WO2014045903A1 - 遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液 - Google Patents
遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014045903A1 WO2014045903A1 PCT/JP2013/074086 JP2013074086W WO2014045903A1 WO 2014045903 A1 WO2014045903 A1 WO 2014045903A1 JP 2013074086 W JP2013074086 W JP 2013074086W WO 2014045903 A1 WO2014045903 A1 WO 2014045903A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- titanium oxide
- transition metal
- metal compound
- supported
- supported titanium
- Prior art date
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 383
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 310
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 116
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 114
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- -1 titanium oxide Transition metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 40
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 148
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 88
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 84
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 70
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 64
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
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- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
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- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
- C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
- C01G23/0536—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts by hydrolysing chloride-containing salts
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- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0036—Grinding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/344—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy
- B01J37/345—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy of ultraviolet wave energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a suspension containing a transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension has excellent responsiveness to visible light and can exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity.
- Transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide has photocatalytic activity, and exhibits strong oxidizing power when irradiated with light such as visible light, which can decompose harmful chemicals into water and carbon dioxide.
- light such as visible light
- ionic impurities such as a halogen ion
- an object of the present invention is to provide a transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide crystal containing a transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide crystal, having an extremely low content of ionic impurities, excellent response to visible light, and excellent photocatalytic activity.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide obtained by drying the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide crystal having an average aspect ratio of 1.5 or more (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “rod-like”) has excellent photocatalytic activity.
- the rod-shaped crystal structure is cut even if re-dispersed by pulverization. It has been found that the photocatalytic ability in the visible light region is significantly reduced. 1.
- the average aspect ratio of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide is small and the shape is closer to a sphere, the separation between the oxidation reaction field and the reduction reaction field is reduced, and the progress of the reverse reaction and side reaction is unavoidable.
- the rod-like crystal structure is cut to produce a piece of titanium oxide that does not carry a transition metal compound, and the piece of titanium oxide cannot exhibit visible light responsiveness.
- the present invention is a suspension of transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide having an average aspect ratio (major axis / minor axis) of 1.5 or more, in which a transition metal compound is supported on crystalline titanium oxide,
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide is contained in an amount of 4% by weight or more
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension is characterized in that the electrical conductivity of the supernatant of the suspension is 300 ⁇ S / cm or less.
- Examples of the crystalline titanium oxide include rutile type titanium oxide having a crystal plane (110) and a crystal plane (111) and / or rutile type oxide having a crystal plane (110), a crystal plane (111) and a crystal plane (001). Titanium is preferred.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide preferably has a specific surface area of 10 m 2 / g or more.
- the pH of the supernatant is preferably 3 or more.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention preferably has a viscosity (at 22.5 ° C.) of 5 to 25 mPa ⁇ s when the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide concentration is adjusted to 10% by weight. .
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide preferably has an average particle size of 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the present invention also provides a transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide obtained by drying the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention contains transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide crystals having an average aspect ratio of 1.5 or more, and has a very low content of ionic impurities. Therefore, it has excellent responsiveness to visible light, can absorb light in normal living spaces such as sunlight, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and LED lighting, and can decompose harmful chemical substances into water and carbon dioxide. That is, the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention can be suitably used as a photocatalyst for LED illumination. It can be used for various purposes such as antibacterial, antifungal, deodorizing, air purification, water purification, and antifouling, and it can be used for indoor wallpaper and furniture, as well as in homes, hospitals, schools and other public facilities. It can be applied to a wide range of applications, such as purification and higher functionality of home appliances.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention is made of a transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide having an average aspect ratio (major axis / minor axis) of 1.5 or more, in which a transition metal compound is supported on crystalline titanium oxide.
- the electrical conductivity of the supernatant of the suspension is 300 ⁇ S / cm or less.
- Examples of the solvent for suspending the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide include hydrophilic solvents such as water, alcohols (eg, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.), ketones (eg, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.), and mixtures thereof. Can be mentioned. In the present invention, it is preferable to use water because it is excellent in safety and easy to handle.
- hydrophilic solvents such as water, alcohols (eg, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.), ketones (eg, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.), and mixtures thereof. Can be mentioned. In the present invention, it is preferable to use water because it is excellent in safety and easy to handle.
- the average aspect ratio (major axis / minor axis) of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide is 1.5 or more, preferably 1.5 to 100, more preferably 1.5 to 50, particularly preferably 1.5 to 20, Most preferably, it is 2-15. If the average aspect ratio is less than the above range, the separation between the oxidation reaction field and the reduction reaction field is lowered, the reverse reaction and the side reaction cannot be avoided, and the photocatalytic ability is lowered.
- the average aspect ratio of the sample prepared by the following method is a field emission scanning electron microscope (trade name “FE-SEM JSM-6700F”, manufactured by JEOL Ltd., acceleration voltage: 15 kV, WD: about 3 mm. (Magnification: 200,000 times), crystal grains are randomly observed, three representative positions are extracted, and the average is not extremely large or small in appearance in the entire extracted SEM photograph.
- Example preparation method 1. 20 g of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension is dried at 105 ° C. for 1 hour under normal pressure to obtain a transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide (powder). 2.
- Examples of the crystalline titanium oxide include rutile type, anatase type, brookite type titanium oxide and the like.
- a rutile type or anatase type titanium oxide (a rutile type titanium oxide is more preferable and particularly preferable in terms of being able to exhibit more excellent photocatalytic ability in that a stable crystal face is exposed.
- the transition metal compound is supported in the state of, for example, a transition metal ion, a transition metal simple substance, a transition metal salt, a transition metal oxide, a transition metal hydroxide, or a transition metal complex.
- the loading amount of the transition metal compound is, for example, 50 ppm or more, preferably 100 ppm or more, more preferably 200 ppm or more, particularly preferably 300 ppm or more, and most preferably 500 ppm or more.
- the upper limit of the loading amount of the transition metal compound is, for example, about 5000 ppm, preferably 3000 ppm, particularly preferably 2000 ppm.
- the amount of the transition metal compound supported exceeds the above range, excited electrons do not act effectively due to reverse electron transfer of injected electrons and the photocatalytic ability tends to decrease.
- the transition metal compound is supported on the surface of the crystalline titanium oxide in a surface-selective manner, so that the separation of the reaction field between the oxidation reaction and the reduction reaction can be further improved, thereby recombination of excited electrons and holes. It is preferable in that the reverse reaction can be suppressed and the photocatalytic activity can be dramatically improved. In particular, it is preferable that the transition metal compound is selectively supported on the oxidation reaction surface.
- the transition metal compound is “face-selectively” supported means that the amount exceeding 50% (preferably 70% or more, particularly preferably 80% or more) of the transition metal compound is the two faces of crystalline titanium oxide.
- the above crystal planes it means that it is supported on a specific plane (for example, one specific plane or two planes) instead of all the planes.
- the upper limit of the surface selectivity is 100%.
- the surface selectivity can be determined by confirming a signal derived from a transition metal compound on each crystal plane using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyzer (EDX).
- Any transition metal compound may be used as long as it has an absorption spectrum in the visible light region and can inject electrons into the conduction band in an excited state.
- elements in Group 3 to Group 11 of the periodic table are used.
- compounds of Group 8 to 11 of the periodic table particularly preferably iron compounds or platinum compounds, and most preferably trivalent iron compounds (Fe 3+ ) are preferred.
- Trivalent iron compounds (Fe 3+ ) are easy to adsorb on titanium oxide, and divalent iron compounds (Fe 2+ ) are difficult to adsorb. This is because it can be supported.
- the specific surface area of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide is, for example, 10 m 2 / g or more.
- the lower limit of the specific surface area is preferably 30 m 2 / g, more preferably 50 m 2 / g, particularly preferably 60 m 2 / g, and most preferably 70 m 2 / g.
- the upper limit of the specific surface area is, for example, 200 m 2 / g, preferably 150 m 2 / g, particularly preferably 100 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide is, for example, 10 to 200 m 2 / g, preferably 10 to 150 m 2 / g, more preferably 30 to 150 m 2 / g, and still more preferably 50 to 100 m 2 / g. It is preferably 60 to 100 m 2 / g, most preferably 70 to 100 m 2 / g. Since the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide having a specific surface area in the above range increases the amount of exposure of the highly active surface, it can exhibit excellent photocatalytic ability.
- the specific surface area was determined by drying 20 g of a transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension under normal pressure at 105 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide (powder), and using the obtained powder in a measurement cell.
- ⁇ Specific surface area measurement conditions Measuring principle: Constant volume method (blank correction type) Detection method: Relative pressure (ratio of adsorption equilibrium pressure (P) and saturated vapor pressure (P 0 ) in the sample cell by the pressure transducer) and adsorption gas amount (pressure detection by pressure transducer and manifold temperature detection by thermistor) Calculate the amount of injected gas)
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention contains highly dispersed transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide.
- the average particle diameter of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide is, for example, preferably about 20 ⁇ m or less (for example, 1 to 20000 nm), more preferably 20 to 20000 nm, particularly preferably 50 to 5000 nm, and most preferably 100 to 1500 nm. Since the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide having an average particle size in the above range increases the amount of exposure of the highly active surface, it can exhibit excellent photocatalytic ability.
- the average particle size is a value obtained using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (trade name “SALD-2000J”, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) for a sample prepared by the following method.
- the average particle size in the present invention is not the average size of the smallest existing particles (primary particle size) but the average value of the sizes of all particles including secondary particles generated by aggregation / association. .
- Sample preparation method> 1 The transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension was treated with a high-speed centrifuge (trade name “HP-301”, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) to collect the supernatant, and diluted the sample. Used for. 2.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension is diluted with the above supernatant to a concentration where the absorbance falls within the range of 0.05 to 0.08, and this is placed in a measurement cell to measure the particle size distribution.
- the relative refractive index is set to rutile titanium oxide 2.750.
- a permeate electrical conductivity of 300 ⁇ m or less obtained when the membrane is filtered by the crossflow method instead of the supernatant liquid described in 1 above may be used.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention when adjusted so as to contain 4% by weight or more of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide, the supernatant has an electrical conductivity of 300 ⁇ S / cm or less (for example, 0.5 to 300 ⁇ S / cm, preferably 0.5 to 250 ⁇ S / cm, particularly preferably 1 to 200 ⁇ S / cm).
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention has an electric conductivity of the supernatant in the above range, the content of ionic impurities is extremely low (the content of ionic impurities is, for example, 0.01 to About 5000 ppm, preferably 1 to 3000 ppm) and has excellent photoresponsiveness.
- the pH of the supernatant of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 3 to 7, particularly preferably 3 to 6, and most preferably 3 to 5.5. It is.
- the pH of the supernatant can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the degree of washing by neutralization with ammonia or the like, or membrane filtration by the crossflow method.
- the supernatant of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension is the supernatant obtained by separating the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension with a high-speed centrifuge (centrifugal effect: 40000 G for 60 minutes). It is a liquid.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention contains a transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide having the above average particle diameter, so that the viscosity is high.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension has a concentration of 10% by weight.
- the viscosity (at 22.5 ° C.) is, for example, 5 to 25 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 5 to 15 mPa ⁇ s, particularly preferably 5 to 10 mPa ⁇ s, and most preferably 6 to 10 mPa ⁇ s. .
- Adjustment of the concentration of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension is diluted or concentrated with a solvent [a method of distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, a method of concentrating the membrane (for example, ultrafiltration using a hollow fiber filtration membrane or a tubular membrane Act) etc.].
- the viscosity of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention is 22 in a 110 mL glass sample bottle using a rotational viscometer (B type viscometer, TOKIMEC BM type, manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd.). 100 mL of the suspension adjusted to 5 ° C. (liquid height: 90 mm) was added. This is a value measured at 1 (60 rpm).
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention contains the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide having the above average particle diameter and has the above viscosity, it has extremely excellent dispersion stability and is adjusted. Even after standing for 1 week (at 25 ° C. and 60% RH), high dispersibility can be maintained without sedimentation.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention has the above characteristics, it can exhibit extremely excellent photoresponsiveness. That is, it has responsiveness to light in a wide wavelength range from the ultraviolet region to the visible light region. Therefore, it can absorb light in normal living space such as sunlight, incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp, LED, etc., can exhibit high catalytic activity and decompose harmful chemical substances into water and carbon dioxide, and antibacterial ( Bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, etc.), mold prevention, deodorization (for example, sulfur, substances such as ammonia, amines, methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, acetic acid, aldehydes, odorous gases such as ethylene Deodorization), air purification, water purification, and antifouling can be exhibited.
- deodorization for example, sulfur, substances such as ammonia, amines, methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, acetic acid, aldehydes, odorous
- transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention is coated or mixed with a binder, a solvent, a dispersant, a thickener, a surfactant and the like, if necessary, to thereby apply an object to be coated. Or the said effect can be provided to a to-be-mixed material.
- Examples of the coated body and mixture of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention include, for example, building materials, building exteriors, building interiors, building paints, walls, wallpaper, floors, window frames, window glass, crystals Glass, glass, screen door, rain gutter, solar heat reflective sheet, mailbox, structural member, pavement material, display board, traffic sign, road sign reflector, display panel, display filter, road surface display material, road decorative board, Fences, gates, lighting equipment for tunnels and roads, sound insulation walls, guard rails, tunnel interiors, road mirrors, inner walls of plastic houses, bridges, bridge fall prevention fences, interiors and exteriors of automobiles, trains and ships, vehicles Wheels, railway vehicle structures, vehicle parts, exteriors and dust covers and coatings for machinery and equipment, various display devices, advertising towers, insulators, solar panels, solar cell covers, solar heat Water collector heat collection cover, fuel cell, optical fiber, vehicle lighting cover, fishing net, rope, hose, bottom member, algae, shoes, bag, blind, curtain, wall cloth, screen, shoji, plastic shoji
- Water treatment fillers for artificial rivers, mirrors, wash bowls, tiles, tile joints, bathtubs, bathroom materials, toilet floor finishes, hospital infection prevention diseases Inner parts, ceramics multifunctional material, glaze, refrigerator inner and outer walls, table, kitchen panel, sink, range, heating cooking container, ventilator, air conditioning, heat exchanger, various filters, toilet bowl, textile, non-woven cloth, mask, clothing , Bedding, hat, helmet, doormat, carpet, medical equipment, food, fork, knife, spoon, tableware, packaging material, food wrap, food storage container, dishwashing device, water purifier, garbage disposal device, melamine makeup Boards, carpets, lighting devices, lighting fixtures, lighting lamps, lighting umbrellas, black lights, antifouling paints, filters, agricultural vinyl films and other films and sheets, super hydrophilic films, grass protection sheets, electronic components, electrical products, Electrical equipment, corona charger, plasma generator, ozone generator, exposure device, humidifier, hand dryer, scalp care device, vacuum cleaner, telephone, mobile phone Band terminal, portable device, touch panel display, organic EL device
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention is obtained, for example, by cross-flow method using a crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension obtained by impregnating a crystalline titanium oxide suspension with a transition metal compound. It can be produced by subjecting it to membrane filtration. After being subjected to cross-flow membrane filtration, treatments such as dilution and concentration may be performed.
- Membrane filtration by the cross flow method means that water to be treated flows parallel to the surface of the filtration membrane, and a part of the water to be treated is moved to the side of the flow of the water to be treated while preventing filtration membrane contamination due to deposition of filter cake. It is a method of filtering.
- ionic impurities can be efficiently removed without forming a compacted filter cake on the filtration membrane surface. While maintaining the crystal structure of the metal compound-supported titanium oxide, the content of ionic impurities can be reduced extremely low.
- the concentration of the crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension subjected to membrane filtration by the crossflow method is, for example, about 0.1 to 40% by weight (preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight).
- concentration of the crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension is out of the above range, the removal efficiency of ionic impurities tends to decrease.
- support titanium oxide suspension exceeds the said range, a viscosity will become high too much and it will become easy to foul (clog).
- the concentration rate is preferably adjusted to about 1 to 400 times (in particular, 1 to 20 times, particularly 1 to 10 times).
- concentration ratio exceeds the above range, it is difficult to suppress the deposition of substances adhering to the film surface, and it tends to be difficult to prevent consolidation of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide.
- fouling occurs in the filtration membrane due to the deposition of adhering substances on the membrane surface, so that the membrane life is likely to be shortened. In some cases, the filtration rate tends to decrease.
- the concentration factor is below the above range, the separation efficiency of ionic impurities tends to decrease and the amount of washing water used tends to increase.
- the concentration ratio can be adjusted, for example, by controlling the filtration pressure, the membrane surface linear velocity (cross flow velocity) of the crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension, and the like.
- the filtration pressure is, for example, about 0.001 to 5.0 MPa, preferably 0.005 to 3 MPa, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 2.0 MPa.
- the film surface linear velocity (cross flow velocity) is, for example, 0.02 m / s or more and less than 3 m / s, preferably 0.05 m / s or more and less than 1.5 m / s.
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension concentrated through membrane filtration by the crossflow method is diluted by adding water so that the concentration of the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension falls within the above range, and then crossflow again. It is preferable to repeat the operation of membrane filtration according to the method. Thereby, the load of the filtration membrane due to fouling (clogging) or the like can be reduced, and the content of ionic impurities can be reduced extremely low while improving the lifetime of the filtration membrane.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example (circulation type membrane filtration method) of membrane filtration by a cross flow method of a crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension.
- the supply liquid containing the crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension charged in the preparation tank is subjected to membrane filtration by a cross-flow filtration method to obtain a concentrated transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (concentrated liquid).
- the concentrated transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension is circulated again to the charging tank, diluted with dilution water (dilution water), and membrane-filtered by a cross-flow filtration method.
- Examples of the filtration membrane used for membrane filtration by the crossflow method include an ultrafiltration membrane, a microfiltration membrane, a nanofilter, and a reverse osmosis membrane.
- an ultrafiltration membrane in terms of excellent separation performance.
- the ultrafiltration membrane is a substance having an average pore size of about 1 to 20 nm (preferably 1 to 10 nm), a molecular weight of about 1000 to 300000 (preferably 1000 to 50000), and an average particle size of about 1 to 10 nm. It is preferable to use one that can be separated.
- the membrane shape of the ultrafiltration membrane may be, for example, any of a hollow fiber type filtration membrane, a tubular membrane, a spiral membrane, a flat membrane, etc. It is preferable to use a mold filtration membrane or a tubular membrane.
- the inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane in the hollow fiber membrane is about 0.1 to 2.0 mm (preferably 0.5 to 0.5 mm) from the viewpoint of preventing the blocking of contaminants and improving the hollow fiber filling rate into the membrane module. 1.5 mm).
- Examples of the material of the filtration membrane include general cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylonitrile, aromatic polyamide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, ceramic and the like. Can be mentioned.
- cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylonitrile, and aromatic polyamide are particularly preferable.
- the method of passing the crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension is to place the crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension inside (inside the hollow fiber membrane).
- the feed solution containing the flow of permeate flows toward the outside (outside of the hollow fiber membrane) (internal pressure filtration method), and vice versa.
- a method (external pressure filtration method) in which permeate flows toward the inside is mentioned.
- the internal pressure filtration method is preferable because the membrane surface flow rate can be kept high.
- the deposition on the filtration membrane surface is prevented to reduce the burden on the filtration membrane and the membrane filtration operation is performed for a long time. It is preferable to perform back washing.
- the reverse cleaning is preferably performed at a predetermined cycle while controlling the pressure and flow rate.
- the back washing pressure is, for example, about 0.01 to 3.0 MPa, preferably 0.01 to 2.0 MPa, particularly preferably 0.01 to 1.0 MPa, and most preferably 0.01 to 0.5 MPa. More preferably, it is 0.05 to 0.5 MPa.
- the flow rate of backwashing is, for example, about 0.01 to 10 kg / mim, preferably 0.05 to 5 kg / mim, particularly preferably 0.1 to 5 kg / mim [or, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 to 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 m / sec, preferably 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 to 9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 m / sec, and particularly preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 m / sec.
- the frequency of back washing is preferably about once every 0.5 to 3 hours, for example.
- the back washing time is preferably about 0.5 to 10 minutes.
- water for example, purified water, distilled water, pure water, ion-exchanged water, etc.
- water for example, purified water, distilled water, pure water, ion-exchanged water, etc.
- the electric conductivity of the permeate becomes 300 ⁇ S / cm or less (for example, 0.5 to 300 ⁇ S / cm, preferably 0.5 to 250 ⁇ S / cm, particularly preferably 1 to 200 ⁇ S / cm). It is preferable to repeat the process. If the membrane filtration by the cross flow method is finished before the electric conductivity of the permeate falls within the above range, removal of ionic impurities (particularly, iron ions and chlorine ions) may be insufficient.
- the crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension to be subjected to membrane filtration by the crossflow method can be obtained, for example, by adding and impregnating a crystalline titanium oxide suspension with a solution containing a transition metal compound.
- the crystalline titanium oxide suspension is not particularly limited and can be produced by a well-known conventional method.
- the rod-shaped rutile-type titanium oxide suspension contains a titanium compound in an aqueous medium (for example, water or In a mixed solution of water and a water-soluble organic solvent) by hydrothermal treatment [for example, 100 to 220 ° C., 2 to 48 hours (preferably 2 to 15 hours, particularly preferably 5 to 15 hours)]. it can.
- the halide for example, the required power Pv value for stirring: about 0.1 to 1500 W / m 3
- the size and surface area of the resulting particles can be adjusted. preferable.
- titanium compound examples include a trivalent titanium compound and a tetravalent titanium compound.
- examples of the trivalent titanium compound include titanium trihalides such as titanium trichloride and titanium tribromide.
- titanium trichloride TiCl 3
- TiCl 3 titanium trichloride
- the tetravalent titanium compound in this invention can mention the compound etc. which are represented by following formula (1), for example.
- Ti (OR) t X 4-t (1) (Wherein R represents a hydrocarbon group, X represents a halogen atom, t represents an integer of 0 to 3)
- hydrocarbon group for R in the formula (1) examples include C 1-4 aliphatic hydrocarbon groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl and the like. Can do.
- halogen atom for X in the formula (1) examples include chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like.
- titanium tetrahalides such as TiCl 4 , TiBr 4 , and TiI 4 ; Ti (OCH 3 ) Cl 3 , Ti (OC 2 H 5 ) Cl 3 , and Ti (OC 4).
- Trihalogenated alkoxytitanium such as H 9 ) Cl 3 , Ti (OC 2 H 5 ) Br 3 , Ti (OC 4 H 9 ) Br 3 ; Ti (OCH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 , Ti (OC 2 H 5 ) 2 Dihalogenated dialkoxytitanium such as Cl 2 , Ti (OC 4 H 9 ) 2 Cl 2 , Ti (OC 2 H 5 ) 2 Br 2 ; Ti (OCH 3 ) 3 Cl, Ti (OC 2 H 5 ) 3 Cl, Examples thereof include monohalogenated trialkoxytitanium such as Ti (OC 4 H 9 ) 3 Cl and Ti (OC 2 H 5 ) 3 Br.
- titanium tetrahalide is preferable and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ) is particularly preferable because it is inexpensive and easily available.
- the rod-shaped rutile-type titanium oxide suspension obtained by hydrothermal treatment is purified by well-known and conventional methods such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, column chromatography, and a combination of these. can do.
- membrane filtration by the crossflow method can reduce the content of ionic impurities while maintaining the crystal structure of titanium oxide, and it is not necessary to perform pulverization or the like. This is preferable in that a titanium oxide that can be subjected to a transition metal compound supporting step and can highly support a transition metal compound is obtained.
- the membrane filtration by the cross flow method can be performed by the same method as the membrane filtration by the cross flow method of the crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension, and the pH of the permeate is 1 or more (preferably 1 to 7). It is particularly preferred to repeat the treatment until 2 to 6, most preferably 2 to 5.5). If membrane filtration by the cross-flow method is completed before the pH of the permeate reaches the above range, removal of ionic impurities (especially hydrogen ions, chlorine ions, titanium ions) becomes insufficient, and it is difficult to carry transition metal compounds. It may become.
- a crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension can be obtained by impregnating the crystalline titanium oxide suspension obtained by the above method with a transition metal compound.
- a crude transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension supporting a trivalent iron compound (Fe 3+ ) as a transition metal compound is obtained by adding iron nitrate (III) and iron sulfate (III) to a crystalline titanium oxide suspension. It is obtained by adding and impregnating a solution containing iron (III) chloride.
- the concentration of the solution containing the transition metal compound is, for example, about 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably 1 to 40% by weight.
- the impregnation time is, for example, about 1 minute to 24 hours, preferably 5 minutes to 10 hours.
- the transition metal compound when impregnated, it is possible to irradiate the excitation light selectively to a specific surface of the crystalline titanium oxide easily and efficiently without requiring a large facility. It is preferable at the point which can carry
- irradiated with excitation light electrons in the valence band of crystalline titanium oxide are excited in the conduction band, holes are generated in the valence band, and excited electrons are generated in the conduction band, which are diffused to the particle surface. Excited electrons and holes are separated according to the characteristics to form an oxidation reaction surface and a reduction reaction surface.
- Excitation light is light (for example, ultraviolet light) having energy higher than the band gap energy.
- the excitation light irradiation means for example, an ultraviolet exposure apparatus having a light source that efficiently generates ultraviolet rays, such as a medium / high pressure mercury lamp, a UV laser, a UV-LED, and a black light can be used.
- the irradiation amount of the excitation light is, for example, about 0.1 to 300 mW / cm 2 , preferably 0.5 to 100 mW / cm 2 .
- the transition metal compound can be supported with high selectivity on a specific crystal plane of the crystalline titanium oxide.
- the sacrificial agent it is preferable to use an organic compound that easily emits electrons.
- alcohols such as methanol and ethanol
- carboxylic acids such as acetic acid
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- TAA triethanolamine
- the amount of sacrificial agent added can be adjusted as appropriate, and is, for example, about 0.5 to 20.0% by weight, preferably about 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, based on the suspension of crystalline titanium oxide. An excessive amount of the sacrificial agent may be used.
- the transition metal compound-carrying titanium oxide of the present invention is obtained by drying the transition metal compound-carrying titanium oxide suspension [for example, F.C. V. And below (1.3 kPa [A])) at 60 ° C. for about 15 hours, or under normal pressure (atmospheric pressure) at 105 ° C. for about 1 hour].
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide of the present invention is excellent in visible light responsiveness, exhibits excellent photocatalytic ability by light irradiation, and decomposes harmful chemical substances into water and carbon dioxide, thereby providing antibacterial, antifungal, deodorizing, Various effects such as air purification, water purification, and antifouling can be exhibited.
- the amount of CO 2 produced when toluene is oxidized using the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide (200 mg) is, for example, 300 ppm or more.
- the amount of CO 2 produced when methanol is oxidized is, for example, 500 ppm or more, preferably 600 ppm or more, more preferably 700 ppm or more, and particularly preferably 750 ppm or more.
- the measurement method of the amount of CO 2 generated upon oxidizing the toluene is as follows. 200 mg of transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide is spread on a glass dish and placed in a reaction vessel (Tedlar bag, material: vinyl fluoride resin), and 125 mL of 100 ppm toluene gas is blown into the reaction vessel. After the adsorption of toluene gas on the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide reaches equilibrium, light irradiation (LED, light intensity: 2.5 W / cm 2 , light wavelength: 455 nm) is performed at room temperature (25 ° C.) The amount of CO 2 produced 24 hours after the start of irradiation is measured.
- LED light intensity: 2.5 W / cm 2 , light wavelength: 455 nm
- the method of measuring the amount of CO 2 generated upon oxidizing the methanol is as follows. 200 mg of transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide is spread on a glass dish and placed in a reaction vessel (Tedlar bag, material: vinyl fluoride resin), and 125 mL of 800 ppm of methanol gas is blown into the reaction vessel. After the adsorption of methanol gas to the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide reaches equilibrium, light irradiation (LED, light intensity: 2.5 W / m 2 , light wavelength: 455 nm) is performed at room temperature (25 ° C.) The amount of CO 2 produced 24 hours after the start of irradiation is measured.
- LED light intensity: 2.5 W / m 2 , light wavelength: 455 nm
- Example 1 (Preparation of crude titanium oxide suspension) At room temperature (25 ° C.), titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution (Ti concentration: 16.5 wt% ⁇ 0.5 wt%, chloride ion concentration: 31 wt% ⁇ 2 wt%, manufactured by Toho Titanium Co., Ltd.) Ti concentration was diluted with pure water so as to be 5.6% by weight.
- the diluted titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution 5650 g was placed in a 10 L tantalum-lined autoclave and sealed. Using a heat medium, the temperature inside the autoclave was raised to 140 ° C. over 2 hours.
- the obtained crude titanium oxide suspension (1) was diluted three-fold with pure water to obtain a hollow fiber type ultrafiltration membrane (trade name “FS03-FC-FUS03C1”, material: PES, nominal molecular weight cut off: 30,000, manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems Co., Ltd.) at room temperature (25 ° C.) and filtration pressure of 0.02 MPa, filtered with a cross flow method while adding the same amount of pure water as the amount of permeate. It was.
- the concentrate obtained through the filtration treatment was circulated again into the charging tank, and repeatedly subjected to the filtration treatment until the pH of the permeate became 4.0. The pH was measured using a pH test paper.
- titanium oxide suspension (1-1) was dried at 105 ° C. for 1 hour under normal pressure, a rod-shaped rutile titanium oxide having a crystal face (110) and a crystal face (111), a crystal face (110), 525 g of titanium oxide (1), which is a mixture of rod-shaped rutile-type titanium oxide having crystal face (111) and crystal face (001), was obtained (see FIG. 3).
- the photocatalytic ability of the obtained titanium oxide (1) evaluated by the following toluene oxidation method using ultraviolet rays was 625 ppm (decomposition rate: 94%).
- the crude iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (1) was diluted three-fold with pure water to form a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane (trade name “FS03-FC-FUS03C1”, material: PES, nominal molecular weight cut off: 30,000, manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems Co., Ltd.) at room temperature (25 ° C.) and filtration pressure of 0.02 MPa, filtered with a cross flow method while adding the same amount of pure water as the amount of permeate. It was.
- the concentrate obtained through the filtration treatment was circulated again into the charging tank, and repeatedly subjected to filtration treatment until the electric conductivity of the permeate reached 200 ⁇ S / cm.
- the obtained iron compound-supported titanium oxide (1) has a crystal face (110) and a crystal face (111), and a rod-shaped rutile type titanium oxide in which an iron compound is supported only on the crystal face (111).
- Example 2 Preparation of crude titanium oxide suspension
- titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution Ti concentration: 16.5 wt% ⁇ 0.5 wt%, chloride ion concentration: 31 wt% ⁇ 2 wt%, manufactured by Toho Titanium Co., Ltd.
- Ti concentration was diluted with pure water so as to be 5.6% by weight.
- the diluted titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution 5650 g was placed in a 10 L tantalum-lined autoclave and sealed. Using a heat medium, the temperature inside the autoclave was raised to 140 ° C. over 2 hours.
- titanium oxide suspension (2-1) When the titanium oxide suspension (2-1) was dried at 105 ° C. for 1 hour under normal pressure, a rod-shaped rutile titanium oxide having a crystal face (110) and a crystal face (111), a crystal face (110), As a result, 533 g of titanium oxide (2), which is a mixture of rod-shaped rutile-type titanium oxide having crystal face (111) and crystal face (001), was obtained.
- the photocatalytic ability of the obtained titanium oxide (2) evaluated by a toluene oxidation method using the following ultraviolet rays was 647 ppm (decomposition rate: 95%).
- the crude iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (2) is diluted twice with pure water, and is subjected to a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane (trade name “FS03-FC-FUS03C1”, material: PES, nominal molecular weight cut off: 30,000, manufactured by Daisen Membrane Systems Co., Ltd.) at room temperature (25 ° C.) and filtration pressure of 0.02 MPa, filtered with a cross flow method while adding the same amount of pure water as the amount of permeate. It was.
- the concentrate obtained through the filtration treatment was circulated again into the charging tank, and repeatedly subjected to filtration treatment until the electric conductivity of the permeate reached 200 ⁇ S / cm.
- Example 3 In the above (filtration process (2) by cross flow method), the iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (3- 1) (Average particle size: 550 nm, iron compound-supported titanium oxide concentration: 10% by weight, supernatant conductivity: 150 ⁇ S / cm, supernatant pH: 4.9, viscosity (at 22.5 ° C.): 6 0.9 mPa ⁇ s), and 530 g of crystalline iron compound-supported titanium oxide (3) (specific surface area: 78.5 m 2 / g, average aspect ratio: 3) was obtained. The iron compound content of the obtained iron compound-supported titanium oxide (3) was 890 ppm. Moreover, the photocatalytic ability evaluated by the methanol oxidation method by the following visible light was 795 ppm.
- Example 4 The iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (4-) was used in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the above-described (filtration by the cross-flow method (2)) was repeated until the electric conductivity of the permeate reached 100 ⁇ S / cm. 1) (Average particle size: 400 nm, iron compound-supported titanium oxide concentration: 10% by weight, electric conductivity of supernatant: 100 ⁇ S / cm, pH of supernatant: 5.2, viscosity (at 22.5 ° C.): 6 0.8 mPa ⁇ s), and 530 g of crystalline iron compound-supported titanium oxide (4) (specific surface area: 79 m 2 / g, average aspect ratio: 3) was obtained. The iron compound content of the obtained iron compound-supported titanium oxide (4) was 950 ppm. Moreover, the photocatalytic ability evaluated by the methanol oxidation method by the following visible light was 800 ppm.
- Example 5 In the above (filtration process (2) by cross flow method), an iron compound-carrying titanium oxide suspension (5-5) was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the electric conductivity of the permeate was 50 ⁇ S / cm. 1) (Average particle size: 300 nm, iron compound-supported titanium oxide concentration: 10% by weight, electrical conductivity of the supernatant: 50 ⁇ S / cm, pH of the supernatant: 5.2, viscosity (at 22.5 ° C.): 6 0.6 mPa ⁇ s), and 530 g of crystalline iron compound-supported titanium oxide (5) (specific surface area: 80 m 2 / g, average aspect ratio: 3) was obtained. The iron compound content of the obtained iron compound-supported titanium oxide (5) was 1200 ppm. Moreover, the photocatalytic ability evaluated by the methanol oxidation method by the following visible light was 800 ppm.
- Example 6 In the above (iron compound supporting treatment), a crude iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the amount of the aqueous iron chloride solution (35% by weight) was changed from 7.5 g to 6.5 g. (6) was obtained, and an iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (6-1) (average particle size: 840 nm, iron compound-supported titanium oxide concentration: 10% by weight, electrical conductivity of the supernatant: 200 ⁇ S / cm, supernatant PH: 4.9) was obtained, and 530 g of crystalline iron compound-supported titanium oxide (6) (specific surface area: 76 m 2 / g, average aspect ratio: 3) was obtained. The iron compound content of the obtained iron compound-supported titanium oxide (6) was 700 ppm. Moreover, the photocatalytic ability evaluated by the methanol oxidation method by the following visible light was 780 ppm.
- Example 7 In the above (iron compound supporting treatment), a crude iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the amount of the aqueous iron chloride solution (35% by weight) was changed from 7.5 g to 15.0 g.
- the iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (7-1) (average particle size: 940 nm, iron compound-supported titanium oxide concentration: 10% by weight, the electrical conductivity of the supernatant: 200 ⁇ S / cm, the supernatant PH: 4.9, viscosity (at 22.5 ° C.): 7.4 mPa ⁇ s), crystalline iron compound-supported titanium oxide (7) (specific surface area: 80 m 2 / g, average aspect ratio: 3) ) 530 g was obtained.
- the iron compound content in the obtained iron compound-supported titanium oxide (7) was 2000 ppm.
- the photocatalytic ability evaluated by the methanol oxidation method by the following visible light was 753 ppm.
- Example 8 A crude titanium oxide suspension (8) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the reaction temperature (temperature in the autoclave) was changed from 140 ° C to 120 ° C in the above (preparation of the crude titanium oxide suspension).
- the obtained crude titanium oxide suspension (8) was subjected to the above-described membrane filtration treatment (1) by the cross flow method in the same manner as in Example 2.
- the titanium oxide suspension (8-1) was obtained.
- 530 g of titanium oxide (8) was obtained.
- the photocatalytic ability of the obtained titanium oxide (8) evaluated by a toluene oxidation method using the following ultraviolet rays was 600 ppm (CO 2 generation rate: 90%).
- Example 2 Thereafter, (iron compound supporting treatment) and (cross-flow membrane filtration process (2)) were performed in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain a crude iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (8).
- Titanium suspension (8-1) (average particle size: 800 nm, iron compound-supported titanium oxide concentration: 10% by weight, supernatant conductivity: 200 ⁇ S / cm, supernatant pH: 5.2), Crystalline iron compound-supported titanium oxide (8) (specific surface area: 85 m 2 / g, average aspect ratio: 2) was obtained.
- the iron compound content of the obtained iron compound-supported titanium oxide (8) was 780 ppm.
- the photocatalytic ability evaluated by the methanol oxidation method by the following visible light was 691 ppm.
- Example 9 A crude titanium oxide suspension (9) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the reaction temperature (temperature in the autoclave) was changed from 140 ° C to 160 ° C in the above (preparation of the crude titanium oxide suspension). The obtained crude titanium oxide suspension (9) was subjected to the above (membrane filtration treatment by crossflow method (1)) in the same manner as in Example 2. As a result, the titanium oxide suspension (9-1) was obtained. A rod-shaped rutile type titanium oxide having a crystal face (110) and a crystal face (111) and a rod-like rutile type titanium oxide having a crystal face (110), a crystal face (111) and a crystal face (001) As a result, 530 g of titanium oxide (9) was obtained. The photocatalytic ability of the obtained titanium oxide (9) evaluated by a toluene oxidation method with the following ultraviolet rays was 645 ppm (decomposition rate: 95%).
- iron compound supporting treatment and (cross-flow membrane filtration treatment (2)) were performed in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain a crude iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (9).
- Titanium suspension (9-1) (average particle size: 1000 nm, iron compound-supported titanium oxide concentration: 10% by weight, supernatant conductivity: 200 ⁇ S / cm, supernatant pH: 5.2), Crystalline iron compound-supported titanium oxide (9) (specific surface area: 55 m 2 / g, average aspect ratio: 12) was obtained.
- the iron compound content in the obtained iron compound-supported titanium oxide (9) was 820 ppm.
- the photocatalytic ability evaluated by the methanol oxidation method by the following visible light was 727 ppm.
- Example 10 (Preparation of crude titanium oxide suspension) At room temperature (25 ° C.), titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution (Ti concentration: 16.5 wt% ⁇ 0.5 wt%, chloride ion concentration: 31 wt% ⁇ 2 wt%, manufactured by Toho Titanium Co., Ltd.) Ti concentration was diluted with pure water so as to be 5.6% by weight.
- the diluted titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution 5650 g was placed in a 10 L tantalum-lined autoclave and sealed. Using a heat medium, the temperature inside the autoclave was raised to 140 ° C. over 2 hours.
- Example 11 (Preparation of crude titanium oxide suspension) At room temperature (25 ° C.), titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution (Ti concentration: 16.5 wt% ⁇ 0.5 wt%, chloride ion concentration: 31 wt% ⁇ 2 wt%, manufactured by Toho Titanium Co., Ltd.) Ti concentration was diluted with pure water so as to be 5.6% by weight. 560 g of diluted titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution was placed in a 1 L tantalum-lined autoclave and sealed. Using a heat medium, the temperature inside the autoclave was raised to 140 ° C. over 2 hours.
- titanium oxide concentration was concentrated to obtain a titanium oxide suspension (11-1).
- backwashing was performed for 1 minute at a pressure of 0.15 MPa and a flow rate of 0.1 kg / min once per hour.
- the washing water that passed through the membrane by this reverse washing was circulated to the charging tank.
- the titanium oxide suspension (11-1) was dried at 60 ° C. under reduced pressure for 15 hours, rod-shaped rutile-type titanium oxide having a crystal face (110) and a crystal face (111), a crystal face (110), Titanium oxide (11), which is a mixture of rod-shaped rutile titanium oxide having crystal face (111) and crystal face (001), was obtained.
- the photocatalytic ability of the obtained titanium oxide (11) evaluated by a toluene oxidation method using the following ultraviolet rays was 617 ppm (CO 2 generation rate: 93%).
- the preparation of pure water was stopped, the iron compound-supported titanium oxide concentration was concentrated, and the iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (11-1) (average particle size: 800 nm, iron compound-supported titanium oxide concentration: 5 wt. %, The electric conductivity of the supernatant liquid: 21 ⁇ S / cm, and the pH of the supernatant liquid: 5.2).
- backwashing was performed for 1 minute at a pressure of 0.15 MPa and a flow rate of 0.1 kg / min once per hour. The washing water that passed through the membrane by this reverse washing was circulated to the charging tank.
- Comparative Example 1 The crude titanium oxide suspension (11) obtained in Example 11 was centrifuged at a high speed (20000 G ⁇ 60 minutes), and centrifuged at a high speed until the pH of the supernatant was 2.9.
- the filter cake (12-1) was obtained by performing the water washing process by repeating addition and water dispersion.
- the obtained filter cake was suspended in water and pulverized until the average particle size became 800 nm to obtain a titanium oxide suspension (12-1) (titanium oxide concentration: 5% by weight).
- the obtained crude iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (12) was further centrifuged at high speed in the same manner as described above, and centrifuged at a high speed until the electrical conductivity of the supernatant reached 21 ⁇ S / cm, and the supernatant was extracted. Washing was performed by repeated addition of pure water and water dispersion to obtain filter cake (12-2). The obtained filter cake was suspended in water and pulverized until the average particle size became 800 nm, and the iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (12-1) (average particle size: 800 nm, iron compound-supported titanium oxide concentration: 5% by weight, the electric conductivity of the supernatant liquid: 21 ⁇ S / cm, and the pH of the supernatant liquid: 5.2) were obtained.
- Comparative Example 2 The iron compound-supported titanium oxide suspension (13-) was repeated in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the above-described (filtration treatment by cross-flow method (2)) was repeated until the electric conductivity of the permeate reached 700 ⁇ S / cm. 1) (average particle size: 80000 nm, iron compound-supported titanium oxide concentration: 10% by weight, supernatant liquid conductivity: 700 ⁇ S / cm, supernatant liquid pH: 2.9) 530 g of titanium (13) (specific surface area: 78 m 2 / g, average aspect ratio: 1.2) was obtained. The iron compound content of the obtained iron compound-supported titanium oxide (13) was 20 ppm. Moreover, the photocatalytic ability evaluated by the methanol oxidation method by the following visible light was 300 ppm.
- a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector attached with a methanizer (trade name “MT221”, manufactured by GL Science Co., Ltd.) for the amount of CO 2 produced (CO 2 concentration in the reaction vessel) 24 hours after the start of light irradiation. Measurement was conducted using a trade name “GC-14B” (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention contains transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide crystals having an average aspect ratio of 1.5 or more, and has a very low content of ionic impurities. Therefore, it has excellent responsiveness to visible light, can absorb light in normal living spaces such as sunlight, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and LED lighting, and can decompose harmful chemical substances into water and carbon dioxide. That is, the transition metal compound-supported titanium oxide suspension of the present invention can be suitably used as a photocatalyst for LED illumination. It can be used for various purposes such as antibacterial, antifungal, deodorizing, air purification, water purification, and antifouling, and it can be used for indoor wallpaper and furniture, as well as in homes, hospitals, schools and other public facilities. It can be applied to a wide range of applications, such as purification and higher functionality of home appliances.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の他の目的は、前記遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液を乾燥して得られる遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンを提供することにある。
1.遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンの平均アスペクト比が小さくなり、球状により近い形状となるため、酸化反応場と還元反応場の分離性が低下し、逆反応や副反応の進行が避けられなくなる
2.ロッド状の結晶構造が切断されることにより遷移金属化合物が担持されていない酸化チタン片が生じ、その酸化チタン片は可視光応答性を発揮することができなくなる
本発明の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液は、結晶性酸化チタンに遷移金属化合物が担持されてなる、平均アスペクト比(長径/短径)が1.5以上の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンの懸濁液であって、前記遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンを4重量%以上含有する場合、その懸濁液の上澄み液の電気伝導度は300μS/cm以下であることを特徴とする。
<サンプル調製方法>
1.遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液20gを常圧下、105℃で1時間乾燥して、遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン(粉体)を得る。
2.得られた粉体の少量(耳かきサイズのスパチュラで半分程度の量)を9mLのガラス製サンプル瓶に入れ、エタノールを7mL入れ、超音波洗浄器にて超音波を5分間かけて、粉体をエタノール中に分散させエタノール分散液を得る。
3.得られたエタノール分散液をガラス製スポイドで1滴取り、SEM用試料台の上に落として自然乾燥させた後、30秒間白金蒸着を行う。
測定原理:定容法(ブランク補正型)
検出法:相対圧力(圧力トランスデューサによるサンプルセル内の吸着平衡圧力(P)と飽和蒸気圧(P0)の比)と吸着ガス量(圧力トランスデューサによる圧力検出とサーミスタによるマニホールド温度検出から理想気体での注入ガス量を計算)
吸着ガス:窒素ガス
セルサイズ:スモールペレットセル(セル容量:1.8cm3、ステム外径:9mm)
測定項目:P/P0=0.1、0.2、0.3の吸着側3点
解析項目:BET多点法による比表面積
<サンプルの調製方法>
1.遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液を高速遠心分離機(商品名「HP-301」、ベックマン・コールター社製)で処理(40000Gで1時間)して上澄み液を採取し、これをサンプルの希釈用に使用する。
2.遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液を前記上澄み液で吸光度が0.05~0.08の範囲に入る濃度まで希釈し、これを測定セルに入れて粒度分布を測定する。相対屈折率はルチル型酸化チタン2.750に設定する。
尚、上記2における希釈には、上記1に記載の上澄み液に代えてクロスフロー方式で膜濾過した際に得られる透過液(電気伝導度300μm以下のもの)を使用しても良い。
尚、本発明の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液の粘度は、回転粘度計(B型粘度計、TOKIMEC BM型、東京計器(株)製)を使用し、110mLのガラス製サンプル瓶に22.5℃に調整した懸濁液100mL(液高さ:90mm)を入れ、ローターNo.1(60rpm)で測定した値である。
本発明の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液は、例えば、結晶性酸化チタン懸濁液に遷移金属化合物を含浸させて得られた粗遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液を、クロスフロー方式による膜濾過に付すことにより製造することができる。クロスフロー方式による膜濾過に付した後は、希釈、濃縮等の処理を施しても良い。
前記クロスフロー方式による膜濾過とは、濾過膜面に平行に被処理水を流し、濾滓の沈着による濾過膜汚染を防ぎながら被処理水の一部を、被処理水の流れの側方で濾過する方法である。上記粗遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液をクロスフロー方式による膜濾過に付すことにより、濾過膜表面に圧密化された濾滓を形成することなくイオン性不純物を効率よく取り除くことができ、遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンの結晶構造を維持しつつ、イオン性不純物の含有量を極めて低く低減することができる。
ここで、クロスフロー方式による膜濾過に付す粗遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液は、例えば結晶性酸化チタン懸濁液に遷移金属化合物を含む溶液を添加して含浸させることにより得られる。
Ti(OR)tX4-t (1)
(式中、Rは炭化水素基を示し、Xはハロゲン原子を示す。tは0~3の整数を示す)
本発明の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンは、上記遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液を乾燥[例えば、F.V.下(1.3kPa[A])以下)、60℃で15時間程度、又は常圧(大気圧)下、105℃で1時間程度]して得られる。
遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン200mgをガラス製皿に広げて反応容器(テドラーバッグ、材質:フッ化ビニル樹脂)の中に入れ、100ppmのトルエンガス125mLを反応容器内に吹き込む。トルエンガスの遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンへの吸着が平衡に達した後、室温(25℃)で光照射(LED、光強度:2.5W/cm2、光の波長:455nm)を行い、光照射開始から24時間後のCO2の生成量を測定する。
遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン200mgをガラス製皿に広げて反応容器(テドラーバッグ、材質:フッ化ビニル樹脂)の中に入れ、800ppmのメタノールガス125mLを反応容器内に吹き込む。メタノールガスの遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンへの吸着が平衡に達した後、室温(25℃)で光照射(LED、光強度:2.5W/m2、光の波長:455nm)を行い、光照射開始から24時間後のCO2の生成量を測定する。
(粗酸化チタン懸濁液の調製)
室温(25℃)にて、四塩化チタン水溶液(Ti濃度:16.5重量%±0.5重量%、塩素イオン濃度:31重量%±2重量%、東邦チタニウム(株)製)をTi濃度が5.6重量%になるように純水で希釈した。希釈後の四塩化チタン水溶液5650gを容量10Lのタンタルライニングのオートクレーブに入れ密閉した。熱媒を用い、2時間かけて上記オートクレーブ内温度を140℃まで昇温した。その後、撹拌所要動力(Pv値)1360W/m3で撹拌しつつ、温度:140℃、圧力:その温度における蒸気圧の条件下で5時間保持した後、熱媒を冷却することによりオートクレーブを40℃以下まで冷却した。その後、更に、温度:140℃、圧力:その温度における蒸気圧の条件下で5時間保持した後、熱媒を冷却することによりオートクレーブを冷却した。オートクレーブ内温度が40℃以下になったことを確認して、粗酸化チタン懸濁液(1)5650gを取り出した。
得られた粗酸化チタン懸濁液(1)を純水で3倍に希釈して、中空糸型限外濾過膜(商品名「FS03-FC-FUS03C1」、材質:PES、公称分画分子量:3万、ダイセン・メンブレン・システムズ(株)製)を用い、室温(25℃)、濾過圧力0.02MPaにて、透過液量と同量の純水を加えながらクロスフロー方式による濾過処理を行った。濾過処理を経て得られた濃縮液は再度仕込みタンクに循環し、透過液のpHが4.0になるまで繰り返し濾過処理に付した。尚、pHはpH試験紙を使用して測定した。この間、1時間に1回の割合で0.1MPaの圧力、2kg/minの流速で1分間逆洗浄を実施した。この逆洗浄により膜通過した洗浄水は仕込みタンクに循環した。その後、純水の仕込みを停止し、酸化チタン濃度を濃縮させて酸化チタン懸濁液(1-1)を得た。酸化チタン懸濁液(1-1)を常圧下、105℃で1時間乾燥したところ、結晶面(110)及び結晶面(111)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンと、結晶面(110)、結晶面(111)及び結晶面(001)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンの混合物である酸化チタン(1)525gを得た(図3参照)。得られた酸化チタン(1)の下記紫外線によるトルエン酸化法で評価した光触媒能は625ppm(分解率:94%)であった。
上記で得られた酸化チタン懸濁液(1-1)に塩化鉄水溶液(35重量%)7.5gを添加し、室温(25℃)にて30分撹拌した。その後、メタノール95g(酸化チタン懸濁液の1.7重量%)を添加し、100Wの高圧水銀ランプを用いて紫外線(UV)を3時間照射して(UV照射量:5mW/cm2)、粗鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(1)を得た。
粗鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(1)を純水で3倍に希釈して、中空糸型限外濾過膜(商品名「FS03-FC-FUS03C1」、材質:PES、公称分画分子量:3万、ダイセン・メンブレン・システムズ(株)製)を用い、室温(25℃)、濾過圧力0.02MPaにて、透過液量と同量の純水を加えながらクロスフロー方式による濾過処理を行った。濾過処理を経て得られた濃縮液は再度仕込みタンクに循環し、透過液の電気伝導度が200μS/cmになるまで繰り返し濾過処理に付した。この間、1時間に1回の割合で0.1MPaの圧力、2kg/minの流速で1分間逆洗浄を実施した。この逆洗浄により膜通過した洗浄水は仕込みタンクに循環した。その後、純水の仕込みを停止し、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度を濃縮させて、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(1-1)(平均粒子径:1000nm、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度:15重量%、上澄み液の電気伝導度:200μS/cm、上澄み液のpH:4.9)を得た。この間、1時間に1回の割合で0.1MPaの圧力、2kg/minの流速で1分間逆洗浄を実施した。この逆洗浄により膜通過した洗浄水は仕込みタンクに循環した。
(粗酸化チタン懸濁液の調製)
室温(25℃)にて、四塩化チタン水溶液(Ti濃度:16.5重量%±0.5重量%、塩素イオン濃度:31重量%±2重量%、東邦チタニウム(株)製)をTi濃度が5.6重量%になるように純水で希釈した。希釈後の四塩化チタン水溶液5650gを容量10Lのタンタルライニングのオートクレーブに入れ密閉した。熱媒を用い、2時間かけて上記オートクレーブ内温度を140℃まで昇温した。その後、撹拌所要動力(Pv値)220W/m3で撹拌しつつ、温度:140℃、圧力:その温度における蒸気圧の条件下で10時間保持した後、熱媒を冷却することによりオートクレーブを冷却した。オートクレーブ内温度が40℃以下になったことを確認して、粗酸化チタン懸濁液(2)5650gを取り出した。
得られた粗酸化チタン懸濁液(2)を純水で3倍に希釈して、中空糸型限外濾過膜(商品名「FS03-FC-FUS03C1」、材質:PES、公称分画分子量:3万、ダイセン・メンブレン・システムズ(株)製)を用い、室温(25℃)、濾過圧力0.02MPaにて、透過液量と同量の純水を加えながらクロスフロー方式による濾過処理を行った。濾過処理を経て得られた濃縮液は再度仕込みタンクに循環し、透過液のpHが4.0になるまで繰り返し濾過処理に付した。この間、1時間に1回の割合で0.1MPaの圧力、2kg/minの流速で1分間逆洗浄を実施した。この逆洗浄により膜通過した洗浄水は仕込みタンクに循環した。その後、純水の仕込みを停止し、酸化チタン濃度を濃縮させて酸化チタン懸濁液(2-1)を得た。酸化チタン懸濁液(2-1)を常圧下、105℃で1時間乾燥したところ、結晶面(110)及び結晶面(111)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンと、結晶面(110)、結晶面(111)及び結晶面(001)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンの混合物である酸化チタン(2)533gを得た。得られた酸化チタン(2)の下記紫外線によるトルエン酸化法により評価した光触媒能は647ppm(分解率:95%)であった。
上記で得られた酸化チタン懸濁液(2-1)に塩化鉄水溶液(35重量%)7.5gを添加し、室温(25℃)にて30分撹拌した。その後、メタノール95g(酸化チタン懸濁液の1.7重量%)を添加し、100Wの高圧水銀ランプを用いて紫外線(UV)を3時間照射して(UV照射量:5mW/cm2)、粗鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(2)を得た。
粗鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(2)を純水で2倍に希釈して、中空糸型限外濾過膜(商品名「FS03-FC-FUS03C1」、材質:PES、公称分画分子量:3万、ダイセン・メンブレン・システムズ(株)製)を用い、室温(25℃)、濾過圧力0.02MPaにて、透過液量と同量の純水を加えながらクロスフロー方式による濾過処理を行った。濾過処理を経て得られた濃縮液は再度仕込みタンクに循環し、透過液の電気伝導度が200μS/cmになるまで繰り返し濾過処理に付した。この間、1時間に1回の割合で0.1MPaの圧力、2kg/minの流速で1分間逆洗浄を実施した。この逆洗浄により膜通過した洗浄水は仕込みタンクに循環した。その後、純水の仕込みを停止し、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度を濃縮させて鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(2-1)(平均粒子径:880nm、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度:10重量%、上澄み液の電気伝導度:200μS/cm、上澄み液のpH:4.9、粘度(22.5℃における):7mPa・s)を得た。この間、1時間に1回の割合で0.1MPaの圧力、2kg/minの流速で1分間逆洗浄を実施した。この逆洗浄により膜通過した洗浄水は仕込みタンクに循環した。
上記(クロスフロー方式による濾過処理(2))において、透過液の電気伝導度が150μS/cmになるまで繰り返した以外は実施例2と同様にして、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(3-1)(平均粒子径:550nm、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度:10重量%、上澄み液の電気伝導度:150μS/cm、上澄み液のpH:4.9、粘度(22.5℃における):6.9mPa・s)を得、結晶性の鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(3)(比表面積:78.5m2/g、平均アスペクト比:3)530gを得た。得られた鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(3)の鉄化合物の含有量は890ppmであった。また、下記可視光によるメタノール酸化法により評価した光触媒能は795ppmであった。
上記(クロスフロー方式による濾過処理(2))において、透過液の電気伝導度が100μS/cmになるまで繰り返した以外は実施例2と同様にして、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(4-1)(平均粒子径:400nm、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度:10重量%、上澄み液の電気伝導度:100μS/cm、上澄み液のpH:5.2、粘度(22.5℃における):6.8mPa・s)を得、結晶性の鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(4)(比表面積:79m2/g、平均アスペクト比:3)530gを得た。得られた鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(4)の鉄化合物の含有量は950ppmであった。また、下記可視光によるメタノール酸化法により評価した光触媒能は800ppmであった。
上記(クロスフロー方式による濾過処理(2))において、透過液の電気伝導度が50μS/cmになるまで繰り返した以外は実施例2と同様にして、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(5-1)(平均粒子径:300nm、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度:10重量%、上澄み液の電気伝導度:50μS/cm、上澄み液のpH:5.2、粘度(22.5℃における):6.6mPa・s)を得、結晶性の鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(5)(比表面積:80m2/g、平均アスペクト比:3)530gを得た。得られた鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(5)の鉄化合物の含有量は1200ppmであった。また、下記可視光によるメタノール酸化法により評価した光触媒能は800ppmであった。
上記(鉄化合物担持処理)において、塩化鉄水溶液(35重量%)の使用量を7.5gから6.5gに変更した以外は実施例2と同様にして、粗鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(6)を得、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(6-1)(平均粒子径:840nm、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度:10重量%、上澄み液の電気伝導度:200μS/cm、上澄み液のpH:4.9)を得、結晶性の鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(6)(比表面積:76m2/g、平均アスペクト比:3)530gを得た。得られた鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(6)の鉄化合物の含有量は700ppmであった。また、下記可視光によるメタノール酸化法により評価した光触媒能は780ppmであった。
上記(鉄化合物担持処理)において、塩化鉄水溶液(35重量%)の使用量を7.5gから15.0gに変更した以外は実施例2と同様にして、粗鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(7)を得、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(7-1)(平均粒子径:940nm、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度:10重量%、上澄み液の電気伝導度:200μS/cm、上澄み液のpH:4.9、粘度(22.5℃における):7.4mPa・s)を得、結晶性の鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(7)(比表面積:80m2/g、平均アスペクト比:3)530gを得た。得られた鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(7)の鉄化合物の含有量は2000ppmであった。また、下記可視光によるメタノール酸化法により評価した光触媒能は753ppmであった。
上記(粗酸化チタン懸濁液の調製)において、反応温度(オートクレーブ内温度)を140℃から120℃に変更した以外は実施例2と同様にして、粗酸化チタン懸濁液(8)を得、得られた粗酸化チタン懸濁液(8)について、実施例2と同様に上記(クロスフロー方式による膜濾過処理(1))を施したところ、酸化チタン懸濁液(8-1)を得、結晶面(110)及び結晶面(111)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンと、結晶面(110)、結晶面(111)及び結晶面(001)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンの混合物である酸化チタン(8)530gを得た。得られた酸化チタン(8)の下記紫外線によるトルエン酸化法により評価した光触媒能は600ppm(CO2発生率:90%)であった。
上記(粗酸化チタン懸濁液の調製)において、反応温度(オートクレーブ内温度)を140℃から160℃に変更した以外は実施例2と同様にして、粗酸化チタン懸濁液(9)を得、得られた粗酸化チタン懸濁液(9)について、実施例2と同様に上記(クロスフロー方式による膜濾過処理(1))を施したところ、酸化チタン懸濁液(9-1)を得、結晶面(110)及び結晶面(111)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンと、結晶面(110)、結晶面(111)及び結晶面(001)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンの混合物である酸化チタン(9)530gを得た。得られた酸化チタン(9)の下記紫外線によるトルエン酸化法により評価した光触媒能は645ppm(分解率:95%)であった。
(粗酸化チタン懸濁液の調製)
室温(25℃)にて、四塩化チタン水溶液(Ti濃度:16.5重量%±0.5重量%、塩素イオン濃度:31重量%±2重量%、東邦チタニウム(株)製)をTi濃度が5.6重量%になるように純水で希釈した。希釈後の四塩化チタン水溶液5650gを容量10Lのタンタルライニングのオートクレーブに入れ密閉した。熱媒を用い、2時間かけて上記オートクレーブ内温度を140℃まで昇温した。その後、撹拌所要動力(Pv値)13W/m3で撹拌しつつ、温度:140℃、圧力:その温度における蒸気圧の条件下で10時間保持した後、熱媒を冷却することによりオートクレーブを冷却した。オートクレーブ内温度が40℃以下になったことを確認して、粗酸化チタン懸濁液(10)5650gを取り出した。
得られた粗酸化チタン懸濁液(10)を純水で希釈することなく、中空糸型限外濾過膜(商品名「FS03-FC-FUS03C1」、材質:PES、公称分画分子量:3万、ダイセン・メンブレン・システムズ(株)製)を用い、室温(25℃)、濾過圧力0.02MPaにて、透過液量と同量の純水を加えながらクロスフロー方式による濾過処理を行った。濾過処理を経て得られた濃縮液は再度仕込みタンクに循環し、透過液のpHが4.0になるまで繰り返し濾過処理に付した。この間、1時間に1回の割合で0.1MPaの圧力、2kg/minの流速で1分間逆洗浄を実施した。この逆洗浄により膜通過した洗浄水は仕込みタンクに循環した。これにより、酸化チタン懸濁液(10-1)5650gを得た。酸化チタン懸濁液(10-1)を常圧下、105℃で1時間乾燥したところ、結晶面(110)及び結晶面(111)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンと、結晶面(110)、結晶面(111)及び結晶面(001)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンの混合物である酸化チタン(10)を得た。得られた酸化チタン(10)の下記紫外線によるトルエン酸化法により評価した光触媒能は647ppm(分解率:95%)であった。
上記で得られた酸化チタン懸濁液(10-1)に塩化鉄水溶液(35重量%)7.5gを添加し、室温(25℃)にて30分撹拌した。その後、メタノール95g(酸化チタン懸濁液の1.7重量%)を添加し、100Wの高圧水銀ランプを用いて紫外線(UV)を3時間照射して(UV照射量:5mW/cm2)、粗鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(10)を得た。
粗鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(10)を純水で希釈することなく、中空糸型限外濾過膜(商品名「FS03-FC-FUS03C1」、材質:PES、公称分画分子量:3万、ダイセン・メンブレン・システムズ(株)製)を用い、室温(25℃)、濾過圧力0.02MPaにて、透過液量と同量の純水を加えながらクロスフロー方式による濾過処理を行った。濾過処理を経て得られた濃縮液は再度仕込みタンクに循環し、透過液の電気伝導度が200μS/cmになるまで繰り返し濾過処理に付した。この間、1時間に1回の割合で0.1MPaの圧力、2kg/minの流速で1分間逆洗浄を実施した。この逆洗浄により膜通過した洗浄水は仕込みタンクに循環した。これにより、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(10-1)(平均粒子径:920nm、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度:10重量%、上澄み液の電気伝導度:200μS/cm、上澄み液のpH:4.9)を得た。
(粗酸化チタン懸濁液の調製)
室温(25℃)にて、四塩化チタン水溶液(Ti濃度:16.5重量%±0.5重量%、塩素イオン濃度:31重量%±2重量%、東邦チタニウム(株)製)をTi濃度が5.6重量%になるように純水で希釈した。希釈後の四塩化チタン水溶液560gを容量1Lのタンタルライニングのオートクレーブに入れ密閉した。熱媒を用い、2時間かけて上記オートクレーブ内温度を140℃まで昇温した。その後、撹拌所要動力(Pv値)13W/m3で撹拌しつつ、温度:140℃、圧力:その温度における蒸気圧の条件下で10時間保持した後、熱媒を冷却することによりオートクレーブを冷却した。オートクレーブ内温度が40℃以下になったことを確認して、粗酸化チタン懸濁液(11)560gを取り出した。
得られた粗酸化チタン懸濁液(11)を純水で10倍に希釈して、中空糸型限外濾過膜(商品名「FS03-FC-FUS03C1」、材質:PES、公称分画分子量:3万、ダイセン・メンブレン・システムズ(株)製)を用い、室温(25℃)、濾過圧力0.05MPaにて、透過液量と同量の純水を加えながらクロスフロー方式による濾過処理を行った。濾過処理を経て得られた濃縮液は再度仕込みタンクに循環し、透過液のpHが2.9になるまで繰り返し濾過処理に付した。その後、純水の仕込みを停止し、酸化チタン濃度を濃縮させて酸化チタン懸濁液(11-1)を得た。この間、1時間に1回の割合で0.15MPaの圧力、0.1kg/minの流速で1分間逆洗浄を実施した。この逆洗浄により膜通過した洗浄水は仕込みタンクに循環した。酸化チタン懸濁液(11-1)を減圧下、60℃で15時間乾燥したところ、結晶面(110)及び結晶面(111)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンと、結晶面(110)、結晶面(111)及び結晶面(001)を有するロッド状ルチル型酸化チタンの混合物である酸化チタン(11)を得た。得られた酸化チタン(11)の下記紫外線によるトルエン酸化法により評価した光触媒能は617ppm(CO2発生率:93%)であった。
上記で得られた酸化チタン懸濁液(11-1)に塩化鉄水溶液(35重量%)0.3gを添加し、室温(25℃)にて30分撹拌した。その後、メタノール9.6g(酸化チタン懸濁液の1.7重量%)を添加し、100Wの高圧水銀ランプを用いて紫外線(UV)を3時間照射して(UV照射量:0.9mW/cm2)、粗鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(11)を得た。
粗鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(11)を純水で10倍に希釈して、中空糸型限外濾過膜(商品名「FS03-FC-FUS03C1」、材質:PES、公称分画分子量:3万、ダイセン・メンブレン・システムズ(株)製)を用い、室温(25℃)、濾過圧力0.05MPaにて、透過液量と同量の純水を加えながらクロスフロー方式による濾過処理を行った。濾過処理を経て得られた濃縮液は再度仕込みタンクに循環し、透過液の電気伝導度が21μS/cmになるまで繰り返し濾過処理に付した。その後、純水の仕込みを停止し、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度を濃縮させて、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(11-1)(平均粒子径:800nm、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度:5重量%、上澄み液の電気伝導度:21μS/cm、上澄み液のpH:5.2)を得た。この間、1時間に1回の割合で0.15MPaの圧力、0.1kg/minの流速で1分間逆洗浄を実施した。この逆洗浄により膜通過した洗浄水は仕込みタンクに循環した。
実施例11で得られた粗酸化チタン懸濁液(11)を高速遠心分離(20000G×60分間)し、上澄み液のpHが2.9になるまで高速遠心分離し、上澄み液抜取、純水添加、水分散の繰り返しによる水洗処理を施して濾宰(12-1)を得た。得られた濾宰を水に懸濁させて、平均粒子径が800nmとなるまで粉砕し酸化チタン懸濁液(12-1)(酸化チタン濃度:5重量%)を得た。
上記で得られた酸化チタン懸濁液(12-1)に塩化鉄水溶液(35重量%)0.3gを添加し、室温(25℃)にて30分撹拌した。その後、メタノール9.6g(酸化チタン懸濁液の1.1重量%)を添加し、100Wの高圧水銀ランプを用いて紫外線(UV)を3時間照射して(UV照射量:0.9mW/cm2)、粗鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(12)を得た。
その後、減圧下、60℃で15時間乾燥して、結晶性の鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(12)(比表面積:220m2/g、平均アスペクト比:1.3)40gを得た。得られた鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(12)の鉄化合物の含有量は88ppmであった。また、下記可視光によるトルエン酸化法により評価した光触媒能は459ppmであり、下記可視光によるメタノール酸化法により評価した光触媒能は491ppmであった。
上記(クロスフロー方式による濾過処理(2))において、透過液の電気伝導度が700μS/cmになるまで繰り返した以外は実施例2と同様にして、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液(13-1)(平均粒子径:80000nm、鉄化合物担持酸化チタン濃度:10重量%、上澄み液の電気伝導度:700μS/cm、上澄み液のpH:2.9)を得、結晶性の鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(13)(比表面積:78m2/g、平均アスペクト比:1.2)530gを得た。得られた鉄化合物担持酸化チタン(13)の鉄化合物の含有量は20ppmであった。また、下記可視光によるメタノール酸化法により評価した光触媒能は300ppmであった。
(可視光によるトルエン酸化法)
実施例及び比較例で得られた鉄化合物担持酸化チタンを光触媒として使用し、気相にてトルエンを酸化し、生成するCO2量を測定することにより光触媒能を評価した。
鉄化合物担持酸化チタン200mgをガラス製皿に広げて反応容器(テドラーバッグ、材質:フッ化ビニル樹脂)の中に入れ、100ppmのトルエンガス125mLを反応容器内に吹き込んだ。トルエンガスの鉄化合物担持酸化チタンへの吸着が平衡に達した後、室温(25℃)で光照射(LED、光強度:2.5mW/cm2、光の波長:455nm)を行った。光照射開始から24時間後のCO2の生成量(反応容器内のCO2濃度)をメタナイザー(商品名「MT221」、GLサイエンス(株)製)に付属した水素炎イオン化検出器付きガスクロマトグラフ(商品名「GC-14B」、島津製作所製)を使用して測定した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた鉄化合物担持酸化チタンを光触媒として使用し、気相にてメタノールを酸化し、生成するCO2量を測定することにより光触媒能を評価した。
鉄化合物担持酸化チタン 200mgをガラス製皿に広げて反応容器(テドラーバッグ、材質:フッ化ビニル樹脂)の中に入れ、800ppmのメタノールガス125mLを反応容器内に吹き込んだ。メタノールガスの鉄化合物担持酸化チタンへの吸着が平衡に達した後、室温(25℃)で光照射(LED、光強度:2.5W/m2、光の波長:455nm)を行った。光照射開始から24時間後のCO2の生成量(反応容器内のCO2濃度)をメタナイザー(商品名「MT221」、GLサイエンス(株)製)を付属した水素炎イオン化検出器付きガスクロマトグラフ(商品名「GC-14B」、島津製作所製)を使用して測定した。
実施例で得られた酸化チタンを光触媒として使用し、気相にてトルエンを酸化し、生成するCO2量を測定することにより光触媒能を評価した。
酸化チタン200mgをガラス製皿に広げて反応容器(テドラーバッグ、材質:フッ化ビニル樹脂)の中に入れ、100ppmのトルエンガス125mLを反応容器内に吹き込んだ。トルエンガスの酸化チタンへの吸着が平衡に達した後、室温(25℃)で光照射(LED、光強度:0.1mW/cm2、光の波長:365nm)を行った。光照射開始から24時間後のCO2の生成量(反応容器内のCO2濃度)をメタナイザー(商品名「MT221」、GLサイエンス(株)製)を付属した水素炎イオン化検出器付きガスクロマトグラフ(商品名「GC-14B」、島津製作所製)を使用して測定した。
Claims (7)
- 結晶性酸化チタンに遷移金属化合物が担持されてなる、平均アスペクト比(長径/短径)が1.5以上の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンの懸濁液であって、前記遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンを4重量%以上含有する場合、その懸濁液の上澄み液の電気伝導度は300μS/cm以下であることを特徴とする遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液。
- 結晶性酸化チタンが結晶面(110)及び結晶面(111)を有するルチル型酸化チタン及び/又は結晶面(110)、結晶面(111)及び結晶面(001)を有するルチル型酸化チタンである請求項1に記載の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液。
- 遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンの比表面積が10m2/g以上である請求項1又は2に記載の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液。
- 上澄み液のpHが3以上である請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液。
- 遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン濃度を10重量%に調整した場合、その粘度(22.5℃における)が5~25mPa・sである請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液。
- 遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタンの平均粒子径が20μm以下である請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液。
- 請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン懸濁液を乾燥して得られる遷移金属化合物担持酸化チタン。
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