WO2014041764A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014041764A1 WO2014041764A1 PCT/JP2013/005240 JP2013005240W WO2014041764A1 WO 2014041764 A1 WO2014041764 A1 WO 2014041764A1 JP 2013005240 W JP2013005240 W JP 2013005240W WO 2014041764 A1 WO2014041764 A1 WO 2014041764A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/844—Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/854—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising scattering means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
- H10K50/814—Anodes combined with auxiliary electrodes, e.g. ITO layer combined with metal lines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element.
- organic electroluminescence device having a general structure (hereinafter also referred to as “organic EL device”), a transparent electrode, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron injection layer, and a counter electrode are sequentially laminated on the surface of a transparent substrate. It has been known. It is known to obtain a planar light emitting element (illumination panel) using such an organic EL element. In the organic EL element, light emitted from the organic light emitting layer by applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode is extracted through the transparent electrode and the transparent substrate.
- Organic EL elements have features such as being self-luminous, exhibiting relatively high-efficiency light emission characteristics, and being capable of emitting light in various colors. Therefore, it is expected to be used as a light emitter such as a display device such as a flat panel display, or as a light source such as a backlight or illumination for a liquid crystal display, and some of them are already put into practical use. In order to apply and develop organic EL elements for these applications, development of organic EL elements having superior characteristics such as higher efficiency, longer life, and higher luminance is desired.
- electro-optical conversion efficiency there are three main factors governing the efficiency of organic EL elements: electro-optical conversion efficiency, drive voltage, and light extraction efficiency.
- electro-optical conversion efficiency external quantum efficiencies exceeding 20% have been reported due to the recent appearance of so-called phosphorescent materials. This value is considered to be almost 100% in terms of internal quantum efficiency, and it can be said that an example of reaching a so-called limit value was experimentally confirmed from the viewpoint of electro-optical conversion efficiency.
- the driving voltage an element that emits light with relatively high luminance can be obtained at a voltage about 10 to 20% higher than the voltage corresponding to the energy gap. In other words, there is not much room for improving the efficiency of the organic EL element by lowering the voltage. Therefore, the improvement of the efficiency of the organic EL element by overcoming these two factors cannot be expected so much.
- the light extraction efficiency of the organic EL element is generally said to be about 20 to 30% (this value varies somewhat depending on the light emission pattern and the internal layer structure), and this value is not high.
- Factors that cause the light extraction efficiency to be low are the total reflection at the interface with different refractive indices and the material due to the high refractive index and light absorption properties of the material that forms the light generation site and its periphery. This is probably because light absorption occurs and the light cannot effectively propagate to the outside world. This means that light that cannot be used effectively as so-called light emission accounts for 70 to 80% of the total light emission amount, and the expected value for improving the efficiency of the organic EL element by improving the light extraction efficiency is very large.
- the refractive index of the organic layer is about 1.7
- the refractive index of glass used as a substrate is usually about 1.5
- the refractive index of ITO generally used as a transparent electrode is about 1.8 to 2.0. Therefore, it is considered that the total reflection loss generated at the interface between the transparent electrode and the glass reaches about 50% of the total emitted light.
- This value is a value obtained by approximating a point light source, and takes into account that light emission is an integration of three-dimensional radiation from organic molecules.
- the total reflection loss at the interface between the organic layer and the substrate is large. By reducing the total reflection loss between the organic layer and the substrate, it is possible to greatly improve the light extraction efficiency of the organic EL element. .
- the light extraction structure is composed of at least two layers, and is formed by a laminated structure in which the interface between the two layers is an uneven interface.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for providing a physically uneven region at the interface between two light-transmitting resin layers.
- the refractive index is adjusted while performing flattening, particles and the like are used for adjusting the refractive index, so that the resin may become brittle due to the inclusion of the particles. Then, the thermal stress between the two layers becomes different, and as a result, the light extraction structure itself and the layer to be laminated (such as a light emitting layer and an electrode) are likely to be cracked.
- the electrodes and the organic layer are laminated at a relatively high temperature with respect to the resin, so that cracks and the like occur under this heating condition. Cheap.
- the organic EL element may generate heat when it emits light, and the heat generated during operation may cause the layer to expand and cause cracks.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, reduces total reflection loss and enhances light extraction properties, and suppresses the occurrence of cracks and the like, and has high light emission and reliability.
- the object is to provide an element.
- the organic electroluminescence device according to the present invention has the following configuration.
- a translucent substrate is an organic electroluminescence element in which a translucent first electrode, an organic light emitting layer, and a second electrode are provided in this order, and the translucent substrate is disposed on the first electrode side.
- a moisture-proof layer is provided, and a low-bend layer and a high-bend layer having a higher refractive index than the low-bend layer are arranged in this order between the moisture-proof layer and the first electrode.
- An uneven structure is provided at the interface between the low bending layer and the high bending layer, the linear expansion coefficient of the moisture barrier layer is ⁇ , the linear expansion coefficient of the low bending layer is ⁇ , and the high The relationship of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is satisfied when the linear expansion coefficient of the bending layer is ⁇ .
- a mesh-like auxiliary electrode is provided on the surface of the first electrode.
- an insulating film is more preferably provided on the organic light emitting layer side of the auxiliary electrode.
- a groove part that at least divides the highly bent layer is formed.
- the groove part divides both the high bending layer and the low bending layer. More preferably, the groove portion becomes narrower as the groove portion becomes deeper. More preferably, auxiliary wiring is provided in the groove. More preferably, the thickness of the auxiliary wiring is not more than the depth of the groove. More preferably, an insulating part is provided in the groove part on the second electrode side with respect to the auxiliary wiring. More preferably, an insulating layer is provided between the moisture-proof layer and the low-bending layer, and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is satisfied, where ⁇ is a linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer. .
- the light extraction structure by the low bending layer and the high bending layer enhances the light extraction property
- the linear expansion coefficient of these layers is set as described above, so that these layers and the upper layer are laminated. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks or the like in the layer to be formed. As a result, it is possible to obtain an organic electroluminescence element with high light emission and high reliability.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment of an organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element).
- organic EL element a translucent substrate 1 is provided with a translucent first electrode 5, an organic light emitting layer 6, and a second electrode 7 in this order.
- the translucent substrate 1 has a moisture-proof layer 1a on the first electrode 5 side.
- a low-bending layer 2 and a high-bending layer 3 having a higher refractive index than the low-bending layer 2 are provided in this order from the moisture-proof layer 1 a side.
- An uneven structure 4 is provided at the interface between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the moisture-proof layer 1a is ⁇
- the linear expansion coefficient of the low bending layer 2 is ⁇
- the linear expansion coefficient of the high bending layer 3 is ⁇
- the relationship of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is satisfied.
- the low-refractive layer 2 that is a low-refractive index layer is disposed on the translucent substrate 1 side
- the high-refractive layer 3 that is a high-refractive index layer is disposed on the first electrode 5 side. Since the difference in refractive index is reduced, total reflection can be suppressed, and more light can be extracted outside.
- the uneven structure 4 is provided at the interface between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3, light is scattered by the uneven structure 4, so that the total reflection loss is reduced and the light extraction performance is further improved. Can be increased. Moreover, it can suppress that a crack etc. arise because the linear expansion coefficient of the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 becomes the above conditions. As a result, it is possible to obtain an organic electroluminescence element with high light emission and high reliability.
- FIG. 2 shows a state in which the organic EL element in the form of FIG. 1 is viewed in plan (when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the light-transmitting substrate 1).
- the sealing material 8 is removed for easy understanding of the internal configuration of the element, and the region to which the sealing material 8 is bonded is indicated by hatching.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section (i)-(i) in FIG. Moreover, the broken line has shown the auxiliary electrode 10 which is hidden.
- the translucent substrate 1 is a transparent substrate having optical transparency.
- the translucent substrate 1 includes a moisture-proof layer 1a having moisture-proof properties. By having the moisture-proof layer 1a, intrusion of moisture from the translucent substrate 1 side can be suppressed.
- the translucent substrate 1 only needs to be configured to include the moisture-proof layer 1a, and is configured only by the moisture-proof layer 1a, or is configured by a laminate of the moisture-proof layer 1a and the moisture-proof layer 1a and another transparent material layer. It may be done.
- the moisture-proof layer 1 a is disposed on the first electrode 5 side of the translucent substrate 1.
- the translucent substrate 1 When the translucent substrate 1 is constituted by a single layer of the moisture-proof layer 1a, the layer disposed on the first electrode 5 side of the translucent substrate 1 becomes the moisture-proof layer 1a.
- the translucent substrate 1 When the translucent substrate 1 has a multilayer structure, the translucent substrate 1 is composed of a moisture-proof layer 1a and a transparent material layer provided on the surface of the moisture-proof layer 1a opposite to the first electrode 5. become.
- the light-transmitting substrate 1 is configured as a single layer of the moisture-proof layer 1 a, but a transparent material layer is formed on the opposite side of the moisture-proof layer 1 a from the first electrode 5. Also good. Note that translucency and light transmissivity are synonymous.
- the moisture-proof layer 1a a glass substrate or the like can be used.
- the moisture-proof layer 1a is formed of a glass substrate, glass has low moisture permeability, so that moisture can be prevented from entering the sealing region.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 are provided in this order on the surface of the moisture-proof layer 1a in the translucent substrate 1, and the first electrode 5 and the high bending layer 3 are provided on the surface.
- a light emitting laminate including a laminate of the organic light emitting layer 6 and the second electrode 7 is provided.
- the region where the light emitting laminate is provided is a central region of the translucent substrate 1 in plan view (when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface).
- the light emitting laminate is covered and sealed with a sealing material 8 bonded to the translucent substrate 1 at an outer peripheral position surrounding the light emitting laminate, and the light emitting laminate is disposed inside the sealing region. Yes.
- the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 7 are a pair of electrodes.
- the first electrode 5 constitutes an anode
- the second electrode 7 constitutes a cathode.
- the first electrode 5 is light transmissive and can constitute an electrode on the light extraction side.
- the second electrode 7 may have light reflectivity. In that case, light from the light emitting layer emitted toward the second electrode 7 side can be reflected by the second electrode 7 and extracted from the translucent substrate 1 side.
- the second electrode 7 may be a light transmissive electrode. In the case where the second electrode 7 is light transmissive, a structure in which light is extracted from the surface (back surface) on the sealing material 8 side can be employed.
- the second electrode 7 is light transmissive
- a light-reflective layer is provided on the back surface (the surface opposite to the organic light emitting layer 6) of the second electrode 7 so as to proceed in the direction of the second electrode 7.
- the reflected light can be reflected and extracted from the translucent substrate 1 side.
- the light reflective layer may be scattering reflective or specular reflective.
- the first electrode 5 can be configured using a transparent electrode material.
- a conductive metal oxide can be preferably used.
- the transparent metal oxide include ITO, IZO, AZO and the like.
- the second electrode 7 can be configured using an appropriate electrode material.
- the second electrode 7 can be formed of Al, Ag, or the like.
- a light reflection film is provided in the surface of the outer side of the translucent board
- the light reflecting film is provided, the light transmitted from the organic light emitting layer 6 through the first electrode 5 to the moisture-proof layer 1a side is reflected by the light reflecting film and becomes light toward the sealing material 8 side. It becomes possible to extract more light from the sealing material 8 side.
- the light reflecting film can be composed of a reflective metal film such as Al or Ag.
- the organic light emitting layer 6 is a layer having a function of causing light emission, and is usually composed of a plurality of layers appropriately selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, an intermediate layer, and the like. It is what is done.
- the thickness of the organic light emitting layer 6 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, about 60 to 300 nm.
- the stacked structure of the organic light emitting layer 6 is a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection sequentially from the first electrode 5 side. It can be a layer.
- the laminated structure is not limited to this, for example, a single layer of a light emitting layer, a laminated structure of a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer, or a hole transport layer and a light emitting layer.
- a laminated structure or a laminated structure of a light emitting layer and an electron transport layer can be formed.
- the light emitting layer may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure.
- the light emitting layer may be doped with dopant dyes of three colors of red, green, and blue, or blue holes
- a stacked structure of a transporting light emitting layer, a green electron transporting light emitting layer, and a red electron transporting light emitting layer may be used.
- a stacked structure of a blue electron transporting light emitting layer, a green electron transporting light emitting layer, and a red electron transporting light emitting layer may be employed.
- a laminated structure that emits light when a voltage is applied to the electrodes sandwiched between a pair of electrodes is a single light emitting unit
- the plurality of light emitting units are interposed through a light-transmitting and conductive intermediate layer.
- the multi-unit structure may be stacked and electrically connected directly.
- the multi-unit structure is a structure including a plurality of light emitting units that overlap in the thickness direction between a pair of electrodes (anode and cathode).
- the sealing material 8 can be formed using a substrate material having low moisture permeability.
- a glass substrate or the like can be used. Specific examples include soda lime glass and non-alkali glass. Since these are relatively inexpensive glass materials, the manufacturing cost of the element can be suppressed.
- the sealing material 8 may have a recess for accommodating the light emitting laminate, but may not have it. In the case where the sealing material 8 has a recess, the light emitting laminate can be covered and sealed up to the side portion, so that the intrusion of moisture can be further suppressed and the sealing performance can be improved.
- cap glass can be used as the sealing material 8 having a recess.
- the sealing material 8 does not have a recess, it is possible to seal the flat surface of the sealing material 8 so as to face the translucent substrate 1, and a plate-like base material is used as it is. be able to. However, when the sealing material 8 does not have a concave portion, it is necessary to form a side wall that serves as a spacer for sealing the light emitting laminate.
- the sealing material 8 is bonded to the translucent substrate 1 with an adhesive material.
- An adhesive material for adhering the sealing material 8 is provided on the translucent substrate 1 so as to surround the outer periphery of the light emitting laminate. As shown by the hatched portion in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the adhesive material is in contact with the surface of the conductive layer constituting the first electrode 5 and the surface of the highly bent layer 3 in the gap where the conductive layer is divided. Is provided.
- the sealing material 8 is bonded to the light-transmitting substrate 1 with the adhesive material, whereby the light emitting laminate is blocked from the external space and sealed.
- the adhesive material for adhering the sealing material 8 is made of an appropriate material that functions as an adhesive, and for example, a resin adhesive material can be used.
- the resin adhesive material preferably has moisture resistance.
- moisture resistance can be improved by containing a desiccant.
- the resin adhesive material may be mainly composed of a thermosetting resin or an ultraviolet curable resin.
- a portion (sealed internal gap 9) where the light emitting laminate (organic light emitting layer 6) is sealed between the light transmitting substrate 1 and the sealing material 8 may be filled with a filler.
- a sealed space that is a cavity may be formed.
- the sealing internal gap 9 is used as a sealing space, it can be easily sealed with the sealing material 8, and the device can be easily manufactured.
- the desiccant can be provided in the sealed space by sticking to the surface of the sealing material 8 on the light emitting laminate side.
- a filler can be comprised with the curable resin composition with which the desiccant and the hygroscopic agent were mix
- the filler may be hardened or not hardened. Further, since the filler contains a desiccant or a hygroscopic agent, even if moisture enters the inside, the filler can absorb moisture and suppress the moisture from reaching the organic light emitting layer 6. Can do.
- an electrode terminal that is electrically connected to each of the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 7 so as to be drawn outside the sealing region.
- the electrode terminal is a terminal for electrically connecting to the external electrode.
- an electrode lead portion 16 is formed by drawing the conductive layer constituting the first electrode 5 to the end of the translucent substrate 1, and the electrode lead portion 16 constitutes an electrode terminal. ing.
- the electrode lead portion 16 is provided on the end surface of the translucent substrate 1.
- the electrode lead-out portion 16 is formed on the surface of the highly flexible layer 3 provided on the translucent substrate 1, and is formed on the end surface of the translucent substrate 1 via the highly reflective layer 3. Is provided.
- the electrode lead-out portion 16 is divided into a first electrode lead-out portion 16 a that is electrically connected to the first electrode 5 and a second electrode lead-out portion 16 b that is electrically connected to the second electrode 7.
- the electrode lead portion 16 is formed by extending the conductive layer constituting the first electrode 5 to the end portion side of the translucent substrate 1 and extending outside the region where the sealing material 8 is provided. Is formed.
- the conductive layer constituting the first electrode 5 is formed on the surface of the high bending layer 3 by protruding from the sealing region by extending the conductive layer at the end where the first electrode lead portion 16a is provided. Yes.
- the conductive layer constituting the first electrode 5 protrudes from the sealing region at the end where the second electrode lead portion 16b is provided, by dividing the conductive layer and extending the divided conductive layer. It is formed on the surface of the highly bent layer 3.
- the second electrode lead portion 16b is in contact with the stacked second electrodes 7 inside the sealing region, whereby the second electrode lead portion 16b and the second electrode 7 are electrically connected. .
- the structure of the electrode lead-out portion 16 (a structure in which the electrode is pulled out from the sealing region) is not limited to the structure in the form of FIG.
- one or both of the first electrode lead portion 16 a and the second electrode lead portion 16 b may be formed using a conductive layer different from the conductive layer constituting the first electrode 5.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 are provided in this order between the moisture-proof layer 1 a and the first electrode 5.
- An uneven structure 4 is provided at the interface between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3.
- the laminated structure of the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 constitutes a light extraction structure.
- This light extraction structure is a structure which has translucency and extracts more light generated in the organic light emitting layer 6 to the outside through the first electrode 5.
- the low bending layer 2 is a layer having a low refractive index.
- the low bending layer 2 is also called a low refractive index layer.
- the high bending layer 3 is a layer having a high refractive index.
- the high bending layer 3 is also called a high refractive index layer.
- the low-bending layer 2 may have the same refractive index as the moisture-proof layer 1a or may have a higher refractive index.
- the refractive index of the low bending layer 2 may be lower than that of the moisture-proof layer 1a.
- the refractive index of the high bending layer 3 may be the same as that of the first electrode 5, or the refractive index may be lower than that.
- the refractive index of the highly bent layer 3 may be higher than that of the first electrode 5.
- the refractive index of the low bending layer 2 is the same as or lower than the refractive index of the moisture-proof layer 1a. Thereby, total reflection between the translucent board
- the refractive index of the low-bending layer 2 is lower than that of the moisture-proof layer 1 a, and the refractive index can be increased in the order of the low-bending layer 2, the high-bending layer 3, and the first electrode 5.
- the refractive index of the highly bent layer 3 is the same as or higher than the refractive index of the first electrode 5. Thereby, total reflection between the 1st electrode 5 and the highly bent layer 3 can be suppressed more.
- the refractive index of the low bending layer 2 is lower than that of the moisture-proof layer 1 a, and the refractive index of the high bending layer 3 is higher than that of the first electrode 5.
- the refractive index of the adjacent layers is set. It is preferable to reduce the refractive index difference.
- the light emitted from the light emitting layer reaches the substrate directly or reflected, but if the refractive index difference at this interface is large, a large amount of light cannot be extracted by total reflection.
- the refractive index difference between the first electrode 5 and the light extraction structure is reduced.
- the light can be relaxed and the light extraction property can be improved.
- the refractive index difference can be relaxed and the light extraction performance can be improved.
- the difference in refractive index between adjacent layers is preferably small, and can be, for example, 0.1 or less or 0.3 or less.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the uneven structure 4 is provided between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3, and light is scattered or diffused at this interface, there may be a certain difference in refractive index. .
- the refractive index difference between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 is not particularly limited, but can be set to 0.1 or more, for example.
- the refractive index of the low bending layer 2 is not particularly limited, but can be in the range of 1.4 to 1.7.
- the refractive index of the highly bent layer 3 is not particularly limited, but can be in the range of 1.6 to 2.0.
- the refractive index of the moisture-proof layer 1a is not particularly limited, but can be 1.4 to 1.6, for example, when a glass material is used. Further, the refractive index of the first electrode 5 is not particularly limited, and may vary depending on the material, the forming method, etc., but may be in the range of 1.6 to 2.2, for example. When the first electrode 5 is made of a transparent metal oxide such as ITO, the refractive index can be easily adjusted by setting the refractive index in the range of 1.7 to 2.0.
- the light extraction structure constituted by the concavo-convex structure 4 provided at the interface between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 may be a lens array structure.
- the lens array structure is a structure in which fine protrusions are densely arranged in a planar shape.
- the projections of the lens array structure may have a hemispherical shape, a pleat shape, a pyramid shape (quadrangular pyramid shape), or the like.
- the high bending layer 3 also functions as a layer for flattening the low bending layer 2. By planarization, a layer overlapping above the first electrode 5 can be stably formed.
- the uneven structure 4 may be a diffractive structure.
- the concavo-convex structure 4 may be a structure in which concavo-convex portions are randomly arranged in a planar shape.
- a light extraction function part such as a concavo-convex shape or a light scattering layer may be further provided on the outer surface of the translucent substrate 1.
- a light extraction function part such as a concavo-convex shape or a light scattering layer
- substrate 1 may be further provided on the outer surface of the translucent substrate 1.
- corrugation may be provided in the surface by the side of the low bending layer 2 of the moisture-proof layer 1a.
- the surface of the moisture-proof layer 1a is preferably flat for stable film formation.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 can be made of resin.
- the refractive index can be easily adjusted by the resin, and unevenness can be easily provided at the interface.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 can be formed, for example, by applying a resin composition.
- the resin is preferably a curable resin such as a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin.
- a thermoplastic resin may be used.
- the resin include resins such as an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, and a phenol resin.
- the uneven structure 4 can be easily formed.
- the inorganic substance include siloxane and titanoxane.
- one or both of the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 can be configured as a plastic layer.
- the plastic layer can be formed by bonding together a molded body (sheet, film, etc.) obtained by molding and curing a synthetic resin as a plastic raw material.
- plastic materials such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), can be used.
- the plastic molding method is not particularly limited, and may be an appropriate molding method such as rolling molding, roll molding, or injection molding. When using a plastic layer, it is preferable that the base material has flexibility.
- a roll-shaped base material can be sequentially sent out and attached to the translucent substrate 1, and the plastic layers can be easily laminated. Further, if it is flexible, a flexible element can be configured.
- the plastic layer can be formed by bonding the plastic sheet. Bonding can be performed by thermocompression bonding or an adhesive.
- the low-bending layer 2 and the high-bending layer 3 can be adjusted in refractive index by an appropriate method in addition to setting a material such as a resin or an inorganic substance.
- the refractive index can be lowered or increased by dispersing and mixing low refractive index particles or high refractive index particles in these layers.
- the low refractive index particles include silica fine particles. Of these, the refractive index can be effectively lowered by using porous silica fine particles.
- resin particles composed of a resin having a refractive index higher than that of the layer medium can be used.
- the refractive index can be adjusted by mixing a gap.
- the refractive index can be lowered by mixing more voids.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 contain light scattering particles.
- the light scattering particles are preferably composed of particles having a light scattering function in the low refractive index particles or the high refractive index particles. In this case, since the adjustment of the refractive index and the light scattering can be performed with the same particle, the light extraction property can be improved efficiently.
- the light extraction structure constituted by the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 light is scattered by reflection or refraction derived from the refractive index difference of the uneven surface, the reflection of the particle surface or the interface of different components. .
- the light extraction structure constituted by the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 is formed from the central region where the organic light emitting layer 6 is stacked to the sealing region to the outside. And it is preferable that the uneven structure 4 is provided over the whole interface where the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 are laminated.
- the light extraction structure is provided, the light generated in the organic light emitting layer 6 is extracted to the outside from the translucent substrate 1 through the high bending layer 3 and the low bending layer 2. If the light extraction structure by the high bending layer 3 has light diffusibility, light diffuses, and thus light is emitted toward the outer peripheral side. The diffusion of light in the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 is more effectively generated by providing the uneven structure 4.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 are provided on the outer side or the position where the sealing material 8 is bonded, more light is generated toward the outer peripheral portion due to light diffusion. Light can also be extracted from a region where the light emitting laminate is not formed. Therefore, the non-light emitting region in the outer peripheral portion can be made smaller or lost, and an organic EL element having a high light emitting area ratio in the surface can be obtained.
- the concavo-convex structure 4 between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 can be formed by laminating the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 so that the interface between them is an uneven surface.
- the surface of the low-flexion layer 2 is subjected to uneven processing after the low-flexibility layer 2 is laminated, or the low-flexibility layer 2 has surface irregularities.
- the concavo-convex structure 4 can be easily formed by laminating and then laminating the high bending layer 3.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 can be laminated by applying a resin or the like.
- the unevenness can be formed by a stamp using an uneven stamper or the like.
- the unevenness may be formed by imprinting.
- imprinting For example, in optical imprinting, it is possible to efficiently and easily form irregularities with high light extraction properties.
- the unevenness caused by the particles can be formed by blending particles having a size capable of forming the surface unevenness.
- the particles may be particles that adjust the refractive index or impart light scattering properties.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 can be easily provided at the same time by attaching a sheet in which the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 are laminated in advance to form an uneven interface. be able to.
- the sheet constituting the low bending layer 2 is applied, the resin of the high bending layer 3 is applied, or after applying the resin forming the low bending layer 2, the sheet of the high bending layer 3 is applied. May be attached. In that case, if the sheet
- an appropriate method can be used as a coating method.
- spin coating or slit coating can be used.
- the material may be applied by printing such as gravure printing or screen printing. In the case of the printing method, it is easy to apply in a pattern.
- the thermal expansion coefficient in the length direction may be a linear expansion coefficient in the plane direction (direction along the layer surface).
- the low bending layer 2 is a layer sandwiched between the moisture-proof layer 1 a and the high bending layer 3. Therefore, if the thermal expansion coefficient of the low-bending layer 2 is high, it is considered that when the low-bending layer 2 is heated, a force that the low-bending layer 2 pulls the high-bending layer 3 strongly acts and cracks are likely to occur. Therefore, it is presumed that generation of cracks is suppressed by setting the thermal expansion coefficient of the low bending layer 2 between the high bending layer 3 and the moisture-proof layer 1a.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the moisture-proof layer 1a is not particularly limited, but when the unit is “10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 / ° C.”, it can be in the range of 10 or more and less than 100. Further, the coefficient of linear expansion of the low bending layer 2 is not particularly limited, but when the unit is “10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 / ° C.”, it can be in the range of 40 or more and less than 110. Further, the linear expansion coefficient of the highly bent layer 3 is not particularly limited, but when the unit is “10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 / ° C.”, it can be in the range of 50 or more and less than 120.
- the layers are usually made of different materials, or even if the same type of material is used, the laminated layers usually have a difference in thermal expansion coefficient. Often occurs. Therefore, it is more practical and preferable to satisfy the relationship of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 can be laminated by the same kind of method using the same material, the refractive index can be easily adjusted to the same value, and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . It is practically possible and preferable to satisfy the above.
- the difference in the linear expansion coefficient in each layer should be small, and can be specifically set as follows.
- the difference in coefficient of linear expansion between the moisture-proof layer 1a and the highly bent layer 3 is not particularly limited, but when the unit is “10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 / ° C.”, it is 5 or more and less than 100. Can be in the range.
- the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the moisture-proof layer 1a and the low-bending layer 2 is not particularly limited, but when the unit is “10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 / ° C.”, it is 3 or more and less than 80. Can be in the range.
- the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 is not particularly limited, but when the unit is “10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 / ° C.”, it is 0 or more and 50 The range can be less than.
- the linear expansion coefficient can be measured by a general-purpose thermal expansion measuring device such as TMA.
- the adjustment of the linear expansion coefficient is not particularly limited, and can be performed by an appropriate method.
- the linear expansion coefficients of the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 are adjusted based on the linear expansion coefficient of the glass.
- the linear expansion coefficient can be adjusted by selecting a resin material or an additive substance.
- the linear expansion coefficient tends to be low. This is because particles often have a smaller expansion coefficient than resins.
- an inorganic material such as inorganic particles or an inorganic filler is blended, the expansion coefficient can be lowered. Therefore, for example, by increasing the particle content of the low bending layer 2 over the particle content of the high bending layer 3, the linear expansion coefficient of the low bending layer 2 may be made lower than that of the high bending layer 3. There is.
- auxiliary electrode 10 is provided with a mesh-like auxiliary electrode 10 on the surface of the first electrode 5.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 it is possible to improve the electrical conductivity, improve the current distribution on the light emitting surface, and obtain an organic EL element in which light emission in the surface is more uniform.
- the 1st electrode 5 is formed with the material (transparent metal oxide etc.) which has translucency, normally, a specific resistance is high and electroconductivity is not so good. Therefore, by forming the electrode wiring with a material having higher electrical conductivity than the first electrode 5 and forming the auxiliary electrode 10 with this wiring, the electrical conductivity of the first electrode 5 can be supplemented and the electrical conductivity can be further increased. it can.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 is formed on the surface of the first electrode 5.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 since the auxiliary electrode 10 is provided, the auxiliary electrode 10 has an action of pressing the high flexure layer 3 and the low flexure layer 2 through the first electrode 5, thereby suppressing thermal expansion during heating. And the occurrence of cracks can be further reduced.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 is provided in a lattice shape. Such an auxiliary electrode 10 is also called a grid electrode. A more uniform current distribution is obtained by the grid-like auxiliary electrode 10.
- the grid-shaped auxiliary electrode 10 is configured by linear wirings extending in the vertical and horizontal directions arranged at equal intervals. In the form of FIG. 2, sixteen rectangular holes are provided by five vertical lines and five horizontal lines to form a mesh. Of course, the number of wirings is not limited to this, and may be an appropriate number such as 3 to 10 in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 is a layer made of an electrode material. It does not have to be transparent.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 can be formed of, for example, a conductive metal material. Specifically, copper, silver, gold, aluminum, nickel, molybdenum and the like are exemplified.
- a conductive metal material Specifically, copper, silver, gold, aluminum, nickel, molybdenum and the like are exemplified.
- One of the preferred materials for the auxiliary electrode 10 is a molybdenum / aluminum / molybdenum laminate (Mo / Al / Mo) called MAM. When MAM is used, the conductivity of the first electrode 5 can be effectively assisted and improved. Since the auxiliary electrode 10 is formed in a mesh shape, light can be extracted from between the meshes (holes) of the auxiliary electrode 10 to the translucent substrate 1 side.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 since the auxiliary electrode 10 usually does not have translucency, light cannot be extracted from this portion, and there is a possibility that a non-light emitting portion along the shape of the auxiliary electrode 10 may be formed. However, in this embodiment, since light is diffused by the concavo-convex structure 4 between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3, the light can be diffused into a non-light emitting region formed by the auxiliary electrode 10. . Therefore, non-light emission by the auxiliary electrode 10 is lost or made inconspicuous, and more natural light emission can be obtained.
- the insulating film 11 is provided on the organic light emitting layer 6 side of the auxiliary electrode 10.
- the insulating film 11 is provided with an action of pressing the high flexure layer 3 and the low flexure layer 2 through the first electrode 5. Thermal expansion at the time can be suppressed, and the occurrence of cracks can be further reduced.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 is formed so as to rise on the surface of the first electrode 5, when the organic light emitting layer 6 and the second electrode 7 are directly formed on the surface, the layer is divided or thinned. Therefore, there is a risk of electrical shorting.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 is electrically insulated by the insulating film 11, so even if the second electrode 7 is laminated on the auxiliary electrode 10, the auxiliary electrode 10 is formed by the insulating film 11. And the second electrode 7 are not in direct contact with each other, so that an electrical short circuit can be prevented.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 since the auxiliary electrode 10 usually does not have translucency, light cannot be extracted. Therefore, if light emission occurs in this portion, loss of light emission occurs. There is a risk that the luminous efficiency is lowered.
- the insulating film 11 when the insulating film 11 is provided as in this embodiment, light emission does not occur in the portion where the auxiliary electrode 10 is provided, and a larger amount of current is allowed to flow in a region (mesh) other than the auxiliary electrode 10 from which light can be extracted. Therefore, light emission loss can be reduced and light emission efficiency can be improved. Further, the provision of the insulating film 11 can suppress excessive light emission in the auxiliary electrode 10 portion.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 is covered with the insulating film 11 at a portion not in contact with the first electrode 5. That is, the insulating film 11 is laminated on the auxiliary electrode 10 so as to cover the auxiliary electrode 10, and the auxiliary electrode 10 is covered not only on the surface but also on the side surface with the insulating film 11.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 is covered with the insulating film 11 as described above, it is possible to make it difficult for the layers to be divided, and it is possible to secure insulation, thereby further suppressing short-circuit defects.
- the luminous efficiency can be further increased.
- the insulating film 11 is in contact with the surface of the first electrode 5, it is possible to strongly obtain the action of pressing the high-flexure layer 3 and the low-flexure layer 2 through the first electrode 5 by the insulating film 11.
- the occurrence of cracks can be further reduced by suppressing thermal expansion during heating.
- the side surface of the insulating film 11 is preferably inclined. Thereby, the division of the layer can be further suppressed.
- the high bending layer 3 extends to the end, protrudes from the sealing region, and is exposed to the outside. If the high bending layer 3 has high moisture permeability, the high bending layer 3 There is a risk of moisture entering easily.
- the exposed portion of the high bending layer 3 can be formed in a portion where the conductive layer constituting the electrode lead portion 16 is divided or in the region of the end portion of the substrate. Therefore, it is preferable to form a moisture-proof film that covers the high-bending layer 3 in the exposed portion of the high-bending layer 3 because moisture can be prevented from entering through the high-bending layer 3.
- a moisture-proof film when there is a portion where the low bending layer 2 is exposed, it is preferable to form a moisture-proof film so as to cover the low bending layer 2.
- a moisture-proof film can be formed on the side surface of the translucent substrate 1 or the like.
- the moisture-proof film can be formed of, for example, an inorganic material. Examples of the inorganic material include silica.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 is shown as an upper layer of the first electrode 5 in the form of FIG. 1, the auxiliary electrode 10 may be formed as a lower layer of the first electrode 5. Also in that case, the auxiliary electrode 10 can enhance the conductivity of the first electrode 5 by contacting the first electrode 5. In this case, in order to suppress light emission at the position of the auxiliary electrode 10, the insulating film 11 is preferably provided at a position where the auxiliary electrode 10 is provided between the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 7.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 and the insulating film 11 are provided.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 and the insulating film 11 may not be provided. Also in that case, cracks can be suppressed by setting the linear expansion coefficient as described above.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of an embodiment of the organic EL element. The same components as those in the embodiment of FIG.
- the first electrode 5, the organic light emitting layer 6 and the second electrode 7 having translucency are provided in this order on the translucent substrate 1, as in the embodiment of FIG. It is.
- the translucent substrate 1 has a moisture-proof layer 1a on the first electrode 5 side. Between the moisture-proof layer 1 a and the first electrode 5, a low-bending layer 2 and a high-bending layer 3 having a higher refractive index than the low-bending layer 2 are provided in this order from the moisture-proof layer 1 a side. An uneven structure 4 is provided at the interface between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3.
- the low-refractive layer 2 that is a low-refractive index layer is disposed on the translucent substrate 1 side
- the high-refractive layer 3 that is a high-refractive index layer is disposed on the first electrode 5 side. Since the difference in refractive index is reduced, total reflection can be suppressed, and more light can be extracted outside. Further, since the concavo-convex structure 4 is provided at the interface between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3, light is scattered by the concavo-convex structure 4, so that the total reflection loss is reduced and the light extraction performance is further improved. be able to.
- the coefficient of linear expansion of the moisture-proof layer 1a is ⁇
- the coefficient of linear expansion of the low bending layer 2 is ⁇
- the coefficient of linear expansion of the high bending layer 3 is ⁇ .
- the relationship between the linear expansion coefficients of the layers satisfies the relationship ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- FIG. 2 also shows a state in which the organic EL element in the form of FIG. 3 is viewed in a plan view (when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the translucent substrate 1).
- FIG. 3 illustrates a section (i)-(i) in FIG.
- the broken line has shown the auxiliary wiring 13 which is hidden.
- a groove 12 that at least divides the highly bent layer 3 is formed.
- the groove portion 12 that divides the highly bent layer 3 is formed, since the layer is divided, thermal expansion is absorbed in the groove portion 12 when heated, so that stress due to thermal expansion can be reduced. it can. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a more reliable element with less cracking.
- the groove portion 12 is formed in a laminated structure constituting the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3.
- the groove 12 is provided by dividing at least the highly bent layer 3. By dividing the high bending layer 3, the thermal expansion of the high bending layer 3 can be absorbed by the groove 12.
- the groove 12 can be formed by an appropriate method.
- the groove 12 can be formed, for example, by patterning the layer at the stage of forming the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3.
- the groove portion 12 is formed, for example, by forming the low-flexion layer 2 and the high-flexion layer 3 that do not have the groove portion 12 and then removing a portion of the groove portion 12 by one or both of a physical method and a chemical method. May be.
- the groove 12 may generate a crack by applying stress to the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3, and the crack may be used as the groove 12.
- the groove portion 12 may be constituted by a plurality of linear grooves.
- the groove portion 12 is formed by a plurality of grooves extending vertically and horizontally.
- the overall shape of the groove 12 may be a mesh shape, a grid shape, or a lattice shape.
- the groove portion 12 may correspond to the shape of the auxiliary wiring 13.
- the groove 12 is preferably as narrow as possible. Thereby, the area of the light extraction structure can be increased.
- the width of the groove 12 is defined as the lateral width of one groove constituting the groove 12 (the width in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the groove extends in plan view).
- the width of the groove 12 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the width of the groove 12 is more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- variety of the groove part 12 is not specifically limited, For example, the width
- the interval between the groove portions 12, that is, the distance between the adjacent groove portions 12 is preferably as wide as possible. Thereby, the area of the light extraction structure can be increased.
- the interval between the groove portions 12 is preferably 1 mm or more.
- the interval between the groove portions 12 is more preferably 2 mm or more.
- interval of the groove part 12 is not specifically limited,
- interval of the groove part 12 may be 10 mm or less.
- the width of the groove part 12 and the interval between the groove parts 12 are not limited to the above ranges because suitable values may vary depending on the light extraction structure material and the processing method.
- the groove 12 divides both the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3.
- the groove 12 divides not only the high bending layer 3 but also the low bending layer 2. That is, the groove portion 12 cuts the highly bent layer 3 in the thickness direction and divides it into a surface method, and cuts the low bent layer 2 in the thickness direction and divides it in the surface direction. And the bottom part of the groove part 12 has reached the surface of the translucent board
- substrate 1 moisture-proof layer 1a.
- the width of the groove 12 becomes narrower as it gets deeper.
- the side surface of the groove portion 12 becomes an inclined surface inclined with respect to the surface of the translucent substrate 1, and the side surfaces of the groove portion 12 do not face each other in a parallel state.
- the width of the opening part of the groove part 12 is widened, when the layer expands due to thermal expansion, the stress at the end where stress tends to concentrate can be relaxed, and cracks are generated by heating. Can be suppressed. Further, even when deformation occurs such that the space between the groove portions 12 becomes narrow during thermal expansion, the deformation of the groove portions 12 can be absorbed while absorbing stress due to heat because the groove portions 12 are spread at the opening portion. Therefore, the occurrence of cracks can be suppressed.
- the layer is likely to be divided at this step, which may reduce connection reliability. is there.
- the groove 12 becomes deeper, the width becomes narrower, and the side surface of the groove 12 becomes an inclined surface inclined with respect to the surface of the translucent substrate 1, so that the layer breakage can be reduced and the connection reliability can be improved. Can be increased.
- the groove 12 having such a shape can be referred to as a fillet-like groove.
- the high bending layer 3 may be rounded and may become a curved surface shape. Thereby, since the angular part is chamfered, the division of the layer is further suppressed.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 is provided in the groove 12.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 may be formed of the same material and the same pattern shape as the auxiliary electrode 10 in the form of FIG. That is, the auxiliary wiring 13 may be called a grid wiring.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 it is possible to improve the electrical conductivity, improve the current distribution in the plane, and obtain an organic EL element in which the light emission in the plane is more uniform. Since the first electrode 5 is formed of a translucent material (transparent metal oxide or the like), the specific resistance is usually high and the conductivity is not so good.
- the electrical conductivity of the first electrode 5 can be supplemented to further increase the electrical conductivity.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 and the first electrode 5 are provided in contact with each other.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 is formed in the groove 12. As described above, since the auxiliary wiring 13 is provided in the groove portion 12, the auxiliary wiring 13 can be provided by using the groove portion 12 that is recessed on the surface of the translucent substrate 1. Therefore, the auxiliary wiring 13 can be provided efficiently. it can.
- the first electrode 5 may be divided by this groove, or the distance between the electrodes may be increased, and the power feeding property may become unstable.
- the first electrode 5 can be laminated on the auxiliary wiring 13. Therefore, an element that can stably supply power can be obtained.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 is provided at the bottom of the groove 12, and is provided in contact with the surface of the translucent substrate 1 (moisture-proof layer 1a).
- the auxiliary wiring 13 can be provided more efficiently.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 may have a net-like shape, and can preferably be provided in a lattice shape. A more uniform current distribution can be obtained by the grid-like auxiliary wiring 13.
- the grid-like auxiliary wiring 13 is configured by arranging linear wirings extending vertically and horizontally at equal intervals.
- the mesh pattern may be the same as that described in the form of FIG.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 is a layer made of an electrode material. It does not have to be transparent. For example, it can be formed of a conductive metal material. Specifically, copper, silver, gold, aluminum, nickel, molybdenum and the like are exemplified. As a material for the auxiliary wiring 13, MAM is also preferable. When Mo / Al / Mo is used, the conductivity of the first electrode 5 can be effectively assisted and improved. Since the auxiliary wiring 13 is formed in a mesh shape, light can be extracted from between the meshes (holes) of the auxiliary wiring 13 to the translucent substrate 1 side.
- the thickness of the auxiliary wiring 13 is preferably equal to or less than the depth of the groove 12. If the thickness of the auxiliary wiring 13 is larger than the depth of the groove 12, the auxiliary wiring 13 jumps out of the opening of the groove 12, so that stable film formation may not be performed. Further, if the groove portion 12 is entirely filled with the auxiliary wiring 13 and formed so as to rise further, there is a possibility that it becomes difficult to absorb the stress and the cracks cannot be effectively reduced. However, when the thickness of the auxiliary wiring 13 is equal to or less than the depth of the groove 12, electrical reliability can be maintained and cracks can be suppressed to a high level.
- the thickness of the auxiliary wiring 13 may be equal to or less than the thickness of the low bending layer 2.
- the thickness of the auxiliary wiring 13 may be thinner than the thickness of the thinnest portion of the low bending layer 2.
- the groove portion 12 is preferably provided with an insulating portion 14 on the second electrode 7 side with respect to the auxiliary wiring 13. Since the groove portion 12 is formed in a shape in which one or both of the high bending layer 3 and the low bending layer 2 are divided, the first electrode 5, the organic light emitting layer 6 and the second electrode 7 are laminated directly on the groove portion 12. When formed in such a manner, the layer may be divided or thinned, which may cause an electrical short circuit. However, if the insulating portion 14 is provided on the second electrode 7 side of the auxiliary wiring 13, the groove portion 12 is filled with the insulating portion 14, so that it is difficult to cause the layer to be divided.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 is electrically insulated by the insulating portion 14, even if the second electrode 7 is laminated on the auxiliary wiring 13, the auxiliary wiring 13 and the second electrode 7 are separated by the insulating portion 14. Can be prevented from being electrically short-circuited.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 since the auxiliary wiring 13 usually does not have translucency, light cannot be extracted. Therefore, if light emission occurs in this portion, loss of light emission occurs. There is a risk that the luminous efficiency is lowered.
- the insulating portion 14 when the insulating portion 14 is provided as in the present embodiment, light emission does not occur in the portion where the auxiliary wiring 13 is provided, and a current is supplied to a region (mesh) other than the auxiliary wiring 13 from which light can be extracted. Since a large amount can be flowed, the light emission loss can be reduced and the light emission efficiency can be improved. Further, the provision of the insulating portion 14 can suppress excessive light emission in the auxiliary wiring 13 portion.
- the insulating part 14 is provided so as to fill the groove part 12.
- the layer can be formed stably.
- the organic light emitting layer 6 can be stably laminated, A highly reliable element can be obtained.
- the insulating part 14 is provided on the first electrode 5. As a result, it is possible to sufficiently ensure the conductivity between the first electrode 5 and the auxiliary wiring 13.
- the position where the insulating part 14 is provided is not limited to this, and the insulating part 14 may be provided between the organic light emitting layer 6 and the second electrode 7.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 is shown as a lower layer of the first electrode 5 in the form of FIG. 3, the auxiliary wiring 13 may be formed as an upper layer of the first electrode 5. Even in this case, the conductivity of the first electrode 5 can be increased by the auxiliary wiring 13 by being in contact with the first electrode 5.
- FIG. 4 shows another example of the embodiment of the organic EL element.
- the same components as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- This embodiment is different from the embodiment of FIG. 3 in that an insulating layer 15 is provided between the moisture-proof layer 1a and the low bending layer 2. Other than that, it has the same configuration as FIG.
- the stress during thermal expansion can be further sucked.
- the groove 12 divides the high bending layer 3, the low bending layer 2 and the insulating layer 15, and the auxiliary wiring 13 is formed on the surface of the moisture-proof layer 1 a at the bottom of the groove 12.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 is preferably thinner than the insulating layer 15. Since the thickness of the auxiliary wiring 13 is reduced, the division of the layers is further suppressed.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the moisture-proof layer 1a is ⁇
- the linear expansion coefficient of the insulating layer 15 is ⁇
- the linear expansion coefficient of the low bending layer 2 is ⁇
- the linear expansion of the high bending layer 3 is
- the coefficient is ⁇
- the insulating layer 15 can be formed of a resin material or an inorganic material. When it is made of resin, it may be the same resin as that used for the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3. In the case of using an inorganic material, a silica-based inorganic material or the like can be used.
- the refractive index of the insulating layer 15 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, the refractive index between the moisture-proof layer 1a and the low bending layer 2 in order to improve the light extraction property.
- auxiliary wiring 13 and the insulating part 14 show the form in which the auxiliary wiring 13 and the insulating part 14 are provided.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 and the insulating part 14 may not be provided in the organic EL element.
- cracks can be suppressed by setting the linear expansion coefficient as described above.
- produces by the expansion
- An organic EL element in which the auxiliary electrode 10 is provided on the surface of the first electrode 5 and the auxiliary wiring 13 is provided in the groove 12 can be configured.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a process for manufacturing the organic EL element having the configuration shown in FIG.
- a translucent substrate 1 having a moisture-proof layer 1a is prepared.
- the low bending layer 2 is formed on the surface of the moisture-proof layer 1a.
- the low bending layer 2 can be laminated by applying a material (resin material or inorganic material) constituting the low bending layer 2.
- the coating can be performed by spin coating, slit coating, printing, or the like.
- the low bending layer 2 may be provided by an evaporation method or the like.
- the surface of the low bending layer 2 is made uneven. The uneven surface can be formed by an imprint method. If optical imprinting is used, irregularities can be easily formed.
- the high bending layer 3 is laminated on the surface (uneven surface) of the low bending layer 2.
- the high bending layer 3 can be laminated by applying a material (resin material or inorganic material) constituting the high bending layer 3.
- the coating can be performed by spin coating, slit coating, printing, or the like.
- a plastic sheet may be used for the lamination of the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 can be simultaneously provided on the surface of the translucent substrate 1 by attaching a plastic sheet in which the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 are laminated.
- the high bending layer 3 is formed by coating, or after forming the low bending layer 2 by coating, the sheet constituting the high bending layer 3 is formed. It may be pasted. In that case, you may form the uneven structure 4 using the sheet
- the material of the high bending layer 3 a material having a higher linear expansion coefficient and a higher refractive index than that of the low bending layer 2 is used.
- the first electrode 5 is formed on the surface of the highly bent layer 3, and the auxiliary electrode 10 is formed thereon.
- the first electrode 5 and the auxiliary electrode 10 can be formed by vapor deposition, sputtering, coating, or the like. In the case of vapor deposition, an electrode layer with high conductivity can be easily formed.
- layers are formed in a pattern. That is, in the first electrode 5, a layer is formed in a pattern in order to provide the electrode lead portion 16 at the end portion of the substrate.
- a layer is formed in a pattern shape so that it may become a mesh electrode.
- Such a patterned layer may be formed by film formation by a mask method, or may be formed by etching after film formation over the entire surface.
- the auxiliary electrode 10 may be laminated by attaching a conductive molded body formed in a mesh shape.
- an insulating film 11 is formed on the auxiliary electrode 10 so as to cover the auxiliary electrode 10.
- the insulating film 11 can be formed by applying a material for the insulating film 11. The application can be performed by spin coating, slit coating, printing, or the like. When a thermosetting material is used, the insulating film 11 is formed by thermosetting by heating.
- the organic light emitting layer 6 and the second electrode 7 are sequentially laminated.
- the organic light emitting layer 6 can be formed by sequentially laminating each layer constituting the organic light emitting layer 6 by vapor deposition or coating.
- the second electrode 7 can be formed by vapor deposition, sputtering, coating, or the like.
- heat may be applied during vapor deposition or the like.
- a composition in a heated state may be applied, or it may be heated during thermosetting.
- the heating temperature is, for example, in the range of 100 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower.
- the relationship between the linear expansion coefficients of the moisture-proof layer 1a, the low-flexure layer 2 and the high-flexure layer 3 is ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , so that cracks can be generated even when heat is applied during lamination. Can be prevented from occurring.
- the sealing material 8 is adhere
- Sealing with the sealing material 8 surrounds the outer periphery of the light-emitting laminate on the surface of the electrode lead-out portion 16 in the outer peripheral portion of the translucent substrate 1 (some may be the surface of the highly flexible layer 3). Is provided with an adhesive for sealing. Then, the sealing material 8 is brought close to the translucent substrate 1 from the surface on the light emitting laminate side, and the light transmitting laminate 1 is sealed by adhering the translucent substrate 1 and the sealing material 8 with an adhesive.
- an organic EL element as shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained.
- the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 5 since the linear expansion coefficient is adjusted and laminated, generation of cracks can be suppressed. Moreover, since the auxiliary electrode 10 is formed and this auxiliary electrode 10 is covered with the insulating film 11, the current distribution is improved and an organic EL element with more uniform in-plane light emission can be obtained. Note that in the case where the auxiliary electrode 10 and the insulating film 11 are not provided, these manufacturing steps may be omitted from the step of FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a process for manufacturing the organic EL element having the configuration shown in FIG.
- a translucent substrate 1 having a moisture-proof layer 1a is prepared.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 is formed on the surface of the translucent substrate 1.
- the method for forming the auxiliary wiring 13 may be the same as the method for forming the auxiliary electrode 10 in the embodiment of FIG.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 are formed on the surface of the moisture-proof layer 1a where the auxiliary wiring 13 is not provided.
- Lamination of the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 can be performed by the same method as in the embodiment of FIG. However, in order to form the groove 12, coating is performed in a pattern so that the low flexure layer 2 and the high flexure layer 3 are not formed on the auxiliary wiring 13.
- the pattern coating can be performed by spin coating using a mask, slit coating, or the like.
- the inclined surface can be formed by laminating layers so as to be inclined or performing an operation of scraping off end surfaces of the laminated layers obliquely.
- the low-bending layer 2 and the high-bending layer 3 are removed by laser irradiation or the like to form the groove 12, and this formation is performed.
- the auxiliary wiring 13 may be formed in the groove 12.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 are divided to form the groove 12, and the auxiliary wiring 13 is formed in the groove 12.
- the side surface of the groove 12 can be formed as an inclined surface by adjusting the angle of the laser beam, and the inclined surface can be easily formed.
- the first electrode 5 is formed.
- the first electrode 5 can be formed by vapor deposition, sputtering, coating, or the like.
- the first electrode 5 is also laminated inside the groove 12 so that the first electrode 5 and the auxiliary wiring 13 are in contact with each other. Thereby, electrical conduction can be achieved, and a high conductivity assist effect can be obtained.
- an insulating part 14 is formed by laminating an insulating material by coating or vapor deposition so as to fill the groove 12 at a position above the auxiliary wiring 13.
- the insulating part 14 is preferably provided so that the groove part 12 is filled and becomes a flat surface flush with the surface of the first electrode 5. Thereby, the layer laminated
- the organic light emitting layer 6 and the second electrode 7 are sequentially laminated, and then, as shown in FIG. 6 (g), the sealing material 8 is attached to the translucent substrate 1.
- the laminated body (light emitting laminated body) which has the organic light emitting layer 6 with the sealing material 8 is sealed.
- the lamination of the organic light emitting layer 6 and the second electrode 7 and the adhesion of the sealing material 8 can be performed by the same method as in the embodiment of FIG.
- heat may be applied during vapor deposition or the like.
- a composition in a heated state may be applied, or it may be heated during thermosetting.
- the heating temperature is, for example, in the range of 100 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower.
- the relationship between the linear expansion coefficients of the moisture-proof layer 1a, the low-flexure layer 2 and the high-flexure layer 3 is ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , so that cracks can be generated even when heat is applied during lamination. Can be prevented from occurring.
- the groove part 12 since the groove part 12 is provided, the stress at the time of a heating can be absorbed in the groove part 12, Therefore A crack can be reduced more effectively.
- the organic EL element as shown in FIG. 3 can be obtained.
- the manufacturing method illustrated in FIG. 6 since the linear expansion coefficient is adjusted and stacked, the occurrence of cracks can be suppressed.
- the groove portion 12 is formed, the auxiliary wiring 13 is formed in the groove portion 12, and the groove portion 12 is further filled with the insulating portion 14, the current distribution is improved, the in-plane light emission is more uniform, and the light extraction efficiency is improved.
- a good organic EL element can be obtained. Note that in the case where one or both of the auxiliary wiring 13 and the insulating portion 14 are not provided, these manufacturing steps may be omitted from the step of FIG.
- the manufacture of the organic EL element in the form of FIG. 4 can be performed according to the manufacturing process shown in FIG. That is, the insulating layer 15 is formed on the surface of the translucent substrate 1 before forming the low bending layer 2. Other than that is the same as the process of FIG. Thereby, the organic EL element of the form of FIG. 4 can be obtained.
- an illuminating device can be configured using the organic EL element. Since this illuminating device includes an organic EL element, an illuminating device having excellent light-emitting properties can be obtained.
- the light emitting surface of one organic EL element can be, for example, a rectangular shape having a length of 10 cm or more and a width of 10 cm or more, but is not limited thereto.
- the illuminating device may arrange a plurality of organic EL elements in a planar shape.
- the illumination device may include a wiring structure for supplying power to the organic EL element.
- the illumination device may include a housing that supports the organic EL element.
- the illumination device may include a plug that electrically connects the organic EL element and the power source.
- the lighting device can be configured in a panel shape.
- the lighting device can be configured in a planar shape. Since the lighting device can be made thin, it is possible to provide a space-saving lighting fixture.
- an organic EL element in which the auxiliary electrode 10 and the insulating film 11 were not provided was produced.
- a substrate in which the moisture-proof layer 1a is formed of a glass substrate was used as the translucent substrate 1. This glass substrate has a refractive index of 1.51 and a linear expansion coefficient of 32 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / ° C.
- the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 were formed on the surface of the glass substrate by coating.
- the material used for the Example and the comparative example is shown.
- Example 1 a resin containing a filler (refractive index: 1.51) is used as the material of the low bending layer 2, and a resin containing a highly refractive fine particle (refractive index: 1) is used as the material of the high bending layer 3. .82) was used.
- Example 2 a resin containing a filler (refractive index: 1.50) is used as the material of the low bending layer 2, and a resin containing a highly refractive fine particle (refractive index: 1) is used as the material of the high bending layer 3. .82) was used.
- a resin containing a filler reffractive index: 1.50
- a resin containing a highly refractive fine particle reffractive index: 1
- Example 3 a resin containing a filler (refractive index: 1.48) is used as the material of the low-flexion layer 2, and a resin containing refractive fine particles (refractive index: 1) is used as the material of the high-refractive layer 3. .68) was used.
- Comparative Example 1 a resin containing a filler (refractive index: 1.48) is used as the material of the low-flexion layer 2, and a resin containing high-refractive fine particles (refractive index: 1) is used as the material of the high-refractive layer 3. .82) was used.
- Comparative Example 2 a resin containing a filler (refractive index: 1.48) is used as the material of the low bending layer 2, and a resin containing high refractive fine particles (refractive index: 1) is used as the material of the high bending layer 3. 72) was used.
- linear expansion coefficients of the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 used in Examples and Comparative Examples are as shown in Table 1.
- the uneven structure 4 at the interface between the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 was formed by using a material containing particles as the material of the low bending layer 2.
- a substrate having a light extraction structure formed by stacking the low bending layer 2 and the high bending layer 3 was produced. Then, the 1st electrode 5, the organic light emitting layer 6, and the 2nd electrode 7 were laminated
- FIG. ITO was used as the first electrode 5. Al was used as the second electrode 7. As the sealing material 8, a glass material having a recess was used. Thereby, the organic EL element was manufactured.
- the substrate on which the light extraction structures of Examples and Comparative Examples were formed was subjected to a heat shock at 200 ° C. for 15 minutes, and the presence or absence of cracks was observed visually and with an optical microscope. The results are shown in Table 1.
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Abstract
Description
1a 防湿層
2 低屈層
3 高屈層
4 凹凸構造
5 第1電極
6 有機発光層
7 第2電極
8 封止材
9 封止内部間隙
10 補助電極
11 絶縁膜
12 溝部
13 補助配線
14 絶縁部
15 絶縁層
16 電極引き出し部
Claims (10)
- 透光性基板に、透光性を有する第1電極、有機発光層及び第2電極がこの順で設けられた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、
前記透光性基板は、前記第1電極側に防湿層を有して構成され、
前記防湿層と前記第1電極との間には、前記防湿層側から低屈層とこの低屈層よりも屈折率の高い高屈層とがこの順で設けられ、前記低屈層と前記高屈層との界面には凹凸構造が設けられており、
前記防湿層の線膨張係数をαとし、前記低屈層の線膨張係数をβとし、前記高屈層の線膨張係数をγとしたときに、
α≦β≦γ
の関係を満たしていることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。 - 前記第1電極の表面に、網目状の補助電極が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記補助電極の前記有機発光層側に、絶縁膜が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記高屈層を少なくとも分断する溝部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記溝部は、前記高屈層及び前記低屈層の両方を分断していることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記溝部は、深くなるほど幅が狭くなることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記溝部に、補助配線が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記補助配線の厚みは、前記溝部の深さ以下であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記溝部には、前記補助配線よりも前記第2電極側に、絶縁部が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記防湿層と前記低屈層との間には絶縁層が設けられ、この絶縁層の線膨張係数をσとしたときに、
α≦σ≦β≦γ
の関係を満たすことを特徴とする請求項4~9のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
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US14/418,560 US9583731B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2013-09-04 | Organic electroluminescence element |
KR1020157002487A KR20150056525A (ko) | 2012-09-13 | 2013-09-04 | 유기 전계 발광 소자 |
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- 2013-09-04 JP JP2014535363A patent/JP6226279B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-09-04 KR KR1020157002487A patent/KR20150056525A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-09-04 WO PCT/JP2013/005240 patent/WO2014041764A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-09-04 EP EP13837697.5A patent/EP2863707A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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WO2016027547A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-25 | 株式会社Joled | 表示装置および電子機器 |
JPWO2016027547A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-19 | 2017-04-27 | 株式会社Joled | 表示装置および電子機器 |
JP2016154120A (ja) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-25 | パイオニア株式会社 | 発光装置 |
KR20170124537A (ko) * | 2015-03-04 | 2017-11-10 | 에아.워타 가부시키가이샤 | 열팽창성 조정제, 열팽창성 조정제로서의 사용, 열경화성 수지 조성물, 당해 열경화성 수지 조성물을 함유하는 절연재, 봉지제 및 도전 페이스트, 당해 열경화성 수지 조성물을 경화시킨 경화물, 당해 열경화성 수지 조성물을 갖는 기판 재료, 당해 열경화성 수지 조성물을 기재에 함침시킨 프리프레그, 당해 프리프레그의 열경화성 수지 조성물을 경화시킨 부재, 열팽창율의 조정 방법, 그리고 당해 조정 방법을 사용하여 제조된 부재 |
JPWO2016139989A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-04 | 2017-12-07 | エア・ウォーター株式会社 | 熱膨張性調整剤、熱膨張性調整剤としての使用、熱硬化性樹脂組成物、当該熱硬化性樹脂組成物を含有する絶縁材、封止剤および導電ペースト、当該熱硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させた硬化物、当該熱硬化性樹脂組成物を有する基板材料、当該熱硬化性樹脂組成物を基材に含浸させたプリプレグ、当該プリプレグの熱硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させた部材、熱膨張率の調整方法、ならびに当該調整方法を用いて製造された部材 |
KR102467317B1 (ko) | 2015-03-04 | 2022-11-16 | 에아.워타 가부시키가이샤 | 열팽창성 조정제, 열팽창성 조정제로서의 사용, 열경화성 수지 조성물, 당해 열경화성 수지 조성물을 함유하는 절연재, 봉지제 및 도전 페이스트, 당해 열경화성 수지 조성물을 경화시킨 경화물, 당해 열경화성 수지 조성물을 갖는 기판 재료, 당해 열경화성 수지 조성물을 기재에 함침시킨 프리프레그, 당해 프리프레그의 열경화성 수지 조성물을 경화시킨 부재, 열팽창율의 조정 방법, 그리고 당해 조정 방법을 사용하여 제조된 부재 |
CN107180921A (zh) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-09-19 | 喜星电子株式会社 | 照明装置所包含的电致发光元件及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104509206A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
JP6226279B2 (ja) | 2017-11-08 |
US9583731B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
EP2863707A1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
EP2863707A4 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
CN104509206B (zh) | 2017-04-26 |
KR20150056525A (ko) | 2015-05-26 |
JPWO2014041764A1 (ja) | 2016-08-12 |
US20150303405A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
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