WO2014077703A1 - Improvements in and relating to power supply systems - Google Patents
Improvements in and relating to power supply systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014077703A1 WO2014077703A1 PCT/NZ2013/000205 NZ2013000205W WO2014077703A1 WO 2014077703 A1 WO2014077703 A1 WO 2014077703A1 NZ 2013000205 W NZ2013000205 W NZ 2013000205W WO 2014077703 A1 WO2014077703 A1 WO 2014077703A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transmission line
- power transmission
- power supply
- pickup
- supply system
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 33
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
-
- H02J5/005—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/24—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by high frequency ac, or with separate oscillator frequency
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
- H05B47/185—Controlling the light source by remote control via power line carrier transmission
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49021—Magnetic recording reproducing transducer [e.g., tape head, core, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improvements in and relating to power supply systems having an associated power transmission line.
- the present invention has particular advantage in situations in which one or more circuits may be added to, or removed from, the power supply system.
- Lighting systems which are designed to operate in hazardous or adverse conditions, such as outdoors, in volatile environments, or underwater are typically custom designed or fitted by specialist installers. The reason for this is that the system needs to be sealed from the environment to ensure durability and reliable operation. In addition, in environments where flammable gases or the like are present the lighting system must be hermetically sealed to ensure no chance of ignition of gasses is possible.
- custom designed power supply systems are typically not configured for expandability.
- the number of devices connected to the power supply network and the power consumption requirements of those devices is calculated.
- a power supply is chosen to provide a specified reliability at the calculated load. If further devices are desired to be connected to the network the loading requirements must be confirmed to be within the supply range of the power supply.
- the power supply will provide a constant output voltage over a specified current range.
- connection of the new device will most likely require specialist installation to ensure connection of the new device conforms with the sealing requirements of the system.
- a power supply system including:
- the pickup is configured to accept and slidingly engage with the power transmission line such that the pickup surrounds the portion of the power transmission line threaded through the pickup, and to inductively couple to the power transmission line, wherein the at least one pickup can be positioned at any point along the length of the power transmission line by sliding it along the power transmission line.
- the power supply actively monitors the power transmission line to dynamically maintain a constant current there through. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that as devices are coupled to, or removed from the power transmission line the current will fluctuate in accordance with Ohms law. Therefore dynamically monitoring and maintaining a constant current through the power transmission line allows for 'clip on' type pickups to be added to and removed from the power transmission line without interruption to the power provided to other devices coupled to the power transmission line.
- a further advantage of constant current control is that resistive losses in the power transmission line are kept constant regardless of the number of pickups coupled to the power transmission line. This is particularly advantageous when the power transmission line is long.
- the power supply is supplied by a mains power source.
- the power supply could be supplied by any number of power sources, such as, for example, batteries or solar panels.
- the power supply incorporates a means for storage of electrical energy.
- Bulk energy storage in electronic circuits can be achieved in any number of ways; non limiting examples include batteries, capacitors, inductors or the like.
- the power supply provides electrical isolation between the mains input supply and the power supply output.
- the power supply includes an inverter circuit configured to provide an AC waveform.
- the inverter produces a low voltage AC waveform in the range of around 500 Hz to 1 kHz.
- the AC output frequency may vary depending on the requirements of a particular power supply system installation, therefore the AC waveform frequency should not be seen as being limiting.
- the inverter produces a pulse width modulated output of between 30 kHz and 100 kHz. It will be appreciated that the pulse width modulated output of an inverter may be configured to operate at any frequency, therefore the inverter pulse width output should not be seen as being limiting.
- the inverter produces a pulse width modulated output of substantially 50 kHz.
- the pulse width modulated output has an underlying pulse train corresponding to a sinusoidal waveform.
- the underlying pulse train has a frequency of between 500 Hz and 1 kHz.
- the underlying pulse train has a frequency of about 600 Hz.
- the power supply includes a low pass filter capable of filtering high frequency components from the pulse width modulated output.
- the filtered pulse width modulated output comprises an AC waveform having a frequency substantially corresponding to the frequency of the underlying pulse train.
- the power supply actively monitors the power transmission line to dynamically maintain a constant current there through.
- the constant current level may be adjustable by a user of the power supply system.
- the power transmission line is an unbroken loop.
- pickups are at least two part and can be separated and reconnected around the transmission line. This allows a pickup to be coupled to the power transmission line without interruption to other devices coupled to the power transmission line.
- pickups which include hinges, or which can be clipped together.
- a solid core pickup may be threaded onto the power transmission line during installation, for example by threading the power transmission line through the pickup, allowing a single continuous length of wire to be used. If additional light sources are to be connected the connection to the power supply may be disconnected to allow further pickups to be threaded on, or alternatively, the power transmission line could be cut. Once the pickup is threaded onto the power transmission line at the point of cutting the power transmission line can be re-joined. Because the power transmission line is monitored by the power supply, when the power transmission line is rejoined power is automatically restored and automatically adapts to the new load requirements.
- a mechanical connection such as, but not being limited to:
- the power transmission line comprises a plurality of power transmission line sections which can be joined by way of releasable electrical connections to form a closed circuit.
- a power transmission line which comprises a plurality of power transmission line sections provides the advantage of expandability, whereby if an additional length of power transmission line is required it can simply be connected into the existing power transmission line at one of the releasable electrical connections.
- the releasable electrical connections allow for a pickup to be threaded over one of the releasable electrical connections and onto a section of power transmission line.
- a more efficient and entirely sealed pickup can be coupled to the power transmission line, rather than a two-piece pickup which is configured to clip onto a power transmission line.
- the power transmission line may comprise a plurality of separate transmission lines.
- like devices can be coupled to a specific transmission line or series of transmission lines. This allows for important devices to be coupled to a dedicated transmission line. Devices which are less important can then be coupled to a separate transmission line. This allows less important devices to be added or removed without interfering with important devices coupled to a separate power transmission line.
- a separate communications line forms a part of the power transmission line.
- a pickup for use with a power supply system having a power supply configured to provide a constant AC current and a power transmission line connected to the power supply to form a closed circuit, wherein the pickup is configured in use, to thread onto and inductively couple to the power transmission line and is capable of being positioned at any point along the length of the power transmission line.
- the pickup is configured to surround the power transmission line or part thereof.
- the pickup includes a solid core.
- a solid core pickup is typically more efficient than a pickup which comprises two or more cores. The reason for this is that the core can be formed in a single homogenous structure.
- the pickup includes a solid core formed from amorphous steel ribbon, a non-limiting example of which is Metglas 2605SA1 ribbon.
- the pickup can be positioned at any location along the length of the power transmission line.
- a pickup can be positioned, or moved, along the power transmission line by simply sliding the pickup along the power transmission line to the desired location.
- the solid core pickup may be sealed against the environment.
- Sealing against the environment allows the system to be used for both indoor and outdoor use without the need for any modification.
- the solid core pickup is sealed against the environment to ingress protection IP68 level.
- the pickup may include two or more core sections which can be releasably attached to one another, either by way of a hinge, or by releasable clips, thereby allowing the core sections to be separated and reconnected around the power transmission line.
- a separable core allows for coupling between the power transmission line and the pickup without the need to interrupt the ac current flowing through the power transmission line.
- a circuit including a pickup, the circuit including a switched mode power supply configured to supply a load of varying wattage whilst drawing a constant input current.
- the circuit includes a light source.
- Innumerable light sources are available that are suitable for use with the power supply system, non limiting examples include:
- the circuit includes a communications interface configured to receive signals inductively communicated by way of the pickup. Having a pickup capable of receiving signals inductively enables the circuit to communicate without direct physical connection to the power transmission line.
- the communications interface is capable of transmitting signals by inductively coupling said signals to the power transmission line.
- the circuit can be remotely controlled by way of a signal transmitted on the power transmission line.
- the circuit can be positioned at any location along the length of the power transmission line.
- the power supply circuit includes a communications interface coupled to the at least one power transmission line (or another dedicated communications line), wherein a control signal can be communicated from the communications interface to one or more of the plurality of pickups coupled to the power transmission line.
- the power supply circuit includes an interface configured to receive signals from an external source and wherein the received signals are communicated on the power transmission line as instructions to one or more circuits coupled to the power transmission line.
- the interface configured to receive signals from an external source includes one or more of, but in not limited to:
- a method of controlling a circuit having a communications interface the circuit inductively coupled to a length of power transmission line by way of a pickup, the power transmission line forming a closed circuit connected to, and supplied with constant AC current from, a power supply also having a communications interface
- the method including the steps of: a) operating the communications interface associated with the power supply to transmit a signal on the power transmission line, the signal configured to provide instructions to the circuit; b) receiving the signal by way of the communications interface associated with the circuit, and c) operating the circuit in accordance with the instructions within the transmitted signal.
- a method of performing diagnostics on a power supply system including a power transmission line forming a closed circuit connected to, and supplied with, constant AC current from a power supply having a supply communications interface, the method including the steps of: a) using a pickup to inductively couple a diagnostics circuit including a diagnostic circuit communications interface to the power transmission line; b) using the diagnostics circuit communications interface to send commication signals to another circuit coupled to the power transmission line; c) controlling at least one circuit using the communicated signal wherein the pickup is configured to accept and slidingly engage with the power transmission line such that the pickup surrounds a portion of the power transmission line threaded through it, and to inductively couple to the power transmission line, wherein the pickup can be positioned at any point along the length of the power transmission line or circuit by sliding the pickup along the power transmission line or circuit.
- Preferred embodiments of the present invention may provide a number of advantages over the prior art, including:
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a power supply system in accordance with a first
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of a power supply system in accordance with a further embodiment
- Figure 3 is a waveform showing the output of an inverter
- Figure 4 is a schematic view of the power supply system of Figures 1 and 2 including releasable connections;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the power supply system of Figure 4 including an
- Figure 6 is a schematic view of a power supply system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention which includes a communications interface.
- the power supply system 1 includes power supply 2 which is connected by way of connections B, B' to power transmission line 4.
- Power supply 2 is configured to provide a constant AC current through power transmission line 4.
- Inductively coupled to the power transmission line 4 are pickups 3a, 3b and 3c. It will be appreciated that additional pickups may be inductively coupled to the power transmission line 4, or conversely, any one of pickups 3a, 3b or 3c may be removed from being inductively coupled to the power transmission line 4.
- Power supply 2 is supplied by way of connection to mains power supply 5 by way of
- Power supply 2 includes inputs A, A' configured for connection to a supply of electrical energy.
- the source of electrical energy is shown as being provided by way of connection to an AC mains electricity supply.
- Input electrical energy from connections A, A' is converted by way of switch mode power supply 6 to a regulated DC voltage.
- Switch mode power supply 6 includes bulk storage capacity in the form of output capacitor's which are maintained substantially at the regulated DC voltage.
- the regulated DC voltage maintained by switch mode power supply 6 is controlled by way of microcontroller 7.
- Switch mode power supply 6 provides electrical isolation between inputs A, A' and outputs B, B'.
- Outputs B, B' which are configured to connect to a power transmission line (designated as 4 in Figure 1 ).
- Microprocessor 7 monitors the current being supplied by way of outputs B, B' and adjusts the regulated DC voltage output of switch mode power supply 6 and/or the pulse width modulated duty cycle output of inverter 8 in order to maintain a constant current level in the power transmission line 4. It will be appreciated that as additional pickups are inductively coupled to, or removed from being inductively coupled to, the power transmission line 4 (shown in Figure ), the RMS voltage measured across output connections B, B' will increase or decrease. Microprocessor 7 measures the output current and adjusts the regulated DC voltage output and pulse width modulated duty cycle of inverter 8 to maintain the desired level of power transmission line 4 current.
- the power supply 2 also includes an inverter 8 which converts the regulated DC voltage output of switch mode power supply 6 to a pulse width modulated output in the form of a modified sine wave, which for clarity is illustrated in Figure 3, as designated by arrow 10.
- the modified sine wave 10 is fed into low pass filter 9 which removes high frequency harmonic components and thereby produces a sinusoidal current output, as shown in dashed lines designated by arrow 11 in Figure 3.
- the switching frequency of inverter 8 is preferably between 30 kHz and 100 kHz, this frequency range is at, or above, the upper limit of human hearing but is low enough to mitigate undesirable radiated emissions.
- the modified sine wave produced by inverter 8 has an underlying frequency of approximately 600 Hz. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that any number of frequencies could be used, however as the underlying frequency increases the physical dimensions of the pickups used to couple to the power transmission line 4 become smaller, radiated emissions increase and skin effects become more prevalent.
- FIG. 4 there is shown the power supply system of Figure 1 including releasable connections 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d and 12e which separate power transmission line 4 into sections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e and 4f. Disconnecting any one of connections 12a, 2b, 12c, 12d or 12e allows a pickup to be threaded over that connection and onto a section 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e or 4f of power transmission line 4. In this manner an unbroken section of transmission line may be used in a hazardous region by connecting the section of transmission line to the main transmission line outside of the hazardous area.
- FIG. 5 there is shown the power supply system of Figure 4 in which releasable connection 12e has been disconnected and a further four sections of transmission line 4g, 4h, 4i and 4j have been attached to the power transmission line 4. Further pickup 3d has been threaded onto section 4h and pickup 3e has been threaded onto section 4i.
- pickups 3a, 3b, 3c With reference to any of Figures 1 , 2, 4 and 6 there are shown pickups 3a, 3b, 3c.
- Figure 5 includes pickups 3a, 3b and 3c as well as additional pickups 3d and 3e.
- Pickups 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e are configured to inductively couple to the power transmission line. This allows the pickups to be moved relative to, and placed at any point along the length of, the power transmission line 4. In order to achieve efficient inductive coupling the pickups are configured to surround the power transmission line 4, as is known in the art.
- Pickups will typically include a solid core formed from amorphous steel ribbon such as, for example, Metglas 2605SA1 ribbon.
- a two part core may be used in the pickup.
- a two part core allows for a pickup to be separated, fitted over the power transmission line 4 and rejoined, all without the need for disconnecting the power transmission line 4.
- a separable core is less efficient than a solid core, but is more convenient to couple to the power transmission line 4.
- Each pickup 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e includes a circuit 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e attached thereto. Circuits 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e are supplied with electrical energy by way of an associated pickup. Each circuit 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d or 20e can draw a varying power at a constant power transmission line 4 current.
- Communications system 14 is configured to transmit and receive signals on power transmission line 4.
- Pickups 3a, 3b, 3c are inductively coupled to power transmission line 4 and therefore are capable of inductively receiving signals transmitted on power transmission line 4.
- One or more of circuits 20a, 20b or 20c includes a communications interface (not shown) which is configured to detect and decode signals received by an associated pickup 3a, 3b or 3c.
- the communications interface on said one or more of circuits 20a, 20b or 20c is capable of communicating signals onto power transmission line 4 by way an associated pickup. In this manner two way communications is possible between circuits 20a, 20b and 20c coupled to the power transmission line 4 and the
- Communications system 14 It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that two way communications may be used for, but should not be limited to, control of one or more circuits from a separate circuit, or diagnostic testing of a remotely positioned circuit from another circuit communicatively coupled to the power transmission line. Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/443,033 US10290419B2 (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2013-11-14 | Power supply systems |
CA2930777A CA2930777C (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2013-11-14 | Improvements in and relating to power supply systems |
AU2013345484A AU2013345484B2 (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2013-11-14 | Improvements in and relating to power supply systems |
EP13855907.5A EP2929616B1 (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2013-11-14 | Improvements in and relating to power supply systems |
CN201380059933.1A CN104798288B (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2013-11-14 | Power supply system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ60364612 | 2012-11-15 | ||
NZ603646 | 2012-11-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2014077703A1 true WO2014077703A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/NZ2013/000205 WO2014077703A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2013-11-14 | Improvements in and relating to power supply systems |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US10290419B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2929616B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104798288B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2013345484B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2930777C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014077703A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017101891A1 (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2018-04-12 | Weidmüller Interface GmbH & Co. KG | Apparatus for contactless inductive energy transmission and method of operation for such a device |
FR3109042A1 (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-08 | Schneider Electric Industries Sas | Wireless communication system |
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US5293308A (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1994-03-08 | Auckland Uniservices Limited | Inductive power distribution system |
US20030201862A1 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-10-30 | Pri Automation, Inc | Inductive power transmission and distribution apparatus using a coaxial transformer |
WO2012033417A1 (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-03-15 | 3I Innovation Limited | Authentication and control for inductive power transfer systems |
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2013
- 2013-11-14 EP EP13855907.5A patent/EP2929616B1/en active Active
- 2013-11-14 CA CA2930777A patent/CA2930777C/en active Active
- 2013-11-14 CN CN201380059933.1A patent/CN104798288B/en active Active
- 2013-11-14 US US14/443,033 patent/US10290419B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-14 AU AU2013345484A patent/AU2013345484B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-14 WO PCT/NZ2013/000205 patent/WO2014077703A1/en active Application Filing
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US20030201862A1 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-10-30 | Pri Automation, Inc | Inductive power transmission and distribution apparatus using a coaxial transformer |
WO2012033417A1 (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2012-03-15 | 3I Innovation Limited | Authentication and control for inductive power transfer systems |
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Title |
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BARNARD, J. M. ET AL.: "Sliding Transformers for Linear Comactless Power Delivery", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 44, no. 6, December 1997 (1997-12-01), pages 774 - 779, XP055290795 * |
See also references of EP2929616A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US10290419B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 |
AU2013345484B2 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
CN104798288A (en) | 2015-07-22 |
CA2930777A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
US20150332846A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
EP2929616B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
CN104798288B (en) | 2018-10-16 |
AU2013345484A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
CA2930777C (en) | 2021-07-27 |
EP2929616A1 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
EP2929616A4 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
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