WO2014108130A1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung von tiefenkarten aus stereobildern mit verbesserter tiefenauflösung in einem bereich - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestimmung von tiefenkarten aus stereobildern mit verbesserter tiefenauflösung in einem bereich Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014108130A1 WO2014108130A1 PCT/DE2014/200001 DE2014200001W WO2014108130A1 WO 2014108130 A1 WO2014108130 A1 WO 2014108130A1 DE 2014200001 W DE2014200001 W DE 2014200001W WO 2014108130 A1 WO2014108130 A1 WO 2014108130A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- disparities
- disparity
- determined
- stereo
- adjacent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/50—Depth or shape recovery
- G06T7/55—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images
- G06T7/593—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images from stereo images
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
- G06F18/20—Analysing
- G06F18/22—Matching criteria, e.g. proximity measures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/50—Depth or shape recovery
- G06T7/55—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/271—Image signal generators wherein the generated image signals comprise depth maps or disparity maps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N2013/0074—Stereoscopic image analysis
- H04N2013/0081—Depth or disparity estimation from stereoscopic image signals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining a depth map of stereo images.
- a depth image is one of many features of a
- Different correlation methods can be used to determine a depth map of stereo images.
- a disparity denotes the distance or displacement of the same image objects between the left and right stereo image.
- a calibrated stereo camera which is assumed below
- only the horizontal distances are to be considered, ie the distances in a row.
- the algorithms from the second group have proven to be particularly suitable. Especially SGM
- Algorithm for use in real time systems. It offers both a high quality of the depth map and compared to most other algorithms
- SGM is state of the art and is widely used in the field.
- the disparities are determined as integer shifts of the pixels in the image.
- a comparison operator is used for each pixel and disparity in a first step.
- the census operator has proved to be a particularly robust comparison operator.
- the right image is the reference frame and (x, y) an image coordinate.
- the census operator is determined for each pixel P_r (x, y) in the right image.
- the census operator is determined in the left picture.
- SGM performs an optimization that determines a disparity per pixel as a result.
- SGM uses an interpolation of internal costs to determine that for integer and evenly distributed
- Disparity values a sub-pixel disparity.
- the accuracy of the depth measurement is therefore dependent on the depth. In the near range one achieves a higher accuracy than in the far range. Given a maximum disparity d_max, the minimum determinable distance z_min also depends on Cl.
- the cost volume is here in the dimension d the
- the cost volume contains 2 or 4 times more disparities.
- the disparities can be locally refined.
- local correlation methods are used on the two images.
- these methods only work in image areas with a high contrast, ie. H. at edges, etc. In practice, it is therefore unrealistic with such a method
- CVPR 2010 describes a method in which the disparities in the near range are determined with a lower resolution than in the far range.
- Reference block is determined by sequences of
- Resolving level is excluded from the search. From the location of the determined extreme value is the
- Position of the associated object point determined in a conventional manner.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining a depth map of stereo images, which over a large distance range a better
- a basic idea of the invention is not to scan all disparities more finely, but only for areas in which the accuracy is to be increased.
- An alternative basic idea of the invention is to generate a reference image and a search image from a stereo image pair, wherein the resolution (in particular horizontal) of the reference image is reduced by an integer factor k compared to that of the search image. This will be a
- Depth map of stereo images provides that the disparity is determined from a discrete set of predetermined disparity values.
- the predetermined disparity values are distributed over the entire predetermined disparity value range and this distribution points between adjacent ones
- Disparity values at least two different distances are disparity values at least two different distances. As disparity here is the shift of the same
- the disparity is preferably determined pixel-wise (that is to say with reference to a pixel of the output image, for example the right-hand stereo image).
- the value of the determined disparity may be an integer pixel value, but preferably the set of predefined disparity values also contains sub-pixel values, such as e.g. Shifts by half or quarter pixels.
- Disparities are determined from at least one stereo image pair, wherein the
- predetermined discrete disparity values are not uniformly distributed over the entire disparity value range.
- the advantage of the method according to the invention is seen in the fact that the gradation of the disparity values and thus the depth resolution can be adapted to the distance range.
- the intervals between two adjacent disparity values in which disparities are determined for a long range are smaller than the remaining distances between two adjacent disparity values. In the far range, the shifts or disparities are small, which limits the depth resolution.
- Displacement values, in particular in the sub-pixel range, in the far range, the depth resolution can be specifically improved here.
- a remote area may be at least 10 meters away from the stereo camera, with which the stereo images
- a close range may be at most 5 meters away from the stereo camera.
- comparison / similarity costs for disparity in the stereo image pair are determined by a suitable comparison operator, advantageously by the census operator.
- the disparity value for a pixel can then be determined to be the one with the lowest comparison / similarity cost.
- comparison / similarity costs for sub-pixel disparities are determined from the comparison / similarity cost of the adjacent integer disparities by interpolation and the comparison / similarity cost of the integer disparities by an appropriate one
- Comparison operator determined from the stereo image pair.
- the disparities are determined by means of a global or semiglobal matching or
- a reference image and a search image are generated from a stereo image pair, wherein the resolution (in particular horizontal) of the
- Reference image is reduced by an integer factor k compared to that of the search image. Disparity values are determined with an accuracy of 1 / k pixels based on the reference and the search image.
- the invention further comprises a device comprising a stereo camera for recording and a determination unit, wherein the determination unit for the evaluation of the
- inventive method is formed.
- the disparities for a pixel in the cost volume correspond to a set of possible labels for a pixel.
- SGM calculates the assignment of the labels to the pixels. For each label, the cost of assigning the label to the pixel is determined. At the end, the label with the lowest cost is selected.
- the labels are uniformly distributed across the disparity.
- the intervals over the disparity are no longer uniform.
- the intervals of the labels (or distances between two adjacent disparity values) are in principle freely selectable. Effects due to undersampling or oversampling can be taken into account when choosing the intervals. Alternatively, the input images can also be filtered accordingly. This is especially important in subsampling.
- the costs for the disparities can be as in Stefan K.
- Costs can only be determined for integer pixel indexes.
- Each disparity here corresponds to a shift of one pixel in the image.
- the images are used at 512 pixels per line. This image is generated from the original image at a resolution of 1024 pixels per line by filtering followed by sub-sampling.
- the left image is used with 1024 pixels per line.
- This image is generated from the original image with a resolution of 1024 pixels per line by filtering. Only every second line is calculated.
- Disparities of 0.5, 1.5, etc. can be determined. This was taken into account in the choice of the intervals and the resolution of the disparity. The maximum disparity here is also due to the intervals between adjacent ones
- Disparity value ranges specified as 63 Thus, the same distance range can be displayed.
- the output is recalculated to a neutral format.
- Fig. 1 Exemplary representation of the cost volume and assignment of the label. Above: Uniform Sampling, Below: Non-Uniform Sampling according to the Invention;
- Fig. 2 Distances corresponding to disparities in the cost volume. Above: Uniform Sampling Bottom: Non-uniform sampling according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 assignment of the label to the disparities and Fig. 4: Comparison measurement between uniform and non-uniform sampling.
- the xy plane represents the pixel plane in the image.
- the d axis corresponds to the disparity.
- Each voxel (volume element x-y-d) contains one
- Cost value for a label is the uniform distribution of the labels to the disparities. Below is the non-uniform distribution with three different sampling levels.
- Figure 2 illustrates the distances for the disparity labels.
- the ordinate indicates a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the stereo camera.
- Fig. 4 shows the results in real measurements. The test was run on a target with a vehicle.
- Plotted is the measured distance in meters over the reference distance (actual distance) in meters. The distance to the target was exactly determined with a reference sensor (solid line). The trace without highlighting the Measuring points show the measurements of SGM with uniforms
- the measured distance is smaller than the actual one, and after the steps, the measured distance is larger than the actual distance. This is mainly because of the uniform scanning for large
- the measuring curve with highlighting of the measuring points shows the
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
- Evolutionary Biology (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
- Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112014000155.4T DE112014000155B4 (de) | 2013-01-14 | 2014-01-14 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Tiefenkarten aus Stereobildern mit verbesserter Tiefenauflösung in einem Bereich |
| US14/655,149 US9704253B2 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2014-01-14 | Method for determining depth maps from stereo images with improved depth resolution in a range |
| US15/475,847 US10223802B2 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2017-03-31 | Method for determining depth maps from stereo images with improved depth resolution in a range |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013100344.3A DE102013100344A1 (de) | 2013-01-14 | 2013-01-14 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Tiefenkarten aus Stereobildern mit verbesserter Tiefenauflösung im Fernbereich |
| DE102013100344.3 | 2013-01-14 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/655,149 A-371-Of-International US9704253B2 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2014-01-14 | Method for determining depth maps from stereo images with improved depth resolution in a range |
| US15/475,847 Continuation US10223802B2 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2017-03-31 | Method for determining depth maps from stereo images with improved depth resolution in a range |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014108130A1 true WO2014108130A1 (de) | 2014-07-17 |
Family
ID=50433894
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2014/200001 Ceased WO2014108130A1 (de) | 2013-01-14 | 2014-01-14 | Verfahren zur bestimmung von tiefenkarten aus stereobildern mit verbesserter tiefenauflösung in einem bereich |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US9704253B2 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102013100344A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014108130A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2924655A3 (de) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-01-06 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Disparitätswertableitungsvorrichtung, Anlagesteuerungssystem, bewegliche Vorrichtung, Roboter, Disparitätswertableitungsverfahren und computerlesbares Speichermedium |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10616578B2 (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2020-04-07 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Semi-global matching (SGM) cost compression |
| EP3252713A1 (de) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-06 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur durchführung einer 3d- schätzung auf grundlage von lokal bestimmten hypothesen von 3d-informationen |
| KR102320198B1 (ko) | 2017-04-05 | 2021-11-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 깊이 영상 보정 방법 및 장치 |
| US10839539B2 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2020-11-17 | Google Llc | System and method for active stereo depth sensing |
| CN109035321A (zh) * | 2017-06-09 | 2018-12-18 | 河北卓达建材研究院有限公司 | 一种建筑物的体积估算方法 |
| JP6810009B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-29 | 2021-01-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 視差算出装置 |
| JP7005458B2 (ja) | 2018-09-12 | 2022-01-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 画像処理装置、及び、画像処理プログラム、並びに、運転支援システム |
| WO2021118386A1 (ru) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-17 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)" | Способ получения набора объектов трехмерной сцены |
| CN113763269B (zh) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-11-24 | 上海工程技术大学 | 一种用于双目图像的立体匹配方法 |
| WO2023191888A1 (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2023-10-05 | Google Llc | Correlation-based object anti-spoofing for dual-pixel cameras |
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2013
- 2013-01-14 DE DE102013100344.3A patent/DE102013100344A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-01-14 US US14/655,149 patent/US9704253B2/en active Active
- 2014-01-14 DE DE112014000155.4T patent/DE112014000155B4/de active Active
- 2014-01-14 WO PCT/DE2014/200001 patent/WO2014108130A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2017
- 2017-03-31 US US15/475,847 patent/US10223802B2/en active Active
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2924655A3 (de) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-01-06 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Disparitätswertableitungsvorrichtung, Anlagesteuerungssystem, bewegliche Vorrichtung, Roboter, Disparitätswertableitungsverfahren und computerlesbares Speichermedium |
| US9747524B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2017-08-29 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Disparity value deriving device, equipment control system, movable apparatus, and robot |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102013100344A1 (de) | 2014-07-17 |
| US10223802B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
| US20150332467A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
| DE112014000155B4 (de) | 2023-07-20 |
| DE112014000155A5 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
| US9704253B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
| US20170270680A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
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