WO2014086147A1 - 安全自动控制系统的分布式能源的孤岛检测、控制方法 - Google Patents

安全自动控制系统的分布式能源的孤岛检测、控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2014086147A1
WO2014086147A1 PCT/CN2013/079394 CN2013079394W WO2014086147A1 WO 2014086147 A1 WO2014086147 A1 WO 2014086147A1 CN 2013079394 W CN2013079394 W CN 2013079394W WO 2014086147 A1 WO2014086147 A1 WO 2014086147A1
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Prior art keywords
distributed power
frequency difference
utility grid
distributed
power supply
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French (fr)
Inventor
许箴
曹良
陈曙
何晓明
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CHANG ZHOU CURRENT SUPPLY Co OF JIANGSU ELECTRIC POWER Co
State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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CHANG ZHOU CURRENT SUPPLY Co OF JIANGSU ELECTRIC POWER Co
State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication of WO2014086147A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014086147A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/388—Arrangements for the handling of islanding, e.g. for disconnection or for avoiding the disconnection of power

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to a method for detecting and controlling distributed energy of a safety automatic control system based on a 3G network. Background technique
  • the so-called island phenomenon refers to the distributed power generation system.
  • the distributed grid-connected power generation system of each user terminal fails to detect the power outage status in time, thus not cutting itself off from the mains.
  • the network eventually forms a self-contained island power generation system consisting of a distributed power plant grid-connected power generation system and its connected loads.
  • the so-called islanding effect refers to a power generating device that is incorporated into a public power grid. In the case of a power outage, the power generating device cannot detect or have no corresponding detecting means at all, and still feeds power to the public power grid.
  • the occurrence of the islanding effect will bring serious safety hazards to system equipment and related personnel, including: (1) The islanding effect will cause the voltage and frequency to be out of control, and the voltage and frequency in the island system will fluctuate greatly, thus Damage to the user equipment; (2) When the island system is reconnected to the grid, the circuit breaker unit is damaged due to the fact that the distributed power generation unit in the system may be out of sync with the grid during reclosing, and may generate high inrush current.
  • the islanding effect may cause the failure to be removed, resulting in damage to the grid equipment and interfering with the automatic or manual recovery of the grid's normal power supply system;
  • the islanding effect causes some lines that are considered to have been disconnected from all power sources to be charged, which poses a risk of electric shock to the personnel involved. Therefore, in a distributed power generation system, if the island information can be quickly obtained and emergency control is performed on the utility grid side, personnel and equipment accidents can be avoided.
  • island protection There are two types of island protection for distributed generation systems, based on local electricity collected by monitoring grid-connected devices and communication-based anti-island protection. Communication-based island protection is divided into interlocking trip island protection and carrier island protection. The traditional interlocking trip island protection wiring is complicated and requires a large number of control cables to be connected. Island-based protection based on local measurements includes passive and active island protection. Passive island protection has detection dead zones, while active island protection requires the addition of disturbance signals to the system and can only be installed on the distributed power side.
  • the technical standards of the project, the relevant units have also developed the first set of distributed low-voltage anti-island devices and low-voltage circuit breakers in China, and they are put into trial operation in Hangzhou and Jiaxing, Zhejiang.
  • the low-voltage anti-island device is an anti-island device specially designed for power maintenance or related power operators.
  • the active anti-islanding strategy has a small dead zone, but it must be embedded in the control strategy of the distributed generation system. It is difficult to define the effect of the multi-machine system. It is difficult to ensure the reliability of the island protection in the high-density multi-machine grid-connected system.
  • the device based on the passive anti-islanding strategy can exist independently in the power grid system, and combined with the anti-islanding function of each grid-connected unit of the distributed power generation system, the island identification reliability of the distributed power generation system can be greatly improved.
  • the research on passive anti-islanding strategy mainly focuses on the extraction of feature quantity and the application of related signal analysis methods.
  • the effectiveness evaluation is mainly reflected in how to distinguish the island phenomenon and the normal operation state of the power system.
  • the existing passive anti-islanding strategy also has the problem that the detection blind zone is large and the threshold is difficult to set.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an islanding detection and control method for distributed energy of a safety automatic control system suitable for anti-island protection function.
  • the method for detecting and controlling the distributed energy of the safety automatic control system comprises the following steps:
  • the control terminal installed on the distributed power source side synchronously measures the frequency of the distributed power source, and puts a time stamp, and sends the synchronous measurement frequency data to the utility grid side through the 3G network;
  • the control terminal installed on the utility grid side synchronously measures the frequency of the public power grid and marks the time stamp, and simultaneously receives the synchronous measurement frequency data sent by the distributed power source side;
  • the frequency difference if more than one value setting operation (setting operation of the value is generally ⁇ 3 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, particularly Numerical reference to the State Grid Corporation Enterprise Standard Q/GDW617-2011: PV power plant access to the grid technical regulations), after a given delay (generally less than 160 milliseconds), issue a trip command to the distributed power supply side; if the frequency difference is exceeded A set start value (generally 0.1 Hz, the set start value requirement is greater than the terminal acquisition accuracy), but does not exceed the set action value, the frequency difference energy integral value Kd f is calculated by the following formula (1) :
  • Ef is the frequency difference between the public network side and the distributed power supply side
  • a jump command is issued to the distributed power source side.
  • the control terminal installed on the distributed power supply side after receiving the trip command on the utility grid side, trips the grid-connected circuit breaker to eliminate the island operation state.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an island detecting process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Df Calculate the frequency difference between the public network side and the distributed power supply side for the public network side terminal
  • Fsys Calculate the public network frequency for the public network side terminal
  • Fdg Distributed power supply side frequency
  • Fsetl Set the action value, Tsetl Given delay
  • Kdf frequency difference energy integral value, Kset2 frequency difference energy given value
  • FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of a distributed automatic power supply system safety automatic control system and its terminal equipment according to the present invention. Specific form
  • the control terminal installed on the distributed power source side synchronously measures the frequency of the distributed power source, and puts a time stamp, and sends the synchronous measurement frequency data to the utility grid side through the 3G network;
  • the control terminal installed on the utility grid side synchronously measures the frequency of the public power grid and marks the time stamp, and simultaneously receives the synchronous measurement frequency data sent by the distributed power source side; Installed in the utility grid side control terminal according to the frequency difference between the time stamp, and distributed computing utility grid side power supply side, the frequency difference if more than one value setting operation (setting operation of the value is generally ⁇ 3 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, particularly The value can also refer to the State Grid Corporation Enterprise Standard Q/GDW617-2011: Photovoltaic power plant access to the grid technical regulations), after a given delay (generally less than 160 milliseconds), issue a trip command to the distributed power supply side; If the difference exceeds a set start value (generally 0.1 Hz, the set start value is greater than the terminal acquisition accuracy), but the set action value is not exceeded, the frequency difference energy integral value Kd f is calculated by the following formula (1) :
  • Ef is the frequency difference between the public network side and the distributed power supply side
  • the control terminal installed on the distributed power supply side after receiving the trip command on the utility grid side, trips the grid-connected circuit breaker to eliminate the island operation state.
  • the frequency difference energy integration method is used to discriminate, which effectively reduces the detection dead zone, effectively guarantees the isolated island detection rate of the distributed energy, and expands the isolated island detection range. Improve the safety of power grid operation.
  • the terminal on the substation side and the terminal on the distributed power supply side are uniformly beat by the global clock synchronization system, and the high-speed synchronous sampling is performed at different places, the electric quantity calculation frequency is collected, the frequency data with absolute time scale is formed, and the distributed power supply side will have the dynamic frequency of the absolute time scale.
  • the data is sent to the substation side terminal through the 3G wireless network.
  • the substation terminal Based on the distributed power supply side and substation side frequency data, the substation terminal uses the frequency difference energy integration principle to discriminate the distributed power supply operation status, and issues corresponding commands to the distributed power supply side terminal through the 3G network to solve the problem of isolated islands derived from distributed power supply. k applicability
  • the invention collects the frequency of the utility grid side and the frequency of the distributed power source side, and the method is simple and reliable, the wiring mode is simple, and the engineering implementation is facilitated, and the implementation is realized. Detection of isolated islands within the range of the network breaker to the utility grid side bus. When the frequency difference exceeds the set start value and does not exceed the set action value, the frequency difference energy integration method is used to discriminate, which effectively reduces the detection dead zone, effectively guarantees the isolated island detection rate of the distributed energy, and expands the isolated island detection range. Improve the safety of power grid operation.
  • the island detecting system for distributed energy of the present invention comprises: a distributed power source side, a substation side based 3G network based synchronous measuring and controlling terminal. Terminal on the substation side and distributed power side The terminal is uniformly beat by the global clock synchronization system, performs high-speed synchronous sampling at different places, collects the electric quantity calculation frequency, forms frequency data with absolute time scale, and distributes the dynamic frequency data with absolute time scale to the substation side terminal through the 3G wireless network. . Based on the distributed power source side and substation side frequency data, the substation terminal uses the frequency difference energy integration principle to discriminate the distributed power supply operating state, and issues corresponding commands to the distributed power supply side terminal through the 3G network to solve the problem of isolated islands derived from distributed power supply.
  • the specific research plan includes: Establishing a simulation analysis platform for distributed generation grid-connected systems including distribution network, distributed generation system and local load, and analyzing the essential characteristics of the island phenomenon and other abnormal phenomena of the power system.
  • the effective mechanism for distinguishing the island phenomenon from other power system anomalies by establishing an experimental platform, experimenting with the island phenomenon and other abnormal phenomena of the power system, and verifying the simulation with the experimental data;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种安全自动控制系统的分布式能源的孤岛检测方法，其包括：装设在分布式电源侧的控制终端对该分布式电源进行同步测量频率，并打上时标，将同步测量频率数据通过3G网络发送到公用电网侧；装设在公用电网侧的控制终端对公用电网进行同步测量频率，并打上时标，同时所述接收分布式电源侧上送的同步测量频率数据；装设在公用电网侧的控制终端根据时标，计算公用电网侧和分布式电源侧的频差，如果该频差超过一设定动作值，经过给定的延时后向分布式电源侧发出跳闸命令；如果所述频差超出一设定启动值，但未超过所述设定动作值，则计算频差能量积分值Kdf；若Kdf超过一频差能量积分设定值，则向分布式电源侧发出跳闸命令。

Description

安全自动控制系统的分布式能源的孤岛检测、 控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电力技术领域， 特别涉及一种基于 3G网络的安全自动控制系统 的分布式能源的孤岛检测、 控制方法。 背景技术
所谓孤岛现象， 是指分布式发电系统中， 当电网供电因故障事故或停电维修 而跳闸后， 各个用户端的分布式并网发电系统未能及时检测出停电状态， 从而未 将自身切离市电网络， 最终形成由分布式电站并网发电系统和其相连负载组成的 一个自给供电的孤岛发电系统。
所谓孤岛效应， 即指如并入公共电网中的发电装置， 在电网断电的情况下， 这个发电装置却不能检测到或根本没有相应检测手段，仍然向公共电网馈送电量。
孤岛效应的发生会给系统设备和相关人员带来严重的安全隐患， 包括： （1 ) 孤岛效应使电压和频率失去控制，孤岛系统中的电压和频率将会发生较大的波动， 从而对电网和用户设备造成损坏； （2) 孤岛系统被重新接入电网时， 由于重合闸 时系统中的分布式发电装置可能与电网不同步而使断路器装置受到损坏， 并且可 能产生很高的冲击电流， 从而损害孤岛系统中的分布式发电装置， 甚至导致电网 重新跳闸； （3 ) 孤岛效应可能导致故障不能清除， 从而导致电网设备的损害， 并 且干扰电网正常供电系统的自动或手动恢复； （4) 孤岛效应使得一些被认为已经 与所有电源断开的线路带电， 这会给相关人员带来电击的危险。 因此在分布式发 电系统中， 如果在公用电网侧能够快速获取孤岛信息并进行紧急控制， 可以避免 人员和设备事故发生。
分布式发电系统的孤岛保护有两种， 基于通过监控并网装置采集到的本地电 气量和基于通信的反孤岛保护。 基于通信的孤岛保护分为联锁跳闸孤岛保护和载 波孤岛保护等。 传统的联锁跳闸孤岛保护接线复杂， 需要连接大量的控制电缆。 基于本地测量的孤岛保护包含被动式和主动式孤岛保护， 被动式孤岛保护存在着 检测盲区， 而主动式孤岛保护需要对系统加入扰动信号， 而且只能在分布式电源 侧安装。
目前的国内外研究状况表明， 针对防孤岛措施的研究主要集中于孤岛检测方 法和孤岛有效性评估方面； 针对孤岛现象和其他电力系统异常现象的本质区分的 研究也较少； 针对应用于多分布式发电系统并网条件下的孤岛检测方案已具有一 定的研究深度， 但现有方案的普遍适用性还有待验证。 气
¾麵年初， 中国国家电网公司组织制定了 《分布式光伏专用低压防孤岛装置 技术规范》、 《分布式光伏并网专用低压断路器技术规范》 和 《分布式光伏并网专 用低压断路器检测规程》 目项技术标准， 相关单位也已研制出国内首套分布式光伏 专用低压防孤岛装置和低压断路器并在浙江杭州、 嘉兴挂网试运行。 该低压防孤 岛装置是专门为电力检修或相关电力操作人员设计的一种防孤岛设备， 独立于分 布式电源， 由操作开关和扰动负载组成， 在使用时需要人工操作以引入扰动负载， 该方式不是一般意义下的在线防孤岛检测设备， 其只是一种检修安全操作设备， 以主动破坏孤岛平衡为原理， 不能实现孤岛的及时识别和安全保护。 气
随着分布式发电系统的规模化并入电网， 非计划孤岛现象发生的可能性和引 起的危害性会不断增加， 发展普遍适用的具高可靠性的防孤岛措施的必要性日益 凸显。 气
随着分布式发电系统的规模化并入电网， 研究普遍适用的高可靠性防孤岛安 全措施是保障新能源电力系统安全稳定运行的重要途径。 主动式防孤岛策略具有 较小盲区， 但须植入分布式发电系统的控制策略中， 对于多机系统难以界定其效 果， 在高密度多机并网系统中难以保证孤岛保护的可靠性。 基于被动式防孤岛策 略的装置可以独立存在于电网系统中， 与分布式发电系统各并网单元的防孤岛作 用相结合， 可以大幅提高分布式发电系统的孤岛识别可靠性。 气
目前， 针对被动式防孤岛策略的研究主要集中在特征量的提取和相关信号分 析方法的应用上， 其有效性评估主要体现在如何区分孤岛现象和电力系统正常运 行状态。 针对孤岛现象和其它电力系统异常现象的研究较少， 针对基于阻抗特征 变化的被动式防孤岛措施的研究较少。 现有的被动式防孤岛策略还普遍存在检测 盲区大、 阀值难以整定的问题。 气 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提出一种适于防孤岛保护功能的安全自动控制系 统的分布式能源的孤岛检测、 控制方法。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明的提供的安全自动控制系统的分布式能源的孤 岛检测、 控制方法， 包括如下步骤： 装设在分布式电源侧的控制终端对该分布式电源进行同步测量频率， 并打上 时标， 将同步测量频率数据通过 3G网络发送到公用电网侧；
装设在公用电网侧的控制终端对公用电网进行同步测量频率， 并打上时标， 同时所述接收分布式电源侧上送的同步测量频率数据；
装设在公用电网侧的控制终端根据时标， 计算公用电网侧和分布式电源侧的 频差， 如果该频差超过一设定动作值（该设定动作值一般为± 3^¾， 具体数值参 考国家电网公司企业标准 Q/GDW617-2011 : 光伏电站接入电网技术规定）， 经过 给定的延时 （一般小于 160毫秒） 后向分布式电源侧发出跳闸命令； 如果所述频 差超出一设定启动值（一般为 0.1Hz, 该设定启动值要求大于终端采集精度）， 但 未超过所述设定动作值， 则采用如下公式 （1 ) 计算频差能量积分值 Kdf:
Figure imgf000005_0001
式中， Ef : 公网侧和分布式电源侧的频差；
若 f超过一频差能量积分设定值， 则向分布式电源侧发出跳间命令。 装设在分布式电源侧的控制终端， 在接收到公用电网侧的跳闸命令后， 跳开 并网断路器， 消除孤岛运行状态。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例的孤岛检测流程示意图；
图中： Df: 为公网侧终端计算公网侧与分布式电源侧频率差； Fsys : 为公网 侧终端计算公网频率； Fdg: 分布式电源侧频率； Fsetl : 设定动作值， Tsetl给定 延时； Kdf: 频差能量积分值， Kset2频差能量给定值；
图 2 为本发明的分布式电源接入系统安全自动控制系统及其终端设备布置 图。 具体实 式
本实施例的安全自动控制系统的分布式能源的孤岛检测、 控制方法， 包括如 下步骤：
装设在分布式电源侧的控制终端对该分布式电源进行同步测量频率， 并打上 时标， 将同步测量频率数据通过 3G网络发送到公用电网侧；
装设在公用电网侧的控制终端对公用电网进行同步测量频率， 并打上时标， 同时所述接收分布式电源侧上送的同步测量频率数据； 装设在公用电网侧的控制终端根据时标， 计算公用电网侧和分布式电源侧的 频差， 如果该频差超过一设定动作值（该设定动作值一般为± 3^¾， 具体数值还 可参考国家电网公司企业标准 Q/GDW617-2011 : 光伏电站接入电网技术规定）， 经过给定的延时 （一般小于 160毫秒） 后向分布式电源侧发出跳闸命令； 如果所 述频差超出一设定启动值（一般为 0.1Hz,该设定启动值要求大于终端采集精度）， 但未超过所述设定动作值， 则采用如下公式 （1 ) 计算频差能量积分值 Kdf:
* { - ... ( 1 )
式中， Ef : 公网侧和分布式电源侧的频差；
若 f超过一频差能量积分设定值， 则向分布式电源侧发出跳间命令。
装设在分布式电源侧的控制终端， 在接收到公用电网侧的跳闸命令后， 跳开 并网断路器， 消除孤岛运行状态。
当频差超出设定启动值、 未超过设定动作值时， 采用频差能量积分法判别， 有效的减少了检测盲区， 有效的保障了分布式能源的孤岛检测率， 扩大了孤岛检 测范围， 提高了电网运行安全性。
变电站侧的终端和分布式电源侧的终端由全局时钟同步系统统一节拍， 进行 异地高速同步采样， 采集电气量计算频率、 形成带绝对时标的频率数据， 分布式 电源侧将带绝对时标的动态频率数据通过 3G无线网络发送到变电站侧终端。 变 电站终端根据分布式电源侧和变电站侧频率数据， 采用频差能量积分原理判别分 布式电源运行状态， 通过 3G网络对分布式电源侧终端发出相应命令， 解决分布 式电源并网衍生的孤岛问题。 k应用性
相对于现有技术， 本发明的方案具有的技术效果： （1 ) 本发明通过采集公用 电网侧的频率和分布式电源侧的频率， 方法简单可靠， 接线方式简单， 便于工程 实施， 实现从并网断路器到公用电网侧母线范围内孤岛的检测。 当频差超出设定 启动值、 未超过设定动作值时， 采用频差能量积分法判别， 有效的减少了检测盲 区， 有效的保障了分布式能源的孤岛检测率， 扩大了孤岛检测范围， 提高了电网 运行安全性。
(2)本发明的用于分布式能源的孤岛检测系统包括： 分布式电源侧的、变电 站侧的基于 3G网络的同步测量及控制终端。 变电站侧的终端和分布式电源侧的 终端由全局时钟同步系统统一节拍， 进行异地高速同步采样， 采集电气量计算频 率、 形成带绝对时标的频率数据， 分布式电源侧将带绝对时标的动态频率数据通 过 3G无线网络发送到变电站侧终端。 变电站终端根据分布式电源侧和变电站侧 频率数据， 采用频差能量积分原理判别分布式电源运行状态， 通过 3G网络对分 布式电源侧终端发出相应命令， 解决分布式电源并网衍生的孤岛问题。
( 3 )在理论分析的基础上， 对（分布式电源并网系统中的）光伏并网系统在 孤岛运行以及各种电力系统异常情况下的动态特性进行分析计算， 从电网安全稳 定运行的要求出发， 研究并提出基于电网阻抗监测的新型被动式孤岛检测技术。 具体的研究计划包括： 展建立包括配电网、分布式发电系统及本地负载在内的分 布式发电并网系统的仿真分析平台， 解析孤岛现象和电力系统其它异常现象发生 时的本质特征， 建立区分孤岛现象和其它电力系统异常现象的有效机制； 靠建立 实验平台， 对孤岛现象及其它电力系统异常现象进行实验， 结合实验数据进行仿 真验证； 必 按照国家电网公司 «年制定的 《分布式光伏专用低压防孤岛装置 技术规范》 进行孤岛测试， 细化及完善普遍适用的保障分布式发电系统安全稳定 运行的被动式防孤岛策略。 般

Claims

权利要求书特
1、 一种安全自动控制系统的分布式能源的孤岛检测、 控制方法， 其特征在于 包括：
装设在分布式电源侧的控制终端对该分布式电源进行同步测量频率， 并打上 时标， 将同步测量频率数据通过 3G网络发送到公用电网侧；
装设在公用电网侧的控制终端对公用电网进行同步测量频率， 并打上时标， 同时所述接收分布式电源侧上送的同步测量频率数据；
装设在公用电网侧的控制终端根据时标， 计算公用电网侧和分布式电源侧的 频差， 如果该频差超过一设定动作值， 经过给定的延时后向分布式电源侧发出跳 闸命令； 如果所述频差超出一设定启动值， 但未超过所述设定动作值， 则采用如 下公式 （1 ) 计算频差能量积分值 Kdf: ι ... ( l )
式中， Df: 公网侧和分布式电源侧的频差；
若 f超过一频差能量积分设定值， 则向分布式电源侧发出跳间命令； 装设在分布式电源侧的控制终端， 在接收到公用电网侧的跳闸命令后， 跳开 并网断路器， 消除孤岛运行状态。 特
PCT/CN2013/079394 2012-12-05 2013-07-15 安全自动控制系统的分布式能源的孤岛检测、控制方法 Ceased WO2014086147A1 (zh)

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