WO2014101638A1 - 倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪 - Google Patents

倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014101638A1
WO2014101638A1 PCT/CN2013/088541 CN2013088541W WO2014101638A1 WO 2014101638 A1 WO2014101638 A1 WO 2014101638A1 CN 2013088541 W CN2013088541 W CN 2013088541W WO 2014101638 A1 WO2014101638 A1 WO 2014101638A1
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Prior art keywords
electric field
signal
motor
motor shaft
constant speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2013/088541
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
俞坤师
谷山强
方玉河
许远根
郭钧天
陈扬
曾喻
李哲
章涵
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Wuhan Nari Co Ltd of State Grid Electric Power Research Institute
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
Wuhan Nari Co Ltd of State Grid Electric Power Research Institute
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201210594907.6A external-priority patent/CN103076508B/zh
Priority claimed from CN 201220750640 external-priority patent/CN203012029U/zh
Application filed by Wuhan Nari Co Ltd of State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical Wuhan Nari Co Ltd of State Grid Electric Power Research Institute
Publication of WO2014101638A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014101638A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric field meter for measuring the intensity of an atmospheric electric field, in particular to an inverted low power constant speed electric field meter. Background technique
  • the strength of the ground electric field depends on the amount of space charge, which is a relatively static field, ie the electrostatic field, compared to the radiation field.
  • the potential difference method that is, measuring the difference between the two points in space.
  • the radiation potentiometer developed in the mid-1970s is based on this principle, and its advantage is simple. However, it is susceptible to environmental pollution and radioactive contamination; the other is the inductive charge method, which uses the principle of inductive charge in the electric field to measure the electric field.
  • the advantage is that it is easy to theoretically and calibrate the instrument, but the measurement accuracy and electric field data can be The reliability is greatly affected by the rotation speed, and the stability is not high during long-term operation.
  • the electric field instrument used in the prior art uses the alternating signal generated by the time-sharing shielding stator of the moving piece to be filtered, then subjected to frequency selective amplification, and then subjected to two-stage amplification, and then synchronously rectified with the optical synchronization signal collected by the photoelectric switch. Then, through the low-pass filtering, the measured value output of the electric field is obtained.
  • the existing electric field meter sets two ranges, and the switching between the two ranges is realized by manual switching. The disadvantage is that the saturation is easy.
  • Chinese Patent Application No. 96250898.5 discloses an inverted electric field meter with a reference positioning frame attached to the housing, through which the motor and the stator are fixed; and the motor shaft is similarly parallel to the moving piece.
  • the small blade and the small blade are placed in the gap of the optical switch, and the electrical signal output by the photoelectric switch and the electrical signal outputted by the signal lead on the stator are connected to the electric field measurement signal processing circuit.
  • 03160053.0 discloses a constant-speed rotating flip-chip electric field meter, which also contains a motor support, small blade, slot (concave) photoelectric switch, due to the positioning frame, small blades and photoelectric switch Applications, they occupy a certain space, resulting in a complex electric field structure, large volume, and the photoelectric switch output signal needs to add additional components, which will also cause the signal processing circuit to be difficult to reduce, which is not conducive to the reduction of the electric field instrument volume. Summary of the invention
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an inverted low power constant speed power supply.
  • the field meter can overcome the problems existing in the prior art, simplify the mechanical structure of the sensing part, reduce the power consumption of the equipment operation, stabilize the rotation speed of the motor for a long time, improve the reliability of the rotating electric field instrument and continuous for a long time. Running performance, suitable for long-term use in the field.
  • the technical solution adopted for achieving the object of the present invention is: an inverted low power constant speed electric field instrument comprising an electric field signal generating component and an electric field signal processing component,
  • the outer casing has an opening at the bottom end
  • the motor disposed in the outer casing, the motor includes a motor shaft, the motor shaft passes through the fixed disc and the fixed disc cover, and the bottom end of the motor shaft does not exceed the opening of the outer casing;
  • a moving piece located directly below the fixed piece, is attached to the cylindrical column.
  • a PCB board provided with an electric field signal processing circuit is screwed into the casing.
  • the electric field signal processing circuit includes an electric field signal amplitude processing circuit and an electric field signal polarity determining circuit, and the electric field signal amplitude processing circuit includes:
  • An I/V conversion circuit wherein the signal input end is connected to the stator
  • the signal input end is connected to the signal output end of the I/V conversion circuit
  • a high-low-pass filter wherein the signal input end is respectively connected to the analog switch output end and the signal output end of the second-stage amplifying circuit
  • a comparator wherein the signal input terminal is connected to the signal output end of the high-low pass filter; a D flip-flop, the signal input being coupled to the signal output of the comparator;
  • the synchronization signal acquiring device is connected to the clock source end of the D flip-flop.
  • the electric field signal processing circuit further includes a motor control module, and the motor control module includes: a rotational speed sensor, configured to monitor a rotational speed of the motor;
  • a processor connected to the rotational speed sensor, configured to process a rotational speed signal of the motor, and control a PWM output signal by a PID algorithm;
  • a thyristor connected to the processor, controls a motor supply voltage according to a frequency of the PWM output signal.
  • the electric field signal processing circuit further includes a power supply unit, and the power supply unit includes:
  • the input terminal is externally connected to the power supply voltage
  • the LDO linear power module has an input end connected to the input end of the switching power supply module, and an output end connected to the power end of the processor.
  • the inverted low power constant speed electric field instrument further includes:
  • a GPS timing module coupled to the processor, for acquiring timing and geographic coordinates.
  • the inverted low-power constant-speed electric field meter further includes a carbon brush disposed in the inner groove of the fixed disc, and one end is abutted against the motor shaft by a pressing spring, The other end is also connected to the outer casing by a lead wire.
  • the inverted low-power constant-speed electric field instrument provided by the invention does not contain any positioning frame, small blade and photoelectric switch inside the casing, which simplifies the processing and assembly steps of the electric field instrument and reduces the complexity of the signal processing circuit. Degree, the overall volume of the electric field meter is reduced.
  • the constant speed processing provided by the present invention forms a closed loop of the motor speed by a combination of PWM and incremental PID algorithms, and controls the rotation speed of the motor by changing the voltage of the motor, and at the same time, the power supply voltage of the motor can be greater than Equal to 5V can operate normally, which also greatly reduces the power consumption of the system.
  • the electric field value data frame provided by the present invention includes real-time time parameters, and the local time stamp provided by the upper computer when receiving data is replaced by a unified GPS timing, which provides guarantee for the comparability of the networked data.
  • DRAWINGS 1 is a schematic structural view of an inverted low power constant speed electric field meter according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a bottom view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of an electric field signal filtering circuit
  • FIG. 4 is a structural block diagram of an electric field signal polarity judging circuit
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram of the structure of the motor control module
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the power supply unit. detailed description
  • the inverted low power constant speed electric field meter shown in Figures 1 and 2 includes an electric field signal generating component and an electric field signal processing component.
  • the electric field signal generating assembly includes a casing 1, a motor 3, a fixed disc 4, a fixed disc cover 6, a fixed piece 8, and a moving piece 9.
  • the bottom end of the outer casing 1 is provided with an opening, and the outer casing 1 is provided with a fixed disc 4 and a fixed disc cover 6, and the fixed disc cover 6 is located directly below the fixed disc 4.
  • the fixed disc 4 and the fixed disc cover 6 are both screwed into the outer casing 1.
  • a motor 3 is further disposed in the outer casing 1, and the motor 3 includes a motor shaft, the motor shaft passes through the fixed disc 4 and the fixed disc cover 6, and the bottom end of the motor shaft does not exceed the opening of the outer casing 1.
  • the stator 8 is connected to the motor shaft through an insulating plastic member 7, and the connection point is located at the bottom end of the fixed disc cover 6 and the outer casing 1, and the bottom end of the motor shaft is sleeved with a cylindrical column 10.
  • the movable piece 9 is located directly below the fixed piece 8 and is attached to the cylindrical column 10.
  • the carbon brush 5 is disposed in the inner groove of the fixed disc 4, one end of which is pressed against the motor shaft by a pressing spring, and the other end is also connected to the outer casing 1 by a lead wire.
  • the electric field signal processing unit is disposed in the casing 1, and includes a PCB board 2 provided with an electric field signal processing circuit, and the PCB board 2 is connected to the fixed disc 4 via a connecting member 11.
  • the electric field signal processing circuit includes an electric field signal amplitude processing circuit and an electric field signal polarity judging circuit, a motor control module and a power supply unit.
  • the electric field signal filtering circuit includes an I/V conversion circuit, a voltage follower, an analog switch, a second-stage amplifying circuit, and a high-low-pass filter.
  • the signal input end of the I/V conversion circuit is connected to the stator 8 and the voltage is a signal input end of the follower is connected to the signal output end of the I/V conversion circuit, and a signal input end of the analog switch is connected to the signal follower signal output end, and a signal input end of the second amplification circuit and the analog switch output End connection, the signal input end of the high and low pass filter is respectively connected with the analog switch output end and the secondary amplifying circuit signal output end, high and low pass filtering
  • the signal output of the device is connected to the AD chip.
  • the electric field signal polarity judging circuit includes a comparator, a D flip-flop and a synchronizing signal acquiring device.
  • the signal input end of the comparator is connected to the signal output end of the high-low pass filter, and the signal input of the D flip-flop is as shown in FIG.
  • the terminal is connected to the signal output end of the comparator, and the synchronization signal output end of the synchronization signal acquiring device is connected to the clock source end of the D flip-flop.
  • the synchronizing signal acquisition device is connected to the following rotational speed sensor for acquiring the rotational speed signal of the motor, and outputting the rotational speed signal as a synchronization signal.
  • the motor control module includes a speed sensor, a processor, and an intergranular tube.
  • a rotational speed sensor is configured to monitor a rotational speed of the motor, and a processor is coupled to the rotational speed sensor for processing a rotational speed signal of the motor, and is fed back to the PWM output signal by a PID algorithm; the intergranular tube is connected to the processor, according to The frequency of the PWM output signal outputs a motor supply voltage.
  • the processor is also connected to a GPS timing module for obtaining timing and geographic coordinates. The invention provides a guarantee for the comparability of the networked data by replacing the local time stamp provided by the upper host computer when the data is received by the unified GPS timing.
  • the power supply unit includes a switching power supply module and an LDO linear power supply module.
  • the input power of the switching power supply module is externally connected to the 12V power supply, and the input end of the LDO linear power supply module is connected to the output end of the switching power supply module.
  • the output end of the LDO is the specific voltage required by the system.
  • the power supply connection of the op amp, the processor, and the AD chip, which are respectively connected to the circuit, is required to be input to the power supply, and the power connection of the part is a conventional conventional technical means, and details are not described herein again.
  • the electric field signal is directly introduced into the electric field signal processing circuit by the stator, that is, the inductive charge generated by the stator is input to the I/V converter, and the DC signal is converted into a voltage signal and then input to the voltage follower, thereby increasing the driving ability of the signal and the load carrying capacity.
  • the analog switch so that the signal is output from different channels, one of the signals enters the secondary amplifier circuit from the small channel, then the high-low-pass filter filters out the unwanted interference signal, and finally enters the signal required by the AD chip for acquisition.
  • the processor is connected to the AD chip, and controls the AD chip to perform full-wave sampling on the filtered signal by using the corresponding sampling rate, continuously collecting the corresponding number of waveforms, recording corresponding values and finding the maximum and minimum values of each waveform, and processing The last value of the maximum value of this continuous waveform. Use the average of this measurement divided by the corresponding coefficient The magnitude of the measured electric field value is obtained.
  • the polarity discrimination process is: the electric field signal filtered by the high-low-pass filter is input to one end of the comparator, the signal from the comparator is connected to the input end of the D flip-flop, and the synchronization signal is connected to the clock source of the D flip-flop. end. After the electric field signal passes through the comparator, it becomes a square wave signal. The square wave signal changes the signal at the output of the D flip-flop under the trigger of the synchronous signal, and uses the high and low levels of the D flip-flop to discriminate the polarity, thereby realizing the discrimination of the electric field polarity. .
  • the motor control part of the low-power constant-speed new electric field meter of the invention comprises a thyristor with photoelectric isolation, a speed signal and a PWM signal, and a PID algorithm, and the specific implementation manner is: a PWM signal is input to the input end of the thyristor, and an output end of the thyristor Connected to the power interface end of the motor, the processor monitors the motor speed signal in real time, and uses the incremental PID algorithm to feed back to the PWM output frequency.
  • the motor speed can be adjusted in real time, thereby stabilizing the motor speed, that is, according to
  • the speed of the motor monitored in real time constitutes a closed-loop control to adjust the PWM output frequency of the processor to change the operating voltage of the motor to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the speed, so that the motor runs stably at a preset speed, reducing the external motor.
  • the effect of the speed is, according to The speed of the motor monitored in real time.
  • the power supply part of the low-power constant-speed new electric field meter of the present invention comprises a switching power supply module and an LDO linear power supply module, and the specific implementation manner is as follows: 12v power input to the input end of the switching power supply module, the switch The output of the power module is connected to the input of the LDO linear power supply.
  • a low-power small motor with a power consumption of only about 400 mW is used, and the switching power supply chip in the switching power supply module greatly reduces the heat consumption caused by the voltage drop of the power chip.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)

Abstract

一种倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪，该电场仪包括外壳（1）、电机（3）、固定圆盘（4）、固定圆盘盖（6）、定片（8）和动片（9）。外壳（1）内设有固定圆盘（4）和固定圆盘盖（6），外壳（1）内还设有电机（3），电机（3）包括电机轴，电机轴穿过固定圆盘（4）及固定圆盘盖（6），定片（8）通过绝缘塑料件（7）连接于电机轴上，电机轴的底端套有圆筒柱（10）。动片（9）连接在圆筒柱（10）上。该电场仪还包括设有电场信号滤波电路和电场信号极性判断电路、电机控制模块和电源单元。该电场仪的外壳内部不含任何定位架、小叶片及光电开关，简化了电场仪的加工制作及装配步骤，降低了信号处理电路的复杂度，缩小了电场仪的整体体积。

Description

倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪 技术领域
本发明涉及测量大气电场强度的电场仪， 具体地指一种倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪。 背景技术
地面电场的强弱取决于空间电荷的多少， 与辐射场相比它是一种相对静止的场， 即 静电场。 目前， 测量大气电场的常用方法主要有两类： 电位差法， 即测量出空间两点间 的点位差， 在 70年代中期研制的放射线电位计就是基于这种原理的， 其优点是简单， 但 易受环境影响并有放射性污染； 另一类是感应电荷法， 即利用导体在电场中感应电荷原 理测量电场， 其优点是便于理论技术和对仪器的标定， 但测量精度和电场数据的可信性 受旋转速度影响极大， 长时间运行时稳定性不高。
目前， 现有的技术所用的电场仪采用动片分时屏蔽定片产生的交变信号经过滤波， 然后进行选频放大，再进行二级放大，然后与光电开关采集的光同步信号经同步整流后， 再通过低通滤波， 得到电场的测量值输出。 但是， 现有的电场仪为了提高测量的范围， 设置了两个量程， 由人工切换的方式实现该两个量程间的切换， 其弊端是易饱和突变。
申请号为 96250898.5的中国专利公开了一种倒置式电场仪， 它在壳体上联有基准定 位架， 电机及定片均通过该定位架固定； 另在电机轴上装有与动片相似平行的小叶片， 小叶片置于光开关的缺口内， 由光电开关输出的电信号及定片上的信号引线输出的电信 号一起接入电场测量信号处理电路中。 申请号为 03160053.0的中国专利公开了一种恒速 旋转倒装式电场仪， 该电场仪同样含有电机支座、 小叶片、 槽 （凹） 型光电开关， 由于 定位架、 小叶片及光电开关的应用， 它们占用一定的空间， 造成电场仪结构复杂， 体积 较大， 而光电开关输出信号需加入额外的元器件， 也会造成信号处理电路不易减小， 不 利于电场仪体积减小。 发明内容
鉴于以上现有技术中存在的问题， 本发明的目的在于提供一种倒置式低功耗恒速电 场仪， 该电场仪能够克服现有技术中存在的问题， 简化传感部分的机械结构， 降低设备 运行的功耗， 稳定电机的转速在长时间运行， 提高旋转电场仪可靠性以及长时间连续运 转性能， 适用于在野外长时间的使用。
实现本发明目的采用的技术方案是： 一种倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪， 包括电场信号 产生组件和电场信号处理组件，
所述电场信号产生组件包括：
外壳， 底端设有开口；
固定圆盘， 通过螺丝连接于所述外壳内；
固定圆盘盖， 位于所述固定圆盘的下方， 通过螺丝连接于所述外壳内；
电机， 设于所述外壳内， 所述电机包括电机轴， 该电机轴穿过所述固定圆盘及固定 圆盘盖， 且电机轴的底端不超过所述外壳的开口；
定片， 通过绝缘塑料件连接于电机轴上， 连接点位于固定圆盘盖与所述外壳底端开 口处；
圆筒柱， 套于所述电机轴的底端； 以及
动片， 位于所述定片的正下方， 连接于所述圆筒柱上。
所述电场信号处理组件包括：
设有电场信号处理电路的 PCB板， 通过螺丝连接于所述外壳内。
在上述技术方案中， 所述电场信号处理电路包括电场信号幅值处理电路和电场信号 极性判断电路， 所述电场信号幅值处理电路包括：
I/V转换电路， 信号输入端与所述定片连接；
电压跟随器， 信号输入端与所述 I/V转换电路信号输出端连接；
模拟开关， 信号输入端与所述电压跟随器信号输出端连接；
二级放大电路， 信号输入端与所述模拟开关输出端连接； 以及
高低通滤波器， 信号输入端分别与所述模拟开关输出端和所述二级放大电路信号输 出端连接；
所述电场信号极性判断电路包括：
比较器， 信号输入端与所述高低通滤波器的信号输出端连接； D触发器， 信号输入端与所述比较器的信号输出端连接； 以及
同步信号获取装置， 同步信号输出端与所述 D触发器的时钟源端连接。
进一步地， 所述电场信号处理电路还包括电机控制模块， 该电机控制模块包括： 转速传感器， 用于监测所述电机的转速；
处理器， 与所述转速传感器连接， 用于处理所述电机的转速信号， 通过 PID算法来 控制 PWM输出信号；
晶闸管， 与所述处理器连接， 根据所述 PWM输出信号的频率控制电机供电电压。 进一步地， 所述电场信号处理电路还包括电源单元， 该电源单元包括：
开关电源模块， 输入端外接供电电压； 以及
LDO线性电源模块， 输入端与所述开关电源模块输入端连接， 输出端分别与处理器 的电源端连接。
进一步地， 所述的倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪还包括：
GPS授时模块， 与所述处理器连接， 用于获取授时和地理坐标。
在上述技术方案中， 所述倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪， 还包括碳刷， 设于所述固定圆 盘的内槽里， 一端通过压紧弹簧来紧靠于所述电机轴上， 另一端还通过引线与所述外壳 连接。
本发明具有以下优点：
1、本发明所提供的倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪， 其外壳内部不含任何定位架、 小叶片 及光电开关， 简化了电场仪的加工制作及装配步骤， 降低了信号处理电路的复杂度， 縮 小了电场仪的整体体积。
2、本发明所提供的恒速处理是通过 PWM和增量 PID算法的结合来对电机转速形成 闭环， 通过改变电机的电压来实现对电机的转速的控制， 同时由于电机的电源电压可以 在大于等于 5V即可正常运行， 也大大的降低了系统的功耗。
3、 本发明所提供的电场值数据帧包括实时的时间参量， 通过统一的 GPS授时来替 换通常上位机接收数据时所提供的本地时间标， 为联网数据的可比性提供了保障。 附图说明 图 1为本发明倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪的结构示意图;
图 2为图 1的仰视图；
图 3为电场信号滤波电路的结构框图；
图 4为电场信号极性判断电路的结构框图；
图 5为电机控制模块的结构框图；
图 6为电源单元的结构框图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
如图 1和图 2所示的倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪， 包括电场信号产生组件和电场信号 处理组件。
其中电场信号产生组件包括外壳 1、 电机 3、 固定圆盘 4、 固定圆盘盖 6、 定片 8和 动片 9。 外壳 1底端设有开口， 外壳 1内设有固定圆盘 4和固定圆盘盖 6， 固定圆盘盖 6 位于固定圆盘 4的正下方。 固定圆盘 4和固定圆盘盖 6均通过螺丝连接与外壳 1内。 外 壳 1内还设有电机 3， 电机 3包括电机轴， 电机轴穿过固定圆盘 4及固定圆盘盖 6， 且电 机轴的底端不超过外壳 1的开口处。 定片 8通过绝缘塑料件 7连接于电机轴上， 且连接 点位于固定圆盘盖 6与外壳 1底端开口处， 电机轴的底端套有圆筒柱 10。 动片 9位于定 片 8的正下方， 且连接在圆筒柱 10上。碳刷 5设于固定圆盘 4的内槽里， 一端通过压紧 弹簧来紧靠于电机轴上， 另一端还通过引线与外壳 1连接。
电场信号处理组件设于外壳 1内， 包括设有电场信号处理电路的 PCB板 2， 该 PCB 板 2通过连接件 11与固定圆盘 4连接。电场信号处理电路包括电场信号幅值处理电路和 电场信号极性判断电路、 电机控制模块和电源单元。
如图 3所示， 电场信号滤波电路包括 I/V转换电路、 电压跟随器、 模拟开关、 二级 放大电路和高低通滤波器， I/V转换电路的信号输入端与定片 8连接， 电压跟随器的信 号输入端与所述 I/V转换电路信号输出端连接， 模拟开关的信号输入端与所述电压跟随 器信号输出端连接， 二级放大电路的信号输入端与所述模拟开关输出端连接， 高低通滤 波器的信号输入端分别与模拟开关输出端和二级放大电路信号输出端连接， 高低通滤波 器的信号输出端与 AD芯片连接。
如图 4所示， 电场信号极性判断电路包括比较器、 D触发器和同步信号获取装置， 比较器的信号输入端与所述高低通滤波器的信号输出端连接， D触发器的信号输入端与 所述比较器的信号输出端连接， 同步信号获取装置的同步信号输出端与所述 D触发器的 时钟源端连接。同步信号获取装置与下文的转速传感器连接，用于获取电机的转速信号， 将该转速信号作为同步信号输出。
如图 5所示， 电机控制模块包括转速传感器、 处理器和晶间管。 转速传感器用于监 测所述电机的转速， 处理器与所述转速传感器连接， 用于处理所述电机的转速信号， 通 过 PID算法反馈到 PWM输出信号； 晶间管与所述处理器连接， 根据所述 PWM输出信 号的频率输出电机供电电压。处理器还连接有 GPS授时模块，用于获取授时和地理坐标。 本发明通过统一的 GPS授时来替换通常上位机接收数据时所提供的本地时间标，为联网 数据的可比性提供了保障。
电源单元包括开关电源模块和 LDO线性电源模块， 开关电源模块输入端外接的 12v 供电， LDO线性电源模块输入端与所述开关电源模块输出端连接， LDO 的输出端为系 统所需要的具体电压， 分别连接到电路中的运放、 处理器及 AD芯片等需要输入电源的 输入端， 该部分的电源连接为现有常规技术手段， 此处不再赘述。
本发明的工作过程如下：
电场信号直接由定片引入电场信号处理电路， 即由定子产生的感应电荷输入 I/V转 换器， 将直流信号转变成电压信号然后输入到电压跟随器， 增加信号的驱动和带负载的 能力后进入模拟开关， 使得信号从不同的通道输出， 其中的一路信号从小通道里进入到 二级放大电路， 再到高低通滤波器滤掉不需要的干扰信号， 最后进入 AD芯片进行采集 所需要的信号的值， 另一路信号大通道里直接到高低通滤波器滤掉不需要的干扰信号， 最后进入 AD芯片进行采集所需要的信号的值， 根据 AD芯片采样的电场幅值大小实现 了自动量程切换的功能。
处理器与 AD芯片连接， 控制 AD芯片对滤波后的信号用利用相应的采样率进行全 波采样， 连续采集相应个数的波形， 记录相应的数值并且求每个波形的最大和最小值， 处理器最后对这段连续波形的最大值平均值。 利用这个测量的平均值除以相应的系数就 得到所测的电场值的幅值大小。
极性判别过程为： 经过高低通滤波器滤波后的电场信号输入到比较器的一端， 比较 器出来的信号接入到 D触发器的输入端，而同步信号接入到 D触发器的时钟源端。 电场 信号经过比较器后变成方波信号， 方波信号在同步信号的触发下改变 D触发器输出端的 信号， 采用 D触发器的高低电平来判别极性， 从而实现了电场极性的判别。
本发明的低功耗恒速新型电场仪的电机控制部分包括带光电隔离的晶闸管、 转速信 号和 PWM信号以及 PID算法， 具体的实现方式为： PWM信号输入到晶闸管的输入端， 晶闸管的输出端接入电机的电源接口端， 处理器实时监测电机转速信号， 同时采用增量 PID算法反馈到 PWM的输出频率， 调节电机的电源大小即可实时调整电机的转速， 从 而稳定电机的转速， 即根据实时监控的电机的转速组成一个闭环控制来调节处理器的 PWM 的输出频率， 达到改变电机的运行电压， 以达到稳定速度的目的， 从而使电机以 预先设定的转速稳定运行， 减少外界对电机转速的影响。
如图 6所示， 本发明的低功耗恒速新型电场仪的电源供电部分包括开关电源模块、 LDO线性电源模块， 具体的实现方式为： 12v的电源输入到开关电源模块的输入端， 开 关电源模块的输出端接到 LDO线性电源的输入端。 本实施例采用功耗只有 400mw左右 的低功耗小型电机， 开关电源模块中的开关电源芯片大大减低了系统因电源芯片的压降 而引起的热消耗。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪， 其特征在于， 包括电场信号产生组件和电场信号 处理组件，
所述电场信号产生组件包括：
外壳， 底端设有开口；
固定圆盘， 通过螺丝连接于所述外壳内；
固定圆盘盖， 位于所述固定圆盘的下方， 通过螺丝连接于所述外壳内；
电机， 设于所述外壳内， 所述电机包括电机轴， 该电机轴穿过所述固定圆盘及固定 圆盘盖， 且电机轴的底端不超过所述外壳的开口；
定片， 通过绝缘塑料件连接于电机轴上， 连接点位于固定圆盘盖与所述外壳底端开 口处；
圆筒柱， 套于所述电机轴的底端； 以及
动片， 位于所述定片的正下方， 连接于所述圆筒柱上。
所述电场信号处理组件包括：
设有电场信号处理电路的 PCB板， 通过螺丝连接于所述外壳内。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪， 其特征在于， 所述电场信号处 理电路包括电场信号幅值处理电路和电场信号极性判断电路， 所述电场信号幅值处理电 路包括：
I/V转换电路， 信号输入端与所述定片连接；
电压跟随器， 信号输入端与所述 I/V转换电路信号输出端连接；
模拟开关， 信号输入端与所述电压跟随器信号输出端连接；
二级放大电路， 信号输入端与所述模拟开关输出端连接； 以及
高低通滤波器， 信号输入端分别与所述模拟开关输出端和所述二级放大电路信号输 出端连接；
所述电场信号极性判断电路包括： 比较器， 信号输入端与所述高低通滤波器的信号输出端连接；
D触发器， 信号输入端与所述比较器的信号输出端连接； 以及
同步信号获取装置， 同步信号输出端与所述 D触发器的时钟源端连接。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪， 其特征在于， 所述电场信号处 理电路还包括电机控制模块， 该电机控制模块包括：
转速传感器， 用于监测所述电机的转速；
处理器， 与所述转速传感器连接， 用于处理所述电机的转速信号， 通过 PID算法来 控制 PWM输出信号；
晶闸管， 与所述处理器连接， 根据所述 PWM输出信号的频率控制电机供电电压。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪， 其特征在于， 所述电场信号处 理电路还包括电源单元， 该电源单元包括：
开关电源模块， 输入端外接供电电压； 以及
LDO线性电源模块， 输入端与所述开关电源模块输入端连接， 输出端分别与处理器 的电源端连接。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述的倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪， 其特征在于， 还包括： GPS授时模块， 与所述处理器连接， 用于获取授时和地理坐标。
6. 根据权利要求 1~5 任一项所述的倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪， 其特征在于， 还包 括：
碳刷， 设于所述固定圆盘的内槽里， 一端通过压紧弹簧来紧靠于所述电机轴上， 另 一端还通过引线与所述外壳连接。
PCT/CN2013/088541 2012-12-31 2013-12-04 倒置式低功耗恒速电场仪 Ceased WO2014101638A1 (zh)

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