight, B, C phase voltage tapping parallel transition resistance Branch circuit;
  • the low voltage winding of the transformer consists of three parts per phase, namely xa, xlal and x2a2; yb, ylbl and y2b2, zc, zlcl and z2c2; sal, sa2, sa3, sa4, sbl, sb2, sb3, sb4, scU sc2, Sc3, sc2 are transformer low-voltage winding, B, C phase series-parallel conversion branch; ml, ra2, ra3, ra4, rbl, rb2, rb3, rb4, rcl, rc2, rc3, rc4 are transformer low-voltage windings A, B respectively The parallel transition resistance branch of C-phase series-parallel conversion.
  • connection method of the shunt transition resistance branch in the large-capacity mode of the adaptive load distribution transformer is as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the integrated control unit issues a control command to drive the motor to drive the on-load capacity-adjusting switch to make the high-low voltage winding of the adaptive load-type distribution transformer
  • the star connection is converted to a corner connection, and the low voltage windings xlal and x2a2, ylbl and y2b2, zlcl and z2c2 are connected in series to be connected in parallel.
  • connection method of the parallel transition resistance branch in the small-capacity mode of the adaptive load distribution transformer is specifically shown in FIG.
  • the integrated control unit issues a control command to drive the motor to drive the on-load capacity adjustment switch to make the high-low voltage winding of the adaptive load distribution transformer
  • the corner connection is converted to a star connection, and the low voltage windings xlal and x2a2, ylbl and y2b2, zlcl and z2c2 are converted from parallel to series connection.
  • the adaptive load distribution transformer can realize on-load voltage regulation operation in both large-capacity operation mode and small-capacity operation mode.
  • the adjustment range can be ⁇ 3*2.5;
  • the integrated control unit issues a control command to drive the motor to drive the on-load tap changer to achieve fast transition between adjacent voltage taps.

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Abstract

一种自适应负荷型配电变压器，包括配电变压器本体单元、有载调容调压一体化单元、配套设备单元和综合控制单元；配电变压器本体单元与有载调容调压一体化单元单向连接，有载调容调压一体化单元和配套设备单元均与综合控制单元双向连接。通过对变压器实时运行数据，和有载调容开关设备、有载调压开关设备的档位信息，以及在线负荷调相设备和分相无功补偿设备的设备状态信息的实时采集，通过综合分析判断决策模块进行综合分析判断，形成对应控制策略，实施相应控制操作。实现了配电变压器带载状态下的经济运行方式选择、电压调节、三相负荷不平衡治理以及无功就地平衡，极大提升了配电变压器的智能化水平和对负荷的自适应能力。

Description

一种自适应负荷型配电变压器 技术领域
本发明属于配电设备节能技术领域， 具体涉及一种自适应负荷型配电变压 器。 背景技术
随着新一轮农网改造升级工程的深入推进，我国农网的整体水平得到了进一 步提高，但是仍然不能满足近年来农村用电负荷快速发展的需求， 未能全面有效 解决农网线损率高、 电压质量合格率偏低、三相负荷严重不平衡等实际问题。 目 前我国农村 10kV配电变压器的总台数超过了 100万台， 容量的年增长率超过了 10%, 年新增台数超过了 25万台， 这些配电变压器几乎全为常规配电变压器， 不具备自适应负荷功能， 无法满足农村用电负荷周期变化的需求。夏、秋两季农 忙和春节期间外出打工人员返乡等用电集中的时间段，配电变压器过载及供电电 压偏低现象普遍；其他用电负荷较轻的时间段配电变压器负载率低，空载损耗大。 部分具备无载调压功能的配电变压器因日常运行维护人员的技术水平及工作繁 重等因素所限， 未能充分发挥配电变压器应有的调压作用。
目前，农网系统已安装使用的数百台有载调容配电变压器， 仅具有有载调容 功能， 而不具有有载调压和在线负荷调相功能， 不能够充分发挥台区层的自调节 和经济运行潜力； 已安装使用的少量自动调容调压配电变压器， 尽管解决了停电 手动所带来的负面问题，但由于自动调容调压过程中存在短时切断负荷情况， 不 适宜对电能质量较为敏感的配电区域使用； 另外， 该产品的完善性、 可靠性、 稳 定性等技术性能还有待进一步验证。自适应负荷型配电变压器能够克服以上同类 产品的固有缺陷，可在不切断负荷的情况下实现配电变压器分接头和容量根据系 统电压和负荷实际情况自动调整以及在线负荷调相，是保障配电台区经济高效运 行， 解决我国农网线损率高、 电压合格率偏低的有效途径， 将具有较好的应用前
发明内容 为了克服上述现有技术的不足， 本发明提供一种自适应负荷型配电变压器， 通过对变压器的电压、 电流、 有功功率、 无功功率、 功率因数、 三相负荷不平衡 度等实时运行数据， 和有载调容开关设备、有载调压开关设备的档位信息， 以及 在线负荷调相设备和分相无功补偿设备的设备状态信息的实时采集，通过综合分 析判断决策模块进行综合分析判断， 形成对应控制策略， 实施相应控制操作。 实 现了配电变压器带载状态下的经济运行方式选择、 电压调节、三相负荷不平衡治 理以及无功就地平衡，极大提升了配电变压器的智能化水平和对负荷的自适应能 力。
为了实现上述发明目的， 本发明采取如下技术方案：
提供一种自适应负荷型配电变压器， 所述变压器包括配电变压器本体单元、 有载调容调压一体化单元、配套设备单元和综合控制单元； 所述配电变压器本体 单元与有载调容调压一体化单元单向连接，所述有载调容调压一体化单元和配套 设备单元均与所述综合控制单元双向连接。
所述配电变压器本体单元包括高压绕组线圈和低压绕组线圈；所述高压绕组 线圈和低压绕组线圈分别通过星 -角联结变换和串-并联变换实现所述变压器大 小容量方式的转换， 同时具有电压分接抽头的高压绕组线圈支撑电压分接头上、 下带载切换。
所述有载调容调压一体化单元包括驱动电机、有载调容开关设备和有载调压 开关设备； 所述驱动电机驱动有载调容开关设备动作， 使得高压绕组线圈实现星 -角变换以及低压绕组线圈实现串 -并联变换， 进而实现变压器大小容量方式的转 换； 所述驱动电机驱动有载调压开关设备动作， 使得高压绕组线圈不同电压分接 头间的切换。
所述配套设备单元包括在线负荷调相设备和分相无功补偿设备；
所述在线负荷调相设备通过综合控制单元的分析、决策判断与控制， 所述变 压器在带载情况下负荷在相间的切换转移， 使得配电变压器低压侧出线 A、 B、 C三相负荷平衡分配， 同时降低因三相负荷不平衡造成的线路损耗， 改善供电质 所述分相无功补偿设备通过综合控制单元的分析、决策判断与控制， 根据配 电变压器低压侧 、 B、 C三相无功需求， 进行分相无功补偿， 使得变压器各相 无功就地平衡， 同时降低所述变压器及上级线路的运行损耗， 改善供电质量。 所述综合控制单元包括数据状态信息采集模块、综合分析判断决策模块和输 出控制模块；
所述数据状态信息采集模块采集所述变压器的运行数据、有载调容调压一体 化单元的档位信息以及配套设备单元的设备状态信息，并将所采集的信息提供给 所述综合分析判断决策模块进行综合分析与判断，形成对应的控制策略提供给所 述输出控制模块， 所述输出控制模块将控制策略输出至对应单元。
所述档位信息包括有载调容开关设备的容量档位信息和有载调压开关设备 的电压分接档位信息；所述设备状态信息包括在线负荷调相设备的设备状态信息 和分相无功补偿设备的设备状态信息。
所述控制策略包括有载调容控制策略、有载调压控制策略、在线负荷调相控 制策略和分相无功补偿控制策略；
所述输出控制单元将有载调容控制策略和有载调压控制策略输出至有载调 容调压一体化单元，将在线负荷调相控制策略和分相无功补偿控制策略输出至配 套设备单元。
所述输出控制模块包括在线负荷调相控制单元、有载调容控制单元、分相无 功补偿控制单元和有载调压控制单元。
在线负荷调相控制单元对所述在线负荷调相设备进行控制，实现带载情况下 负荷在相间的转移， 使 、 B、 C三相负荷平衡分配； 有载调容控制单元通过控 制所述驱动电机， 带动有载调容开关设备动作， 实现变压器有载情况下大小容量 方式的转换， 完成额定容量的调节； 分相无功补偿控制单元对所述分相无功补偿 设备进行控制，使得变压器各相无功就地平衡； 有载调压控制单元通过控制所述 驱动电机， 带动有载调压开关设备动作， 实现变压器有载情况下不同电压分接档 位的切换， 完成电压的调节。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的有益效果在于：
1. 本发明紧密结合我国农村配电台区具有显著季节性和周期性负荷和峰谷 差大等特点， 集成应用有载调容技术和有载调压技术， 采用单台电机驱动， 有载 调容开关和有载调压开关一体化设计， 实现了结构紧凑化， 降低制造成本；
2. 依据各相无功负荷需求， 通过控制操作分相无功补偿设备， 实现无功分 相补偿； 总体使配电变压器及其所在配电台区处于节能高效的经济运行状态；
3. 有载调容开关和有载调压开关均通过并联过渡电阻电路设计， 实现配电 变压器大、小容量方式转换和电压分接头调整过程中低压供电的连续性， 提高了 供电可靠性， 改善了供电质量；
4. 本发明提供的配电变压器兼具有载调容、 有载调压、 在线负荷调相和分 相无功补偿等功能， 实现了配电变压器带载状态下的经济运行方式选择、 电压调 节、三相负荷不平衡治理以及无功就地平衡， 极大提升了配电变压器的智能化水 平和对负荷的自适应能力；
5. 本发明适用于负荷峰谷差较大， 低负载率（<20% )运行占比较高， 以及 电压波动较为频繁的配电台区。 附图说明
图 1 是自适应负荷型配电变压器结构示意图；
图 2 是自适应负荷型配电变压器大容量方式时带并联过渡电阻支路连接方 法示意图；
图 3 是自适应负荷型配电变压器小容量方式时带并联过渡电阻支路连接方 法示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图 1， 提供一种自适应负荷型配电变压器， 所述变压器包括配电变压器本 体单元、有载调容调压一体化单元、配套设备单元和综合控制单元； 所述配电变 压器本体单元与有载调容调压一体化单元单向连接，所述有载调容调压一体化单 元和配套设备单元均与所述综合控制单元双向连接。
所述配电变压器本体单元包括高压绕组线圈和低压绕组线圈；所述高压绕组 线圈和低压绕组线圈分别通过星 -角联结变换和串-并联变换实现所述变压器大 小容量方式的转换， 同时具有电压分接抽头的高压绕组线圈支撑电压分接头上、 下带载切换。
所述有载调容调压一体化单元包括驱动电机、有载调容开关设备和有载调压 开关设备； 所述驱动电机驱动有载调容开关设备动作， 使得高压绕组线圈实现星 -角变换以及低压绕组线圈实现串 -并联变换， 进而实现变压器大小容量方式的转 换； 所述驱动电机驱动有载调压开关设备动作， 使得高压绕组线圈不同电压分接 头间的切换。
所述配套设备单元包括在线负荷调相设备和分相无功补偿设备； 所述在线负荷调相设备通过综合控制单元的分析、决策判断与控制， 所述变 压器在带载情况下负荷在相间的切换转移， 使得配电变压器低压侧出线 A、 B、 C三相负荷平衡分配， 同时降低因三相负荷不平衡造成的线路损耗， 改善供电质 所述分相无功补偿设备通过综合控制单元的分析、决策判断与控制， 根据配 电变压器低压侧 、 B、 C三相无功需求， 进行分相无功补偿， 使得变压器各相 无功就地平衡， 同时降低所述变压器及上级线路的运行损耗， 改善供电质量。
所述综合控制单元包括数据状态信息采集模块、综合分析判断决策模块和输 出控制模块；
所述数据状态信息采集模块采集所述变压器的运行数据、有载调容调压一体 化单元的档位信息以及配套设备单元的设备状态信息，并将所采集的信息提供给 所述综合分析判断决策模块进行综合分析与判断，形成对应的控制策略提供给所 述输出控制模块， 所述输出控制模块将控制策略输出至对应单元。
所述档位信息包括有载调容开关设备的容量档位信息和有载调压开关设备 的电压分接档位信息；所述设备状态信息包括在线负荷调相设备的设备状态信息 和分相无功补偿设备的设备状态信息。
所述控制策略包括有载调容控制策略、有载调压控制策略、在线负荷调相控 制策略和分相无功补偿控制策略；
所述输出控制单元将有载调容控制策略和有载调压控制策略输出至有载调 容调压一体化单元，将在线负荷调相控制策略和分相无功补偿控制策略输出至配 套设备单元。
所述输出控制模块包括在线负荷调相控制单元、有载调容控制单元、分相无 功补偿控制单元和有载调压控制单元。
在线负荷调相控制单元对所述在线负荷调相设备进行控制，实现带载情况下 负荷在相间的转移， 使 、 B、 C三相负荷平衡分配； 有载调容控制单元通过控 制所述驱动电机， 带动有载调容开关设备动作， 实现变压器有载情况下大小容量 方式的转换， 完成额定容量的调节； 分相无功补偿控制单元对所述分相无功补偿 设备进行控制，使得变压器各相无功就地平衡； 有载调压控制单元通过控制所述 驱动电机， 带动有载调压开关设备动作， 实现变压器有载情况下不同电压分接档 位的切换， 完成电压的调节。
自适应负荷型配电变压器大小两种容量方式时带并联过渡电阻支路的连接 方法如附图 2和附图 3所示。 A、 B、 C为变压器高压绕组出线端； XI、 X2、 X3、 X4、 X5、 X6、 X7为变压器高压绕组 A相电压分接抽头； Yl、 Υ2、 Υ3、 Υ4、 Υ5、 Υ6、 Υ7为变压器高压绕组 Β相电压分接抽头； Ζ1、 Ζ2、 Ζ3、 Ζ4、 Ζ5、 Ζ6、 Ζ7为变压器高压绕组 Β相电压分接抽头； Sal、 Sbl、 Scl分别为变压器高压绕 组八、 B、 C相电压分接支路； Sa2、 Sb2、 Sc2分别为变压器高压绕组 A、 B、 C 相星角连接转换支路； Ral、 Rbl、 Rcl分别为高压绕组八、 B、 C相电压分接并 联过渡电阻支路； Ra2、 Rb2、 Rc2分别为高压绕组 、 B、 C相星角连接转换的 并联过渡电阻支路。 变压器低压绕组每相包括三个部分， 即 xa、 xlal和 x2a2; yb、 ylbl禾口 y2b2、 zc、 zlcl禾口 z2c2; sal、 sa2、 sa3、 sa4、 sbl、 sb2、 sb3、 sb4、 scU sc2 、 sc3、 sc2分别为变压器低压绕组 、 B、 C相串并联转换支路； ml、 ra2、 ra3、 ra4、 rbl、 rb2、 rb3、 rb4、 rcl、 rc2、 rc3、 rc4分别为变压器低压绕组 A、 B、 C相串并联转换的并联过渡电阻支路。
自适应负荷型配电变压器大容量方式时带并联过渡电阻支路的连接方法，具 体如附图 2。 当自适应负荷型配电变压器根据实际负荷监测判断需要以大容量方 式运行时， 由综合控制单元发出控制命令驱动电机带动有载调容开关动作， 使自 适应负荷型配电变压器高低压绕组由星接转换为角接，低压绕组的 xlal和 x2a2、 ylbl和 y2b2、 zlcl和 z2c2由串联变换为并联连接。
自适应负荷型配电变压器小容量方式时带并联过渡电阻支路的连接方法，具 体如附图 3。 当自适应负荷型配电变压器根据实际负荷监测判断需要以小容量方 式运行时， 由综合控制单元发出控制命令驱动电机带动有载调容开关动作， 使自 适应负荷型配电变压器高低压绕组由角接转换为星接，低压绕组的 xlal和 x2a2、 ylbl和 y2b2、 zlcl和 z2c2由并联变换为串联连接。 自适应负荷型配电变压器无论在大容量运行方式还是在小容量运行方式均 可实现有载调压操作，本案例高压侧有 7个电压分接抽头，调节范围可为 ±3*2.5 ; 根据实际电压情况，由综合控制单元发出控制命令驱动电机带动有载调压开关动 作， 实现相邻电压分接间的快速转换。
最后应当说明的是： 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限 制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 所属领域的普通技术人员 应当理解： 依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换， 而未脱离 本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范 围当中。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种自适应负荷型配电变压器， 其特征在于： 所述变压器包括配电变压 器本体单元、有载调容调压一体化单元、配套设备单元和综合控制单元； 所述配 电变压器本体单元与有载调容调压一体化单元单向连接，所述有载调容调压一体 化单元和配套设备单元均与所述综合控制单元双向连接。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的自适应负荷型配电变压器， 其特征在于： 所述配 电变压器本体单元包括高压绕组线圈和低压绕组线圈；所述高压绕组线圈和低压 绕组线圈分别通过星-角联结变换和串 -并联变换实现所述变压器大小容量方式 的转换，同时具有电压分接抽头的高压绕组线圈支撑电压分接头上、下带载切换。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的自适应负荷型配电变压器， 其特征在于： 所述有 载调容调压一体化单元包括驱动电机、 有载调容开关设备和有载调压开关设备； 所述驱动电机驱动有载调容开关设备动作， 使得高压绕组线圈实现星-角变换以 及低压绕组线圈实现串 -并联变换， 进而实现变压器大小容量方式的转换； 所述 驱动电机驱动有载调压开关设备动作，使得高压绕组线圈不同电压分接头间的切 换。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的自适应负荷型配电变压器， 其特征在于： 所述配 套设备单元包括在线负荷调相设备和分相无功补偿设备；
所述在线负荷调相设备通过综合控制单元的分析、决策判断与控制， 所述变 压器在带载情况下负荷在相间的切换转移， 使得配电变压器低压侧出线 A、 B、 C三相负荷平衡分配， 同时降低因三相负荷不平衡造成的线路损耗， 改善供电质 所述分相无功补偿设备通过综合控制单元的分析、决策判断与控制， 根据配 电变压器低压侧 、 B、 C三相无功需求， 进行分相无功补偿， 使得变压器各相 无功就地平衡， 同时降低所述变压器及上级线路的运行损耗， 改善供电质量。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的自适应负荷型配电变压器， 其特征在于： 所述综 合控制单元包括数据状态信息采集模块、 综合分析判断决策模块和输出控制模 块；
所述数据状态信息采集模块采集所述变压器的运行数据、有载调容调压一体 化单元的档位信息以及配套设备单元的设备状态信息，并将所采集的信息提供给 所述综合分析判断决策模块进行综合分析与判断，形成对应的控制策略提供给所 述输出控制模块， 所述输出控制模块将控制策略输出至对应单元。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的自适应负荷型配电变压器， 其特征在于： 所述档 位信息包括有载调容开关设备的容量档位信息和有载调压开关设备的电压分接 档位信息；所述设备状态信息包括在线负荷调相设备的设备状态信息和分相无功 补偿设备的设备状态信息。
7. 根据权利要求 5所述的自适应负荷型配电变压器， 其特征在于： 所述控 制策略包括有载调容控制策略、有载调压控制策略、在线负荷调相控制策略和分 相无功补偿控制策略；
所述输出控制单元将有载调容控制策略和有载调压控制策略输出至有载调 容调压一体化单元，将在线负荷调相控制策略和分相无功补偿控制策略输出至配 套设备单元。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的自适应负荷型配电变压器， 其特征在于： 所述输 出控制模块包括在线负荷调相控制单元、有载调容控制单元、分相无功补偿控制 单元和有载调压控制单元。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的自适应负荷型配电变压器， 其特征在于： 在线负 荷调相控制单元对所述在线负荷调相设备进行控制，实现带载情况下负荷在相间 的转移， 使 、 B、 C三相负荷平衡分配； 有载调容控制单元通过控制所述驱动 电机，带动有载调容开关设备动作，实现变压器有载情况下大小容量方式的转换， 完成额定容量的调节； 分相无功补偿控制单元对所述分相无功补偿设备进行控 制， 使得变压器各相无功就地平衡； 有载调压控制单元通过控制所述驱动电机， 带动有载调压开关设备动作， 实现变压器有载情况下不同电压分接档位的切换， 完成电压的调节。
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