WO2014128320A1 - Food formulation comprising spent coffee grounds - Google Patents
Food formulation comprising spent coffee grounds Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014128320A1 WO2014128320A1 PCT/ES2014/070062 ES2014070062W WO2014128320A1 WO 2014128320 A1 WO2014128320 A1 WO 2014128320A1 ES 2014070062 W ES2014070062 W ES 2014070062W WO 2014128320 A1 WO2014128320 A1 WO 2014128320A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coffee
- food formulation
- formulation according
- marros
- food
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/24—Organic nitrogen compounds
- A21D2/26—Proteins
- A21D2/264—Vegetable proteins
- A21D2/266—Vegetable proteins from leguminous or other vegetable seeds; from press-cake or oil bearing seeds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/36—Vegetable material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/117—Flakes or other shapes of ready-to-eat type; Semi-finished or partly-finished products therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel food formulation comprising a combination of spent coffee grounds as a source of antioxidant insoluble dietary fibre and a source of proteins, together with other additional ingredients, used to make healthy solid food for bakeries, pastry shops, and confectioner's, including bread, pastries, biscuits, breakfast cereals and appetisers, for the general population and for people with special nutritional requirements.
Description
FORMULACIÓN ALIMENTARIA QUE COMPRENDE MARROS DE CAFÉ Y SUS APLICACIONES FOOD FORMULATION THAT INCLUDES COFFEE FRAMES AND ITS APPLICATIONS
DESCRIPCIÓN SECTOR DE LA TÉCNICA SECTOR DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNIQUE
La presente invención se refiere a una formulación alimentaria que comprende fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante, incorporada a través de los marros de café y con aplicación en el sector de la alimentación. Esta invención se refiere también al sector del reciclaje, ya que la materia prima fuente de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante, es un subproducto que se trata mayoritariamente como un residuo. The present invention relates to a food formulation comprising antioxidant insoluble dietary fiber, incorporated through coffee marros and with application in the food sector. This invention also refers to the recycling sector, since the source material source of antioxidant insoluble dietary fiber is a by-product that is mostly treated as a waste.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
El café es una de las bebidas más populares y consumidas en todo el mundo a día de hoy. La industria del café genera una ingente cantidad de sub-productos ricos en carbohidratos, proteínas, pectinas, compuestos bioactivos tales como los polifenoles y se consideran como fuentes renovables de bajo coste (Murthy, P.S y Madhava Naidu, M. (2010). Protease production by Aspergillus oryzae in solid state fermentation utilizing coffee by-products. World Applied Science Journal, 8(2): 199-205). Se cree que la producción de café se incrementará en los próximos años por lo que es necesario buscar estrategias que permitan revalorizar de un modo rentable y respetuoso con el medio ambiente los subproductos derivados de esta industria. Una de las maneras más rentables podría ser la utilización de éstos en la formulación de los alimentos llamados funcionales y/o para personas con requerimientos nutricionales particulares (PARNUTS). Coffee is one of the most popular and consumed beverages worldwide today. The coffee industry generates a huge amount of by-products rich in carbohydrates, proteins, pectins, bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and are considered as renewable sources of low cost (Murthy, PS and Madhava Naidu, M. (2010). Protease production by Aspergillus oryzae in solid state fermentation utilizing coffee by-products, World Applied Science Journal, 8 (2): 199-205). It is believed that coffee production will increase in the coming years, so it is necessary to look for strategies that allow by-products to be revalued in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way. One of the most profitable ways could be the use of these in the formulation of foods called functional and / or for people with particular nutritional requirements (PARNUTS).
Los PARNUTS son productos alimenticios cuya composición y preparación ha sido diseñada especialmente para satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales concretas de la personas a las que se destinan (Directiva 89/398/CEE del Consejo, de 3 de mayo de 1989). Los PARNUTS incluyen: 1 ) Fórmulas para lactantes y preparados de continuación; 2) Alimentos o fórmulas infantiles; 3) Alimentos dietéticos para situaciones médicas especiales (sin gluten, sin
lactosa); 4) Alimentos adelgazantes, utilizados en dietas de bajo valor energético para reducción de peso; 5) Alimentos para deporte, adaptados a los gastos por esfuerzos musculares intensos. The PARNUTS are food products whose composition and preparation has been specially designed to meet the specific nutritional needs of the people to whom they are intended (Council Directive 89/398 / EEC of 3 May 1989). The PARNUTS include: 1) Infant formulas and continuation preparations; 2) Food or infant formulas; 3) Dietary foods for special medical situations (gluten free, without lactose); 4) Slimming foods, used in low energy diets for weight reduction; 5) Food for sports, adapted to the expenses of intense muscular efforts.
La industria de este tipo de alimentos está en expansión y ha demostrado una alta rentabilidad. La publicación reciente, y particularmente en los últimos 10 años, de artículos científicos que proponen aplicaciones nuevas para los subproductos del café son un reflejo del gran interés y potencial de los mismos para su aplicación innovadora en diferentes ámbitos (Esquivel, P. y Jiménez, V.M. (2012). Functional properties of coffee and coffee by-products. Food Research International, 46, 488-495; Murthy, P.S et al. (2012). Extraction, charactenzation and bioactivity of coffee anthocyanins. European Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(1 ): 13-9). The industry of this type of food is expanding and has shown high profitability. The recent publication, and particularly in the last 10 years, of scientific articles that propose new applications for coffee by-products are a reflection of their great interest and potential for innovative application in different fields (Esquivel, P. and Jiménez, VM (2012). Functional properties of coffee and coffee by-products. Food Research International, 46, 488-495; Murthy, PS et al. (2012). Extraction, charactenzation and bioactivity of coffee anthocyanins. European Journal of Biological Sciences, 4 (1): 13-9).
Desde la cosecha hasta la elaboración de la bebida de café se producen hasta 5 tipos distintos de subproductos. Después de la cosecha y durante el procesado del grano de café, dependiendo de si el proceso es húmedo o seco, los subproductos que se generan son de naturaleza distinta. Durante el procesado por el método húmedo se genera pulpa y pergamino; mientras que, siguiendo el procesado seco se genera cáscara de café. Durante el tostado se libera un solo subproducto conocido como cascarilla de café o piel de plata. La elaboración de la bebida da lugar a la producción de posos o marros de café denominados en inglés como "spent waste, spent coffee grounds o spent coffee". Éste último subproducto es el más abundante (~ 45%) de todos los generados durante el procesado del café (Murthy, P.S, et al. (2012). Extraction, charactenzation and bioactivity of coffee anthocyanins. European Journal of Biological Sciences 4(1 ): 13-9) . From the harvest to the production of the coffee drink, up to 5 different types of by-products are produced. After harvesting and during the processing of the coffee bean, depending on whether the process is wet or dry, the by-products that are generated are of a different nature. Pulp and parchment are generated during the wet method processing; while, following the dry processing coffee husk is generated. During roasting a single by-product known as coffee husk or silver skin is released. The elaboration of the drink leads to the production of coffee grounds or coffee beds denominated in English as "spent waste, spent coffee grounds or spent coffee". The latter by-product is the most abundant (~ 45%) of all those generated during coffee processing (Murthy, PS, et al. (2012). Extraction, charactenzation and bioactivity of coffee anthocyanins. European Journal of Biological Sciences 4 (1 ): 13-9).
Aproximadamente el 50% del café que se produce a nivel mundial se destina a la preparación de café soluble (Ramalakshmi, K., et al. (2009). Bioactivities of low-grade green coffee and spent coffee in different in vitro model systems. Food Chemistry, 1 15:79-85) el cual representa 1/3 del consumo total mundial de café, mientras que en España el consumo del café soluble puro es de 0.170 Kg por año y habitante (http://www.forumdelcafe.com/pdf/F_07-Soluble.pdf). Los marros del café bien pueden generarse durante la elaboración de la bebida
a nivel doméstico o industrial. La producción de marros a nivel industrial se da en el proceso de elaboración del denominado café soluble o instantáneo. Approximately 50% of the coffee produced worldwide is used to prepare soluble coffee (Ramalakshmi, K., et al. (2009). Bioactivities of low-grade green coffee and spent coffee in different in vitro model systems. Food Chemistry, 1 15: 79-85) which represents 1/3 of the total world coffee consumption, while in Spain the consumption of pure soluble coffee is 0.170 Kg per year per inhabitant (http: //www.forumdelcafe. com / pdf / F_07-Soluble.pdf). Coffee marros may well be generated during the preparation of the beverage at domestic or industrial level. The production of marros at the industrial level occurs in the process of making the so-called instant or soluble coffee.
Estudios previos, realizados por otros autores y por los propios inventores de la presente solicitud de patente, indican que entre los componentes fundamentales de los marros del café pueden encontrarse compuestos de interés nutricional; por lo que, este subproducto del procesado del café podría utilizarse en alimentos (Murthy, P.S. y Naidu, M.M. (2010). Production and application of xylanase from Penicillium sp. utilizing coffee by-products. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5(2):657-64; Murthy, P.S. y Naidu, M.M. (2010). Recovery of phenolic antioxidants and functional compounds from coffee industry by-products. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5(3):897-903; Rocha, B.A., et al. (2010). Comparison between the antioxidant properties of slurry of the coffee (Coffea Arábica) and coffee beverage. Pharmacological Research, 1 (5), 245-9; y Mussatto, S. I., et al. (201 1 ). A study on chemical constituents and sugars extraction from spent coffee grounds. Carbohydrate Polymers, 83, 368-74). Previous studies, carried out by other authors and by the inventors of the present patent application themselves, indicate that among the fundamental components of coffee marros, compounds of nutritional interest can be found; Therefore, this by-product of coffee processing could be used in food (Murthy, PS and Naidu, MM (2010). Production and application of xylanase from Penicillium sp. utilizing coffee by-products. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5 (2) : 657-64; Murthy, PS and Naidu, MM (2010). Recovery of phenolic antioxidants and functional compounds from coffee industry by-products. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5 (3): 897-903; Rocha, BA, et al (2010), Comparison between the antioxidant properties of slurry of the coffee (Coffea Arabica) and coffee beverage, Pharmacological Research, 1 (5), 245-9; and Mussatto, SI, et al. (201 1). on chemical constituents and sugars extraction from spent coffee grounds. Carbohydrate Polymers, 83, 368-74).
Recientemente, se ha propuesto la utilización de los marros del café expreso como una fuente natural de antioxidantes. Los autores de estas investigaciones encontraron diferencias en composición entre marros de café derivados del proceso de elaboración de café expreso y café soluble industrial. Según los resultados descritos por estos autores, en concordancia con los que presentan en esta invención, los marros de café soluble no serían una fuente natural adecuada para la obtención de compuestos solubles antioxidantes por sucesivas extracciones (Cruz, R., et al. (2012). Espresso Coffee Residues: A Valuable Source of Unextracted Compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60, 7777-7784). La mayor parte de los antioxidantes solubles presentes en el café se extraen durante el proceso de extracción sólido-líquido que se lleva a cabo durante la producción industrial de café soluble. Si bien quedan parte de éstos incorporados a la compleja estructura de la fibra insoluble de café proporcionándole particulares y atractivas propiedades antioxidantes.
Por otra parte la fibra insoluble con propiedades antioxidantes es el componente que convierte a los marros del café en un potencial atractivo ingrediente funcional. Sin embargo, es necesario considerar que el contenido en compuestos de interés nutricional y/o bioactivos, pueden variar en función de la variedad y origen geográfico de la materia prima; así como, del proceso que se emplee en la elaboración de la bebida de café (expreso o industrial). Entre las aplicaciones futuras que se podría dar a los marros se ha planteado como muy interesantes su incorporación en la elaboración de cereales de desayuno, pan, galletas y aperitivo (Murthy, P.S. y Naidu, M.M. (2012). Sustainable management of coffee industry by-products and valué addition-A review. Resources Conservation and Recicling, 66, 45-58) sin que, en el conocimiento de los inventores, se haya realizado un desarrollo posterior de los nuevos alimentos. Otro sub-producto del procesado del café, la piel de plata o cascarilla, se ha utilizado con éxito en la elaboración de pan (Pourfarzad, A., et al. (2013). Coffee silverskin as a source of dietary fiber in bread-making: Optimization of chemical treatment using response surface methodology. LWT Food Science and Technology, 50(2), 599-606). Recently, the use of espresso coffee marros has been proposed as a natural source of antioxidants. The authors of these investigations found differences in composition between coffee marros derived from the process of making espresso coffee and industrial soluble coffee. According to the results described by these authors, in accordance with those presented in this invention, soluble coffee marros would not be a suitable natural source for obtaining antioxidant soluble compounds by successive extractions (Cruz, R., et al. (2012 ) Espresso Coffee Residues: A Valuable Source of Unextracted Compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60, 7777-7784). Most of the soluble antioxidants present in coffee are extracted during the solid-liquid extraction process that is carried out during the industrial production of soluble coffee. Although part of these are incorporated into the complex structure of the insoluble coffee fiber providing particular and attractive antioxidant properties. On the other hand, insoluble fiber with antioxidant properties is the component that turns coffee marros into a potential attractive functional ingredient. However, it is necessary to consider that the content of compounds of nutritional and / or bioactive interest may vary depending on the variety and geographical origin of the raw material; as well as, of the process that is used in the elaboration of the coffee drink (express or industrial). Among the future applications that could be given to the Marros has been considered as very interesting their incorporation in the elaboration of breakfast cereals, bread, cookies and appetizer (Murthy, PS and Naidu, MM (2012). Sustainable management of coffee industry by -products and valué addition-A review. Resources Conservation and Recicling, 66, 45-58) without, in the knowledge of the inventors, a further development of the new foods has been carried out. Another by-product of coffee processing, silver skin or husk, has been used successfully in bread making (Pourfarzad, A., et al. (2013). Coffee silverskin as a source of dietary fiber in bread- making: Optimization of chemical treatment using response surface methodology. LWT Food Science and Technology, 50 (2), 599-606).
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Breve Descripción Short description
La invención se refiere a una formulación alimentaria suplementada en fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante y proteínas, que comprende un contenido de entre el 4% y el 8% de marros de café, en adelante formulación alimentaria de la invención. The invention relates to a food formulation supplemented with insoluble antioxidant dietary fiber and proteins, comprising a content of between 4% and 8% of coffee marros, hereinafter food formulation of the invention.
En otro aspecto de la invención, la formulación alimentaria de la invención comprende marros de café que se obtienen de la elaboración del café expreso y/o industrial y que se utilizan según alguna de las siguientes presentaciones:In another aspect of the invention, the food formulation of the invention comprises coffee marros that are obtained from the manufacture of espresso and / or industrial coffee and that are used according to any of the following presentations:
- polvo liofilizado, - lyophilized powder,
- marros de café secados al sol o por cualquier otra fuente de calor y atomizado, o - coffee fields dried in the sun or by any other source of heat and atomized, or
- aplicado directamente sin ningún tipo de procesado.
Otro aspecto de la invención lo constituye la formulación de la invención, que adicionalmente comprende una mezcla homogénea de al menos los siguientes ingredientes básicos: - applied directly without any processing. Another aspect of the invention is the formulation of the invention, which additionally comprises a homogeneous mixture of at least the following basic ingredients:
- harina, con un contenido mínimo del 25%, - flour, with a minimum content of 25%,
- agua, con un contenido mínimo del 5%, - water, with a minimum content of 5%,
- aceite, con un contenido mínimo del 8%, y - oil, with a minimum content of 8%, and
- agente de fermentación, con un contenido mínimo del 0,6%. - fermentation agent, with a minimum content of 0.6%.
Otro aspecto de la presente invención, lo constituye el uso de la formulación alimentaria de la invención para la elaboración de productos alimentarios sólidos saludables de panadería, bollería y confitería (ver Ejemplos 3 y 4), que sean fuente de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante y proteínas, y que presenten bajo contenido en azúcares, y entre los que se encuentran pan, bollos, galletas, cereales de desayuno y aperitivos. Descripción Detallada Another aspect of the present invention is the use of the food formulation of the invention for the preparation of healthy solid food products for bakery, pastries and confectionery (see Examples 3 and 4), which are sources of insoluble dietary fiber, antioxidant and proteins. , and that have low sugar content, and among which are bread, rolls, biscuits, breakfast cereals and snacks. Detailed description
La presente invención se basa en la observación de que los marros de café, un sub-producto obtenido en importantes cantidades durante la manufactura del café doméstico o soluble industrial, y que constituyen una fuente natural de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante y proteínas (ver Ejemplo 1 ), pueden ser utilizados directamente en la elaboración de alimentos sólidos saludables de panadería, bollería y confitería sin que se vea afectado el proceso de elaboración convencional y la calidad del producto listo para su consumo (ver Ejemplos 3 y 4). The present invention is based on the observation that coffee marros, a by-product obtained in significant quantities during the manufacture of domestic or industrial soluble coffee, and that constitute a natural source of antioxidant insoluble dietary fiber and proteins (see Example 1 ), can be used directly in the preparation of healthy solid bakery, pastry and confectionery foods without affecting the conventional manufacturing process and the quality of the product ready for consumption (see Examples 3 and 4).
El uso de los marros de café en alimentación, utilizados como fuente natural de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante y de proteínas, permite satisfacer demandas concretas de los consumidores actuales y por tanto presenta ventajas económicas, nutricionales y ambientales. The use of coffee marros in food, used as a natural source of insoluble antioxidant dietary fiber and protein, allows to meet specific demands of current consumers and therefore presents economic, nutritional and environmental advantages.
Desde el punto de vista económico, se consigue la revalorización de un subproducto que no tenía aprovechamiento previo, y que podrá utilizarse como un nuevo ingrediente alimentario, todo ello con un coste muy reducido (tanto por el nulo coste de la materia prima a emplear, como por la posibilidad de utilizar el producto directamente o con una mínima transformación o tratamiento),
posibilitando el incremento de competitividad de las empresas de café y productoras de los alimentos. From the economic point of view, the revaluation of a by-product that had no previous use is achieved, and that can be used as a new food ingredient, all with a very low cost (both for the zero cost of the raw material to be used, as for the possibility of using the product directly or with minimal transformation or treatment), enabling the increase of competitiveness of coffee companies and food producers.
Adicionalmente, la abundancia de los marros del café, en relación con otras fibras insolubles de origen natural, le proporciona una ventaja en tanto en cuanto es una fuente de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante disponible para la elaboración de productos alimentarios. Additionally, the abundance of coffee marros, in relation to other insoluble fibers of natural origin, provides an advantage in that it is a source of insoluble antioxidant dietary fiber available for the production of food products.
Desde el punto de vista nutricional, la utilización como ingrediente que constituye una fuente natural de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante y de proteínas, presenta beneficios para la salud de los consumidores, ya que los marros de café son una fuente natural de fibra y de proteínas que puede emplearse de manera inmediata en la formulación de alimentos destinados a personas que requieren bajo consumo energético y con requerimientos nutricionales particulares (obesos, diabéticos y celíacos). From the nutritional point of view, the use as an ingredient that constitutes a natural source of insoluble antioxidant and protein dietary fiber, presents benefits for the health of consumers, since coffee marros are a natural source of fiber and proteins that It can be used immediately in the formulation of food intended for people who require low energy consumption and with particular nutritional requirements (obese, diabetic and celiac).
Finalmente, y desde un punto de vista ambiental, la reducción de los materiales residuales que deben recibir un tratamiento adecuado, fundamentalmente mediante vertido, contribuiría a disminuir el impacto medio ambiental que ocasionan las empresas productoras de café instantáneo. Finally, and from an environmental point of view, the reduction of the residual materials that should receive an adequate treatment, fundamentally by means of spillage, would contribute to diminish the environmental impact caused by the companies that produce instant coffee.
A lo largo de la presente invención se entiende por fuente natural de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante, el producto que presenta simultáneamente las propiedades nutricionales características de la fibra dietética insoluble, material indigestible por las enzimas del tracto gastrointestinal con efectos positivos para la salud tales como la regulación intestinal, aumenta la sensación de saciedad y adelgazante, y una significativa capacidad antioxidante. Las propiedades antioxidantes de la fibra dietética de los marros se adscriben principalmente a la posible presencia en su estructura de compuestos fenólicos típicos del café asociados a la estructura polimérica de la fibra. Throughout the present invention, natural source of antioxidant insoluble dietary fiber is understood as the product that simultaneously presents the characteristic nutritional properties of insoluble dietary fiber, a material indigestible by enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract with positive health effects such as intestinal regulation, increases the feeling of satiety and slimming, and a significant antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant properties of the dietary fiber of the marros are mainly ascribed to the possible presence in their structure of phenolic compounds typical of coffee associated with the polymeric structure of the fiber.
Así, constituye un primer aspecto de la presente invención una formulación alimentaria suplementada en fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante y proteínas, que denominamos formulación de la invención, y que comprende un contenido de entre el 4% y el 8% de marros de café. Thus, a food formulation supplemented with insoluble antioxidant dietary fiber and proteins is a first aspect of the present invention, which we call formulation of the invention, and comprising a content of between 4% and 8% of coffee marros.
El contenido de entre el 4% y el 8% de marros de café se corresponde con un porcentaje de fibra de entre el 3% (fuente de fibra) y el 7% (alto contenido en
fibra) que fija la legislación alimentaria para el etiquetado de los productos alimentarios que se comercializan como enriquecidos en fibra y que no la contienen de manera natural. The content of between 4% and 8% of coffee marros corresponds to a percentage of fiber between 3% (source of fiber) and 7% (high content of fiber) which sets the food legislation for the labeling of food products that are marketed as enriched in fiber and that do not contain it naturally.
En otro aspecto de la invención, la formulación alimentaria de la invención comprende marros de café que se obtienen de la elaboración del café expreso y/o industrial y que se utilizan según alguna de las siguientes presentaciones: In another aspect of the invention, the food formulation of the invention comprises coffee marros that are obtained from the manufacture of espresso and / or industrial coffee and that are used according to any of the following presentations:
- polvo liofilizado, - lyophilized powder,
- marros de café secados al sol o por cualquier otra fuente de calor y atomizado, o - coffee fields dried in the sun or by any other source of heat and atomized, or
- aplicado directamente sin ningún tipo de procesado. - applied directly without any processing.
En una realización preferida los marros de café son un polvo liofilizado de la variedad Robusta. In a preferred embodiment the coffee marros are a lyophilized powder of the Robusta variety.
Para el experto en la materia resultará fácil identificar que otras variedades de café, como la variedad Arábica, o incluso mezclas de distintas variedades, presentarán también marros de café con importantes contenidos de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante que podrán utilizarse en sustitución de los de la variedad Robusta. For the person skilled in the art, it will be easy to identify that other varieties of coffee, such as the Arabica variety, or even mixtures of different varieties, will also present coffee grounds with important contents of antioxidant insoluble dietary fiber that can be used instead of those of the variety Robust.
Otro aspecto de la invención lo constituye la formulación alimentaria de la invención en la que los marros de café soluble presentan las siguientes características: Another aspect of the invention is the food formulation of the invention in which soluble coffee marros have the following characteristics:
- contenido de fibra dietética total superior al 80%, de la cual un 99% es fracción insoluble, - total dietary fiber content exceeding 80%, of which 99% is insoluble fraction,
- capacidad antioxidante de 0.333 ± 0.167 mg eq. CGA/100 mg marros, - antioxidant capacity of 0.333 ± 0.167 mg eq. CGA / 100 mg brown,
- contenido de proteínas del 8 %, y - 8% protein content, and
- contenido de achlamida de 40 pg/Kg. - Achlamide content of 40 pg / kg.
Otro aspecto de la invención lo constituye la formulación alimentaria de la invención en la que los marros de café rinden un extracto acuoso con las siguientes características: Another aspect of the invention is the food formulation of the invention in which coffee marros yield an aqueous extract with the following characteristics:
- concentración de glucosa de 0.0677 ± 0.101 mg/100 mg extracto, - concentración de cafeína de 0.204 ± 0.003 mg/100 mg extracto, - glucose concentration of 0.0677 ± 0.101 mg / 100 mg extract, - caffeine concentration of 0.204 ± 0.003 mg / 100 mg extract,
- concentración de ácido clorogénico de 0.007 ± 0.0 mg/100 mg extracto, y
- concentración de polifenoles totales de 0.1 19 ± 0.009 mg/100 mg extracto. - concentration of chlorogenic acid of 0.007 ± 0.0 mg / 100 mg extract, and - concentration of total polyphenols of 0.1 19 ± 0.009 mg / 100 mg extract.
En consecuencia, los marros de café presentan bajo contenido de compuestos antioxidantes extraíble con agua a elevada temperatura (100°C) indicando que los marros de café están exhaustos de compuestos fenólicos libres y otros compuestos bioactivos de interés, es decir, que existen compuestos bioactivos ligados a la fibra directamente, aunque no son extraíbles con el procedimiento descrito. Consequently, coffee marros have low content of antioxidant compounds removable with high temperature water (100 ° C) indicating that coffee marros are depleted of free phenolic compounds and other bioactive compounds of interest, that is, there are bioactive compounds linked to the fiber directly, although they are not removable with the procedure described.
Otro aspecto de la invención lo constituye la formulación de la invención, que adicionalmente comprende una mezcla homogénea de al menos los siguientes ingredientes básicos: Another aspect of the invention is the formulation of the invention, which additionally comprises a homogeneous mixture of at least the following basic ingredients:
- harina, con un contenido mínimo del 25%, - flour, with a minimum content of 25%,
- agua, con un contenido mínimo del 5%, - water, with a minimum content of 5%,
- aceite, con un contenido mínimo del 8%, y - oil, with a minimum content of 8%, and
- agente de fermentación, con un contenido mínimo del 0,6%. - fermentation agent, with a minimum content of 0.6%.
De forma alternativa la formulación alimentaria de la invención puede contener otros ingredientes adicionales como un agente emulsionante, un agente edulcorante o un agente saborizante, agregados de forma única o en combinación. Alternatively, the food formulation of the invention may contain other additional ingredients such as an emulsifying agent, a sweetening agent or a flavoring agent, added in a single or in combination form.
Una realización particular de la invención la constituye una formulación alimentaria que comprende una combinación de los ingredientes básicos y al menos uno de los siguientes ingredientes adicionales: A particular embodiment of the invention is a food formulation comprising a combination of the basic ingredients and at least one of the following additional ingredients:
- agente emulsionante, con un contenido comprendido entre el 0,35% y el 0,7%, - emulsifying agent, with a content between 0.35% and 0.7%,
- agente edulcorante, con un contenido comprendido entre el 0,5% y el - sweetening agent, with a content between 0.5% and
17%, y 17%, and
- agente saborizante, en la cantidad adecuada para conseguir los objetivos organolépticos que se persigan. - flavoring agent, in the right amount to achieve the organoleptic objectives that are pursued.
En una realización particular, la harina de la formulación de la invención se selecciona, de entre las siguientes: harina de trigo, harina de maíz y harina de soja. Para el experto en la materia resultará obvio que se puede emplear cualquier otro tipo de harina, seleccionada a título indicativo y no limitativo de
entre las siguientes: cebada, centeno, arroz, patata, sorgo, tapioca, o almidones derivados los anteriores productos. In a particular embodiment, the flour of the formulation of the invention is selected from the following: wheat flour, cornmeal and soybean meal. It will be obvious to the person skilled in the art that any other type of flour can be used, selected for indicative purposes and not limited to Among the following: barley, rye, rice, potato, sorghum, tapioca, or starches derived from the above products.
En otra realización particular, el aceite de la formulación de la invención es un aceite vegetal comestible bajo en ácidos grasos saturados, preferentemente aceite girasol. Para un experto en la materia resultará obvio que se puede emplear cualquier otro tipo de aceite similar, seleccionado a título indicativo y no limitativo de entre los siguientes: soja, germen de maíz, germen de trigo, nueces, sésamo, cártamo, pepitas de uva, y arroz. In another particular embodiment, the oil of the formulation of the invention is an edible vegetable oil low in saturated fatty acids, preferably sunflower oil. For an expert in the field it will be obvious that any other type of similar oil can be used, selected for indicative purposes and not limited to the following: soy, corn germ, wheat germ, nuts, sesame, safflower, grape seeds , and rice.
En otra realización particular, el agente de fermentación de la formulación se elige entre levadura química y levadura fresca. In another particular embodiment, the fermentation agent of the formulation is chosen from chemical yeast and fresh yeast.
En otra realización particular, el agente emulsionante de la formulación es lecitina de soja. Sin embargo, para el experto en la materia resultará obvio que se puede emplear cualquier otro tipo de agente emulsionante como sorbitán, polisorbato, monoestearato, triesterato, tartrato, monopalmitato, monooleato, monolaurato, polirricinoleato, esteres poliglicéridos, mono y digliceridos de los ácidos grasos, sucroésteres, ésteres de sacarosa y ácidos grasos y sucroglicéridos. In another particular embodiment, the emulsifying agent of the formulation is soy lecithin. However, it will be obvious to the person skilled in the art that any other type of emulsifying agent such as sorbitan, polysorbate, monostearate, triesterate, tartrate, monopalmitate, monooleate, monolaurate, polyyrricinoleate, polyglyceride esters, mono and diglycerides of fatty acids can be used , sucrose esters, sucrose esters and fatty acids and sucroglycerides.
En otra realización particular el agente edulcorante se elige, entre sacarosa y stevia. Para el experto en la materia resultará obvio que se puede emplear cualquier otro tipo de agente edulcorante como xilitol, sorbitol, maltitol, fructosa y galacto-oligosacáridos. Sustitutos de azúcar de bajo contenido calórico y preferiblemente de origen natural. In another particular embodiment the sweetening agent is chosen, between sucrose and stevia. It will be obvious to the person skilled in the art that any other type of sweetening agent such as xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, fructose and galacto-oligosaccharides can be used. Sugar substitutes of low caloric content and preferably of natural origin.
En la formulación de los nuevos alimentos se ha evaluado la posibilidad de sustituir en su totalidad o pardamente el azúcar por los glucósidos de steviol (stevia). El empleo de este edulcorante natural (E-960) ha sido aceptado recientemente en el ámbito europeo (Reglamento (UE) N° 1 131/201 1 de la Comisión Europea de 1 1 de Noviembre de 201 1 ). Se estima que ya en más de 56 millones de hogares europeos puede encontrarse stevia y productos que contienen este edulcorante natural. Este hito ha tenido lugar sólo un año después de su aceptación en Europa. Se cree que este éxito se debe a la elevada incidencia en Europa de obesidad y diabetes tipo 2 lo que implica que
los consumidores estén más interesados en alimentos con bajo índice glicémico y calórico. In the formulation of the new foods, the possibility of substituting in whole or in part the sugar by steviol glycosides (stevia) has been evaluated. The use of this natural sweetener (E-960) has recently been accepted at European level (Regulation (EU) No. 1 131/201 1 of the European Commission of 1 November 1, 201 1). It is estimated that stevia and products containing this natural sweetener can already be found in more than 56 million European homes. This milestone has taken place only one year after its acceptance in Europe. It is believed that this success is due to the high incidence in Europe of obesity and type 2 diabetes which implies that consumers are more interested in foods with low glycemic and caloric index.
Es por ello que en una realización preferida el agente edulcorante es una combinación de sacarosa y stevia. That is why in a preferred embodiment the sweetening agent is a combination of sucrose and stevia.
En otra realización particular los agentes saborizantes se eligen de entre los siguientes, sal, cacao puro en polvo sin azúcar y ralladura de limón. In another particular embodiment, the flavoring agents are chosen from among the following, salt, pure unsweetened cocoa powder and lemon zest.
El cacao puede incluir cualquier producto que de un sabor a cacao, incluyendo, pero no limitando a, cacao magro en polvo, cacao magro, cacao desgrasado en polvo, cacao desgrasado, chocolate con edulcorantes no calóricos, chocolate artificial y sucedáneos de chocolate. Cocoa may include any product that has a cocoa flavor, including, but not limited to, lean cocoa powder, lean cocoa, defatted cocoa powder, defatted cocoa, chocolate with non-caloric sweeteners, artificial chocolate and chocolate substitutes.
Para el experto en la materia resultará obvio que es posible la sustitución de alguno de los agentes saborizantes, o la adición de algún nuevo agente saborizante, que se elija a modo ilustrativo y no limitativo de entre los siguientes: frutos secos (almendras, cacahuetes, pistachos), copos de avena, copos de maíz, copos de trigo, coco, vainilla, canela, menta, hierbabuena, extractos de frutas y esencias (fresa, limón, arándanos, cerezas), calabaza, zanahoria y otros saborizantes naturales o sintéticos. It will be obvious to the person skilled in the art that the substitution of some of the flavoring agents is possible, or the addition of some new flavoring agent, which is chosen by way of illustration and not limited to the following: dried fruits (almonds, peanuts, pistachios), oat flakes, corn flakes, wheat flakes, coconut, vanilla, cinnamon, mint, peppermint, fruit extracts and essences (strawberry, lemon, blueberries, cherries), pumpkin, carrot and other natural or synthetic flavors.
También se pueden incluir otros ingredientes para mejorar el aspecto visual, a través de colorantes naturales y artificiales, pigmentos, y compuestos que los contienen. Entre los colorantes se incluyen: carotenos, cúrcuma, azafrán, té verde matcha, cacao en polvo desgrasado, semillas de amapola, betanina (rojo de remolacha), antocianinas, luteína, licopeno, cantaxantina, color caramelo, tartrazina, amarillo anaranjado S, amarillo ocaso, eritrosina, carmín índigo, achiote y otros colorantes conocidos por los expertos en la técnica. Other ingredients can also be included to improve the visual appearance, through natural and artificial colors, pigments, and compounds containing them. Dyes include: carotenes, turmeric, saffron, matcha green tea, defatted cocoa powder, poppy seeds, betanin (beet red), anthocyanins, lutein, lycopene, canthaxanthin, caramel color, tartrazine, orange yellow S, yellow sunset, erythrosine, indigo carmine, achiote and other dyes known to those skilled in the art.
La formulación alimentaria de la invención también se puede utilizar como un vehículo para la administración de vitaminas, como por ejemplo, A, B1 2, C, D, E, K, ácido para-aminobenzoico, B2 (riboflavina), B6, niacina, inositol, biotina, ácido fólico, colina, y Bl; y minerales, como por ejemplo, magnesio, hierro, zinc, cobre, manganeso, sodio, potasio, calcio, selenio, cromo, molibdeno, cloro, flúor, fósforo, azufre y yodo. The food formulation of the invention can also be used as a vehicle for the administration of vitamins, such as A, B1 2, C, D, E, K, para-aminobenzoic acid, B2 (riboflavin), B6, niacin, inositol, biotin, folic acid, choline, and Bl; and minerals, such as magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, sodium, potassium, calcium, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, chlorine, fluorine, phosphorus, sulfur and iodine.
También puede contener ingredientes botánicos (nutracéuticos) incluyendo, pero no limitando a, arándano, té verde, uña de gato, cayena, garra
del diablo, dong quai, equinácea, aceite de onagra, altamisa, ajo, jengibre, ginkgo, ginseng, sello de oro, gotu kola, semillas de uva, té verde, espino, kava, regaliz, cardo mariano, noni, hierba de San Juan, valeriana, melatonina, damiana, guaraná y similares. It may also contain botanical (nutraceutical) ingredients including, but not limited to, cranberry, green tea, cat's claw, cayenne, claw of the devil, dong quai, echinacea, evening primrose oil, altamisa, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, gold seal, gotu kola, grape seeds, green tea, hawthorn, kava, licorice, milk thistle, noni, St. grass Juan, Valerian, Melatonin, Damiana, Guarana and the like.
En una realización preferida, la formulación de la invención comprende los siguientes ingredientes y contenidos: In a preferred embodiment, the formulation of the invention comprises the following ingredients and contents:
- marros de café (4%), - coffee marros (4%),
- harina de trigo (60%), - wheat flour (60%),
- agua (13,5%), - water (13.5%),
- aceite de girasol (9%), - sunflower oil (9%),
- levadura química (0,6%), - chemical yeast (0.6%),
- sal (0,4%), - salt (0.4%),
- lecitina de soja (0,35%), - soy lecithin (0.35%),
- sacarosa (1 1 ,9%), y - sucrose (1 1, 9%), and
- stevia (0,29%). - stevia (0.29%).
En otra realización preferida, la formulación de la invención comprende los siguientes ingredientes y contenidos: In another preferred embodiment, the formulation of the invention comprises the following ingredients and contents:
- marros de café (4%), - coffee marros (4%),
- harina de soja (60%), - soybean meal (60%),
- agua (13%), - water (13%),
- aceite de girasol (9,5%), - sunflower oil (9.5%),
- levadura química (0,6%), - chemical yeast (0.6%),
- sal (0,4%), - salt (0.4%),
- lecitina de soja (0,35%), - soy lecithin (0.35%),
- sacarosa (1 1 ,9%), - sucrose (1 1, 9%),
- stevia (0,29%), y - stevia (0.29%), and
- ralladura de medio limón. - zest of half a lemon.
Otro aspecto de la presente invención, lo constituye el uso de la formulación alimentaria de la invención para la elaboración de productos alimentarios sólidos saludables de panadería, bollería y confitería (ver Ejemplos 3 y 4), que sean fuente de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante y proteínas, y que
presenten bajo contenido en azúcares, y entre los que se encuentran pan, bollos, galletas, cereales de desayuno y aperitivos. Another aspect of the present invention is the use of the food formulation of the invention for the preparation of healthy solid food products for bakery, pastries and confectionery (see Examples 3 and 4), which are sources of insoluble dietary fiber, antioxidant and proteins. , and that they have low sugar content, and among which are bread, rolls, cookies, breakfast cereals and snacks.
La formulación alimentaria de la invención que se utiliza para la elaboración de productos alimentarios de panadería, bollería y confitería (ver Ejemplos 3 y 4), que sean fuente de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante y proteínas, y que presenten bajo contenido en azúcares, puede ser utilizada para el consumo por personas celiacas (galletas G, L y O); por consumidores que necesiten dietas de bajo valor energético para reducción de peso (galletas A, B y E-O); y por consumidores diabéticos, consumidores que necesiten dietas de bajo valor energético para reducción de peso, consumidores diabéticos y consumidores con síndrome metabólico (galletas A, B y E-O). The food formulation of the invention that is used for the production of bakery, pastry and confectionery food products (see Examples 3 and 4), which are a source of insoluble antioxidant dietary fiber and proteins, and which have a low sugar content, can be used for consumption by celiac people (cookies G, L and O); by consumers who need low energy diets for weight reduction (cookies A, B and E-O); and by diabetic consumers, consumers who need low energy diets for weight reduction, diabetic consumers and consumers with metabolic syndrome (cookies A, B and E-O).
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figura 1 : Fotografía de marros de café Robusta liofilizados. Figure 1: Photograph of lyophilized Robusta coffee marros.
Figura 2: Fotografías de galletas control: D) sin marros y 17% sacarosa; I) sin marros y 30% azúcar tipo stevia; H) sin marros y 1 % stevia. Figure 2: Photographs of control biscuits: D) without marros and 17% sucrose; I) without marros and 30% stevia sugar; H) without marros and 1% stevia.
Figura 3: Fotografías de las galletas con 4% de marros de café liofilizados: C) Figure 3: Photographs of cookies with 4% freeze-dried coffee marros: C)
4% marros y 17% sacarosa; J) 4% marros y 30% azúcar tipo stevia; B) 4% marros y 0.5% Stevia; E) 4% marros y 1 % stevia. 4% brown and 17% sucrose; J) 4% brown and 30% stevia sugar; B) 4% marros and 0.5% Stevia; E) 4% brown and 1% stevia.
Figura 4: Fotografías de las galletas con 8% de marros de café liofilizados: A)Figure 4: Photographs of cookies with 8% freeze-dried coffee marros: A)
8 % marros y 0.5 % stevia; F) 4% marros, 1 % stevia y 8 % chocolate; K) 4% marros, 30% azúcar tipo stevia y 6% chocolate. 8% marros and 0.5% stevia; F) 4% brown, 1% stevia and 8% chocolate; K) 4% brown, 30% stevia sugar and 6% chocolate.
Figura 5: Fotografías de las galletas con 4% de marros de café liofilizados y harinas de maíz y soja: G) harina de maíz, 4% marros y 1 % stevia; L) harina de soja 4% marros, 30% azúcar tipo stevia. Figure 5: Photographs of biscuits with 4% freeze-dried coffee marros and cornmeal and soy flour: G) cornmeal, 4% maroons and 1% stevia; L) 4% brown soy flour, 30% stevia sugar.
Figura 6: Fotografías de galletas originales con ralladura de limón adicionada: M) sin marros, 30% azúcar tipo stevia, ralladura de limón; N) 4% marros, 30% azúcar tipo stevia, ralladura de limón; O) harina de soja, 4% marros, 30% azúcar tipo stevia, ralladura de limón. Figure 6: Photographs of original cookies with lemon zest added: M) without marros, 30% stevia sugar, lemon zest; N) 4% brown, 30% stevia sugar, lemon zest; O) soy flour, 4% brown, 30% stevia sugar, lemon zest.
Figura 7: Gráficas correspondientes a los resultados del Test de Aceptación y Nivel de Agrado General de las diferentes galletas, (a) grado de aceptación para todas las galletas testadas; (b) grado de aceptación sobre las galletas
más aceptadas inicialmente y sobre las modificadas; (c) nivel de agrado, en escala de 5 a 1 , sobre las galletas más aceptadas inicialmente y sobre las modificadas. EJEMPLOS ILUSTRATIVOS DE LA INVENCIÓN Figure 7: Graphs corresponding to the results of the Acceptance Test and Level of General Agrada of the different cookies, (a) degree of acceptance for all the cookies tested; (b) degree of acceptance of cookies more accepted initially and over the modified ones; (c) level of pleasure, on a scale of 5 to 1, on the most accepted cookies initially and on the modified ones. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION
Ejemplo 1.- Los marros de café Robusta liofilizados son fuente de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante y proteínas. Example 1.- Lyophilized Robusta coffee marros are a source of insoluble antioxidant dietary fiber and proteins.
Los marros de café Robusta utilizados se obtuvieron por liofilización del producto húmedo derivado del proceso de extracción sólido-líquido que se lleva a cabo para la obtención industrial de café soluble (Figura 1 ). The Robusta coffee marros used were obtained by lyophilization of the wet product derived from the solid-liquid extraction process that is carried out for the industrial production of soluble coffee (Figure 1).
A continuación, se determinó el contenido de fibra total, soluble e insoluble por método gravimétrico enzimático empleando el kit enzimático de Megazyme (Megazyme International Ireland Ltd.). Estos análisis se realizaron siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante, basado en el método AOAC 991 .43 y 985.29 (Lee, et al. (1992). Determination of total, soluble and insoluble dietary fíber in foods. Enzymatic- Gravimetric method, MES-TRIS buffer; Collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International, 75, 395-416; Prosky, L, et al. (1988). Determination of insoluble soluble and total dietary fiber in foods and food producís; Interlaboratory Study. Journal of AOAC, 71 : 1017-1023. Prosky, L, et al. (1992). Determination of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber in foods and food producís; Collaborative Síudy. Journal of AOAC International, 75, 360-367). Se deferminó el contenido en proteínas mediante mineralización KjeldahI y posterior análisis colorimétrico (Pym, R. V. E. y Milham, P. J. (1976). Selectivity of reaction among chlorine, ammonia and solicylate for determination of ammonia. Analytical Chemistry, 48, 1413-1415). La capacidad antioxidante de los marros, se determinó mediante el método de ABTS directo (Vural, et al. (2009). Direct measurement of the total antioxidant capacity of foods: the 'quencher' approach. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 20, 278-288). Como se muestra en la Tabla 1 , los resultados indican que los marros del café son una fuente natural de fibra antioxidante. En consecuencia, pueden ser utilizados como una fuente natural de fibra dietética que podría contribuir al
control efectivo del peso y otros beneficios para la salud derivado de la ingesta de este tipo de componente alimentario. Next, the total soluble and insoluble fiber content was determined by enzymatic gravimetric method using the Megazyme enzyme kit (Megazyme International Ireland Ltd.). These analyzes were performed following the manufacturer's instructions, based on the AOAC 991 .43 and 985.29 method (Lee, et al. (1992). Determination of total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber in foods. Enzymatic-Gravimetric method, MES-TRIS buffer; Collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International, 75, 395-416; Prosky, L, et al. (1988). Determination of insoluble soluble and total dietary fiber in foods and food producís; Interlaboratory Study. Journal of AOAC, 71: 1017-1023 Prosky, L, et al. (1992). Determination of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber in foods and food producís; Collaborative Síudy. Journal of AOAC International, 75, 360-367). Protein content was deferred by KjeldahI mineralization and subsequent colorimetric analysis (Pym, RVE and Milham, PJ (1976). Selectivity of reaction among chlorine, ammonia and solicylate for determination of ammonia. Analytical Chemistry, 48, 1413-1415). The antioxidant capacity of the marros was determined by the direct ABTS method (Vural, et al. (2009). Direct measurement of the total antioxidant capacity of foods: the 'quencher' approach. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 20, 278-288). As shown in Table 1, the results indicate that coffee marros are a natural source of antioxidant fiber. Consequently, they can be used as a natural source of dietary fiber that could contribute to effective weight control and other health benefits derived from the intake of this type of food component.
Tabla 1. Composición química de marros de café Robusta derivados del proceso industrial para la obtención de café instantáneo. Table 1. Chemical composition of Robusta coffee marros derived from the industrial process for obtaining instant coffee.
MARROS DE CAFÉ ROBUSTA ROBO COFFEE FRAMES
Capacidad antioxidante total Total antioxidant capacity
ABTS DIRECTO (mg eq. CGA/100 mg) 0.33 ± 0.17 DIRECT ABTS (mg eq. CGA / 100 mg) 0.33 ± 0.17
Proteínas (g/100g) 8.08 Proteins (g / 100g) 8.08
Fibra total en marros (g/100g) 82.86 Total fiber in marros (g / 100g) 82.86
Fibra soluble (%) 0.53 ± 0.00 Soluble fiber (%) 0.53 ± 0.00
Fibra insoluble (%) 82.33 ± 1 .91 Insoluble fiber (%) 82.33 ± 1 .91
Ejemplo 2.- Composición química y capacidad antioxidante de extractos acuosos de marros. Example 2.- Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts of marros.
Los extractos acuosos de marros se obtuvieron a partir de los marros de café liofilizados en polvo descritos en el ejemplo anterior. Los extractos se prepararon por duplicado empleando 250 g de materia prima y 500 mi de agua. Aqueous sea extracts were obtained from the freeze dried coffee marros described in the previous example. The extracts were prepared in duplicate using 250 g of raw material and 500 ml of water.
La extracción se realizó a 100°C durante 10 minutos. Los extractos así obtenidos se centrifugaron, se colectó el sobrenadante y se almacenaron a temperaturas de 5-8°C hasta su análisis. The extraction was performed at 100 ° C for 10 minutes. The extracts thus obtained were centrifuged, the supernatant was collected and stored at temperatures of 5-8 ° C until analysis.
Los resultados relativos a la composición química y capacidad antioxidante de los extractos se muestran en la Tabla 2.
The results related to the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of the extracts are shown in Table 2.
Tabla 2. Composición química del extracto acuoso de marros de café Robusta derivados del proceso industrial para la obtención de café instantáneo. Table 2. Chemical composition of the aqueous extract of Robusta coffee marros derived from the industrial process for obtaining instant coffee.
EXTRACTO ACUOSO DE MARROS DE CAFÉ ROBUSTA STRAIGHT COFFEE MARROS EXTRACT
CGA (mg eq. CGA/100 mg extracto) 0.01 ± 0.00 CGA (mg eq. CGA / 100 mg extract) 0.01 ± 0.00
Cafeína (mg/100 mg extracto) 0.204 ± 0.00 Caffeine (mg / 100 mg extract) 0.204 ± 0.00
Capacidad antioxidante total Total antioxidant capacity
ABTS (mg eq. CGA/100 mg extracto) 0.40 ± 0.03 ABTS (mg eq. CGA / 100 mg extract) 0.40 ± 0.03
FOLIN-CIOCALTEU (mg eq. CGA/100 mg extracto) 0.12 ± 0.01 FOLIN-CIOCALTEU (mg eq. CGA / 100 mg extract) 0.12 ± 0.01
Glucosa (mg/100 mg extracto) 0.07 ± Glucose (mg / 100 mg extract) 0.07 ±
0.10 Se determinó la concentración de ácido clorogénico y cafeína mediante electroforesis capilar (CZE). El procedimiento se realizó siguiendo las condiciones descritas por Ames et al. (2000) y del Castillo et al. (2002) (Ames, et al. (2000). Capillary electrophoresis of roasted coffee in caffeinated beverages: Health benefits, physiological effects and chemistry; Parliament, T.H., Ho, C. T., Schieberle, O., Eds; ACS Symposium Series 754; American Chemical Society: Whasington, DC, 364-373; del Castillo, et al. (2002). Effect of roasting on the antioxidant activity of coffee brews. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 3698-3703), para la identificación y cuantificación de ácido clorogénico y cafeína, en las infusiones preparadas a partir del extracto de marros café. 0.10 The concentration of chlorogenic acid and caffeine was determined by capillary electrophoresis (CZE). The procedure was performed following the conditions described by Ames et al. (2000) and del Castillo et al. (2002) (Ames, et al. (2000). Capillary electrophoresis of roasted coffee in caffeinated beverages: Health benefits, physiological effects and chemistry; Parliament, TH, Ho, CT, Schieberle, O., Eds; ACS Symposium Series 754; American Chemical Society: Whasington, DC, 364-373; del Castillo, et al. (2002). Effect of roasting on the antioxidant activity of coffee brews. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 3698-3703), for identification and quantification of chlorogenic acid and caffeine, in the infusions prepared from the extract of brown marros.
Se determinó el contenido en glucosa de los extractos siguiendo el procedimiento descrito por el fabricante del kit enzimático (Spinreact), para la determinación cuantitativa de glucosa, con las modificaciones pertinentes para las muestras. The glucose content of the extracts was determined following the procedure described by the manufacturer of the enzyme kit (Spinreact), for the quantitative determination of glucose, with the pertinent modifications for the samples.
El contenido en compuestos fenólicos totales extraíbles en los extractos de marros de café instantáneo industrial (Tabla 2) se determinó mediante el método Folin-Ciocalteau según Contini et al. (2008) (Contini, M., et al. (2008). Extraction of natural antioxidants from hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shell and skin wastes by long maceration at room temperature. Food Chemistry, 1 10,
659-669), mientras que la capacidad antioxidante total de las muestras se analizó mediante el método de decoloración del radical ABTS'+ descrito por Re et al. (1999) (Re, R., et al. (1998). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical catión decoloraron assay. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 9/10, 1231-1237) y modificado por Oki et al. (2006) para su desarrollo en microplaca (Oki, T., et al. (2006). Contribution of β-Carotene to Radical Scavenging Capacity Varíes among Orange-fleshed Sweet Potato Cultivars. Food Science and Technology Research, 12: 156-160). The content of total phenolic compounds that can be extracted in the extracts of industrial instant coffee marros (Table 2) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method according to Contini et al. (2008) (Contini, M., et al. (2008). Extraction of natural antioxidants from hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shell and skin wastes by long maceration at room temperature. Food Chemistry, 1 10, 659-669), while the total antioxidant capacity of the samples was analyzed by the method of decolorization of the ABTS '+ radical described by Re et al. (1999) (Re, R., et al. (1998). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation discolored assay. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 9/10, 1231-1237) and modified by Oki et al. (2006) for microplate development (Oki, T., et al. (2006). Contribution of β-Carotene to Radical Scavenging Capacity Varies among Orange-fleshed Sweet Potato Cultivars. Food Science and Technology Research, 12: 156-160 ).
Los resultados indican que los marros de café no son una fuente natural adecuada para la extracción de compuestos bioactivos tales como antioxidantes (ácido clorogénico) y cafeína, y apoyan que su potencial fundamental es como fuente de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante. The results indicate that coffee marros are not a suitable natural source for the extraction of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants (chlorogenic acid) and caffeine, and support that their fundamental potential is as a source of antioxidant insoluble dietary fiber.
Ejemplo 3.- Aplicación de los marros de café en la formulación de alimentos sólidos saludables. Example 3.- Application of coffee marros in the formulation of healthy solid foods.
En este ejemplo se emplearon como fuente natural de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante marros de café soluble liofilizados de la variedad Robusta. In this example, lyophilized soluble coffee marbles of the Robusta variety were used as a natural source of insoluble antioxidant dietary fiber.
Para ello se procede a la preparación de la masa utilizando los ingredientes y proporciones que se recogen en la Tabla 3. En primer lugar se añade el aceite, la lecitina de soja y el azúcar y/o stevia en un bol de plástico y se remueve. A continuación la harina y los marros se pesan y se adicionan al bol de plástico. El resto de ingredientes, sal, levadura química, cacao en polvo, ralladura de limón, etc. son pesados y adicionados a la mezcla, removiendo bien. Finalmente se adiciona el agua (mineral embotellada) poco a poco y se trabaja la masa con las manos. Se recoge toda la harina que haya quedado desperdigada por la pared del bol, hasta que quede una masa de consistencia adecuada. Se deja reposar la masa en el mismo bol unos 25-30 minutos. En segundo lugar se realiza el boleado y moldeado de la masa, para ello la masa es aplastada con la mano y a continuación se extiende con un rodillo sobre una superficie plana. El rodillo se pasa presionando con fuerza en los dos sentidos. Con ayuda del molde para galletas (diámetro 6,4 cm) se corta la masa y se elaboran galletas finas (± 0.3 cm de grosor). En tercer lugar, se procede al
horneado, para ello se enciende el horno y se precalienta a la temperatura de 180°C; se cubre con papel de horno la bandeja y se ponen sobre ésta las distintas galletas. Una vez precalentado el horno se coloca la bandeja en la parte central del horno con las galletas, se cierra rápidamente y se hornea a 5 180°C durante 10-15 minutos. La temperatura cae aproximadamente a 170°C To do this, the dough is prepared using the ingredients and proportions shown in Table 3. First, the oil, soy lecithin and sugar and / or stevia are added in a plastic bowl and removed . Then the flour and the marros are weighed and added to the plastic bowl. The rest of the ingredients, salt, chemical yeast, cocoa powder, lemon zest, etc. They are heavy and added to the mixture, stirring well. Finally the water (bottled mineral) is added little by little and the dough is worked with the hands. Collect all the flour that has been scattered on the wall of the bowl, until a dough of adequate consistency remains. Let the dough rest in the same bowl for 25-30 minutes. Secondly, the dough is molded and molded, for this the dough is crushed by hand and then spread with a roller on a flat surface. The roller is passed by pressing hard in both directions. With the help of the cookie mold (diameter 6.4 cm) the dough is cut and thin cookies (± 0.3 cm thick) are made. Third, we proceed to baked, the oven is turned on and preheated to a temperature of 180 ° C; the tray is covered with baking paper and the different cookies are placed on it. Once the oven is preheated, the tray is placed in the central part of the oven with the cookies, quickly closed and baked at 5 180 ° C for 10-15 minutes. The temperature drops to approximately 170 ° C
durante los primeros minutos. Se retiran las galletas una vez horneadas y se dejan enfriar al menos 30 minutos. during the first minutes The cookies are removed once baked and allowed to cool for at least 30 minutes.
Tabla 3. Formulación de alimentos sólidos saludables. Table 3. Formulation of healthy solid foods.
FORMULACION FORMULATION
g/100g g / 100g
INGREDIENTES A B c D E F G H I J K L M N O INGREDIENTS A B c D E F G H I J K L M N O
Harina de trigo 61 65 57 61 65 58 - 63 62,5 60,0 57,0 - 62,5 60,0 -Wheat flour 61 65 57 61 65 58 - 63 62.5 60.0 57.0 - 62.5 60.0 -
Harina de maíz - - - - - - 64,5 - - - - - - - -Cornmeal - - - - - - 64.5 - - - - - - - -
Harina de soja - - - - - - - - - - - 60 - - 60Soy flour - - - - - - - - - - - 60 - - 60
Agua 16 16 12 12 16 14,5 16 18,5 14 13,5 12,0 13 14 13,5 13Water 16 16 12 12 16 14.5 16 18.5 14 13.5 12.0 13 14 13.5 13
Aceite de 13 13 8,65 8,65 12,5 9 13 15,4 10 9 8 9,5 10 9 9,5 girasol Oil 13 13 8.65 8.65 12.5 9 13 15.4 10 9 8 9.5 10 9 9.5 sunflower
Marros de café 8 4 4 - 4 8 4 - - 4 4 4 - 4 4 Coffee marros 8 4 4 - 4 8 4 - - 4 4 4 - 4 4
Sacarosa - - 17 17 - - - - 1 1 ,9 1 1 ,9 1 1 ,2 1 1 ,9 1 1 ,9 1 1 ,9 1 1 ,9Sucrose - - 17 17 - - - - 1 1, 9 1 1, 9 1 1, 2 1 1, 9 1 1, 9 1 1, 9 1 1, 9
Stevia 0,5 0,5 - - 1 1 1 1 0,29 0,29 0,29 0,29 0,29 0,29 0,29Stevia 0.5 0.5 - - 1 1 1 1 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29
Levadura 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,8 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 química Yeast 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 chemical
Sal 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,6 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 Salt 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Lecitina soja 0,5 0,5 0,35 0,35 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,35 0,35 0,5 0,35 0,35 0,35 0,35Soy lecithin 0.5 0.5 0.35 0.35 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.35 0.35 0.5 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
Cacao en polvo - - - - - 8 - - - - 6 - - - - sin azúcar Cocoa powder - - - - - 8 - - - - 6 - - - - without sugar
Ralladura de - - - - - - - - - - - - 1/2 Vi ½ limón limón limón limónGrated - - - - - - - - - - - - 1/2 Vi Lemon Lemon Lemon Lemon ½
SUMA 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100,0 100 100 100 100 io 3.1. - Elaboración de galleta "J". SUM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100.0 100 100 100 100 io 3.1. - Preparation of cookie "J".
Siguiendo las indicaciones recogidas en el Ejemplo 3 y la Tabla 3 se elabora una galleta con una formulación determinada. Following the indications given in Example 3 and Table 3, a cookie with a specific formulation is made.
Para ello, en primer lugar se procede a la preparación de la masa (250 g):
- Se pesan 24 g de aceite de girasol, 1 g de lecitina de soja, 30 g de sacarosa y 0,7 g de stevia. En este orden se adicionan a un bol de plástico y se remueven. To do this, the dough is first prepared (250 g): - 24 g of sunflower oil, 1 g of soy lecithin, 30 g of sucrose and 0.7 g of stevia are weighed. In this order they are added to a plastic bowl and removed.
- A continuación se añaden 150 g de harina de soja y 10 g de marros que son adicionados al bol y mezclados. - Then add 150 g of soybean meal and 10 g of marros that are added to the bowl and mixed.
-El resto de ingredientes, 1 g de sal, 1 ,5 g de levadura química y ralladura de medio limón son pesados y se adicionan a la mezcla, removiendo bien. -Finalmente, se adicionan 40 g agua (mineral embotellada) poco a poco y se trabaja la masa con las manos, hasta que quede una masa de consistencia adecuada. -The rest of the ingredients, 1 g of salt, 1.5 g of chemical yeast and zest of half a lemon are heavy and added to the mixture, stirring well. -Finally, 40 g water (bottled mineral) are added little by little and the dough is worked with the hands, until a suitable consistency mass remains.
-Se deja reposar la masa en el mismo bol unos 25-30 minutos. -Let the dough rest in the same bowl for 25-30 minutes.
En segundo lugar, se realiza el boleado y moldeado de la masa. En tercer lugar, se lleva a cabo el horneado a 180°C 15 min aproximadamente. Secondly, the dough is molded and molded. Thirdly, the baking is carried out at 180 ° C approximately 15 min.
3.2.- Elaboración de galleta "O". 3.2.- Preparation of "O" cookie.
Siguiendo las indicaciones recogidas en el Ejemplo 3 y la Tabla 3 se elabora una galleta con una formulación determinada. Following the indications given in Example 3 and Table 3, a cookie with a specific formulation is made.
Para ello, en primer lugar se procede a la preparación de la masa (250 g): To do this, the dough is first prepared (250 g):
- Se pesan 23 g de aceite de girasol, 1 g de lecitina de soja, 30 g de sacarosa y 0,7g de stevia. En este orden se adicionan a un bol de plástico y se remueven. - 23 g of sunflower oil, 1 g of soy lecithin, 30 g of sucrose and 0.7 g of stevia are weighed. In this order they are added to a plastic bowl and removed.
- A continuación 150g de harina de trigo y 10g de marros se adicionan al bol y se mezclan. - Then 150g of wheat flour and 10g of marros are added to the bowl and mixed.
- El resto de ingredientes, 1 g de sal y 1 ,5g de levadura química son pesados y se adicionan a la mezcla, removiendo bien. - The rest of the ingredients, 1 g of salt and 1.5 g of chemical yeast are heavy and added to the mixture, stirring well.
- Finalmente se adicionan 35g agua (mineral embotellada) poco a poco y se va trabajando la masa con las manos. Se va recogiendo toda la harina que haya ¡do quedando desperdigada por la pared del bol, hasta que quede una masa de consistencia adecuada. - Finally 35g water (bottled mineral) is added little by little and the dough is worked with the hands. All the flour that has been scattered around the bowl wall is collected, until a dough of adequate consistency remains.
- Se deja reposar la masa en el mismo bol unos 25-30 minutos. - Let the dough rest in the same bowl for 25-30 minutes.
En segundo lugar se realiza el boleado y moldeado de la masa. En tercer lugar se lleva a cabo el horneado a 180°C 10 min aproximadamente.
Ejemplo 4.- Evaluación de la calidad de los alimentos sólidos elaborados en el ejemplo 3. Secondly, the dough is molded and molded. Thirdly, the baking is carried out at 180 ° C approximately 10 min. Example 4.- Evaluation of the quality of solid foods prepared in example 3.
La calidad de los nuevos alimentos se evaluó mediante el análisis de la apariencia (Figuras 2 a 6) y de las propiedades organolépticas de los mismos. Las propiedades organolépticas se estimaron empleando los ensayos de aceptación general y test de nivel de agrado. The quality of the new foods was evaluated by analyzing the appearance (Figures 2 to 6) and their organoleptic properties. Organoleptic properties were estimated using the general acceptance tests and the level of taste test.
Los resultados, según se muestra en la Figura 7 indican que la textura y los parámetros organolépticos de las mismas son adecuados para su consumo. La Figura 7a muestra las distintas opciones de formulación ensayadas variando el contenido en azúcar (A, B, E-L) y empleando como suplemento alimentario los marros de café (A-C, E-G, J-L) y eliminando de la formulación el gluten (G y L). Las galletas que contienen en su formulación como fuente de fibra un 4% de marros de café y un bajo contenido de azúcar (reducción en 30% por sustitución con stevia) (J y O) presentan una aceptación > 70% (Figura 7b). La mayor parte de los catadores otorgaron una calificación igual o superior a 3 a este tipo de productos en una escala hedónica con máxima puntuación 5 (Figura 7c). The results, as shown in Figure 7, indicate that their texture and organoleptic parameters are suitable for consumption. Figure 7a shows the different formulation options tested by varying the sugar content (A, B, EL) and using coffee markers (AC, EG, JL) as a dietary supplement and eliminating gluten (G and L) from the formulation . Cookies that contain 4% coffee marros and a low sugar content in their formulation as a source of fiber (30% reduction by stevia replacement) (J and O) have an acceptance> 70% (Figure 7b). Most of the tasters gave a rating equal to or greater than 3 to these types of products on a hedonic scale with a maximum score of 5 (Figure 7c).
La suplementación de marros de café en una concentración de 8% afecta negativamente la calidad sensorial del alimento (Figura 7a, A y F). El empleo combinado de marros 4% y sustitución del 30% del contenido de azúcar por stevia hace el producto más aceptable desde el punto de vista sensorial (Figura 7a, J, K y L). Supplementation of coffee marros in a concentration of 8% negatively affects the sensory quality of the food (Figure 7a, A and F). The combined use of 4% marros and replacement of 30% of the sugar content by stevia makes the product more sensory acceptable (Figure 7a, J, K and L).
La inclusión en la formulación de limón como aromatizante en las galletas a base de harina de trigo, marros de café y azúcar no mejora su calidad sensorial (Figura 7b, N). La adición de cacao en polvo sin azúcar mejora la apariencia de la galleta pero no el grado de aceptación de la misma (Figura 7a, K). Las galletas formuladas con fibra, bajo contenido en azúcar, harina de trigo y saborizante, limón o chocolate, presentaron el mismo grado de aceptación (60%). The inclusion in the lemon formulation as a flavoring in wheat flour, brown and sugar based biscuits does not improve its sensory quality (Figure 7b, N). The addition of unsweetened cocoa powder improves the appearance of the cookie but not the degree of acceptance of the cookie (Figure 7a, K). Cookies formulated with fiber, low in sugar, wheat flour and flavoring, lemon or chocolate, presented the same degree of acceptance (60%).
La galleta con formulación adecuada para celíacos y empleando como saborizante ralladura de cáscara de limón fue la que presentó un mayor grado
de aceptación (70%) entre las formuladas sin gluten (Figura 7b, O). El 80% de los catadores calificó la formulación O con un valor igual o superior a 3.
The cookie with suitable formulation for coeliacs and using as a flavoring lemon zest was the highest grade of acceptance (70%) among those formulated without gluten (Figure 7b, O). 80% of the tasters rated formulation O with a value equal to or greater than 3.
Claims
1 . - Formulación alimentaria suplementada con fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante y proteínas, caracterizada por que comprende un contenido de entre el 4% y el 8% de marros de café. one . - Food formulation supplemented with insoluble antioxidant dietary fiber and proteins, characterized in that it comprises a content of between 4% and 8% of coffee marros.
2. - Formulación alimentaria según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada por que los marros de café se obtienen de la elaboración del café, expreso y/o industrial y por que se utilizan según alguna de las siguientes presentaciones: 2. - Food formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the coffee marros are obtained from the production of coffee, espresso and / or industrial and that they are used according to any of the following presentations:
- polvo liofilizado, - lyophilized powder,
- marros de café secados al sol o por cualquier otra fuente de calor y atomizado, o - coffee fields dried in the sun or by any other source of heat and atomized, or
- aplicado directamente sin ningún tipo de procesado. - applied directly without any processing.
3. - Formulación alimentaria según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada por que los marros de café son un polvo liofilizado de la variedad Robusta. 3. - Food formulation according to claim 2, characterized in that the coffee marros are a lyophilized powder of the Robusta variety.
4.- Formulación alimentaria según la reivindicación 3, caracterizada por que los marros de café comprenden: 4. Food formulation according to claim 3, characterized in that the coffee marros comprise:
- un contenido de fibra dietética total superior al 80%, de la cual un 99% es fracción insoluble, - a total dietary fiber content exceeding 80%, of which 99% is insoluble fraction,
- una capacidad antioxidante de 0.333 ± 0.167 mg eq. CGA/100 mg marros, - an antioxidant capacity of 0.333 ± 0.167 mg eq. CGA / 100 mg brown,
- un contenido de proteínas del 8 %, y - a protein content of 8%, and
- un contenido de acrilamida de 40 pg/Kg. - an acrylamide content of 40 pg / kg.
5.- Formulación alimentaria según la reivindicación 4, caracterizada por que los marros de café rinden un extracto acuoso que comprende: 5. Food formulation according to claim 4, characterized in that the coffee marros yield an aqueous extract comprising:
- una concentración de glucosa de 0.0677 ± 0.101 mg/100 mg extracto, - a glucose concentration of 0.0677 ± 0.101 mg / 100 mg extract,
- una concentración de cafeína 0.204 ± 0.003 mg/100 mg extracto,- a concentration of caffeine 0.204 ± 0.003 mg / 100 mg extract,
- una concentración de ácido clorogénico 0.007 ± 0.0 mg/100 mg extracto, y - a concentration of chlorogenic acid 0.007 ± 0.0 mg / 100 mg extract, and
- una concentración de polifenoles totales 0.1 19 ± 0.009 mg/100 mg extracto.
- a concentration of total polyphenols 0.1 19 ± 0.009 mg / 100 mg extract.
6. - Formulación alimentaria según las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, caracterizada por que adicionalmente a los marros de café comprende una mezcla homogénea de al menos los siguientes ingredientes básicos: 6. - Food formulation according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in addition to coffee marros it comprises a homogeneous mixture of at least the following basic ingredients:
- harina, con un contenido mínimo del 25%, - flour, with a minimum content of 25%,
- agua, con un contenido mínimo del 5%, - water, with a minimum content of 5%,
- aceite, con un contenido mínimo del 8%, y - oil, with a minimum content of 8%, and
- un agente de fermentación, con un contenido mínimo del 0,6%. - a fermentation agent, with a minimum content of 0.6%.
7. - Formulación alimentaria según la reivindicación 6, caracterizada por que además de los marros de café y los ingredientes básicos comprende otros ingredientes adicionales como, un agente emulsionante, un agente edulcorante o un agente saborizante, agregados de forma única o en combinación. 7. - Food formulation according to claim 6, characterized in that in addition to the coffee marros and the basic ingredients, it comprises other additional ingredients such as an emulsifying agent, a sweetening agent or a flavoring agent, added in a single or in combination form.
8. - Formulación alimentaria según la reivindicación 7, caracterizada por que: 8. - Food formulation according to claim 7, characterized in that:
- el agente emulsionante comprende un contenido entre el 0,35% y el 0,7%, y - the emulsifying agent comprises a content between 0.35% and 0.7%, and
- el agente edulcorante comprende un contenido entre el 0,5% y el 17%. - the sweetening agent comprises a content between 0.5% and 17%.
9. - Formulación alimentaria según la reivindicación 6, caracterizada por que la harina se selecciona de entre las siguientes: harina de trigo, harina de maíz y harina de soja. 9. - Food formulation according to claim 6, characterized in that the flour is selected from the following: wheat flour, cornmeal and soybean meal.
10. - Formulación alimentaria según la reivindicación 6, caracterizada por que el aceite es un aceite vegetal comestible bajo en ácidos grasos saturados. 10. - Food formulation according to claim 6, characterized in that the oil is an edible vegetable oil low in saturated fatty acids.
1 1 . - Formulación alimentaria según la reivindicación 6, caracterizada por que el agente de fermentación se elige entre levadura química y levadura fresca. eleven . - Food formulation according to claim 6, characterized in that the fermentation agent is chosen between chemical yeast and fresh yeast.
12. - Formulación alimentaria según las reivindicaciones 7 y 8, caracterizada por que el agente emulsionante es lecitina de soja. 12. - Food formulation according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the emulsifying agent is soy lecithin.
13.- Formulación alimentaria según las reivindicaciones 7 y 8, caracterizada por que el agente edulcorante es sacarosa y/o stevia. 13. Food formulation according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the sweetening agent is sucrose and / or stevia.
14.- Formulación alimentaria según la reivindicación 7, caracterizada por que el agente saborizante es sal, cacao puro en polvo sin azúcar y ralladura de limón.
14. Food formulation according to claim 7, characterized in that the flavoring agent is salt, pure cocoa powder without sugar and lemon zest.
15. - Formulación alimentaria según las reivindicaciones 1 a 14, caracterizada por que comprende: 15. - Food formulation according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it comprises:
- 4% de marros de café, - 4% of coffee marros,
- 60% de harina de trigo, - 60% wheat flour,
- 13,5% de agua, - 13.5% water,
- 9% de aceite de girasol, - 9% sunflower oil,
- 0,6% de levadura química, - 0.6% chemical yeast,
- 0,4% de sal, - 0.4% salt,
- 0,35% de lecitina de soja, - 0.35% soy lecithin,
- 1 1 ,9% de sacarosa, y - 1 1, 9% sucrose, and
- 0,29% de stevia. - 0.29% stevia.
16. - Formulación alimentaria según las reivindicaciones 1 a 14, caracterizada por que comprende: 16. - Food formulation according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it comprises:
- 4% de marros de café, - 4% of coffee marros,
- 60% de harina de soja, - 60% soy flour,
- 13% de agua, - 13% water,
- 9,5% de aceite de girasol, - 9.5% sunflower oil,
- 0,6% de levadura química, - 0.6% chemical yeast,
- 0,4% de sal, - 0.4% salt,
- 0,35% de lecitina de soja, - 0.35% soy lecithin,
- 1 1 ,9% de sacarosa, - 1 1, 9% sucrose,
- 0,29% de stevia, y - 0.29% stevia, and
- ralladura de medio limón. - zest of half a lemon.
17. - Formulación alimentaria según las reivindicaciones 1 a 16, caracterizada por que se incluyen colorantes naturales y artificiales, pigmentos y compuestos que los contienen. 17. - Food formulation according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that natural and artificial colors, pigments and compounds containing them are included.
18. - Formulación alimentaria según las reivindicaciones 1 a 17, caracterizada por que se utiliza como vehículo para la administración de vitaminas y/o minerales.
18. - Food formulation according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it is used as a vehicle for the administration of vitamins and / or minerals.
19. - Formulación alimentaria según las reivindicaciones 1 a 18, caracterizada por que se añaden ingredientes nutraceúticos. 19. - Food formulation according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that nutraceutical ingredients are added.
20. - Uso de la formulación alimentaria según las reivindicaciones 1 a 19, para la elaboración de productos alimentarios sólidos de panadería, bollería y confitería, que sean fuente de fibra dietética insoluble antioxidante y proteínas, y entre los que se encuentran pan, bollos, galletas, cereales de desayuno y aperitivos.
20. - Use of the food formulation according to claims 1 to 19, for the production of solid food products for bakery, pastries and confectionery, which are a source of insoluble dietary fiber antioxidant and proteins, and among which are bread, rolls, Cookies, breakfast cereals and snacks.
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ES201330238A ES2489915B1 (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2013-02-21 | FOOD FORMULATION THAT INCLUDES COFFEE FRAMES AND ITS APPLICATIONS |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5897907A (en) * | 1996-07-16 | 1999-04-27 | Nestec S.A. | Process for degrading diterpenes of coffee grounds for animal food |
WO2006036208A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-04-06 | Ajinomoto General Foods, Inc. | Compositions having body fat reducing function and food and drink containing the same |
ES2395666A1 (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-02-14 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) | Application of products of coffee silverskin in anti-ageing cosmetics and functional food |
-
2013
- 2013-02-21 ES ES201330238A patent/ES2489915B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2014
- 2014-01-28 WO PCT/ES2014/070062 patent/WO2014128320A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5897907A (en) * | 1996-07-16 | 1999-04-27 | Nestec S.A. | Process for degrading diterpenes of coffee grounds for animal food |
WO2006036208A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-04-06 | Ajinomoto General Foods, Inc. | Compositions having body fat reducing function and food and drink containing the same |
ES2395666A1 (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-02-14 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) | Application of products of coffee silverskin in anti-ageing cosmetics and functional food |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
MURTHY P S ET AL.: "Recovery of Phenolic Antioxidants and Functional Compounds from Coffee Industry By-Products.", FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY, vol. 5, no. 3, April 2012 (2012-04-01), NEW YORK USA, pages 897 - 903, XP035025615, DOI: doi:10.1007/s11947-010-0363-z * |
PUSHPA S MURTHY ET AL.: "Sustainable management of coffee industry by-products and value addition: A review.", RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING, vol. 66, AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 45 - 58, XP028424611, DOI: doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.06.005 * |
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