WO2014105715A1 - Metal remelting and electrical power generation with concentrated solar power - Google Patents
Metal remelting and electrical power generation with concentrated solar power Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014105715A1 WO2014105715A1 PCT/US2013/077002 US2013077002W WO2014105715A1 WO 2014105715 A1 WO2014105715 A1 WO 2014105715A1 US 2013077002 W US2013077002 W US 2013077002W WO 2014105715 A1 WO2014105715 A1 WO 2014105715A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- recycled metal
- molten
- recycled
- solar receiver
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/30—Solar heat collectors for heating objects, e.g. solar cookers or solar furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/003—Dry processes only remelting, e.g. of chips, borings, turnings; apparatus used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to concentrating solar thermal technology and more particularly to methods and apparatus for remelting recycled metal with concentrated solar power and optionally using the melted recycled metal as a heat transfer material for electrical generation.
- the system includes a source of recycled (or scrap) metal.
- recycled or scrap metal is any metal of any type which has previously been manufactured into a product, or which is an otherwise unused by-product of a metal manufacturing process.
- the system includes a solar receiver configured to receive concentrated solar flux reflected from one or many reflecting surfaces to heat a quantity of the recycled metal and cause at least a portion of the recycled metal to melt.
- the system also includes a solidification stage receiving molten recycled metal and providing for the molten metal to be cast into any type of solid form useful for sale or the subsequent production metal products. The solidified metal may then be sold or otherwise removed from the system.
- the system also includes at least one heat exchanger in fluid communication with the solar receiver which receives molten metal from the receiver and provides for heat exchange between the molten metal and the working fluid of an electrical power generation cycle.
- the system may include fluid or solid material conduits which provide for recycling some or all of the molten metal between the solar receiver, an optional molten metal storage system or the solidification stage.
- the system may be configured as an open-ended system where substantially all of the recycled or scrap metal input to the solar receiver is cast into a useful solid form either directly after melting, after storage or after optional heat exchange with an electrical power generation cycle.
- certain embodiments may be operated as a periodically closed- loop system where the molten metal is passed through the solar receiver and any heat exchanger elements multiple times before being cast into a useful form and removed from the system.
- Certain embodiments include preprocessing of the recycled or scrap metal prior to input to a solar receiver.
- recycled scrap metal may be shredded prior to input to the receiver or shredded and then compressed into a billet of desirable shape before input to the receiver.
- Remelting method embodiments utilize a source of recycled or scrap metal as defined above, which may be shredded or compressed into a suitable shape.
- the metal is then loaded into a solar receiver configured to receive concentrated solar flux causing at least a portion of the metal to melt.
- the molten metal is then cast into a solid form with a casting machine or other solidification stage.
- the solid form may be of any shape including but not limited to ingots, billets, sheets, wire, grains or other forms.
- the solid may then be removed from the system, sold or remanufactured into a useful product.
- Other embodiments comprise a method of generating electricity.
- Electricity generation methods also utilize a source of recycled or scrap metal which may be loaded into a solar receiver and melted as described above.
- the melted metal functions as a heat transfer material and after heating is caused to undergo heat exchange with the working fluid of a electricity generation cycle. Energy transferred to the working fluid may then be used to drive one or more turbines to generate electrical power.
- the melted metal heat transfer material may be solidified into a useful solid form and removed from the system as described above or recirculated to the solar receiver for additional heating. In certain embodiments, additional heat exchange between the working fluid and metal heat transfer material occurs during or after the solidification process.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal solar powered recycled or scrap metal remelting system.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an alternative thermal solar powered recycled or scrap metal remelting system.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thermal solar powered recycled or scrap metal remelting system with recuperative input pre-heating.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a thermal solar powered recycled or scrap metal remelting system with an associated power generation cycle.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an alternative thermal solar powered recycled or scrap metal remelting system with an associated electrical power generation cycle.
- the embodiments disclosed herein include concentrated solar thermal systems and methods for remelting metal including but not limited to recycled or scrap metal.
- concentrated solar power (CSP) systems and methods are disclosed which feature the use of recycled metal as a heat transfer material (HTM) which undergoes a solid-liquid phase change.
- HTM heat transfer material
- the term "heat transfer material” is used herein instead of the more commonly used "heat transfer fluid” because in certain stages of the described systems, the recycled or scrap metal HTM is moved, stored and utilized as a non- fluid solid.
- the system is open-ended. Therefore, metal is input to a solar receiver to be melted and then later solidified into a useful form for sale, remanufacturing or otherwise taken away from the solar recycling system.
- the system is operated in partially or periodically closed-loop manner with scrap metal being input to the system and moved through a heat transfer cycle more than once before being cast into a useful form and removed from the solar thermal facility.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system 100 which is configured to melt recycled metal and cast the metal into a solid form for sale or subsequent manufacturing processes.
- the system 100 is therefore an open-ended system.
- Recycled metal, illustrated by cans 102 is shredded by shredder 104 prior to melting.
- the recycled metal input to the system 100 may be of any type including but not limited to aluminum, steel, copper, iron, chromium or other metals.
- the source of the metal may be aluminum cans, cars, structural steel, byproduct (scrap) metal formed during other metal fabricating processes or any other source of metal.
- Selected pre-processing steps such as shredding the recycled metal in shredder 104 may include any physical or chemical process necessary or advisable to prepare the metal for melting in a solar receiver 106.
- the system 100 includes a compressor 108 which operates to compress shredded recycled metal into billets 110 which are sized and shaped to be input into the solar receiver 106.
- the system also includes a mechanical conveyance illustrated as the chain driven billet lift 112. The billet lift serves to move a series of billets 110 from a cold storage unit 114 to the solar receiver 106.
- the recycled metal billets are subject to illumination with concentrated solar flux which causes some or all of the metal to melt into a liquid.
- the molten recycled metal may then flow, for example in conduit 116, to a casting machine 118 for casting into an ingot, bar, billet, sheet or other form which may be sold were used to manufacture products.
- the molten recycled metal Prior to casting, the molten recycled metal may be stored in a hot storage tank 120 which may provide thermal storage useful for electricity generation as described in detail below.
- the solar receiver 106 is shown on top of a concentrating solar thermal tower.
- a tower-based receiver may be advantageous in the described implementation because a tower-based receiver associated with a large field of heliostats can be configured to achieve the high operational temperatures sufficient to melt metal. It is important to note however that other concentrating solar power receiver and system configurations may be suitable for use with a metal recycling/melting system.
- the system 100 of Fig. 1 illustrates a conventional casting machine 118 as a solidification stage configured to form the molten recycled metal into a solid which is suitable for sale or subsequent manufacturing purposes.
- the system could alternatively be implemented with other types of solidification stages as are known in the metal fabrication or metal processing arts.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an alternative system 200 which is configured to utilize shredded recycled or scrap metal directly at the input of a solar receiver 106 in particular, recycled or scrap metal 102 is shredded in the shredder 104 as described above.
- the shredded metal is then loaded into a cold storage tank 202 and subsequently conveyed to an inlet to the solar receiver 106 with a material transport system.
- the illustrated material transport system includes a chain driven bucket lift 204.
- the bucket lift 204 dumps or mixes shredded metal into a quantity of previously melted recycled metal in a slurry mixing chamber 210.
- the hot slurry is then input to the solar receiver 106 where additional solar flux causes some or all of the newly added shredded metal to melt.
- the liquid metal conduit 206 leading from the solar receiver 106 is provided with a return loop 208 between the outlet of the receiver 106 and the slurry mixing chamber 210. Downstream from the return loop, the molten recycled metal may be processed as described above in Fig. 1 with a casting machine 118.
- the slurry mixing chamber 210 and return loop 208 of the system 200 provide for the shredded recycled metal input into the solar receiver to be substantially preheated, reducing the quantity of solar flux required to complete the metal melting process in the solar receiver 106.
- Fig. 3 shows an alternative system 300 and method for utilizing a preheating step. In particular, system 300 is similar to 100 described above with the addition of a recuperated heat stream 302 which transfers heat from the casting machine to a recuperative preheater 304 which preheats billets 110 prior to loading the billets into the solar receiver 106.
- the recuperated heat stream 302 may use any suitable heat transfer fluid, water steam or heat transfer oil for example, to move heat from the casting machine to the recuperative preheater 304.
- the casting machine 118 will typically be provided with suitable heat exchanger elements which facilitate heat exchange between the molten or solidified recycled metal in the casting machine 118 and the heat transfer fluid in the recuperated heat stream 302.
- the transfer of heat from the casting machine 118 to the recuperated heat stream 302 can accelerate the casting process by cooling the molten or solidified metal and also accelerate the initial melting process by preheating the input metal prior to the solar receiver. Therefore, use of a recuperated heat stream 302 and recuperative preheater 304 can provide for relatively enhanced throughput.
- a system 400 may be designed to use a portion of the heat transferred to the recycled metal during the melting process to generate electricity.
- System 400 is similar in many respects to the system 200 of Fig. 2.
- the casting machine element 118 is implemented with a heat exchanger which provides for heat exchange between the molten and or solidified recycled metal and the working fluid of an electric power generation cycle 401.
- the system 400 includes a primary heat exchange stage which may be implemented with a direct contact heat exchanger 402.
- the system 400 also includes a secondary heat exchange stage 404 at the casting machine, where heat is exchanged between the electrical power cycle working fluid flowing in conduit 406 and the solidifying (or solid) metal in the casting machine 118. Energy transferred to the working fluid may be used to power one or more turbines 408 to generate electrical power.
- the recycled metal may be removed from the system, sold or processed into a product after being cast into a useful form, such as billets 410.
- System 400 is therefore substantially open-ended and does not include significant thermal storage.
- System 500 of Fig. 5 may, on the contrary, be operated periodically in a closed-loop fashion.
- molten recycled or scrap metal flowing in conduit 116 from the solar receiver 106 may selectively be routed to the casting machine 118 through heat exchangers 402 and 404.
- the system 500 may be operated in an open-ended fashion where heat from the melted recycled metal provides a thermal energy source to operate an electrical power generation cycle 401.
- An optional hot buffer and storage tank 120 may be provided which will allow the casting machine 118 and heat exchangers 402, 404 to operate for a period of time after sufficient solar flux is unavailable to melt additional metal, at night for example.
- the system 500 may be operated periodically in a closed loop fashion.
- molten recycled metal may undergo primary heat exchange with the working fluid of the electric power generation cycle 401 in the primary heat exchanger 402 and then re-circulated to the receiver in return conduit 502 for additional heating. Electricity may thus be generated for a period of time without removing billets 410 from the system, increasing the efficiency of electrical power generation operations.
- the optional hot buffer and storage tank 120 may be used to allow the system to generate electricity for a period of time after sufficient solar flux is unavailable to melt metal flowing through the receiver, at night for example.
- System 500 therefore provides an operator with the opportunity to favor power generation, or metal recycling operations or a combination of both, based upon the needs of the power grid, energy prices, recycled metal prices and other considerations which may change on an hourly, daily, weekly or other periodic or random basis.
- systems 400 and 500 may be used to re-melt recycled or scrap metal and/or to generate electricity.
- the recycled metal functions as a HTM which is a solid -liquid phase change material (PCM ).
- PCM solid-liquid phase change material
- Certain CSP systems and methods featuring the use of solid-liquid phase change material (PCM) as a heat transfer material (HTM) are described in co-owned and co-pending PCT patent application PCT/US2012/045425 entitled; "Concentrating Solar Power Methods and Systems with Liquid-Solid Phase Change Material for Heat Transfer" the content of which application is incorporated herein for all matters disclosed therein.
- a solid-liquid phase change material is a material which exists in a solid phase at cooler operating temperatures but melts to a liquid phase at hotter operating temperatures.
- One benefit of utilizing a phase change material as the HTM of a CSP system is the high energy density realized by exploiting the latent heat as well as the sensible heat of a suitable HTM.
- the energy storage density of a suitable HTM can typically be doubled by exploiting the latent heat storage of a phase change transition.
- the solar receiver is configured to heat the recycled or scrap metal HTM and cause at least some solid HTM to melt.
- the disclosed systems also include one or more heat exchangers in fluid and thermal communication with the solar receiver and receiving liquid HTM directly or indirectly from the receiver.
- the heat exchanger(s) may be of any type or any level of sophistication needed to provide for heat exchange between the liquid HTM and an electrical power generation cycle working fluid.
- the heat exchanger(s) also provide for the cooling and solidification of liquid HTM in conjunction with heating the working fluid.
- the disclosed systems also include material transport systems providing for the transportation of solid HTM from the outlet of the heat exchanger to the solar receiver for reheating.
- material transport systems providing for the transportation of solid HTM from the outlet of the heat exchanger to the solar receiver for reheating.
- some or all of the HTM undergoes a thermal cycle including a solid to liquid phase change as solar energy is applied to the HTM and a liquid to solid phase change as energy is exchanged with a working fluid.
- the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to any specific type of heat exchanger, power generation block or any specific working fluid.
- the high operating temperatures achievable with certain types of metal HTM facilitate use with higher temperature thermodynamic power production cycles for example a supercritical C0 2 (s- C0 2 ) Brayton cycle.
- All types of power block will include one or more turbines which are caused to rotate by the heated working fluid to generate electricity.
- the power block 416 typically include some or all of the following power block elements: turbines, compressors, condensers, expansion stages, recuperators, heat exchangers and associated pipes, ducts, valves and controls.
- the heat exchanger elements described herein may include separate HTM and working fluid conduits such that heat is exchanged between the HTM and working fluid without physical mixing of the HTM and working fluid streams.
- a direct contact heat exchanger may be utilized where liquid metal HTM interacts directly into the working fluid of the power cycle.
- direct physical contact between the HTM and the working fluid heats the working fluid as the liquid metal HTM is solidified.
- Appendices A, B and C attached hereto contain additional disclosure supporting the disclosed embodiments and directed to additional and supplemental embodiments.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/650,540 US20150308715A1 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2013-12-20 | Metal remelting with concentrated solar power |
CN201380066045.2A CN104981668A (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2013-12-20 | Metal remelting and electrical power generation with concentrated solar power |
EP13868435.2A EP2938934A1 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2013-12-20 | Metal remelting and electrical power generation with concentrated solar power |
ZA2015/03931A ZA201503931B (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2015-06-01 | Metal remelting and electrical power generation with concentrated solar power |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261746950P | 2012-12-28 | 2012-12-28 | |
US61/746,950 | 2012-12-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014105715A1 true WO2014105715A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
Family
ID=51021996
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2013/077002 WO2014105715A1 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2013-12-20 | Metal remelting and electrical power generation with concentrated solar power |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150308715A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2938934A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104981668A (en) |
CL (1) | CL2015001819A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014105715A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201503931B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA3013644A1 (en) | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited | A method, apparatus and system for processing a composite waste source |
FR3094465B1 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-10-01 | Four Solaire Dev | SOLAR PLANT AND TRANSFORMATION PROCESS |
DE102020118651B4 (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-03-31 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Solar radiation receiver and reactor system with solar radiation receiver |
DE102021128851A1 (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-05-11 | Sms Group Gmbh | Process and processing system for heating and further processing metal-containing products using solar thermal energy |
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US20100175687A1 (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-15 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Catalyzed hot gas heating system for concentrated solar power generation systems |
KR20100106551A (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2010-10-01 | 각코호진 시바우라고교다이가쿠 | Method of recycling useful metal |
JP2010249345A (en) * | 2009-04-13 | 2010-11-04 | Masahide Ichikawa | Device for acquiring alkali metal or alkaline earth metal from alkali metal chloride or alkaline earth metal chloride |
JP2011073302A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-14 | Fujifilm Corp | Method for manufacturing aluminum substrate for lithographic printing plate and method for recycling lithographic printing plate |
US20110308249A1 (en) * | 2009-02-15 | 2011-12-22 | Eli Mandelberg | Solar thermal systems |
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US3185457A (en) * | 1961-03-09 | 1965-05-25 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Method of and apparatus for heating fluids |
US4727930A (en) * | 1981-08-17 | 1988-03-01 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington | Heat transfer and storage system |
ITSA20080028A1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2008-12-12 | Green Earth S R L | MANIFOLD TUBE FOR LINEAR SOLAR CONCENTRATORS WITH HIGH TEMPERATURE MICROWASHERS AS A CARRIER. |
DE102008048655B4 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2010-12-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for transporting heat, transport system for a heat transfer medium and its use |
AU2010295374A1 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2012-04-05 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Concentrated solar power system |
ES2363288B1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2012-02-27 | Abengoa Solar New Technologies S.A. | SOLAR RECEIVER OF FOUNDED SALTS AND PROCEDURE TO REDUCE THERMAL GRADIENT IN SUCH RECEPTOR. |
FR2966567B1 (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2014-11-14 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | COLLECTOR SOLAR ENERGY DEVICE |
-
2013
- 2013-12-20 US US14/650,540 patent/US20150308715A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-12-20 WO PCT/US2013/077002 patent/WO2014105715A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-12-20 CN CN201380066045.2A patent/CN104981668A/en active Pending
- 2013-12-20 EP EP13868435.2A patent/EP2938934A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-06-01 ZA ZA2015/03931A patent/ZA201503931B/en unknown
- 2015-06-24 CL CL2015001819A patent/CL2015001819A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20100106551A (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2010-10-01 | 각코호진 시바우라고교다이가쿠 | Method of recycling useful metal |
US20100175687A1 (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-15 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Catalyzed hot gas heating system for concentrated solar power generation systems |
US20110308249A1 (en) * | 2009-02-15 | 2011-12-22 | Eli Mandelberg | Solar thermal systems |
JP2010249345A (en) * | 2009-04-13 | 2010-11-04 | Masahide Ichikawa | Device for acquiring alkali metal or alkaline earth metal from alkali metal chloride or alkaline earth metal chloride |
JP2011073302A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-14 | Fujifilm Corp | Method for manufacturing aluminum substrate for lithographic printing plate and method for recycling lithographic printing plate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2938934A1 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
CN104981668A (en) | 2015-10-14 |
CL2015001819A1 (en) | 2015-10-02 |
ZA201503931B (en) | 2016-04-28 |
US20150308715A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
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