WO2014151559A2 - Graphical process variable trend monitoring for a process control system - Google Patents
Graphical process variable trend monitoring for a process control system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014151559A2 WO2014151559A2 PCT/US2014/025998 US2014025998W WO2014151559A2 WO 2014151559 A2 WO2014151559 A2 WO 2014151559A2 US 2014025998 W US2014025998 W US 2014025998W WO 2014151559 A2 WO2014151559 A2 WO 2014151559A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
- G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
- G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
- G05B23/0208—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterized by the configuration of the monitoring system
- G05B23/0216—Human interface functionality, e.g. monitoring system providing help to the user in the selection of tests or in its configuration
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to process control systems and, more particularly, to monitoring trends of process variables and hierarchical, graphical navigating of process control plants.
- Process plants typically include one or more centralized or decentralized process controllers communicatively coupled to at least one host or operator workstation and to one or more process control and instrumentation devices, such as field devices, via analog, digital or combined analog/digital buses.
- Field devices which may be, for example valves, valve positioners, switches, transmitters, and sensors (e.g., temperature, pressure and flow rate sensors), perform functions within the process such as increasing or decreasing fluid flow and measuring process parameters.
- the process controller receives signals indicative of process measurements or process variables made by or associated with the field devices and/or other information pertaining to the field devices, uses this information to implement a control routine and then generates control signals which are sent over one or more of the buses or other communication lines to the field devices to control the operation of the process.
- Information from the field devices and the controller is typically made available to one or more applications executed by operator workstations to enable an operator to perform desired functions with respect to the process, such as viewing the current state of the process, modifying the operation of the process, etc.
- the Delta VTM control system sold by Emerson Process Management includes multiple applications stored within and executed by different devices located at diverse places within a process plant.
- instrumentation devices such as valves, transmitters, sensors, etc. connected to one or more process controllers which execute software that controls these devices during the operation of the process
- additional devices include, for example, power supply equipment, power generation and distribution equipment, storage tanks, heaters, rotating equipment such as turbines, etc., which are located at numerous places in a typical plant. While this additional equipment does not necessarily create or use process variables and, in many instances, is not controlled or even coupled to a process controller for the purpose of affecting the process operation, this equipment is nevertheless important to and ultimately necessary for proper operation of the process.
- a configuration application which resides in one or more operator workstations, enables a designer to create or change operator interfaces which are used by a viewing application to display data to an operator and to enable the operator to change settings, such as set points, within the process control routine.
- Each dedicated controller and, in some cases, one or more field devices stores and executes a controller application that runs the control modules assigned and downloaded thereto to implement actual process control functionality.
- the viewing applications which may be run on one or more operator workstations, receive data from the controller application via the buses and display this data to process control system designers, operators, or users using the user interfaces, and may provide any of a number of different views, such as an operator's view, an engineer's view, a technician's view, etc.
- a database application is typically stored in and executed by a database device that collects and stores some or all of the data provided across the buses while a configuration database application may run in a still further computer attached to the buses to store the current process control routine configuration and data associated therewith.
- the configuration database may be located in the same workstation as the configuration application.
- graphical display applications have been provided to enable users such as operators to monitor the process.
- graphical display applications have been used to enable control operators to view the current functioning of the process plant, or areas of the process plant, or to enable maintenance personnel to view the state of hardware devices within the process plant, to enable simulation of the process plant, etc.
- one type of graphical display application may use a piping (or process) and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) to enable a user to monitor the current functioning of the process plant in real-time.
- a P&ID generally includes graphical representations of plant equipment and functionality that, together, form a functional plan view of a particular portion of a process.
- the graphical representations within a P&ID are generally arranged quasi-realistically and so provide a more life-like layout of process control equipment, so that the location of each piece of equipment in the P&ID, in some sense, reflects the layout of the actual equipment in the process plant.
- the graphical display application may use a P&ID to represent a crude unit in a particular area of the process plant as including several pieces of equipment, such as a heater, a storage tank, a desalter, etc., by depicting each piece of equipment of the crude unit in a spatially representative layout.
- P&IDs typically allow the operator to monitor parameters (such as process variable values) in the plant in real-time while offering highly user- configurable display options.
- the display of real-time values in P&IDs does not effectively support the detection of changes in these real-time values over time.
- the display of real-time process variable values via the P&ID does not enable the user of the P&ID to easily detect or understand trends within the real-time data being depicted.
- the P&IDs tend to cram real-time values within the screen spaces not used by the equipment depicted in the quasi- spatially realistic display, it may be difficult for a user to see and understand the real-time data itself, much less the temporal trends within that data.
- an operator using a P&ID to monitor a process may quickly lose focus in the vast amount of information presented in the P&ID or may miss important process variable trends or patterns emerging within the process because the operator is presented with such an expansive amount of detailed data.
- this immense amount of data especially in a large, complex process plant, is difficult to view, much less to absorb and to understand using only a P&ID and (potentially other supporting graphs or diagrams, such as process variable trend graphs, accessible via the P&ID).
- the operator may exert unnecessary time and energy in locating and comparing a current value of a process variable with a setpoint value, a desired value, etc.
- the hyperlinks provided to the operator are generally only for navigation within a current hierarchical level and do not provide additional options for navigation throughout the locations and hierarchy within the representation of the process plant.
- the P&ID lacks the capability for the operator to "drill down" into more detailed, hierarchical levels while maintaining the context of the entire representation of the process plant. For example, if a different area of the representation of the process plant requires immediate attention of the operator, such as a process variable in the different area that is leading to a runway condition of the process, the operator may have trouble determining, and subsequently navigating to, the location of the different area in the process plant relative to the current location of the process plant. As a result, the operator may endure unpredictable navigation (e.g., trial and error clicking, etc.) during a time critical incident which may lead to poor decision making of the operator through unnecessary stress and frustration.
- unpredictable navigation e.g., trial and error clicking, etc.
- the control operator may still need to contend with attempting to obtain the proper level of detail of the process control variables.
- the operator may possess too little process control information in viewing only the P&ID.
- the operator may possess too much detail in viewing multiple process variable trend graphs, in attempting to compare current process variable values with setpoint information, etc.
- the detailed information sources may not be integrated with the P&ID and may require the control operator to view information of various levels of detail that is distributed across multiple separate windows or screens. Possessing too few or too many details may lead to the control operator making incomplete or slow decisions, respectively, that may cause serious consequences during a critical incident or period.
- a process control monitoring system for a process control plant uses graphic trend symbols to assist in detecting and monitoring trends of process variables within the process control plant.
- a graphic display application within the process control monitoring system may implement and display each graphic trend symbol to graphically indicate or encapsulate current trend and value information of a process variable within the process control plant.
- the graphic display application may use process variable data that is collected from field devices and stored in a database to generate one or more graphic elements that are displayed together to form the graphic trend symbol.
- Each graphic element may represent a different attribute of the process variable associated with the graphic trend symbol and may include graphic trend elements that indicate trend
- the graphic elements may also include graphic value elements that indicate current value information of the process variable, such as a magnitude of the process variable from a desired value, a position of the process variable relative to the desired value, etc.
- the graphic display application may display one or more of these graphic elements together to form a graphic trend symbol and to graphically or symbolically indicate the current trend or value of the process variable.
- the graphic display application may display the graphic trend symbol in a spatially realistic location within a graphical representation of the process control plant, such as a P&ID, so that the operator may quickly orient herself with the location of the process variable associated with the graphic trend symbol in relation to the area surrounding the graphic trend symbol within the graphical representation.
- the graphic display application may display the graphic trend symbol within the graphical representation of the process plant while simultaneously displaying a navigation pane that may provide context to the operator of the hierarchical structure or each hierarchical level (e.g., a particular area, a unit, a piece of equipment etc.) of the process plant in relation to the display graphical representation.
- the graphic display application may also assist the operator in quickly navigating among the different hierarchical levels, via the navigation pane, to monitor the graphic trend symbols within the context of different hierarchical levels within the graphical representation of the process plant.
- the graphic display application may constantly and consistently display the navigation pane in the same relative position to the graphical representation to provide predictable and efficient navigation within the graphical representation of the process plant.
- the graphic display application may implement the navigation pane to include different types of selector icons in which each selector icon represents a different unit, an area, a piece of equipment, etc. and corresponds to a particular graphical depiction displayed within graphical representation of the plant.
- the graphic display application displays the different types of selector icons in different types of selection areas for the operator to easily distinguish the different hierarchical levels and corresponding process variables within the process plant while maintaining context in relation to the overall plant.
- the graphic display application may reposition or change the level of detail of the graphical representation of the process plant according to the selected selector icon.
- the graphic display application may additionally provide process variable information views of varied levels of detailed one or more of the process variables that are associated with the displayed graphic trend symbols.
- the graphic display application may determine to implement one or more process variable information panes of varied levels of detail depending various factors, such as screen space, process variables in a critical state, etc.
- the graphic display application implements each pane to display a different level of detailed information for the one or more process variables that correspond to the displayed graphic trend symbols within the currently displayed view of the graphical representation.
- the graphic display application may display a summary pane that may include only the graphic trend symbol and an associated name of the process variable for one or more graphic trend symbols displayed with the graphical representation.
- the graphic display application may also display a detailed pane that may include, in addition to the information provided in the summary pane for example, a current process variable magnitude/position value and desired value comparison diagram and/or an actual actuator or value position for the one or more graphic trend symbols displayed with the graphical representation.
- the graphic display application may display an expanded pane that may include, in addition to the information provided in the detailed pane for instance, historical graphs of the process variable.
- the graphic display application may dynamically highlight the graphic trend symbol within the graphical representation and all of the varied detailed views of the corresponding process variable within the panes in response to receiving a selection of a graphic trend symbol within the graphical representation, a selection of the
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a process control system having a controller (or control element) configured to receive process variable information from a number of field devices via transmitted communications between the controller and the number of field devices in accordance with one aspect of the disclosure;
- Fig. 2 is a screen shot of a graphical representation of an exemplary crude unit within a portion of a process control plant and a navigation pane for a process control plant;
- FIG. 2A illustrates another implementation of the navigation pane of Fig. 2;
- Fig. 2B illustrates another example navigation pane containing the example navigation buttons of Fig. 2A;
- FIG. 2C illustrates another example navigation pane containing the example navigation buttons of Figs. 2 A and/or 2B;
- Fig. 2D illustrates another view of the example navigation pane of Fig.
- FIG. 3 is a detailed view of a navigation pane for a process control plant
- Fig. 4 is a screen shot of a highlighted graphical representation of a heater within a graphical representation of an exemplary crude unit within a portion of a process control plant and a navigation pane for a process control plant;
- FIG. 5 is screen shot of a graphical representation of an exemplary heater within a portion of a process control plant, a navigation pane, a summary pane, and an expanded pane;
- Fig. 6 is a view of an exemplary graphic trend symbol
- Fig. 7 is a process variable attribute chart useable to create graphic trend symbols
- Figs. 7A-D and 8-17 illustrate example icons to indicate conditions, characteristics, trends, and/or other information associated with process variables corresponding to components within the example process control system of Fig. 1;
- Fig. 18 is detailed view of a summary pane, a detailed pane, and an expanded pane of the screen shot of Fig. 5;
- Fig. 18A illustrates an alternative example of the summary pane of Fig. 18;
- Fig. 18B illustrates an alternative example of the detailed pane of Fig. 18 containing example process variable graphics to indicate more information than the example graphics of Fig. 18 A.
- Fig. 18C illustrates an alternative example of the process variable pane of Fig. 18 containing example process variable graphics to indicate more information than the example graphics of Fig. 18B;
- Fig. 18D illustrates the example process variable summary pane of Figs. 18A-18C in a collapsed form
- Fig. 18E illustrates an example event history table for display
- Fig. 19 is a screen shot of a highlighted selected process variable and a number of corresponding highlighted detailed views of the selected process variable.
- Fig. 20A-20B is an example method of generating a graphic trend symbol.
- a process control monitoring system 10 illustrated in Fig. 1 that may be used to implement and to display a graphic trend symbol described herein includes a process controller 11 connected to a database 12 and to one or more host workstations or computers 14 (which may be any type of personal computers, workstations, etc.) via a network bus 31, such as a Ethernet communication network for example.
- Each workstation 14 may include a memory for storing a plurality of applications including, for example, a graphical display application 30 and may be communicatively coupled to a user interface 13.
- the controller 11 is also connected to field devices 15-22 via input/output (I/O) cards 26 and 28.
- the database 12 may be any desired type of data collection unit having any desired type of memory and any desired or known software, hardware or firmware for storing data.
- the system 10 may also store process variable values or process variable data within the database 12 for use in generating, and subsequently displaying, graphic trend symbols to an operator.
- the controller 11 is, in Fig. 1, communicatively connected to the field devices 15- 22 using a hardwired communication network and communication scheme, or in the alternative, a wireless network and wireless communication scheme.
- the field devices 15-22 may be any types of devices, such as sensors, valves, transmitters, positioners, etc.
- the I/O cards 26 and 28 may be any types of I/O devices conforming to any desired communication or controller protocol such as the Fieldbus protocol, the HART protocol, the 4-20ma analog protocol, etc.
- the valves, sensors, and other equipment illustrated in Fig. 1 may be any desired kind or type of equipment including, for example, Fieldbus field devices, standard 4-20ma field devices, HART field devices, etc. and may be connected to and be controlled by the controller 11 in any desired manner.
- controllers may be connected to the controller 11 and to the workstations 14 via, for example, the Ethernet communication line 31 to control other devices or areas associated with the process plant 16 and the operation of such additional controllers may be coordinated with the operation of the controller 11 illustrated in Fig. 1 in any desired or known manner.
- the controller 11 includes a processor 23 that implements or oversees one or more process control routines (or any module, block, or sub-routine thereof) stored in a memory 24. Generally speaking, the controller 11 communicates with the devices 15-22, the host computers 14 and the database 12 to control a process in any desired manner.
- controller 11 may implement a control strategy or scheme using what are commonly referred to as function blocks, wherein each function block is an object or other part (e.g., a subroutine) of an overall control routine that operates in conjunction with other function blocks (via communications called links) to implement process control loops within the process control monitoring system 10.
- Function blocks typically perform one of an input function, such as that associated with a transmitter, a sensor or other process parameter measurement device, a control function, such as that associated with a control routine that performs PID, fuzzy logic, etc. control, or an output function which controls the operation of some device, such as a valve, to perform some physical function within the process control monitoring system 10.
- a control function such as that associated with a transmitter, a sensor or other process parameter measurement device
- a control function such as that associated with a control routine that performs PID, fuzzy logic, etc. control
- an output function which controls the operation of some device, such as a valve, to perform some physical function within the process control monitoring system 10.
- the function blocks may be stored
- the process control monitoring system 10 of Fig. 1 may be used to monitor the process of one or more process control plants in which, for example, one of the workstations 14 executes a graphic display application that allows an operator, via the user interface 13, to monitor the process via a spatially realistic graphical representation of the plant and to navigate to different areas of the representation of the process plant within the context of the hierarchical structure of the process plant.
- a graphic display application 30 resides in the workstation 14.
- the graphic display application 30 could be stored and executed in other workstations 14, or in other computers
- bus 31 communicatively connected to the bus 31 in any desired manner, including in any wireless manner.
- a database 12 may store configuration data including equipment data such as a list of equipment units in the plant and equipment hierarchy, administrative information related to various areas of the plant, association of equipment units with plant areas, hierarchical breakdown of equipment, field device data such as location data for each field device, association of field devices with pieces of equipment, and other configuration data.
- equipment data such as a list of equipment units in the plant and equipment hierarchy
- field device data such as location data for each field device
- association of field devices with pieces of equipment and other configuration data.
- the database 12 may be a separate server or a group of servers or, if the process plant control monitoring network 10 is sufficiently small, the database 12 may be implemented simply as a dedicated process servicing part of the file system of the one of the workstations 14.
- the system 10 may store both current and historical process variable values collected from the field devices 15-22 or process variable data generated by the graphic display application 30 within the database 12 for use in generating and in displaying graphic trend symbols to the operator, for instance.
- an operator may run or execute the graphic display application 30 to implement and to display graphic trend symbols within a graphical representation of the process plant during operation or in a simulation environment.
- the graphic display application 30 may retrieve or receive process variable information from the database 12 for a particular process variable to generate process variable data and process variable trend data.
- the graphic display application may use these process variable data and process variable trend data in generating the graphic trend symbol and displaying within the graphical representation of the process plant.
- the graphic display application 30 presents, to the operator, an exemplary screen shot 50 that includes a graphical
- the graphic display application may display the crude unit graphical representation 53 to include a spatially realistic layout (e.g., a P&ID) of the crude unit in the plant that includes graphically realistic depictions of equipment, such as a heater 56, a distillation tower 58, a desalter 60, etc, that compose the crude unit.
- a spatially realistic layout e.g., a P&ID
- the crude unit in the plant that includes graphically realistic depictions of equipment, such as a heater 56, a distillation tower 58, a desalter 60, etc, that compose the crude unit.
- the graphic display application may display each piece of displayed equipment to include a realistic depiction of the piece of equipment, identifier labels, and any pipes, connections, etc. that may couple the piece of equipment to other pieces of equipment or other inflow/outflow sources, such as fuel oil, fuel gas, water sources, etc.
- the heater 56 includes a realistic depiction of the heater and an identifier label "H-138" while indicating inputs and outputs associated with the heater 56, such as an inlet for a steam pipe 57, an inlet for a fuel oil pipe 59, an inlet for a fuel oil pipe 63, and an outlet for a crude pipe 65.
- the graphic display application may display the graphical representation of the crude unit 53 within the viewport 52 to also include specific or critical process variable information for each piece of equipment.
- the graphic display application 30 displays process variable data for several process variables associated with the heater 56, such as inlet pressure, outlet pressure, and crude temperature (discussed in more detailed below).
- the navigation pane 54 allows the operator to efficiently navigate to graphic trend symbols within the graphical representation of the entire process plant 61, or other process plants, while providing the operator context within a hierarchical framework or structure that reflects the actual hierarchical structure of the process plant.
- the navigation pane 54 may allow the operator to quickly recognize the area or the portion of the process plant that is currently displayed within the viewport 52 in context or in relation to the overall representation of the process plant 61.
- the navigation pane 54 may clearly provide some or all possible location navigation options to the operator for efficiently navigating to a different area of the representation of the process plant regardless of the hierarchical level of the different area of the representation of the process plant.
- the graphic display application 30 may constantly and consistently display the navigation pane 54 in the same position relative to the viewport 52 within the screen shot 50 to provide predictable and efficient navigation within the representation of the process plant to the operator.
- the navigation pane 54 may represent a process plant 61 and the associated units and equipment with the process plant 61 in the hierarchical structure of the process plant 61.
- the navigation pane 54 includes a unit selection area 62 that includes one or more unit selector icons 66, 68, 70 that, in this example, are labeled "Crude Unit 1," “Crude Unit 2,” and “Crude Unit 3,” respectively.
- the navigation pane 54 may also include an equipment selection area 64 that may include one or more equipment selector icons 72-82 that correspond to specific pieces of equipment in the actual plant.
- the graphic display application 30 may populate one or more equipment selector icons 72-82 in the equipment selection area 64 that correspond to the one or more pieces of equipment associated or included within the selected unit. For example, as shown in Fig. 2, the graphic display application 30 displays all equipment associated with the selected "Crude Unit 1" unit selector icon 66, which includes a "Desalter” equipment selector icon 72, a "Storage Tanks” equipment selector icon 74, a "Tower” equipment selector icon 76, an "Overhead Rcvr” equipment selector icon 80, and a "Heater” equipment selector icon 82.
- the navigation pane 54 of the process control monitoring system 10 may include any number of hierarchical levels and selection areas and is not limited to two hierarchical levels that include units and equipment.
- the graphic display application 30 populates the equipment selection area 64 with equipment selector icons (not shown) associated with or included within the newly selected unit.
- Fig. 2A illustrates an example navigation pane 2600 associated with at least a portion of a process control system (e.g., the example process control system 10 of Fig. 1).
- the example navigation pane 2600 includes multiple navigation buttons 2602, 2604, 2606, 2608, 2610, 2612, 2614, 2616, 2618 grouped or arranged in separate columns 2620, 2622, 2624.
- Each navigation button 2602, 2604, 2606, 2608, 2610, 2612, 2614, 2616, 2618 corresponds to a particular component (e.g., a plant, an area, a unit, an equipment module, a control module, etc.) in the process control system.
- a particular component e.g., a plant, an area, a unit, an equipment module, a control module, etc.
- Each column 2620, 2622, 2624 corresponds to a different level in a hierarchy of components of the process control system and, therefore, contains the navigation buttons 2602, 2604, 2606, 2608, 2610, 2612, 2614, 2616, 2618 associated with components corresponding to the hierarchy level of each column 2620, 2622, 2624.
- higher or upper levels of components e.g., parent components
- lower levels e.g., child components or subcomponents
- the left-hand column 2620 corresponds to the plant level of a hierarchy of the process control system and includes a single navigation button 2602 labeled as "Texas Plant” that corresponds to a single plant in the process control system.
- the next level down in the hierarchy (corresponding to the middle column 2622) of the illustrated example is the unit level, which contains the navigation buttons 2604, 2606, 2608 respectively labeled as "Crude Unit 1,” “Crude Unit 2,” and “Crude Unit 3" that correspond to three process units within the plant of the process control system.
- the next level down in the example hierarchy (and bottom level represented in the example navigation pane 2600 in column 2624) is the equipment module level, which contains the navigation buttons 2610, 2612, 2614, 2616, 2618 respectively labeled as "Storage Tanks,” “Desalter,” “Heater,” “Tower,” and “Overhead Receiver” that correspond to five process modules of the process control system.
- the navigation pane 2600 may contain more columns to represent other levels within the process control system hierarchy (e.g., equipment module levels and/or control module levels).
- each column 2620, 2622, 2624 in the illustrated example corresponds to a single branch of child components associated with a common parent component in the hierarchy. That is, the navigation buttons associated with lower levels in the hierarchy that are shown in the example navigation pane 2600 correspond to components that are a subset of components contained within one of the components represented by one of the navigation buttons in the level immediately above the corresponding lower level.
- the navigation buttons 2610, 2612, 2614, 2616, 2618 in the right-hand level column 2624 may correspond to process modules that are all associated with the same process unit within the process control system (e.g., the first crude process unit associated with the navigation button 2604 in the middle column 2622).
- the particular branch of each level of the hierarchy that is displayed in the navigation pane 2600 at any given time may be based on a current view (e.g., a current process diagram 304 in the P&ID display area 302) of the process control system.
- a current view e.g., a current process diagram 304 in the P&ID display area 302
- the heater module associated with the navigation button 2614 of the first crude process unit associated with the navigation button 2604
- all the navigation buttons in the branches from the top level e.g., the plant associated with the navigation button 2602 down to the level associated with the heater module are displayed.
- the sibling components e.g., components that directly branch from the same parent component one level up the hierarchy
- the navigation button corresponding to the specific component currently being viewed is graphically distinguished from the other navigation buttons.
- the navigation button 2614 corresponding to the heater module has a unique visual characteristic (e.g., different pattern) to distinguish it from the remaining navigation buttons.
- any other visually distinctive characteristic may alternatively be used (e.g., shading, color, shape, size, outline, orientation, symbol, notation, bordering, flashing, highlighting, etc.).
- each navigation button in a direct path or line from a top level of the hierarchy (e.g., a plant) down to the particular component (e.g., area, unit, module, etc.) being viewed is graphically altered to be distinguishable from the other navigation buttons.
- the navigation buttons 2602, 2604, 2614 include a thick border; however, any other visually identifiable characteristic may alternatively be used. In this manner, operators may quickly determine what they are viewing and how it relates to other components within the process control system and the other navigation buttons within the navigation pane 2600.
- the graphic display application 30 may indicate the selection of a unit selector icon 66-70 of Fig. 2 by shading the selected unit selector icon (e.g., "Crude Unit 1" unit selector icon 66), for instance, and the background of the equipment selection area 64, as shown in Fig. 2, to indicate that the equipment selector icons 72-82 are associated with the selected unit selector icon 66.
- Fig. 2B illustrates another example navigation pane 2700 associated with the same portion of the example process control system represented in the example navigation pane 2600 of Fig. 2A.
- the outline of the tabs 2702, 2708 serve to graphically represent that each of the three crude process units (represented by the navigation buttons 2604, 2606, 2608) are subcomponents within the plant (represented by the navigation button 2602) and that each of the five process modules (represented by the navigation buttons 2610, 2612, 2614, 2616, 2618) are subcomponents within the first crude process unit (represented by the navigation button 2604).
- FIG. 2C illustrates another example navigation pane 2800 associated with the same portion of the example process control system of Figs. 2, 2A, and/or 2B.
- the example navigation pane 2800 includes a top banner 2802 with a title 2804 identifying the top level of the process control system represented in the navigation pane (e.g., the Texas plant).
- a left-hand column 2806 corresponds to the unit level of the hierarchy and contains the navigation buttons 2604, 2606, 2608
- a middle column 2808 corresponds to the area level of the hierarchy and contains the navigation buttons 2610, 2612, 2614, 2616, 2618.
- a right-hand column 2810 of the example navigation pane 2800 includes navigation buttons 2812, 2814, 2816 corresponding to components in the next level down the hierarchy (e.g., equipment and/or control modules).
- the lower level components contained within a particular higher level component represented in the example navigation pane 2800 are identified by a marker 2820 (e.g., a triangle or arrow) located next to each higher level navigation button corresponding to the direct line of components in the hierarchy pointing down to the navigation button associated with the currently viewed component.
- the marker 2820 next to the navigation button 2604 indicates that all the navigation buttons displayed in the lower levels (e.g., the navigation buttons 2610, 2612, 2614, 2616, 2618 in the column 2808 and the navigation buttons 2812, 2814, 2816 in the column 2810) correspond to subcomponents within the first crude process unit of the process control system (i.e., the upper component associated with the navigation button 2604).
- the marker 2820 next to the navigation button 2614 indicates that the navigation buttons 2812, 2814, 2816 correspond to components within the heater module (i.e., the upper component associated with the navigation button 2614).
- the direct path of components from the top level of the hierarchy down to the currently viewed component may also be indicated by altering the appearance of the corresponding navigation button(s) along the direct path (e.g., by changing the shading, color, pattern, brightness, outline, etc. of the corresponding navigation button(s) similar to what was described above in connection with Fig. 2A).
- selecting e.g., via a mouse click
- anyone of the navigation buttons may change the current view (e.g., the graphical representation 53 in the viewport 52) of the process control system to correspond to the component selected.
- the example navigation pane 2800 enables an operator to quickly navigate to any component in the process control system and bring up the corresponding P&ID and/or other information for further analysis.
- selecting e.g., via a mouse click
- one of the navigation buttons may not immediately change the process diagram 304 to the selected component but merely give a preview of the selected component within the navigation pane.
- an operator may be viewing the example navigation pane 2800 as shown in Fig. 2C and want to know the source of the single alarm indicated in the alarm summary icon 2626 of the navigation button 2608 corresponding to the third crude process unit of the process control system. To do so, an operator may select the navigation button 2608 in the left-hand column 2806 to then update the remaining columns 2808, 2810 to show navigation buttons associated with the subcomponents of the third crude process unit as indicated in Fig. 2D. That is, upon selecting the navigation button 2608 in the example navigation pane 2800 of Fig.
- the navigation pane 2800 of Fig. 2D is a preview of the desalter module of the third crude process unit such that the P&ID of the heater module of the first crude process unit will remain on display in the graphical representation 53.
- the markers 2820 next to the navigation buttons 2608, 2904 of Fig. 2D and/or the distinctive appearance (e.g., based on shading, color, pattern, border, notation, etc.) of the navigation buttons 2608, 2904 of Fig. 2D indicate the relationship of the navigation buttons in each column 2806, 2808, 2810 (e.g., the branches and/or paths of the hierarchy) that are currently being displayed.
- a preview navigation pane is shown (e.g., the navigation pane 2800 of Fig. 2D)
- the navigation button corresponding to the particular component actually being displayed in the graphical representation 53 may be hidden (e.g., the navigation button 2614 of Fig. 2C).
- the top banner 2802 includes a P&ID display button 2826 that returns the example navigation pane 2800 to show the navigation buttons associated with the component in the process control system currently being displayed via the graphical representation 53. For instance, if an operator were to select (e.g., mouse click) the P&ID display button 2826 after navigating to the preview navigation pane 2800 shown in Fig. 2D, the navigation pane 2800 would return to the view shown in navigation pane 2800 of Fig. 2C corresponding to the heater module that is currently being displayed in the P&ID display area 302.
- the top banner 2802 may also include a back button 2828 and a forward button 2830 to browse back and forth between different views that an operator has navigated through while using the navigation pane 2800. Additionally or alternatively, the top banner 2802 also includes a previous alarm button 2832 and a next alarm button 2834 to skip back and forth between pages (e.g., graphical representations 53 of the process plant within the viewport 52) that are associated with at least one process variable currently in an alarm state. Furthermore, the top banner 2802 may include an alarm filter button 2836 to reconfigure the navigation pane 2800 to only show navigation buttons associated with components that include at least one process variable under an alarm state and/or to filter the navigation pane 2800 to only show navigation buttons associated with high-criticality alarms. Additionally or alternatively, a separate sort button may be provided to sort and/or filter the navigation buttons in other manners (e.g., sort by alphabetical order, engineered order, order of severity, etc.).
- the screen shot 55 displays a detailed view of the navigation pane 54 that may further include process variable alarm indicators 84-98 or badges that indicate different types of alarms occurring for process variables that are associated with the displayed equipment selector icons 72-82, unit selector icons 66-70, and the plant 61.
- the alarm indicator 84 associated with the "Storage Tanks" equipment selector icon 74 is low priority alarm that indicates a less urgent state condition for a particular process variable associated with the storage tanks in the process plant.
- the graphic display application 30 may display the alarm indicator 84 with a particular color, shading, symbol indicator, or any other suitable manner to indicate a lower priority alarm. However, if an alarm indicator is associated with a higher priority alarm, such as an alarm indicator 90 associated with the "Heater” equipment selector icon 82, the graphic display application 30 may display the alarm indicator 90 in a color, shading, symbol indicator, etc. different from the lower priority alarm. Moreover, one selector icon 66-82 may indicate both a lower priority alarm and a higher priority alarm for two or more process variables associated with the particular selector icon. For example, as shown in Fig. 3, the graphic display application 30 displays one lower priority alarm 88 and one higher priority alarm 90 that are associated with the "Heater" equipment selector icon 82. Of course, any number of priority alarm levels may be used with the alarm indicators 84-98.
- the graphic display application 30 associates each process variable alarm with a corresponding graphic trend symbol located within the graphical representation of the process plant and may aggregate each process variable alarm by alarm level priority and by hierarchical level or portion within the process plant corresponding to the location of the graphic trend symbol. For example, as shown in Fig.
- the graphic display application 30 aggregates the three lower priority alarms 84-88 (e.g., the lower priority alarm 84 associated with the "Storage Tanks" equipment selector icon 74, the lower priority alarm 86 associated with the "Desalter” equipment selector icon 72, and the lower priority alarm 88 associated with the "Heater” equipment selector icon 82) and labels the lower priority alarm indicator 92 associated with the "Crude Unit 1" unit selector icon 66 with a "3" to indicate to the operator that three lower priority alarms associated with three process variables (and corresponding graphic trend symbols) are currently occurring in the "Crude Unit 1" unit.
- the graphic display application 30 may aggregate the higher priority alarms for each higher hierarchical level in the process plant.
- the only one higher priority alarm associated with any of the equipment selector icons 72, 74, 82 associated with the "Crude Unit 1" unit selector icon 66 is the higher priority alarm 90 associated with the "Heater” equipment selector icon 82.
- the graphic display application 30 displays this one higher priority alarm indicator 90 associated with the "Heater” equipment selector icon 82 by labeling the higher priority alarm indicator 94 associated with the "Crude Unit 1" unit selector icon 66 with a "1" to indicate to the operator that only one higher priority alarm associated with one process variable is occurring in the "Crude Unit 1" unit.
- the operator may quickly identify the number of and priority level of process variable alarms for a particular plant, unit, piece of equipment, etc. via the aggregate alarm indicators for different hierarchical entities represented within the navigation pane 54.
- the graphic display application 30 allows the operator to quickly navigate to a particular graphic trend symbol within a portion or area of the graphical representation of the process plant by using the selector icons of the navigation pane and visually associating the portion or area of the graphical representation.
- the graphic display application 30 additionally may allow the operator to visually identify, within the P&ID, a particular unit, piece of equipment, etc. that is associated with an indicated selector icon within the navigation pane 54.
- the graphic display application 30 in response to detecting an operator-initiated hover event (e.g., a mouse, finger contact point, or any other suitable way to indicate a selector icon without confirming a selection) near or over the "Heater” equipment selector icon 82 of the navigation pane 54, the graphic display application 30 only highlights the corresponding graphical depiction of the heater 56 in the crude unit graphical representation 53 within the viewport 52.
- the graphic display application 30 may additionally highlight the "Heater" equipment selector icon 82 within the navigation pane 54 in conjunction with highlighting the graphical depiction of the heater 56 to further provide context to the operator by visually conveying, via the navigation pane 54, the hierarchical position of the heater within the hierarchical structure of the process plant.
- the graphic display application 30 may highlight the equipment selector icon 82 and the graphical depiction of the heater 56, for instance, using a highlighted border 104, 102, as shown in Fig. 4, or in alternative, may entirely shade the equipment selector icon 82 and graphical depiction 56 with a color different from other colors appearing in the graphical representation of the crude unit 53, or may use any other suitable means to highlight the equipment selector icon 82 and graphical depiction 56 of the heater.
- the graphic display application 30 highlights the corresponding graphical depiction within the graphical representation of the crude unit 53 within the viewport 52. In this manner, the operator may quickly identify the location of a particular graphic trend symbol (or a piece of equipment that includes the particular graphic trend symbol) within the graphical representation while maintaining context relative to the overall process plant via hovering over various selector icons on the navigation pane.
- the operator may desire to see a more detailed view of the location or area of the particular graphic trend symbol within the graphical representation.
- the operator may confirm a selection of a selector icon associated with the desired area to reposition or to change the detail level (e.g., zoom in, zoom out, etc.) of the portion of the graphical representation of the process plant that is display within the viewport.
- the graphic display application 30 may display a different portion of the graphical representation of the process plant 61 that is associated with the selected selector icon.
- the graphic display application 30 may display a graphical representation of the heater 112, as shown in Fig.
- Each graphic trend symbol 118-122 may correspond to a monitored process variable in the process control system and visually represent real-time information about the process variable.
- the graphic display application 30 may also display a summary view of the corresponding graphic trend symbols 128-132 in the summary pane 130, a detailed view of the corresponding graphic trend symbols in a detailed pane (described below), and/or the expanded view of the corresponding graphic trend symbols 151-152, including historical graphics for example, in the expanded pane 150.
- the graphic display application 30 generates process variable trend data to indicate the current trend of the process variable, such as a rate of change of the process variable, a direction of change of the process variable, a change desirability of the process variable, etc.
- the graphic display application 30 may utilize process variable current and/or historical updates to generate and to display each graphic element that together form the graphic trend symbol.
- the graphic trend symbol 160 includes a magnitude graphic value element 162 that is associated a magnitude of the process variable from the desired value, a position graphic value element 164 that is associated with the position of the process variable relative to the desired value, a direction of change graphic trend element 166 that is associated with a direction of change of the process variable, a rate of change graphic trend element 168 that is associated with a rate of change of the process variable, and a change desirability graphic trend element 170 that is associated with the change desirability of the process variable.
- any number or type of process variable attributes may be used in implementing the graphic trend symbol 160.
- the graphic display application 30 may generate a normalized value using a normalized scale that reflects a ratio of the current raw value of the magnitude to a maximum value of the process variable that the field device is physically capable of reading or to a maximum value that is an operator-imposed limit, ceiling, etc. of the process variable (e.g., when the current value is at the maximum value of the process variable, the magnitude graphic value element 162 may reflect a 100% ratio level).
- the graphic display application 30 may fix the desired value 172 (e.g., the setpoint) at a 50% ratio level and adjust the current value of the process variable relative to this 50% desired value 172 ratio level.
- the value of the magnitude graphic value element 206 represents a magnitude value that is relatively further away from the desired value 172 compared to the other two values of the magnitude graphic value element 202, 204. If the magnitude value is greater than a certain threshold for example, the graphic display application 30 may trigger a process variable alarm within the process system and incorporate the triggered process variable alarm in determining the counts displayed within the process variable alarm indicators 84-98 as shown in Fig. 3. Additionally, the graphic display application 30 may compare the value of the magnitude value to two different thresholds to determine a lower priority alarm and a higher priority alarm, such as described above in reference to the process variable alarm indicators 84-98.
- the position graphic value element 164 may be depicted as the position or the location of the magnitude bar, namely whether the magnitude bar of the magnitude graphic value element 164 is above, below, or at the desired value 172.
- the graphic display application 30 may retrieve a current value of the process variable and desired value 172 associated with the graphic trend symbol from the database 12 and generate the position graphic value element 162 based on the current raw value in relation to the desired value 172.
- the graphical display application 30 may determine or generate the position graphic trend element 164 in any suitable manner.
- the value of the position graphic value element 164 is displayed above the desired value 172 indicating that the current process variable value is above the desired value 172.
- the direction of change graphic trend element 166 may be depicted, for example, as two flanking triangles that point toward the direction of change of the process variable.
- the graphic display application 30 may create the direction of change graphic trend element 166 using any other shapes, arrows, repetitive animations, graphical indications, or any other suitable manner of indicating the rate of change of a process variable.
- the graphic display application 30 may retrieve a current and one or more historical values of the process variable associated with the graphic trend symbol from the database 12 and generate the direction of change graphic value element 166 based on the difference between the current raw value and at least one historical raw value.
- the graphical display application 30 may determine or generate the direction of change graphic trend element 166 in any suitable manner.
- the value of the direction of change graphic trend element 214 indicates that the direction of change of the process variable is away from the desired value 172 (thus is getting worse) because the process variable is increasing and the position of the process variable is above the desired value 172.
- the value of the direction of change graphic trend element 218 indicates that the direction of change of the process variable is toward the desired value 172 (thus is getting better) because the process variable is decreasing and the position of the process variable is above the desire value 172.
- An additional example includes the value of direction of change graphic trend element 216 that indicates that the direction of change of the process variable is stationary regardless of the position of the process variable being above or below the desired value 172 (thus not getting better or worse.)
- the rate of change graphic trend element 168 may be depicted, for example, as two marks protruding from the graph trend symbol 160.
- the graphic display application 30 may create the rate of change graphic trend element 168 using any other shapes, arrows, repetitive or flashing animations, graphical indications, or any other suitable manner of indicating the rate of change of a process variable value.
- the graphic display application 30 may retrieve a current and one or more historical values of the process variable associated with the graphic trend symbol from the database 12 and generate the rate of change graphic value element 168 based on the difference between the current raw value and at least one historical raw value and a time lapse.
- the graphic display application 30 may generate a value of the direction of change graphic trend element 222 to indicate that the rate of change of the process variable is slow, again, absolutely or relative to the desired value 172 or other rate of change values or other values of rate of change graphic trend elements 220, 224.
- the graphic display application 30 may implement a value of rate of change graphic trend element 224 to indicate that the rate of change of the process variable is quick relative to the other values of rate of change graphic trend elements 220, 222.
- a value of rate of change may be associated with a particular rate of change category via associating the value of rate of change with a particular range or using various thresholds to determine the change category.
- the change desirability graphic trend element 170 may be depicted, for example, as displaying portions of the graphic trend symbol 160, such as the outline of the direction of change graphic trend element 166 and the rate of change graphic trend element 168, in bold with a thicker line.
- the graphic display application 30 may create the change desirability graphic trend element 170 using any other shapes, arrows, repetitive or flashing animations, graphical indications, or any other suitable manner of indicating the presence of the change desirability of a process variable.
- the graphic display application 30 may retrieve a current and one or more historical values of the process variable associated with the graphic trend symbol from the database 12 and generate the direction change desirability graphic value element 170 based on the difference between the current raw value and at least one historical raw value.
- the graphic display application 30 may use the other graphic elements 162-168 in determining the change desirability graphic trend element 170.
- the graphical display application 30 may determine or generate the change desirability graphic trend element 170 in any suitable manner.
- the change desirability graphic trend element 170 may indicate one of a plurality of change desirability categories, in which each change desirability category is associated with an improving process variable state condition, a worsening process variable state condition, or a maintaining process variable state condition.
- the change desirability graphic trend element 170 of Fig. 6 indicates that the process variable state condition is worsening (e.g., portions of graphic trend symbol 160 are in bold) because process variable magnitude is increasing (i.e., the direction of change of the process variable is moving away from the desired value) while the process variable position is above the desired value 172.
- the fifth row of the chart 200 includes several examples of values, categories, etc. of this change desirability attribute as shown in different change desirability graph trend elements 226-230.
- the graphic display application 30 may implement a particular value of the change desirability attribute within a display graphic trend symbol to indicate to the operator whether the condition, the state, the trend, etc. of the process variable is improving, worsening, or maintaining.
- a value of the change desirability graphic trend element 226 indicates that the change desirability of the process variable is improving because the process variable is decreasing (i.e., the direction of change of the process variable is moving toward the desired value) and the position of the process variable is above the desired value 172.
- Fig. 7A illustrates example icons 402, 404, 406 to indicate conditions, characteristics, trends, and/or other information associated with a process variable of a process control system (e.g., the example process control system 10 of Fig. 1.)
- the characteristics and/or conditions emphasized by the icons 402, 404, 406 include a current state of a process variable, a projected state of the process variable, and a corresponding trend (e.g., direction) of the process variable, which are represented by the shape, orientation, and notations on the icons 402, 404, 406 in the illustrated example.
- the icon 402 is triangular in shape with a peak 408 pointing upwards to visually indicate an upward trend of the process variable.
- the icon 406 is also triangular in shape but with a peak 410 pointing downwards to visually indicate a downward trend of the process variable.
- the icons 402, 406 each contain two sections: (1) a current state section 412 that is opposite the peaks 408, 410 to visually indicate the current state of the process variable and (2) a projected state section 414 that is adjacent the peaks 408, 410 to visually indicate the projected state of the process variable.
- the icon 404 of Fig. 7A is in a generally diamond or rhombus shape (or any other suitable shape) to be
- the term "state" of a process variable corresponds to the operating state of the variable with respect to its set point and/or any alarm limits. For example, if a process variable is operating within allowable limits, the "state" of the process variable would be normal or as expected or as desired.
- the current and projected states of a process variable are visually indicated in the icons 402, 404, 406 by a textual notation or other visual indicia within the corresponding current state and projected state sections 412, 414.
- a textual notation or other visual indicia within the corresponding current state and projected state sections 412, 414.
- a single exclamation point is indicative of the process variable in an operating state (e.g., the current state section 412 in the icon 402) corresponding to a first alarm state associated with a range of values for the process variable outside normal operating conditions (e.g., the process variable drops below a low alarm limit or rises above a high alarm limit)
- a double exclamation point is indicative of the process variable passing a second alarm limit (e.g., the process variable drops below a low-low alarm limit or rises above a high-high alarm limit) into a corresponding low-low alarm state or a high-high alarm state (e.g., the projected state section 414 in the icon 402).
- No exclamation point shown e.g., the projected state section 414 of the icon 406 is indicative of the process variable operating within normal operating conditions.
- the icon 404 of the illustrated example is not divided into sections because the icon 404 indicates that the corresponding process variable is being maintained in a specific state (e.g., it is not trending upwards or downwards to change states). Put another way, the current state and the projected state of the process variable are the same. Accordingly, only a single notation (e.g., a single set of double exclamation points) is represented within the icon 404 to indicate the corresponding state within which the process variable is being maintained (e.g., it is remaining steady in a high-high alarm state).
- a single notation e.g., a single set of double exclamation points
- the current and projected states can serve to identify the direction or trend in which the value of the process variable is moving.
- the trend of the process variable may not be immediately apparent based only on the current and projected states.
- the icons 402, 406 of Fig. 7 A are shaped like triangles to point in the direction in which the process variable is trending as is shown and described in greater detail in Fig. 7B.
- Figs. 7B-7D illustrate other example icons 502, 504, 602, 702 to indicate the conditions, characteristics, trends, and/or information associated with a process variable as described above in connection with Fig. 7A.
- the example icons of Figs. 7B-7D emphasize current and projected states of a process variable, and the direction of the process variable.
- the example icons 502 of Fig. 7B are similar to the icon 402 of Fig. 7A in that the icons 502 are generally triangular in shape and point upward to indicate an upward trend of the process variable.
- the example icons 504 of Fig. 7B are also similar to the icon 406 of Fig. 7A in that the icons 504 are generally triangular in shape and point downward to indicate a downward trend of the process variable.
- the icons 402, 406 of Fig. 7A include exclamation points to indicate the current and projected state of the corresponding process variables
- the current and projected states in the icons 502, 504 are represented by the shading (e.g., flood fill) of the corresponding current and projected state sections.
- Other methods of indicating the operating states of the process variables may alternatively be used including different patterns, colors, shading, shapes, sizes, outlines, textual or symbolic notations, flashing, highlighting, etc.
- a normal operating state may be indicated by a gray color, a low or high alarm state
- a yellow color may indicate a yellow color
- a low-low or a high- high alarm state may be indicated by a red color
- the background or surrounding color may be indicated by a gainsboro color (e.g., a light bluish gray).
- CIE International Commission on Illumination
- An advantage of such a color scheme is that the colors may be distinguishable by color anomalous (e.g., color blind) as well as normal (e.g., non-color anomalous) operators.
- CIE International Commission on Illumination
- each graph includes a dot 518 representative of the current value of the process variable disposed along a line 520.
- the solid portion of the line 520 is representative of the value of the process variable over time leading up to the current value.
- the dotted portion of the line 520 is an extrapolation of the solid portion of the line 520 to represent the projected value of the process variable going forward in time.
- other icons or variations on the icons 502, 504 shown in Fig. 7B may be used to represent corresponding process variables changing in other manner over time not shown by the graphs 506 (e.g., a steeper trend line 520 that crosses over the set point.)
- operators can infer the relative position of the process variable with respect to the desired value (e.g., set point, etc.) and the qualitative status of the indicated trend (e.g., worsening or improving). For example, if the trend identifying shape indicates a downward trend and the projected state section indicates a worse alarm state than the current state section, operators can infer that the process variable is below the set point and dropping (i.e., getting worse). In contrast, if the trend identifying shape indicates an upward trend with the same current and projected states as in the above example, operators can infer that the process variable is above the target value and rising such that it is again worsening.
- the desired value e.g., set point, etc.
- the qualitative status of the indicated trend e.g., worsening or improving. For example, if the trend identifying shape indicates a downward trend and the projected state section indicates a worse alarm state than the current state section, operators can infer that the process variable is below the set point and dropping (i.e., getting worse). In contrast, if
- the icons 502, 504 are grouped in separate columns 526, 528, 530 based on whether the state of the process variable is improving in that it is moving towards the desired value (e.g., the set point) (column 526), worsening in that it is moving away from the set point (column 528), or maintaining in that it is in a substantially constant or steady state condition (column 530).
- the desired value e.g., the set point
- Fig. 7B provides each possible icon 502 for each projected transition between states as the value of the process variable is projected to move from the low-low alarm region to the low alarm region, from the low alarm region to the normal operating state, from the normal operating state to the high alarm region, and from the high alarm region to the high-high alarm region.
- Fig. 7B illustrates each icon 504 corresponding to the reverse transitions from the high-high alarm range down through the low-low alarm range.
- the icons 502, 504 have the same generally triangular shape as the icons 502, 504 of the other columns 526, 528 (to indicate a direction of the trend associated with the process variable). However, in contrast with the icons 502, 504 in the columns 526, 528, the icons 502, 504 of the state
- a different shape may be represented such as a generally octagonal shape as shown by the icons 602 of Fig. 7C with appropriate indicia (e.g., shading, patterns, colors, outlines, textual or symbolic notations, bordering, flashing, highlighting, etc.) to visually indicate the corresponding operating state of the process variable.
- the generally octagonal shape is provided because of its association with a stop sign to intuitively indicate the process variable is not changing (i.e., it has stopped).
- a different shape may be used to indicate such a condition of the process variable as shown by the shape of the icons 702 of Fig. 7D. While certain shapes have been described in connection with Figs. 7A-7D to indicate various characteristics (e.g., current state, projected state, trend) other suitable shapes and their corresponding orientation may alternatively be used. For examples, an arrow or other shape that indicates direction may be used in place of the icons 402, 406 of Fig. 7A and the icons 502, 504 of Fig. 7B.
- the horizontal relationship of the sections 806, 808 represents the change of state of the process variable over time. That is, the current state is indicated on the left (by the current state section 806) and the projected state (i.e., the state at a future point in time) is indicated on the right (by the projected state section 808). Additionally, the vertical relationship of the sections 806, 808 (e.g., viewed up or down in the direction pointed by the peak 810) represents the direction of the process variable.
- Fig. 8 also illustrates example steady state icons 812 having a generally rectangular shape.
- the steady state icons 812 also include two sections to provide consistency with the increasing and decreasing trend icons 802, 802 but each section 806, 808 has the same visual indicia of the operating state (e.g., shading, pattern, color, outline, textual or symbolic notation, bordering, flashing, highlighting, etc.) because a steady state implies that the projected state of an associated process variable is the same as the current state of the process variable.
- each section 806, 808 has the same visual indicia of the operating state (e.g., shading, pattern, color, outline, textual or symbolic notation, bordering, flashing, highlighting, etc.) because a steady state implies that the projected state of an associated process variable is the same as the current state of the process variable.
- the example icons 802, 804, 812 include a set point indicator 814 (e.g., a line denoting a desired value) to indicate the relative position of the value of the process variable with respect to a set point associated with the process variable.
- a set point indicator 814 e.g., a line denoting a desired value
- the set point indicator 814 in each of the corresponding icons 802, 804, 812 is positioned above the rest of the corresponding icon 802, 804, 812 (e.g., above the sections 806, 808) to indicate the process variable is below the set point.
- the set point indicator 814 is placed below the rest of the icons 802, 804, 812 to indicate the value of the process variable is above the set point, and the set point is positioned at the same level as the rest of the icons 802, 804, 812 to indicate when the value of the process variable is approximately at the set point. While Fig. 8 shows the set point indicator 814 behind the rest of the icons 802, 804, 810, in some examples, the set point indicator 814 is placed in front of (i.e., overlays) the rest of the icons 802, 804, 810.
- Fig. 9 illustrates icons 902, 904, 906 that function in the same way as the icons 802, 804, 810 of Fig. 8, except that the icons 902, 904, 906 have a different shape.
- the trend identifying shape e.g., triangular shape
- the trend identifying shape of the icons 902, 904, 906 to indicate the trend or direction of the process variable is exclusively associated with the current state of the process variable, while a separate section running along a side of the triangle serves to indicate the projected state of the process variable.
- Fig. 11 illustrates example icons 1102, 1104, 1106, 1108 with shapes similar to those described above.
- the triangles in icons 1102, 1106 indicate that the trend of the process variable is moving up or down, respectively.
- the rectangle in the icon 1104 indicates a steady state of the process variable, and the wavy rectangle in the icon 1108 indicates an oscillating or indeterminate pattern of the process variable.
- the shading of each shape indicates the corresponding operational state (e.g., normal operating state, high alarm state, low alarm state, high -high alarm state, low-low alarm state, etc.) of the process variable as described above.
- each of the shapes is positioned at various points along an operational range indicator 1110 (e.g., the solid vertical line).
- the range indicator 1110 is representative of a range of potential values at which the process variable may operate and a process variable indicator 1112 (e.g., the central dot of each icon 1102, 1104, 1106, 1108) corresponds to the location or position of the process variable within the range represented by the line 1110.
- the process variable is nearly at the upper extremity of the range of potential values and, therefore, is shown with a pattern corresponding to a high-high alarm state.
- the dashed horizontal line in each icon 1102, 1104, 1106, 1108 is a set point indicator 1114 (e.g., a dashed line) representative of the set point relative to the range of potential values indicated by the range indicator 1110.
- the set point indicator 1114 is shown in Fig. 11 as approximately in the middle of the range indicator 1110, the set point indicator 1114 may be located at any location along the range indicator 1110 depending upon the value of the set point and the corresponding values associated with the range defined by the range indicator 1110. In this manner, an operator may immediately determine the relative position (e.g., above/below) of the process variable with respect to the set point as in Figs. 8-9 but also visually assess the relative deviation of the process variable from the set point with respect to the extreme values of the process variable within an expected range of values for the process variable represented by the line 1110 to obtain a more accurate picture of the condition of the process variable.
- Fig. 12 illustrates example icons 1202, 1204, 1206, 1208 that correspond to the same states and corresponding trends as illustrated in the example icons 1102, 1104, 1106, 1108 of Fig. 11, respectively.
- the example icons 1202, 1204, 1206, 1208 include a process variable indicator 1210 that is an arrow head or pointer, instead of the dot 1112 of Fig. 11, to point the specific location of the process variable relative to the set point and the entire range of potential values for the process variable.
- the example icons 1202, 1206 include a projected state section 1212 to explicitly indicate in a visual manner, the direction of the trend and the anticipated state of the process variable if the trend continues on its projected path without change.
- the relative position and relative deviation of the process variable with respect to the set point and outer limits of potential values for the process variable is indicated by a black band that serves as a process variable indicator 1314 within the range bar 1312.
- the icons 1302, 1304, 1306, 1308 remain stationary and can be larger and of a consistent size when used in an operator display as compared to the examples of Figs. 11 and 12.
- alarm limit indicators 1512 are included within the range indicator bar 1510 to represent the points on the range corresponding to alarm limits for the process variable (e.g., similar to the alarm sections 1406, 1408 of Fig. 14 described above.)
- Fig. 17 illustrates a series of example icons 1702, 1704, 1706 similar to those of Figs. 15 and 16 corresponding to a process variable at various locations along a range defined by a range indicator.
- different shading e.g., flood fill
- the process variable is shown above the set point (based on the position of the process variable indicator (e.g., the black band)) and the trend identifying shape of the icons 1702 is an upward pointing triangle.
- the icons 1702, 1704 associated with a worsening state may be distinguished in any other suitable manner such as flashing, changing in color, size, intensity, pattern, orientation, etc.
- Another characteristic associated with a process variable that can be beneficial to an operator is the rate or speed at which a process variable is changing. For example, if a process variable is rapidly approaching an alarm limit, an operator can benefit from this knowledge to know that action must be taken quickly to avert potential problems whereas if a process variable is trending towards an alarm limit, but at a modest pace, the operator may monitor the process variable to determine if it is corrected before taking action. Accordingly, in the illustrated example of Fig.
- rate indicators 1710 e.g., the lines or tails stemming from the trend identifying shape.
- a greater number of rate indicators 1710 corresponds to a greater rate of change of the process variable.
- the rate indicators 1710 may also be displayed as thick lines when the corresponding process variable is in a worsening state.
- FIG. 6-17 While the example icons describe above in connection with Figs. 6-17 provide various visual indicia (e.g., shading, patterns, colors, shapes, sizes, lines, pointers, outlines, orientations, symbols, notations, bordering, flashing, highlighting, etc.) to convey the identified characteristics, trends, and/or conditions of corresponding process variables, other visual indicia and their appropriate orientation and composition may be used in addition to, or in place of, what is described above to convey the same characteristics and/or conditions.
- visual indicia e.g., shading, patterns, colors, shapes, sizes, lines, pointers, outlines, orientations, symbols, notations, bordering, flashing, highlighting, etc.
- the visual indicia of the icons described above may be combined in different ways and/or be given different meanings from what is described herein to convey the desired information and enable the salient attributes to stand out to operators in an intuitive manner with relatively little mental effort and/or time on the part of the operators.
- the intent of the visual indicia of the example icons described herein increase the efficiency of operators while reducing the potential for errors.
- the different icons and corresponding visual indicia described above in connection with Figs. 6-17 tradeoff in terms of the attributes of the process variables and/or the aspects of the corresponding trend information that are emphasized to an operator.
- the particular icons used in any particular process control system setting can vary based on the needs and/or circumstances of the particular operations being monitored and controlled and/or the preferences of the operators associated with the particular process control system.
- the icons rendered in a relatively sparse layout and arranged (e.g., horizontally aligned, vertically aligned, etc.) in a manner that draws the attention of the operators to the salient issues. For example, an icon indicating a single decreasing parameter among a number of other icons indicating parameters that are non-decreasing may pop-out or attract the attention of an operator for easy spotting.
- the graphic display application 30 may display one or more of the summary pane 130, the detailed pane 140, and the expanded pane 150, as shown in a detailed view 300 of the screen shot 110 of Fig. 5, in conjunction with the graphic depiction of the heater 112 of Fig. 5 as discussed above.
- the graphic display application 30 displays the same process variable on each pane 130, 140, 150 with increasingly more detail for each panel30, 140, 150.
- the detailed pane 140 includes and display more detailed process information for the process variable than the summary pane 130.
- the expanded pane 150 includes and display more detailed process information for the process variable than the detailed pane 140.
- the graphic display application 30 may determine to display the appropriate level of detail depending on the usage of the operator. For example, the graphic display application 30 may display full detail of all of the process variables when necessary. However, because of screen space constraints, the graphic display application 30 may have to provide a scroll bar that does not allow all of the possible information to be seen by the operator at once. In this case, the graphic display application 30 may hide the summary pane 130 and detailed pane 140 to create more screen space for the expanded pane 150.
- the graphic display application 30 may determine that all process variables should be visible and may shrink or hide the expanded views of some or all of the process variables 151, 152, 154 or some or all of the detailed views of the process variables 141, 142, 144. In another implementation, the graphic display application 30 may determine to display all information for critical process variables or critical details within the graphical
- the measured value indicator 1914 is positioned at the same level as the trend indicator of the corresponding icon 1808, 1810, 1812 while the set point value indicator 1912 is positioned at a level corresponding to each respective set point indicator to provide a second visual indication of whether the value of the process variable is above, below, or approximately the same as the set point. Furthermore, the measured value indicator 1914 is filled with the same shading as the current state section of the
- the trend graphs 2008 may identify alarm state portions 2016 (e.g., via different shading, patterns, colors, or other visually distinguishable indicia) that enable the timing, duration, and state of alarms associated with the process variable to be tracked or tagged over time.
- a top banner 1818, of the example process variable panes 130, 140, 150, and 1800 of Figs. 18A-18D provides a title and/or code 1820 associated with the plant, area, unit, module or other component of a process control system corresponding to the summary pane 1800.
- the top banner 1818 may also include a summary icon 1822 that provides summary data associated the process variables associated with the component of the process control system corresponding to the process variable summary pane 1800.
- the summary icon 1822 indicates the worst current state (e.g., by the shading or other graphical indicia of the large circle) and/or the worst projected state (e.g., by the shading or other graphical indicia of the small circle) among all process variables associated with the corresponding component of the process control system.
- the top banner 1818 includes a navigation button 1824 that enables an operator to navigate to a dedicated screen (e.g., a graphical representation 53 displayed via viewport 52) associated with the particular component of the process control system.
- the top banner 1818 of the summary pane 1800 also includes a collapse/expand button 1826 to collapse the process variable summary pane 1800 to just the top banner 1818 as shown in Fig. 18D, or to expand the process variable summary pane 1800 of Fig. 18D to anyone of the expanded views shown in Figs. 18A- 18B.
- the graphic display application 30 determines there is not enough space within the designated display area (block 3424)
- the graphic display application 30 adjusts the zoom of existing process variable summary pane(s) (block 3426). For example, the graphic display application 30 may reduce the existing process variable summary pane(s) to a lower level of detail and/or collapse the summary pane to only display the top banner.
- the operator interface renders the process variable summary pane with the requested information via the display (block 3428).
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Abstract
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EP14723169.0A EP2972625B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-13 | Graphical process variable trend monitoring for a process control system |
EP21167732.3A EP3869287A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-13 | Graphical process variable trend monitoring for a process control system |
CN201480014886.3A CN105144011B (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-13 | Graphic procedure variable trends for Process Control System monitor |
DE112014001472.9T DE112014001472T5 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-13 | Graphical trend monitoring of process variables for a process control system |
JP2016502019A JP7071052B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-13 | How to generate and display graphic trend symbols for process control systems, and computer-readable storage media |
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US14/207,227 US10013149B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-03-12 | Graphical process variable trend monitoring for a process control system |
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US20140282195A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
WO2014151559A3 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
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