WO2014116257A1 - Convertisseur modulaire pour applications sous-marines - Google Patents

Convertisseur modulaire pour applications sous-marines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014116257A1
WO2014116257A1 PCT/US2013/023435 US2013023435W WO2014116257A1 WO 2014116257 A1 WO2014116257 A1 WO 2014116257A1 US 2013023435 W US2013023435 W US 2013023435W WO 2014116257 A1 WO2014116257 A1 WO 2014116257A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
power distribution
distribution system
load side
converters
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/023435
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christof Martin Sihler
Simon Herbert Schramm
Stefan Schroeder
Original Assignee
General Electric Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Company filed Critical General Electric Company
Priority to PCT/US2013/023435 priority Critical patent/WO2014116257A1/fr
Publication of WO2014116257A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014116257A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the subject matter of this disclosure relates generally to subsea control systems, and more particularly to a distributed type direct current (DC) energy storage system that can be easily integrated with a modular stacked DC (MSDC) topology for subsea applications.
  • DC direct current
  • MSDC modular stacked DC
  • Modular stacked DC converter architectures are well suited for subsea applications requiring transmission and distribution over long distances. Unlike other DC transmission options, wherein the DC transmission (link) voltage is controlled, i.e. maintained nearly constant, the DC transmission (link) current is controlled in the relevant modular stacked DC converter design.
  • One MSDC architecture 10 is depicted in Figure 1.
  • the MSDC architecture gets its name from the fact that the architecture uses several modular DC-DC/ AC converter modules stacked and connected in series on the DC side, both at the sending end and at the receiving end of the transmission link such as depicted in Figure 1.
  • the converter modules at the receiving (subsea) end can also be arranged in a distributed way, each module enclosed in a pressure vessel of its own, rather than really stacking them within one vessel.
  • Subsea control systems may consist of dozens or hundreds of low power consumers, e.g. electrically driven sensors for the physical displacements of valves. Transmitting power for subsea control systems over long distances is challenging because these loads typically require a constant subsea busbar voltage. Constant busbar voltages are known to be difficult to achieve when the loads are supplied by a long transmission cable, e.g. more than 100 km cable length, and some of the loads are intermittent (i.e. actuators for opening or closing valves). Maintaining a constant output voltage on the receiving end despite fluctuating load levels requires a feedback control of the system voltage by power electronics. DC power transmission requires a subsea inverter, e.g.
  • an inverter based on MSDC technology.
  • An MSDC inverter in addition to converting DC to AC, may keep a subsea DC-link voltage constant by way of boosting the voltage at the end of the transmission line. Because of the intermittent operation requirements described herein, the power consumption of subsea control systems is typically characterized by a continuous rating, e.g. 30 kW for large systems, and an additional short-time power rating that may be, for example, 3-4 times higher than the continuous power rating, e.g. 100 kW for 60 seconds.
  • Centralized subsea energy storage systems are further disadvantageous in that a defect in a single storage element may adversely impact the entire energy storage capability.
  • Centralized subsea energy storage systems are further disadvantageous in that significant control scheme changes may be required to implement the requisite energy storage capability.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises a power distribution system comprising: a power source side; a load side; and a plurality of power converters on each of the power source side and the load side, wherein the power source side converters and the load side converters are each configured to provide a modular stacked dc converter architecture, and further wherein the load side converters are each configured with a respective energy storage system such that together the plurality of energy storage systems deliver energy to a common control system busbar.
  • a power distribution system comprises a plurality of load side power converters configured in a modular stacked DC (MSDC) converter architecture, wherein the load side power converters each comprise a respective energy storage device such that together the plurality of energy storage devices provides a distributed energy storage system configured to maintain a common control system busbar voltage substantially constant during intermittent load voltage excursions.
  • MSDC modular stacked DC
  • Figure 1 is a simplified diagram illustrating a subsea power transmission/distribution system with modular stacked power converter building blocks configured with distributed energy storage elements on the subsea side of the system according to one embodiment of the invention
  • Figures 2-5 illustrate operation of the subsea power transmission/distribution system depicted in Figure 1;
  • Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the reaction of the AC-bus voltage and output current of a single converter for an applied load step from ⁇ 38kW to lOOkW for the subsea power transmission/distribution system depicted in Figure 1;
  • Figures 8-11 illustrate a load profile specification that provides lOOkW peak operation for a time period of 60s for one embodiment of the subsea power transmission/distribution system depicted in Figure 1;
  • Figure 12 illustrates in more detail, a MSDC converter configured with distributed storage elements according to one embodiment that is suitable to implement the modular stacked power converter building blocks configured with distributed energy storage elements on the subsea side of the system depicted in Figure 1.
  • Subsea cables or umbilicals are by far the most expensive components in long distance transmission systems, e.g. for distances larger than 100km.
  • the embodiments described herein with reference to the Figures are directed to subsea energy storage in combination with long distance power transmission in a topology that alleviates the necessity for subsea cables with an excessively large cable cross-section to achieve a constant bus bar voltage when supplying high, short-time subsea control system power.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram illustrating a subsea power transmission/distribution system 10 with a plurality of modular stacked power converter building blocks 12, each load side converter configured with one or more distributed energy storage elements 14 on the load side of the system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the subsea power transmission/distribution system 10 provides one option for fulfilling the peak power requirement.
  • the distributed storage topology depicted in power transmission/distribution system 10 advantageously provides reliability benefits compared to centralized bulk storage solutions, because a defect in a single storage element 14 will not impact the remaining system storage capabilities. Further, there are no significant modifications required when using a MSDC control scheme due to the simplicity of the storage control scheme.
  • each load side DC- AC inverter 12 employed by power transmission/distribution system 10 comprises one or more distributed storage offshore (DSO) elements 14 integrated therein.
  • the plurality of DC-AC inverters 12 and respective energy storage elements 14 are distributed in an offshore facility 13 such as a watercraft or a topside platform that may be fixed or floating according to different aspects of the embodiments described herein.
  • Each DSO element 14 may comprise, without limitation, one or more capacitors such as ultracapacitors or energy storage cells such as rechargeable batteries.
  • An ultracapacitor as used herein means a capacitor that has much greater energy density and power per pound than electrostatic and electrolytic capacitors.
  • Ultracapacitors are also called “supercapacitors.”
  • the plurality of DC- AC inverters 12 and respective energy storage elements 14 are distributed subsea in close proximity to the subsea loads to form a subsea electric power distribution system.
  • Figures 2-5 illustrate simulated operation of the subsea power transmission/distribution system 10 depicted in Figure 1, including distributed storage capabilities implemented in the load side converters 12, according to one embodiment.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the onshore transmitted and subsea load DC voltage levels during the same time period depicted in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the voltage level on the receiving end of the cable (subsea) is almost constant between 3s ⁇ t ⁇ 7s indicating a constant, but increased (as compared to t > 8s, normal load in steady state) power transmission during that time (as power is proportional to voltage for constant current operation).
  • This additional power transmitted from the shore, used for charging the distributed storage elements 14 can also be determined as the difference between the received power 18 from the transmission system and the power 16 consumed by the subsea loads for 3s ⁇ t ⁇ 7s ( Figure 2), which is about lOkW.
  • the minimum voltage level for the storage is not a fixed value since it depends upon the power demand subsequent to the peak period.
  • the maximum subsea voltage V sub is therefore equal to the sum of the nominal DC link voltages of the converters 12 as exemplified herein according to one embodiment.
  • the converter DC link voltage recovers, and accepts higher power levels to be transmitted from the shore.
  • Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the reaction of the AC-bus voltage and output current of a single converter 12 for an applied load step from ⁇ 38kW to lOOkW for the subsea power transmission/distribution system 10 depicted in Figure 1.
  • the voltage level depicted in the center plots of Figures 6 and 7 at the distribution bus is decreased during the high power period 30 because the output voltage of the converters 12 was not controlled during the simulation, power factor was kept to unity, although it can be appreciated the output voltage of the converters 12 would be controlled in a real system.
  • the current levels depicted in the bottom plots of Figures 6 and 7 correspond to a single converter 12.
  • a voltage spike 32 can be observed in the center plot of Figure 7 during the power sag from peak power to nominal power due to the very fast current change in corresponding line and transformer inductors.
  • An appropriate MOV device could protect the connected loads by limiting the over-voltage to acceptable values.
  • Figures 8-11 illustrate a load profile specification that provides lOOkW peak operation for a time period of 60s for one embodiment of the subsea power transmission/distribution system 10 depicted in Figure 1.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the DC link voltage is still decreasing after the peak period in which the storage is still in discharge operation.
  • One embodiment comprises increasing the transmission current reference to increase the maximum transferable power by increasing the onshore voltage/nominal voltage limit.
  • Another embodiment comprises reconfiguring a standard converter topology to provide a converter structure such as illustrated in Figure 12 that illustrates in more detail a power converter 40 configured with distributed storage elements 14.
  • Converter 40 is suitable to implement the modular stacked power converter building blocks configured with distributed energy storage elements on the load side of the system 10 depicted in Figure 1. More specifically, converter 40 utilizes one leg from a DC/DC stage 42 as a bidirectional buck-boost converter that decouples the storage State of Charge (SoC) from a DC link voltage 44.
  • SoC storage State of Charge
  • the effectively transferrable power is dependent upon the DC link voltage; a storage coupled directly to the DC link voltage would require a higher capacity.
  • the energy per module can be determined as:
  • DC DC energy storage system
  • MSDC modular stacked DC
  • the distributed storage embodiments described herein provide advantages compared to a centralized storage in terms of controllability and reliability. It can be appreciated that particular distributed storage embodiments formulated according to the principles described herein may require a rating of converter modules that is equal to the specified maximum short-time power, divided by the number of converter modules configured in a series topology.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un système de distribution d'énergie qui comprend une pluralité de convertisseurs de puissance côté charge configurés selon une architecture de convertisseur CC empilé modulaire (MSDC). Chaque convertisseur (12) côté charge comprend un dispositif de stockage d'énergie respectif (14) de telle sorte que la pluralité de dispositifs de stockage d'énergie constituent un système de stockage d'énergie sous-marin réparti, configuré pour maintenir une tension de barre omnibus sous-marine commune sensiblement constante pendant les excursions de tension intermittentes des charges.
PCT/US2013/023435 2013-01-28 2013-01-28 Convertisseur modulaire pour applications sous-marines WO2014116257A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2013/023435 WO2014116257A1 (fr) 2013-01-28 2013-01-28 Convertisseur modulaire pour applications sous-marines

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2013/023435 WO2014116257A1 (fr) 2013-01-28 2013-01-28 Convertisseur modulaire pour applications sous-marines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014116257A1 true WO2014116257A1 (fr) 2014-07-31

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3264552A1 (fr) * 2016-06-27 2018-01-03 ABB Schweiz AG Installation de distribution d'énergie électrique sous-marine
CN108011306A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2018-05-08 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇九研究所 一种一体化集成式交直流供配电装置及其操作方法
CN109274269A (zh) * 2018-11-07 2019-01-25 王宇 一种直流斩波装置及控制方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100133901A1 (en) * 2008-12-03 2010-06-03 General Electric Company Modular stacked subsea power system architectures
WO2010102667A1 (fr) * 2009-03-11 2010-09-16 Abb Technology Ag Convertisseur de source de tension modulaire et unité de source d'énergie
US20120112545A1 (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-10 Curtiss-Wright Electro-Mechanical Corporation M2LC System Coupled to a Rectifier System

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100133901A1 (en) * 2008-12-03 2010-06-03 General Electric Company Modular stacked subsea power system architectures
WO2010102667A1 (fr) * 2009-03-11 2010-09-16 Abb Technology Ag Convertisseur de source de tension modulaire et unité de source d'énergie
US20120112545A1 (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-10 Curtiss-Wright Electro-Mechanical Corporation M2LC System Coupled to a Rectifier System

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
J. SONG-MANGUELLE ET AL: "A Modular Stacked DC transmission and distribution system for long distance subsea applications", 2012 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE), 1 September 2012 (2012-09-01), pages 4437 - 4444, XP055080706, ISBN: 978-1-46-730801-4, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342218 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3264552A1 (fr) * 2016-06-27 2018-01-03 ABB Schweiz AG Installation de distribution d'énergie électrique sous-marine
WO2018001616A1 (fr) * 2016-06-27 2018-01-04 Abb Schweiz Ag Installation sous-marine de distribution d'énergie électrique
US10873185B2 (en) 2016-06-27 2020-12-22 Abb Schweiz Ag Subsea electric power distribution installation
CN108011306A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2018-05-08 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇九研究所 一种一体化集成式交直流供配电装置及其操作方法
CN109274269A (zh) * 2018-11-07 2019-01-25 王宇 一种直流斩波装置及控制方法
CN109274269B (zh) * 2018-11-07 2021-08-27 王宇 一种直流斩波装置及控制方法

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