WO2014127434A1 - Method and device for electrochemical-plasma purification of flue gases - Google Patents

Method and device for electrochemical-plasma purification of flue gases Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014127434A1
WO2014127434A1 PCT/BG2013/000054 BG2013000054W WO2014127434A1 WO 2014127434 A1 WO2014127434 A1 WO 2014127434A1 BG 2013000054 W BG2013000054 W BG 2013000054W WO 2014127434 A1 WO2014127434 A1 WO 2014127434A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
gases
flue gases
reaction zone
cathode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BG2013/000054
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hristo Atanasov KOVACHKI
Angel Hristov ANGELOV
Stoycho Mitrev STOEV
Original Assignee
Kovachki Hristo Atanasov
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Application filed by Kovachki Hristo Atanasov filed Critical Kovachki Hristo Atanasov
Publication of WO2014127434A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014127434A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/16Plant or installations having external electricity supply wet type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B01D53/323Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 by electrostatic effects or by high-voltage electric fields
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41Ionising-electrodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/53Liquid, or liquid-film, electrodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/20Reductants
    • B01D2251/206Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062Ammonia
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/30Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302Sulfur oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504Carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/818Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma

Definitions

  • the invention relates to purification of flue gases from various boiler installations, for achieving acceptable environmental conditions.
  • the reactor in which these processes take place, has a reaction zone formed between two frustums of cones, inverted vertically with their bases up. Inside the larger cone the smaller one is inserted, which is a needle cathode and the external cone performs the function of anode on the inner surface of which water layer flows.
  • the processed gases pass through the reaction zone formed between the offset in height cones, where they are treated with the electron flow.
  • Invention EA0052266/B1 from 26.01.2004 is known, which differs from the above described only in that it explains the action of the atomic hydrogen required for the recovery chemical process.
  • Invention ⁇ 200800310/ ⁇ 1/ from 29.12.2007 describes a method for flue gas cleaning from harmful components, this invention is not substantially different from the previous two inventions. The difference is in the device for implementation of the method only, which is a vertically positioned cylinder in shape.
  • Patent application B 110813/A/ is known, the flue gas cleaning from harmful components in it is based on chemical processes only without the involvement of electronic radiation.
  • EP0697235A1 from 16.08.1995 the options are set up for feeding ammonia solely, applicable for the realization of oxidative processes only; the flow is directed towards the flue gas in part of the reaction chamber only.
  • the electron flow is probably from electron gun, as there is no mention of the presence of cathode and anode, necessary for the formation of electric field.
  • the technology is implemented in dry volume, therefore dust-catchers are provided for collecting the compounds formed.
  • This invention relates to a method for electrochemical - plasma purification of flue gases from oxide impurity gases, the flue gases move horizontally in cathode-anode reaction zone, in direction opposite to the movement of horizontal water flow, which is the water anode.
  • the flue gases move horizontally in cathode-anode reaction zone, in direction opposite to the movement of horizontal water flow, which is the water anode.
  • electrons are emitted; when moving perpendicularly to the gas flow and the aqueous anode flow they ionize the molecules of gases and the water vapor in them.
  • the products of the electrochemical reactions taking place fall into the flowing water layer, which takes them out of the reaction zone.
  • the ammonia and the solution of sodium hydroxide may be also fed directly into the reaction zone. By subsequent crystallization outside the reactor a solid product is obtained.
  • the complex product obtained in the reaction zone or outside it, containing sodium nitrate, nitrogen nitrate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate, can find application in plant growing as fertilizer.
  • a device for purification of flue gases comprising a horizontal reaction chamber 1.
  • the upper side of the chamber is a needle cathode 3 and over the lower side water flows, acting as an anode.
  • the thickness of the water flow changes by means of sliding mode regulator.
  • the water enters the reaction chamber through the ascending pipe 2.
  • On the same side of the chamber the outlet 9 for purified gases is situated.
  • On the opposite side of the chamber a gas distribution grid is formed 7 with openings.
  • the flue gases are fed through inlet pipe 5 in a hollow inclined prism 6, mounted in front of the gas distribution grid; the hollow inclined prism is connected with sliding mode regulator of level 4 on the other side with work plate for regulating the water flow.
  • Such devices can easily be produced with different volume capacity of gases, simply by making them with different length and width for providing the desired volume of the reaction zone.
  • gases creating deposits of reaction products on the edges of cathode needles, these products can be easily removed by making perforations on the bottom of the high voltage zone, through them parallelly to the needles compressed air streams are fed, pulling down the accumulations on the needles.
  • impulse or mixed voltage/ the oxidative cleaning of flue gases is also possible.
  • reaction zone between the two vertically inverted cones which forces the water layer, running on the solid surface of the cone, to remain relatively thin in order rough water motion to be avoided, when water drops and splashes can be formed, causing electrical short circuits;
  • reaction zone between the vertically inverted cones also leads to progressive thickening of the water layer from above downwards, which is also accompanied by possible water wave formations with effects electrical short circuits; the thin water layer makes it necessary to work with relatively low productivity due to the rapid saturation with reaction products.
  • the inlet flue gas flow is fed through feed chamber onto perforated distribution plate, which distributes it evenly on the section of the reaction zone formed between the surface of the water flow and the needle cathode, situated in the bottom of high voltage zone.
  • perforated distribution plate which distributes it evenly on the section of the reaction zone formed between the surface of the water flow and the needle cathode, situated in the bottom of high voltage zone.
  • the opposite movement of the gas flow and the water has the advantage that the gases initially move over the water, already saturated with products of the reaction processes and at the end - over the water with low concentration of such products, which helps the quick seizure of these products by water, where they are dispersed in its volume.
  • the thickness of the water flow can be varied depending on the concentration of harmful gas impurities, for this purpose a sliding mode regulator is used, whose work plate can be varied in height.

Abstract

Method and device for purification of flue gases, wherein flue gases move horizontally in a reactor comprising horizontally positioned chamber, the upper surface of which is a needle cathode and along the lower surface a thickened aqueous flow circulates, which is the anode; it moves in the opposite to the of movement of gases direction, during that time, as a result of the application of high voltage, electrons are emitted from the needles of the cathode; moving perpendicularly to the gas and the water flow, they ionize the molecules of gases and the water vapor in them, recovery and oxidation processes proceed, the formed radicals and the recovered elements fall within the flowing water anode, which takes them out of the reactor.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR
ELECTROCHEMICAL - PLASMA PURIFICATION OF FLUE GASES
FIELD OF APPLICATION
The invention relates to purification of flue gases from various boiler installations, for achieving acceptable environmental conditions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Technology is known for complex gas cleaning, described in Euro-Asian patent 005264, published on 30.12.2004. This technology is designed for recovery cleaning of flue gases from harmful oxides and is based on the principles of plasma gas electrochemistry, namely on the fact that the gas flows pass through zone with electrons, running out of needle cathode and directed towards anode. The electrons with sufficient energy excite and break up the molecules of harmful gas components and the contained in the gas flow water vapor into ions and radicals, as a result the contained in gases oxides of sulfur, carbon and nitrogen recover, the molecular nitrogen formed leaves the reactor together with the outgoing purified gases, sulfur and carbon recover to neutral elements, fall on the anode and are taken out with the running water layer. The reactor, in which these processes take place, has a reaction zone formed between two frustums of cones, inverted vertically with their bases up. Inside the larger cone the smaller one is inserted, which is a needle cathode and the external cone performs the function of anode on the inner surface of which water layer flows. The processed gases pass through the reaction zone formed between the offset in height cones, where they are treated with the electron flow.
Invention EA0052266/B1 from 26.01.2004 is known, which differs from the above described only in that it explains the action of the atomic hydrogen required for the recovery chemical process. Invention ΕΪΪ200800310/Α1/ from 29.12.2007 describes a method for flue gas cleaning from harmful components, this invention is not substantially different from the previous two inventions. The difference is in the device for implementation of the method only, which is a vertically positioned cylinder in shape. Patent application B 110813/A/ is known, the flue gas cleaning from harmful components in it is based on chemical processes only without the involvement of electronic radiation.
In the description to invention EP0697235A1 from 16.08.1995 the options are set up for feeding ammonia solely, applicable for the realization of oxidative processes only; the flow is directed towards the flue gas in part of the reaction chamber only. The electron flow is probably from electron gun, as there is no mention of the presence of cathode and anode, necessary for the formation of electric field. The technology is implemented in dry volume, therefore dust-catchers are provided for collecting the compounds formed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a method for electrochemical - plasma purification of flue gases from oxide impurity gases, the flue gases move horizontally in cathode-anode reaction zone, in direction opposite to the movement of horizontal water flow, which is the water anode. Upon high voltage application from the upper cathode surface of the reaction zone electrons are emitted; when moving perpendicularly to the gas flow and the aqueous anode flow they ionize the molecules of gases and the water vapor in them. The products of the electrochemical reactions taking place fall into the flowing water layer, which takes them out of the reaction zone.
By the electrochemical supply of the cathode flue gas oxidative cleaning is also implemented, as conditions are created in the water layer for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. An acidic mixture is formed in the water, to which after its exit from the reaction zone ammonia or sodium hydroxide is added. In that way a complex product is obtained, containing sodium nitrate, nitrogen nitrate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate.
The ammonia and the solution of sodium hydroxide may be also fed directly into the reaction zone. By subsequent crystallization outside the reactor a solid product is obtained. The complex product obtained in the reaction zone or outside it, containing sodium nitrate, nitrogen nitrate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate, can find application in plant growing as fertilizer.
The transformations of the molecules of harmful gases and the water vapor contained in flue gases into excited molecules, electrified radicals and atoms, ions and recovered elements take place between the needle cathode, placed horizontally and the horizontal water flow /anode/; the flue gases move between them in direction opposite to the water flow movement. The horizontal or nearly horizontal water flow allows varying its thickness and quiet motion, which eliminates any possibility of throwing out water drops and splashes in the reaction space, leading to undesirable spark formations and short circuits. Furthermore, the greater thickness of the flow creates a higher volume capacity for the products of the electrochemical reactions taking place, resulting in the opportunity for passing higher volumes of flue gases, even with high concentration of harmful impurities.
A device for purification of flue gases, according to the method, comprising a horizontal reaction chamber 1. The upper side of the chamber is a needle cathode 3 and over the lower side water flows, acting as an anode. The thickness of the water flow changes by means of sliding mode regulator. The water enters the reaction chamber through the ascending pipe 2. On the same side of the chamber the outlet 9 for purified gases is situated. On the opposite side of the chamber a gas distribution grid is formed 7 with openings. The flue gases are fed through inlet pipe 5 in a hollow inclined prism 6, mounted in front of the gas distribution grid; the hollow inclined prism is connected with sliding mode regulator of level 4 on the other side with work plate for regulating the water flow.
Such devices can easily be produced with different volume capacity of gases, simply by making them with different length and width for providing the desired volume of the reaction zone. For gases, creating deposits of reaction products on the edges of cathode needles, these products can be easily removed by making perforations on the bottom of the high voltage zone, through them parallelly to the needles compressed air streams are fed, pulling down the accumulations on the needles. Depending on the electric power supply scheme of the cathode /constant, impulse or mixed voltage/ the oxidative cleaning of flue gases is also possible.
With the present invention the following technological difficulties are eliminated:
the difficulties in manufacturing the cones and the installation of the numerous needles on conic or cylindrical surface;
the formation of reaction zone between the two vertically inverted cones, which forces the water layer, running on the solid surface of the cone, to remain relatively thin in order rough water motion to be avoided, when water drops and splashes can be formed, causing electrical short circuits;
the formation of reaction zone between the vertically inverted cones also leads to progressive thickening of the water layer from above downwards, which is also accompanied by possible water wave formations with effects electrical short circuits; the thin water layer makes it necessary to work with relatively low productivity due to the rapid saturation with reaction products.
AN EXAMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF THE PROPOSED DEVICE IS SHOWN IN THE FIGURE ATTACHED
With the following positions:
1 - Horizontal reaction chamber
2 - Entrance of water
3 - Needle cathode
4 - Sliding mode regulator of level
5 - Flue gas inlet
6 - Hollow inclined prism
7 - Gas distribution grid
8 - Water level
9 - Outlet of cleansed flue gases
The inlet flue gas flow is fed through feed chamber onto perforated distribution plate, which distributes it evenly on the section of the reaction zone formed between the surface of the water flow and the needle cathode, situated in the bottom of high voltage zone. The opposite movement of the gas flow and the water has the advantage that the gases initially move over the water, already saturated with products of the reaction processes and at the end - over the water with low concentration of such products, which helps the quick seizure of these products by water, where they are dispersed in its volume. As shown, the thickness of the water flow can be varied depending on the concentration of harmful gas impurities, for this purpose a sliding mode regulator is used, whose work plate can be varied in height.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. A method for electrochemical - plasma purification of flue gases from oxide impurity gases, characterized in that the flue gases move horizontally in cathode-anode reaction zone in direction opposite to the movement of horizontal water flow, which is the water anode, at high voltage application from the upper cathode surface electrons are emitted, when moving perpendicularly to the gas flow and the water anode flow they excite, break up and ionize the molecules of gases and the water vapor in them, the products of the electrochemical reactions taking place fall into the flowing water layer, which takes them out of the reaction zone.
2. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that oxidative cleaning of flue gases is carried out by electrical power supply of the cathode, as conditions are created in the reaction zone for oxidation of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, forming an acidic mixture in the water, to which after its exit from the reaction zone ammonia or sodium hydroxide is added, the thus obtained complex product contains sodium nitrate, nitrogen nitrate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium carbonate.
3. A method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that ammonia or sodium hydroxide solution are fed directly into the reaction zone, whereupon the complex product is formed in solution and after its exit from the reaction zone solid products are obtained by crystallization.
4. A device for purification of flue gases, according to the method of claims 1 , 2 and 3, characterized in that it comprises a horizontal reaction chamber with the shape of parallelepiped, the upper side of which is a needle cathode and one base of the reaction chamber is fitted with inlet pipe, over it next to the needle cathode an outlet for cleansed gases is situated, on the opposite side of the chamber a gas distribution grid is mounted, in front of it an inclined hollow prism is installed with inlet pipe for the flue gases and the inclined prism is attached to sliding mode regulator of level for regulation of the level of the water flow.
5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that the bottom of the high voltage zone has perforations.
PCT/BG2013/000054 2013-02-21 2013-12-10 Method and device for electrochemical-plasma purification of flue gases WO2014127434A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BG111407A BG66749B1 (en) 2013-02-21 2013-02-21 Method and device for electrochemical plasma flue gas purification
BG111407 2013-02-21

Publications (1)

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WO2014127434A1 true WO2014127434A1 (en) 2014-08-28

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917470A (en) * 1970-09-28 1975-11-04 Pavel Xmris Electrostatic precipitator
WO1995027565A1 (en) * 1994-04-08 1995-10-19 Technion Research & Development Foundation Ltd. Electrostatic method and apparatus for separating particles
EP0697235A1 (en) 1994-08-16 1996-02-21 Ebara Corporation Apparatus for treating flue gases by irradiation with electron beams
US6170668B1 (en) * 1998-05-01 2001-01-09 Mse Technology Applications, Inc. Apparatus for extraction of contaminants from a gas
EA005226B1 (en) 2001-03-05 2004-12-30 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Process to prepare a lubricating base oil and a gas oil
EA005264B1 (en) 2003-11-17 2004-12-30 Александр Васильевич Борисенко Device for gas purification
US20060174763A1 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Mainstream Engineering Corporation Self cleaning electrostatic air cleaning system
EA200800310A1 (en) 2007-11-23 2008-10-30 Александр Васильевич Борисенко METHOD FOR CLEANING GASES AND INSTALLATION FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3917470A (en) * 1970-09-28 1975-11-04 Pavel Xmris Electrostatic precipitator
WO1995027565A1 (en) * 1994-04-08 1995-10-19 Technion Research & Development Foundation Ltd. Electrostatic method and apparatus for separating particles
EP0697235A1 (en) 1994-08-16 1996-02-21 Ebara Corporation Apparatus for treating flue gases by irradiation with electron beams
US6170668B1 (en) * 1998-05-01 2001-01-09 Mse Technology Applications, Inc. Apparatus for extraction of contaminants from a gas
EA005226B1 (en) 2001-03-05 2004-12-30 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Process to prepare a lubricating base oil and a gas oil
EA005264B1 (en) 2003-11-17 2004-12-30 Александр Васильевич Борисенко Device for gas purification
US20060174763A1 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Mainstream Engineering Corporation Self cleaning electrostatic air cleaning system
EA200800310A1 (en) 2007-11-23 2008-10-30 Александр Васильевич Борисенко METHOD FOR CLEANING GASES AND INSTALLATION FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

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Publication number Publication date
BG66749B1 (en) 2018-10-31
BG111407A (en) 2014-08-29

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