WO2014068331A1 - Catalyst and process for synthesising the same - Google Patents
Catalyst and process for synthesising the same Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014068331A1 WO2014068331A1 PCT/GB2013/052869 GB2013052869W WO2014068331A1 WO 2014068331 A1 WO2014068331 A1 WO 2014068331A1 GB 2013052869 W GB2013052869 W GB 2013052869W WO 2014068331 A1 WO2014068331 A1 WO 2014068331A1
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- Prior art keywords
- mmol
- process according
- give
- phenyl
- reaction
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 50
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract description 69
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 239
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 97
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009876 asymmetric hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 hydroxy, amino Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005228 aryl sulfonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001356 alkyl thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CPRRHERYRRXBRZ-SRVKXCTJSA-N methyl n-[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-hydroxy-3-[(3s)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamate Chemical compound COC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C[C@@H]1CCNC1=O CPRRHERYRRXBRZ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 claims description 2
- YPPQDPIIWDQYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].[Rh] Chemical compound [Ru].[Rh] YPPQDPIIWDQYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006027 Birch reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 132
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 127
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 114
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 100
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 93
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 90
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 87
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 83
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 78
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 67
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 57
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 53
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 46
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 29
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 29
- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 22
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 21
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 16
- DHCWLIOIJZJFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlororuthenium Chemical compound Cl[Ru]Cl DHCWLIOIJZJFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000011445 neoadjuvant hormone therapy Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 13
- FKHIFSZMMVMEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N talc Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O FKHIFSZMMVMEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000005356 chiral GC Methods 0.000 description 12
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OZIJANATXVEIAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlororuthenium;ethyl benzoate Chemical class Cl[Ru]Cl.CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OZIJANATXVEIAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910019891 RuCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 0 CCCC1C(*C2**CC2)C1 Chemical compound CCCC1C(*C2**CC2)C1 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009901 transfer hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- CGHIBGNXEGJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyne Chemical compound CCCCC#C CGHIBGNXEGJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 125000000852 azido group Chemical group *N=[N+]=[N-] 0.000 description 5
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-IDEBNGHGSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical group Cl[13C]1=[13CH][13CH]=[13CH][13CH]=[13CH]1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-IDEBNGHGSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920002454 poly(glycidyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000006308 propyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910007161 Si(CH3)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- UOPFIWYXBIHPIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 UOPFIWYXBIHPIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PONXTPCRRASWKW-ZIAGYGMSSA-N (1r,2r)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)[C@H](N)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=CC=C1 PONXTPCRRASWKW-ZIAGYGMSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LCRCBXLHWTVPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylbenzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LCRCBXLHWTVPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIIDHUCLROLCBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CCCO)C=C1 NIIDHUCLROLCBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910020889 NaBH3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- AOSZTAHDEDLTLQ-AZKQZHLXSA-N (1S,2S,4R,8S,9S,11S,12R,13S,19S)-6-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]-12,19-difluoro-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9,13-dimethyl-6-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4[C@@H](F)C3)C)(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]2([C@@]1(C1)C(=O)CO)C)N1CC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 AOSZTAHDEDLTLQ-AZKQZHLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLGNXYJARSMNGJ-VKTIVEEGSA-N (1s,2s,3r,4r)-3-[[5-chloro-2-[(1-ethyl-6-methoxy-2-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3h-1-benzazepin-7-yl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CCN1C(=O)CCCC2=C(OC)C(NC=3N=C(C(=CN=3)Cl)N[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@]4([H])C[C@@]3(C=C4)[H])C(N)=O)=CC=C21 GLGNXYJARSMNGJ-VKTIVEEGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N (3S,8S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-isoquinolin-7-yl-N,N,10,13-tetramethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-amine Chemical compound CN(C)[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)C3CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H](CC[C@@H]4c4ccc5ccncc5c4)[C@@H]3CC=C2C1 IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-ynyl-1H-purine-6,8-dione Chemical compound NC=1NC(C=2N(C(N(C=2N=1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)F)CO)=O)CC#C)=O TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N dichloromethane-d2 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])(Cl)Cl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IUUULXXWNYKJSL-SSDOTTSWSA-N (1r)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C([C@@H](C)O)C=C1 IUUULXXWNYKJSL-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMSUNAQVHOHLMX-ZETCQYMHSA-N (1s)-1-cyclohexylethanol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C1CCCCC1 JMSUNAQVHOHLMX-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEVQXKKKAVVSMW-CPCISQLKSA-N (6s,7as)-6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5h-1-benzofuran-2-one Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)CC(C)(C)C2=CC(=O)O[C@]21C XEVQXKKKAVVSMW-CPCISQLKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLMGZUCROJQLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5-methylsulfinylbenzene Chemical compound CS(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 XLMGZUCROJQLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JCBRFCTWSJTNCK-FGZHOGPDSA-N COc1ccc(CCCN[C@@H]([C@H](NCCCc(cc2)ccc2OC)P)P)cc1 Chemical compound COc1ccc(CCCN[C@@H]([C@H](NCCCc(cc2)ccc2OC)P)P)cc1 JCBRFCTWSJTNCK-FGZHOGPDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIADTBWORUXDKD-OCQXTOTRSA-N Cc1ccc(cc1)S(=O)(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](NCCCc1ccc(OCCCCc2cnnn2Cc2ccccc2)cc1)c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(cc1)S(=O)(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](NCCCc1ccc(OCCCCc2cnnn2Cc2ccccc2)cc1)c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 CIADTBWORUXDKD-OCQXTOTRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100120289 Drosophila melanogaster Flo1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006859 Swern oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QCGXHRAJFOAGIT-UHFFFAOYSA-L anisole;dichlororuthenium Chemical class Cl[Ru]Cl.COC1=CC=CC=C1 QCGXHRAJFOAGIT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- UDLLFLQFQMACJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azidomethylbenzene Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=NCC1=CC=CC=C1 UDLLFLQFQMACJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940045348 brown mixture Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001891 dimethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- YUWFEBAXEOLKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C YUWFEBAXEOLKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBOIHMRHGLHBPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethyl Chemical compound O[CH2] CBOIHMRHGLHBPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- QSRRZKPKHJHIRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-[(2,5-dichloro-4-methylthiophen-3-yl)sulfonylamino]-2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)OC)=CC=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=C(Cl)SC(Cl)=C1C QSRRZKPKHJHIRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003541 multi-stage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JATMCAQQSXISOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-aminoethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NCCN)C=C1 JATMCAQQSXISOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSXYPJMKMCBYDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenyl]acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(CCCO)C=C1 CSXYPJMKMCBYDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYNUOAIJIQGACY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCCN PYNUOAIJIQGACY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006578 reductive coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical class [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011916 stereoselective reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007070 tosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylacetylene Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)C#C CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
- B01J31/2295—Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/165—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes
- B01J31/1658—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups, e.g. on Wang or Merrifield resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/143—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones
- C07C29/145—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
- B01J2231/641—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes
- B01J2231/643—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes of R2C=O or R2C=NR (R= C, H)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/821—Ruthenium
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for synthesising catalysts for asymmetric catalysis using a ligand swapping reaction and novel compounds made according to said process and also their use in hydrogenation reactions.
- Asymmetric catalysis is an important area of chemistry, invaluable in the production of enantiomerically enriched products.
- the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and specialised chemical compounds are two particular industries where stereo- selective synthesis is often essential.
- Wills catalysts, or so called 'tethered' catalysts comprise a ligand having an ⁇ -6 arene group co-ordinated to a metal centre, wherein the arene group is also covalently linked to a second portion which coordinates to the remaining available positions around the metal centre.
- An alternative synthesis requires i) Birch reduction of an alcohol, ii) conversion of the alcohol to the tosylate, triflate, mesylate or related reagent, iii) coupling with the diamine component, iv) complexation of the product with ruthenium trichloride and v) conversion of the initially formed dimer to a monomer.
- the invention is intended to overcome or ameliorate at least some of the problems outlined above.
- alkyl' is intended to encompass substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, linear and cyclic saturated carbon chains as well as branched saturated carbon chains.
- the alkyl groups used in the invention are between Q to C 10 , more typically between Q to Cs and even more typically Ci to C 5 .
- the term 'aryl' is intended to refer to an aromatic ring structure.
- This may include one or more fused rings and the ring or rings may each independently be 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 9-membered rings. Further, said ring structures may also comprise one or more heteroatoms. Typically, one or two heteroatoms are included in the ring and the heteroatoms are typically selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. Most typically, the heteroatom is nitrogen or oxygen. Typically, the aryl groups will be a single aromatic ring and even more typically, the ring may be a 5-, or 6- membered ring.
- Groups RZ -R 5 and R 101 -R 106 may form substituents in combination with one another.
- One or more of R 1 and R 2 , R 2 and R 3 , R 3 and R 4 , R 4 and R 5 , R 6 and R 7 , R 6 and R 8 , R 6 and R 9 , R 8 and R 7 , R 8 and R 9 , R 7 and R 9 , R 101 and R 102 , R 102 and R 103 , R 103 and R 104 , R 104 and R 105 , R 105 and R 106 , R 101 and R 106 may be linked to form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl or aryl group.
- neighbouring groups may together define an aromatic ring thereby creating a ligand comprising a fused ring structure.
- XX - ZZ is any group capable of forming a stable complex, or in other words, that is capable of co-ordinating to the metal centre without destabilising the ⁇ -6 arene complex
- XX-ZZ are typically monodentate ligands. It is typically the case that XX-ZZ is a halide and even more typically chloride.
- XX-ZZ may also often be OH, NH 3 or C ⁇ 0 or a trifluoromethylsulfonyl group, an alkylsulfonate, trifluoromethylsulfonate or aryl- sulfonate group, any carboxylate group including an acetoxy group or a hydrogen atom.
- XX-ZZ could also be a neutral molecule such as triphenylphosphine or a solvent molecule for example acetonitrile, dichloromethane, dimethylsufoxide, , methanol, ethanol or another commonly used solvent.
- 'halide' is intended to cover fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide.
- 'amino' is intended to encompass primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups.
- the reaction is performed in an organic solvent.
- the solvent may comprise a halogenated solvent such as a halogenated organic solvent, and it is often the case that the solvent will comprise chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, xylene or a combination thereof.
- the solvent will comprise at least 90% chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, xylene or a combination thereof by mass of the total solvent.
- the solvent is chlorobenzene, dichloromethane or a combination thereof and even more typically the solvent is chlorobenzene.
- this solvent system is particularly effective as a solvent for the reaction.
- the typical duration of the reaction necessary to produce the product depends on the choice of solvent used. However, the duration is usually within the range of 2 to 50 hours. In particular, where the solvent is dichloromethane it is typically the case that the reaction time will be in the range of 40 to 50 hours and where the solvent is chlorobenzene it is typically the case that the reaction time is between 2 to 5 hours. It will be appreciated by the skilled person that the duration of the reaction will vary depending on the exact ratio of solvents, where a combination of solvents are used, and the temperature at which the reaction is carried.
- the temperature at which the reaction is performed is typically in the range of 25°C to 140°C, even more typically is 50°C to 140°Cand may also be in the range of 75°C to 120°C. It is often the case that the reaction will be conducted in the range of 75°C to 90°C. The inventors have unexpectedly found that the reaction of the present invention proceeds most efficiently when performed within these temperature windows and minimises the quantity of impurities generated.
- the reaction may be carried out with a mild inorganic base.
- a mild inorganic base such as calcium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate may be added to the reaction.
- strong bases such as triethylamine or sodium hydroxide are typically not used as these tend to provide lower yields of the catalyst.
- the metal centre of the complex in the catalysts of the invention is typically ruthenium. Whilst other metals can be used with the invention, ruthenium has been found to produce the most effectively catalysts.
- the complexes may contain multiple chiral centres, or a single chiral centre, and may be prepared in either enantiomerically-enriched or racemic form.
- X, Y and Z are each
- R 11 and R 12 may form substituents in combination with one another.
- neighbouring groups may together define an aromatic ring thereby creating a tethering portion wherein carbons in the chain form the edge of an aromatic ring.
- the inventors have found that ligands having a tether portion (X-Y-Z) with a length of two, three and four atoms, demonstrate optimum catalytic activity.
- the combined electron withdrawing effect generated by R 101 -R 106 may be greater than that generated by R ⁇ R 5 .
- at least one of R ! -R 5 is an alkoxy group, and typically at least one of R ! -R 5 is a methoxy group. Even more typically one, two or three of R ⁇ R 5 are a methoxy group.
- the reaction of the present invention has been found to proceed more efficiently where the electron density around the ring of the compound according to general formulae (Ila) and (lib) is less than that on the ring of the compound according to general formulae (III). Without wishing to be bound by theory, it seems that a reduction in the electron density of the ring shown in general formulae (Ila) and (lib) relative to the ring shown in general formulae (III) promotes the 'ring swapping' reaction.
- R 101_ R 106 is an electron withdrawing group and at least one of R 101 -R 106 may be an ester group.
- at least one of R 101 -R 106 is C0 2 Et. Ester groups can be incorporated on the phenyl ring easily and provide a good electron withdrawing effect, decreasing electron density of the ring.
- the C 4 alkyl is a tertiary butyl group.
- the catalysts In order for the catalysts to provide optimal stereo- selective reduction, it is useful to functionalise the pendant, diamine portion of the ligand with bulky groups on either side of the nitrogen groups. This directs the incoming the substrate and reagents towards a particular orientation, favouring a specific enantiomer.
- the groups XX - ZZ are typically monodentate ligands and are often halides and even more typically are chloride.
- XX-ZZ may also often be -OH, NH 3 or C ⁇ 0 or a trifluoromethylsulfonyl group, an alkylsulfonate, trifluoromethylsulfonate or aryl- sulfonate group, any carboxylate group including an acetoxy group or a hydrogen atom.
- chloride is readily available and reasonable small and therefore does not interfere with the reactive portions of the catalyst and forms a stable complex with the metal centre.
- A is typically selected from S0 2 Ar, S0 2 R (wherein Ar is aryl and R is alkyl as defined above) and even more typically A is S0 2 pTol.
- the group B may be a monodentate ligand and may be a halide and is typically is chloride.
- the group B is usually one of XX - ZZ which has not been displaced by coordination of the ligand.
- B is also typically chloride as this is readily available and reasonable small and therefore does not interfere with the reactive portions of the catalyst and forms a stable complex with the metal centre.
- the reaction is performed with exposure to a microwave source.
- the microwaves to which the reaction is exposed are in the range of 20W to 200W and more typically are in the range of 40W to 100W.
- the duration of time for which the reaction is irradiated is usually in the range of 10 seconds to 30 minutes and more often will be in the range of 1 minute to 10 minutes.
- the power of the microwave radiation can be increased or decreased, either gradually or incrementally, as required throughout the reaction. The power need not be constant throughout a single period of irradiation.
- the reaction may be carried out alternating the conditions between exposure and non- exposure to microwaves. As such, a single reaction may experience several periods of microwave radiation and relaxation.
- R -R form, an electron rich or electron donating group and are selected from: H, alkylaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyloxy, hydroxy, amino, acyl amino, thiol, alkylthiol; and wherein, R 26 -R 29 are defined as for R 101 -R 106 ;
- B is selected from: H, halide, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonate, trifluoromethylsulfonate, aryl-sulfonate, acetoxy group; and
- A, B, M, XX-ZZ, X, Y , Z are defined as above.
- X, Y and Z each independently comprise one or more of the groups selected from: CH 2 , CHR 31 and CR 31 R 32 . Even more typically, X, Y and Z are each CH 2 .
- the inventors have found that a 'tethering portion' having a length the structure (CH 2 ) 3 provides optimal catalytic activity.
- Groups R 21 -R 25 and R 26 -R 29 may form substituents in combination with one another.
- One or more of R 21 and R 22 , R 22 and R 23 , R 23 and R 24 , R 24 and R 25 , R 26 and R 27 , R 26 and R 28 , R 26 and R 29 , R 28 and R 27 , R 28 and R 29 , R 27 and R 29 may be linked to form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl or aryl group.
- neighbouring groups may together define an aromatic ring thereby creating a ligand comprising a fused ring structure.
- R -R is an alkoxy group and typically, at least one of R 21 -R 25 is a methoxy group and even more typically one, two or three of R 21 -R 25 is a methoxy group.
- the oxygen atom in the alkoxy or methoxy substituent is capable of donating electrons into the ring and the methoxy group is typically used as it is small and therefore provides minimal hindrance to other substituents around the ring.
- XX - ZZ may be halides and are typically chloride.
- B is also typically a halide and may be chloride.
- R 23 and R 25 are not hydrogen. Substitution onto the arene ring at the R 22 and R 24 positions is synthetically more difficult due to directing effects during preparation of the ligand.
- R 21 -R 25 and XYZ are not in the following combinations:
- the invention is typically selected from:
- a method of carrying out a hydrogenation reaction comprising the use of a compound according to second aspect of the invention to catalyse the hydrogenation of a substrate.
- the hydrogenation is an asymmetric hydrogenation.
- Table la - shows results for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones using (R,R) '4- methoxy' SRC 834(1) and (R,R) '3,5-dimethoxy' SRC 835(1) catalysts in FA:TEA (2M solution of ketone) at 60°C using S/C ratio 1000/1.
- Table lb - shows the results of asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone and acetylcyclohexane using five novel catalysts (2M) in FA:TEA at 28°C using complexes at S/C ratio 100/1.
- Tables 2a to 2e - shows reductions using hydrogen gas and methanol for different substrates.
- Table 3a - shows comparative results for hydrogenation for tethered (R,R) catalysts for a range of substrates.
- Table 3b - shows comparative results for hydrogenation for p-OMe and di-OMe 3C tethered (R,R) catalysts.
- Table 4 - shows asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones (2M) in FA:TEA at 28 °C using a range of tethered complexes at a substrate/catalyst (S/C) ratio 100/1.
- Table 5 - shows ATH of acetophenone using (R,R) 4-methoxy, (R,R) 3,5-dimethoxy, (R,R)/(S,S) 3C-teth and catalysts TEG 4-OMe in HCOONa/H 2 0/ MeOH at 60 °C/40 °C using S/C ratio 100/1, 500/1.
- Table 6 - shows ATH of ketones using (R,R) 4-methoxy (R,R) 3,5-dimethoxy (R,R)/(S,S) 3C- teth and catalysts TEG 4-OMe in HCOONa/H 2 0/ MeOH at 60 °C using S/C ratio 100/1.
- Catalysts are as defined in Table 2.
- Noyori' s catalyst is [Ru(p-cymene)(TsDPEN)Cl].
- Table 7 - shows ATH of amino acetophenone using (R,R) 4-methoxy, (R,R) 3,5-dimethoxy, (R,R)/(S,S) 3C-teth catalysts.
- Catalysts are as defined in Table 2.
- Noyori's catalyst is [Ru(p- cymene)(TsDPEN)Cl].
- Table 8 - shows ATH and APH of acetophenone using polymer supported tethered catalysts.
- Table 9 - shows ATH of acetophenone using polymer supported ruthenium complexes.
- Table 3b - shows comparative results for hydrogenation for p-OMe and di-OMe 3C tethered (R,R) catalysts.
- Figure 1 - shows an ESI-MS which illustrates the conversion of ligand to tethered complex, without formation of the unwanted bidentate complex described on page 35.
- Figure 2 - shows an ESI-MS of an example of 4-methoxy compound after 51.5h - heating in DCM, 90°C described on page 35.
- Figure 3 - shows an ESI-MS of an example of 2,4-Dimethoxy ESI-MS after 48h heating in DCM, 90°C described on page 36.
- Figure 11 - shows the a ESI-MS of the compound of page 64 formed by MS under 130°C in MW for 10 min.
- Figure 12 - shows the a ESI-MS of the compound of page 64 formed by MS under 130°C in MW for 10 min.
- Figure 13 - shows the a ESI-MS of the compound of page 65 formed by MS under 130°C in MW for 10 min.
- Figure 14 - shows an ESI-MS of the compound complied with aromatised starting described as SRC 936, 26 th July 2012 on page 69.
- Figure 15 - shows an ESI-MS of the compound complied with aromatised starting described as SRC 1209, 11 th June 2013 on page 69.
- Figure 16 - shows an ESI-MS of the compound complied with aromatised starting described as SRC 1219a, 19 th June 2013 on page 69.
- Figure 17 - shows an ESI-MS of the compound complied with aromatised starting described as SRC 1219b, 19 th June 2013 on page 70.
- Figure 18 - shows an ESI-MS of the compound complied with aromatised starting described as 1268, 29 th August 2013 on page 70.
- Figure 19 - shows an ESI-MS of the compound complied with aromatised starting described as 1271, 2 nd September 2013 on page 70.
- Figure 20 - shows an ESI-MS of the compound complied with aromatised starting described as 1305(3), 3rd October 2013 on page 70.
- Figure 21 - shows an ESI-MS of the compound complied with aromatised starting described as 1321(2), 29 th October 2013 on page 70.
- the solid was purified by column chromatography over Florisil using DCMrMeOH (97:3 to 90: 10) to give brown solid.
- the solid was recrystallized from MeOH to give 16 as a golden orange solid (0.108 g, 0.166 mmol, 42.7%).
- the solid was purified by column chromatography over Florisil using DCMrMeOH (97:3 to 88: 12) to give brown solid.
- the solid was recrystallized from MeOH to give 20 as a golden orange solid (0.075 g, 0.110 mmol, 48%).
- ATH asymmetric transfer hydrogenation
- reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted with DCM and washed with sat. NaHC0 3 solution.
- organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 , filtered and concentrated to give amine.
- the p-OMe catalyst 16 is capable of generating high enantiomeric inductions in reductions of a range of prochiral ketones, often giving improved results in terms of conversion and/or enantioselectivity compared to published catalysts.
- ESI-MS illustrates the conversion of ligand to tethered complex, without formation of the unwanted bidentate complex.
- An example of an ESI-MS after 46h - heating in DCM, 90 °C is shown in Figure 1.
- reaction can be followed by mass spectrometry.
- reaction can be followed by mass spectrometry.
- the solid was scratched in diethyl ether, filtered and dried to give dark brown solid.
- the solid was purified by column chromatography over Florisil using DCMrMeOH (97:3 to 86: 14) to give the crude compound as a brown solid.
- the solid was recrystallized from MeOH to give pure complex as orange solid (0.094 g, 0.128 mmol, 20%).
- This compound was prepared according to the general method using (lR,2R)-N,N-Bis(3-(4- methoxyphenyl)propyl)- l,2-diphenylethane- l,2-diamine (200 mg, 0.40 mmol), ethylbenzoate ruthenium(II)chloride dimer (129 mg, 0.20 mmol), DCM (10.3 cm ) and chlorobenzene (26.7 cm ). It was only necessary to stir the reaction in chlorobenzene at 90°C for 1 hour before complete consumption of the ligand was observed by TLC.
- the solid was scratched in diethyl ether, filtered and dried to give a dark brown solid.
- the solid was purified by column chromatography over Florisil using DCMrMeOH (95:5 to 86: 14) to give compound as a brown solid.
- the solid was recrystallized using a mixture of MeOH and Et 2 0 to give pure complex as brown solid (0.105 g, 0.203 mmol, 14%).
- ATH in water Catalyst (0.01 mmol) was placed in a Schlenk tube under an inert atmosphere followed by HCOONa (0.340g, 5.0 mmol) and H 2 0 (1 mL). The mixture was degassed three times and to this solution ketone (lmmol) was added followed by degassing 2 times. The mixture was stirred at 60 °C. The reaction was monitored by chiral GC. For chiral GC analysis, the sample from the reaction mixture was diluted with Et 2 0 and H 2 0. The organic layer was separated, filtered through a short column of silica using hexane: EtOAc (1 : 1). The filtrate was analysed by chiral GC.
- reaction mixture was diluted with H 2 0 and extracted with Et 2 0 (2x5 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over anhy. Na 2 S0 4 , filtered and concentrated to give crude compound. The crude compound was purified by flash column chromatography to give pure product.
- the filtrate was analysed by chiral GC. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with hexane/ pet.ether/n-pentane (2 mL). The organic layers were separated and this process was repeated again two times with hexane/ pet.ether/n-pentane (2 mL). During this process, the catalyst separated out as brown solid. The mixture was degassed two times followed by addition of HCOOH (1 mmol). To this mixture ketone (lmmol) was added and stirred at 60 °C and the second cycle of the reaction was followed by chiral GC analysis.
- This compound was prepared according to general procedure 5 using 3 ethyl-3-(4-(hex-5- ynyloxy)phenyl)propan-l-ol (400 mg, 1.72 mmol), 2,6-lutidine (353 mg, 3.30 mmol), trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (787 mg, 2.80 mmol), (R,R)-TsDPEN (403 mg, 1.10 mmol), Et 3 N (263 mg, 2.60 mmol) and DCM (8 cm ). The product was purified by column chromatography as in the general procedure.
- This compound was prepared as for general procedure 7 using N-((IR, 2R)-2-(3-(4-(hex-5- ynyloxy)phenyl)propylamino)- l,2-diphenylethyl)-4-methylbenzene sulfonamide (116 mg, 0.2 mmol), ethylbenzoate ruthenium(II)chloride dimer (64 mg, 0.1 mmol), DCM (5 cm ) and chlorobenzene (13.4 cm ). After 5 hours at 90°C mass spectrometry analysis showed the desired monomer 2: 1 two isomers (m/z 681.2 [M + + H - CI]). Due to the small scale of the reaction, the product was not purified. The reaction was carried out as proof of concept for aryl substitution with this ligand structure prior to preparing the polymer supported derivatives.
- This compound was prepared using 3:7 ligandrhexyne functionalised polymer described above (180 mg, 0.13 mmol ligand), ethylbenzoate ruthenium(II)chloride dimer (42 mg, 0.065
- This compound was prepared as for 256 using 1:9 ligandrdiethylamine functionalised polymer described above (250 mg, 0.09 mmol clicked ligand), ethylbenzoate ruthenium(II)chloride dimer 197 (29 mg, 0.045 mmol), anhydrous DCM (0.8 cm ) and chlorobenzene (2 cm ) to give the product (141 mg, 0.05 mmol Ru/0.45 mmol diethylamine, 56%).
- ESI-MS complied for required complex formation with [M-C1] + peak at 615.0 with formation of undesired bidentate complex with [M-C1] + peak at 764.1. Both desired and undesired complexes were visible by TLC on silica gel.
- a flask and condenser set up was cooled to -78 °C with a dry ice/ acetone mixture.
- the system was purged with nitrogen and 3-(4-methoxyphenyl- l-propanol) (1.5 g, 9.02 mmol) and anhydrous ethanol (4.5 mL) was added to the addition funnel.
- Ammonia gas was added at 0.2 bar, which condensed in the flask to give liquid ammonia (40 mL).
- the ethanolic solution of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl-l-propanol) was added dropwise with stirring with additional ethanol (0.5 mL portions) added to maintain precipitate dissipation (5 mL in total).
- F10-2 Ligand (below) (48 mg, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (5 ml) and HCl/Et 2 0 (0.5 ml, 1M solution) was added dropwise. Excess HCl was removed under reduced pressure and the ligand salt was dissolved in EtOH (5 ml) and refluxed under N 2 atmosphere for 24 h and the results were tested by 1H NMR.
- This compound formed dimer with RuCl 3 XH 2 0 in EtOH refluxing for 24h.
- Hexamethylbenzene cannot be reduced by the Birch reduction, which indicates that highly electron-rich aromatic rings may be unsuitable starting materials for the synthesis of tethered complexes (lit - M. A. Bennett, T.-N. Huang T. W. Matheson and A K. Smith, Inorganic Syntheses 1982, XXI, 74-78.
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Abstract
Description
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EP13786735.4A EP2914609A1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-11-01 | Catalyst and process for synthesising the same |
RU2015118752A RU2015118752A (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-11-01 | CATALYST AND METHOD OF ITS SYNTHESIS |
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WO2016042298A1 (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-03-24 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Complexes and methods for their preparation |
WO2016056669A1 (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-14 | 高砂香料工業株式会社 | Solid-supported ruthenium-diamine complex, and method for manufacturing optically active compound |
CN106663804A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2017-05-10 | 三洋电机株式会社 | Positive-electrode active material for nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery |
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WO2012026201A1 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-01 | Takasago International Corporation | Ruthenium-diamine complexes and method for producing optically active compounds |
WO2012147944A1 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-01 | 高砂香料工業株式会社 | Method for producing diamine compound |
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US20150290634A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
JP2016506364A (en) | 2016-03-03 |
GB201219716D0 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
US9321045B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
CN104837854A (en) | 2015-08-12 |
RU2015118752A (en) | 2016-12-27 |
EP2914609A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
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