WO2014021701A1 - Device for sensing elastomechanical pulse disturbances - Google Patents

Device for sensing elastomechanical pulse disturbances Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014021701A1
WO2014021701A1 PCT/MX2012/000074 MX2012000074W WO2014021701A1 WO 2014021701 A1 WO2014021701 A1 WO 2014021701A1 MX 2012000074 W MX2012000074 W MX 2012000074W WO 2014021701 A1 WO2014021701 A1 WO 2014021701A1
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Prior art keywords
sensing
sensor
conductive
sensing unit
unit
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PCT/MX2012/000074
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Crescencio GARCÍA SEGUNDO
Asur GUADARRAMA SANTANA
Bartolomé REYES RAMIREZ
Verena Margitta MOOCK
Rosa Maria QUISPE SICCHA
Stephen MUHL SAUNDERS
Naser QURESHI
Augusto GARCIA VALENZUELA
José Guadalupe BERMÚDEZ SERVÍN
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Priority to PCT/MX2012/000074 priority Critical patent/WO2014021701A1/en
Publication of WO2014021701A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014021701A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/223—Supports, positioning or alignment in fixed situation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays

Definitions

  • the present development corresponds to the area of electronics, optoelectronics, thermoelectronics, thermomechanics, thermo-optics and / or mechatronics, specifically refers to a capacitive sensing device that bases its design on the use of pyroelectric materials and / or piezoelectric in combination with high performance electronics, having a fast response, low noise level and massive processing of information in parallel and / or multiplexing and / or sequential, whose characteristics allow it to be especially useful for detecting and / or conditioning and / or process disturbances and / or individual and / or sequential elastomechanical forces induced mechanically and / or thermally and / or by pulsed and / or modulated electromagnetic radiation.
  • the capacitive sensors have a great field of application in the formation of images from the measurement of changes in the current and / or voltage contained in the signals that it receives on its surface and that are associated with physical, chemical and / or biological phenomena .
  • US Patent No. 5,191,791 entitled “Piezoelectric Sensor” describes a capacitive sensor that uses piezoelectric materials for monitoring temperature changes that occur due to the presence of ice or water layers. The operation of said sensor bases the capacitance measurement for relatively long periods of time, of the order of milliseconds and greater and is formed by two adjacent and aligned sensitive plates on a flat surface generating a variation in the capacitance by the accumulation of water and / or the ice between the plates, where one of the plates acts as a positive electrode and the other as a negative electrode.
  • This operation depends on the accumulation of ice and / or water which makes it only useful for applications where the response speed is the range of milliseconds and greater, such as the monitoring of the aerodynamic behavior of an aircraft, so it does not It is applicable to the range of applications associated with the detection and / or conditioning and / or processing of disturbances and / or individual and / or sequential elastomechanical forces induced mechanically and / or thermally and / or by pulsed and / or modulated electromagnetic radiation.
  • US Pat. No. 7,037,268 describes a sensor configured by a low acoustic profile arrangement, configured for the selective capture of sounds from the human body; describes a non-invasive acoustic sensor for digital cardiographs, phonographs and acoustic spectrum analysis applications.
  • Said acoustic sensor comprises a central layer of an electrically resistant material, preferably of a low dielectric constant material having a thick core and a first layer of flexible material superimposed and in contact with the base layer. Additionally, it has a layer arranged opposite to the first, so that they generate a voltage difference of opposite polarity.
  • the core or central layer is composed of neoprene and the first and second flexible layers are formed from vinylidene polyfluoride or PVDF.
  • the base layer has a relative permittivity and the first flexible layer is made of material with a relative dielectric constant.
  • the relative permittivity of the first layer is less than the relative permittivity of the second layer, so that the resulting capacity of the base can be such that it is an order of magnitude smaller than that of PVDF.
  • the configuration of said device consists of a segmented arrangement without protection against external noise, thus providing a relatively low signal to noise ratio.
  • the range of applications of said sensor is defined for low frequency ultrasound, ie 10 MHz and less.
  • JP61116628 presents a matrix with positive and negative connections formed by a substrate of partially annealed pyroelectric material to form polarized areas; It is made up of small polarized areas arranged on the pyroelectric material of LiTa03 and the electrodes are arranged at the bottom.
  • a limitation of the above mentioned by said sensor is that it does not allow to differentiate the magnitude of the signal measured in each polarized sensing area, in addition it is constituted of rigid solid elements that do not allow the flexibility required for its application in dynamic anatomical or ergonomic conformations .
  • US 4,691,104 discloses a one-dimensional pyroelectric sensor comprising a base plate made of a pyroelectric material, a plurality of elements of pyroelectric material having a heat sensitive region at one free end thereof, each element being supported only at the other. end to the base plate to form a structure integrated with the base plate, and a pair of detection electrodes on the heat sensitive region of the free end of each element of the strip, which forms a complex structure both in its manufacture and in the extraction of information, which implies that in its use for the formation of images, the process of reading output signals is slow, which implies loss of information and that it is a device not suitable for high speed applications.
  • US4,532,424 mentions a set of thermal detectors which include a substrate layer with pyroelectric material connected to said substrate, a plurality of detector regions are defined in the pyroelectric layer by means of openings through the layer. A series of cavities in the surface of the substrate separates the surface detecting regions. A first and second electrode are arranged opposite to the detector or on one of the single faces in a co-planar coupling. The arrangement is attached to a signal processing device by corresponding metal contacts between the layer of pyroelectric material and the processing device. The device is a complex structure and exposed to external electrical noise.
  • the overall response of the sensor depends on the uniformity of response of each sensing region and the integrity of the support structure, as well as the accuracy in the structural conformation and distribution of the arrangement in order to provide the required thermal insulation, resulting in a process difficult to reproduce on a massive scale, in addition to restricting the number of sensing regions and therefore their viability in the imaging process is limited.
  • a sensor that has a high signal-to-noise ratio and that can be used in high-speed applications such as high resolution imaging systems, and even more so in applications where flexibility is required. , as in anatomical and / or ergonomic conformations.
  • the present invention in a general manner, describes a device and a sensor for sensing disturbances in the range of ultrasound and / or laser disturbances in spectral ranges at least from ultraviolet (wavelengths of 250 nm and greater) to infrared (wavelengths of up to 14 ⁇ ) and / or mechanical disturbances and / or thermal disturbances with sonic frequency components in the range 0.5 MHz to 100 MHz, with characteristics to image and / or form the spatial distribution map of the disturbance or pulse or impulse or other adjectival associated with the analogous physical phenomenon.
  • the device of the present invention useful for sensing pulsed elasto-mechanical disturbances, comprises a sensor; a conditioning unit; a data and / or image processing unit; and / or a graphic display unit.
  • the sensor is an array of capacitive type sensing units that are formed by a continuous layer of piezoelectric material and / or pyroelectric material for the recording of said disturbances that are interpreted electrically as electrical impulses with harmonic components of low and / or high frequency , same that express electronically as analog signals conditioned for further processing;
  • the conformation of the sensing units, as described in the present invention, is especially useful for sensing in conditions that match the principles of percolation theory, which explains the behavior of information distribution in physical phenomena that present a disorder apparent Broadbent and Hammersley 1957.
  • Figure 1. It is a perspective view of the sensing device of the present invention.
  • Figure 2.- It is a top view of the sensing device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3. It is a view of the perpendicular section of the sensing device of Figure 1 with the electronics.
  • Figure 4. It is a view of the perpendicular section of the sensing device of Figure 1 with the chassis and electronics.
  • the present invention relates to a device and a sensor for sensing pulsed disturbances of the elastomechanical type, that is to say, disturbances and / or elastomechanical forces induced mechanically and / or thermally and / or by pulsed electromagnetic radiation, consisting of an arrangement of a or more sensing units (3) for recording disturbances constituted by harmonic components of low and high frequency in the analog domain (voltage difference) and their subsequent processing by a high performance electronic unit, where the analog signals are conditioned and converted to digital signals that can be sent to a digital storage unit with logical addresses, which are compatible with an external module that allows data processing and / or display of these in a graphical display device of quantitative and / or image data.
  • pulsed disturbances of the elastomechanical type that is to say, disturbances and / or elastomechanical forces induced mechanically and / or thermally and / or by pulsed electromagnetic radiation
  • each sensing unit (3) is a layer structure formed by a negative plate (1) comprising a conductive material capable of transmitting elasto-mechanical disturbances and / or induced disturbances. by electromagnetic radiation, said negative plate (1) is operably linked with a layer of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material (2), where, in a preferred but not limited embodiment, PVDF is used. Said layer of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material (2) generates a potential difference in response to the disturbance received by the negative plate (1).
  • the sensing units (3) can have a regular or irregular shape defined or delimited by channels or insulation grooves (4), said grooves (4) can have a rectilinear or other path, depending on the distribution of the sensing units (3) as shown in figure 2, 3 and 5.
  • the function of the insulation channels or grooves (4) is to mechanically and electrically limit or isolate each sensing unit (3) with respect to the induced effects by the adjacent sensing units (3) and / or by the edges of the device (1).
  • the delimitation and isolation of the sensing units can also be obtained by using materials to dissipate or condition mechanical stress and thermal effects; These materials may be gases, such as air, nitrogen, argon or other neutral and weakly ionizable gas or any other suitable insulator.
  • gases such as air, nitrogen, argon or other neutral and weakly ionizable gas or any other suitable insulator.
  • Each sensing unit (3) is in active contact with a sensing element (5), which is a positive plate formed by a low impedance conductive material; in addition, said low impedance conductive material can have a geometric shape equal to or different from the shape of each sensing unit (3), said sensing element (5) is of equal or smaller size to said sensing unit (3) and It is thick enough to establish full electric conduction conditions and with low impedance.
  • Said sensing element (5), together with the corresponding portion of the negative plate (1), is responsible for expressing the potential difference generated by the layer of pyroelectric and / or piezoelectric material (2).
  • This potential difference is the analog output signal of each sensing unit (3), which can be conditioned, processed and stored in a solid state device, that is, a data storage and / or image processing unit (6).
  • the sensing element (5) does not come into electrical contact with other neighboring sensing elements by contact between the limits of said sensing elements (5), so To achieve electrical isolation, the sensing element (5) must not be larger than the area of the front area of the sensing unit (3).
  • Said sensing element (5) transmits the analog signal or voltage difference that is obtained from the plurality of capacitive sensing areas to the electronic unit for conditioning and processing.
  • the shapes of the sensing units (3) can have regular or irregular geometries and formed in regular and irregular arrangements, as shown in Figures 1 and 5, through the union and / or intersection of sensing units (3) in accordance with the percolation principles.
  • the sensing units (3) may have a conformational distribution in matrix, honeycomb, annular arrangements, and any other regular and / or irregular spatial configuration, preferably in accordance with the percolation principles.
  • the annular conformational distribution of the sensing units (3) is preferably a series of concentric rings of at least 1 mm in width, the radius of the central ring (r) is preferably increased according to a given regular numerical series by the expression (mr) 2 , where m is a positive integer that increases progressively, involving among other capabilities, the spherical harmonic signal sensing modality and other pseudo-random harmonic signals.
  • the layer of pyroelectric and / or piezoelectric material (2) is formed by a single piece of material on which said mechanical insulation grooves (4) can be machined or incorporated, without However, it is also feasible to construct each sensing unit (3) separately and use any other joining mechanism for the formation of the sensing device (12).
  • the thickness (D) of the layer of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material (2) is preferably within the 1: 10 ratio to the minimum length of the front area of the sensing element (5), that is to say that the length (d) of the sensing area (5) is greater than the thickness (D) as shown in Figure 3 It is important to mention that each sensing element (5), upon receipt of the stimulus, generates a series of values used for the deployment of the sensed signals that are the key to image formation or for use as a subsequent processing.
  • each of the sensing units (3) can be manipulated independently or globally;
  • each sensing element (5) is in intimate contact with an electrical contact (7), this in order to be able to transmit the analog signal or signals obtained to a conditioning unit (6).
  • each sensing element (5) to the electrical conditioning unit (6) is carried out actively by means of the electrical contact (7), which must not generate electronic noise factors or alter the electrical response properties of the layer of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material (2); said electrical contact (7) may be, but not limited to, conductive terminals in the form of conductive wires, conductive bars, conductive springs, conductive sponges, conductive polymers, conductive ceramics, conductive spheres, wire-based structures, nanostructured conductive materials, graphenes
  • a characteristic of the electrical contact (7) is that it must show an impedance factor appropriate to the amplitude and frequency of the electrical output disturbance, moreover, it must be ensured that the geometry of the end of said electrical contact (7) is suitable for its coupling to the shape of the surface of the sensing unit (3).
  • each sensing element (5) between each sensing element (5) and its adjacent neighboring sensing elements, it is due to consider a separation distance; it can be established that the spatial separation between each sensing element (5) is preferably equal to or greater than half the length or greater diameter (d) of each sensing element (5), as shown in Figure 2, 3 and 5; This is done to prevent the field lines of a sensing unit (3) sensing element (5) and / or electrical contact (7) from altering those of another or preventing the existence of an electromagnetic field induction effect.
  • Each electrical contact (7) associated with each sensing unit (3) is referred to the ground plane (9).
  • said ground plane (9) is a common ground to the negative plate (1), to the conditioning unit (6) and to the chassis (1 1) containing all the elements of the sensing device (12) with the incorporation of active protections (8).
  • the purpose of the common ground plane is to reduce the electronic noise induced by the environment or by factors external to the sensing action and reduce the parasitic currents and / or parasitic capacitances and / or edge effects when the device is in operation.
  • the electronics of the present invention must produce rapid readings and rapid electrical conditioning of the analog signal (s) coming from the electrical contacts (7), it must also perform a conversion analog / digital quickly and with a high signal to noise ratio, with a response time ramp from the order of 50 nanoseconds or faster.
  • This conditioning must perform the mass processing of the output signals in a format, either in parallel and / or sequentially and / or in multiplexing.
  • the sensitivity of the sensing unit (3) is established in terms of its electrical properties and its dimensions, such as the thickness of the pyroelectric material layer and / or piezoelectric material (2). ) and the conformation of the ground planes (9), which allows the reduction of noise levels of up to tenths of fentoAmperes and the reduction of parasitic capacitance; said sensing unit (3) can also produce a capacitance sensitivity range from tens of femto-Farads or greater.
  • the construction of the electrical conditioning unit (6) must have asymmetries in relation to the electronic structure associated with the sensor in order to reduce noise and minimize capacitance in electrical contacts (7) and therefore improve transmission of the information coming from the sensing units (3).
  • the senor may be suitable for use with other types of devices, which is included in. the scope of the present invention.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a variable-capacitance sensor device which is based on the use of pyroelectric and/or piezoelectric materials in combination with high-performance electronics, providing a rapid response, low noise and parallel and/or multiplexed and/or sequential mass processing of information, the features of which make said device especially useful for detecting and/or conditioning and/or processing individual and/or sequential elastomechanical forces and/or disturbances induced mechanically and/or thermally and/or by pulsed and/or modulated electromagnetic radiation, the operation of which in a two-dimensional arrangement (pixelated) of sensor units enables the recording of disturbances comprising low- and high-frequency, low-noise harmonics.

Description

DISPOSITIVO DE SENSADO DE PERTURBACIONES  DISTURBANCE SENSING DEVICE
PULSADAS DE TIPO ELASTOMECÁNICAS  ELASTOMECHANICAL TYPE PULSES
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
El presente desarrollo corresponde al área de la electrónica, de la optoelectrónica, termoelectrónica, termomecánica, termo-óptica y/o de la mecatrónica, específicamente se refiere a un dispositivo de sensado capacitivo que basa su diseño en el uso de materiales piroeléctricos y/o piezoeléctricos en combinación con electrónica de alto desempeño, teniendo una respuesta rápida, bajo nivel de ruido y procesamiento masivo de información en paralelo y/o multiplexado y/o secuencial, cuyas características permiten que sea especialmente útil para detectar y/o acondicionar y/o procesar perturbaciones y/o esfuerzos elastomecánicos individuales y/o secuenciales inducidos mecánicamente y/o térmicamente y/o por radiación electromagnética pulsada y/o modulada.  The present development corresponds to the area of electronics, optoelectronics, thermoelectronics, thermomechanics, thermo-optics and / or mechatronics, specifically refers to a capacitive sensing device that bases its design on the use of pyroelectric materials and / or piezoelectric in combination with high performance electronics, having a fast response, low noise level and massive processing of information in parallel and / or multiplexing and / or sequential, whose characteristics allow it to be especially useful for detecting and / or conditioning and / or process disturbances and / or individual and / or sequential elastomechanical forces induced mechanically and / or thermally and / or by pulsed and / or modulated electromagnetic radiation.
ANTECEDENTES BACKGROUND
Los sensores capacitivos tienen un gran campo de aplicación en la formación de imágenes a partir de la medición de cambios en la corriente y/o voltaje contenido en las señales que recibe en su superficie y que están asociadas a fenómenos físicos, químicos y/o biológicos.  The capacitive sensors have a great field of application in the formation of images from the measurement of changes in the current and / or voltage contained in the signals that it receives on its surface and that are associated with physical, chemical and / or biological phenomena .
En el estado de la técnica se reportan diversas invenciones relativas a sensores capacitivos y su aplicación práctica, algunas de los cuales se describen a continuación. Various inventions related to capacitive sensors and their practical application are reported in the state of the art, some of which are described below.
Sin embargo fallan en proporcionar: condiciones para un sensor de una alta relación señal a ruido y una respuesta de alta velocidad como es requerido en un alto número de aplicaciones tales como sistemas de formación de imágenes de alta resolución. La patente americana US5,191,791 de título "Sensor piezoeléctrico", describe un sensor capacitivo que utiliza materiales piezoeléctricos para el monitoreo de cambios de temperatura que se producen por la presencia de capas de hielo o agua. El funcionamiento de dicho sensor basa la medición de la capacitancia por períodos de tiempo relativamente largos, del orden de milisegundos y mayor y está formado por dos placas sensitivas contiguas y alineadas sobre una superficie plana generando una variación en la capacitancia por la acumulación de agua y/o el hielo entre las placas, donde una de las placas hace la función de electrodo positivo y la otra de electrodo negativo. Dicho funcionamiento depende de la acumulación del hielo y/o agua lo que lo hace solamente útil para aplicaciones donde la velocidad de respuesta es el rango de los milisegundos y mayor, como lo es el seguimiento del comportamiento aerodinámico de una aeronave, por lo que no es aplicable al rango de aplicaciones asociadas a la detección y/o acondicionamiento y/o procesamiento de perturbaciones y/o esfuerzos elastomecánicos individuales y/o secuenciales inducidos mecánicamente y/o térmicamente y/o por radiación electromagnética pulsada y/o modulada. However, they fail to provide: conditions for a sensor with a high signal to noise ratio and a high speed response as required in a large number of applications such as high resolution imaging systems. US Patent No. 5,191,791 entitled "Piezoelectric Sensor" describes a capacitive sensor that uses piezoelectric materials for monitoring temperature changes that occur due to the presence of ice or water layers. The operation of said sensor bases the capacitance measurement for relatively long periods of time, of the order of milliseconds and greater and is formed by two adjacent and aligned sensitive plates on a flat surface generating a variation in the capacitance by the accumulation of water and / or the ice between the plates, where one of the plates acts as a positive electrode and the other as a negative electrode. This operation depends on the accumulation of ice and / or water which makes it only useful for applications where the response speed is the range of milliseconds and greater, such as the monitoring of the aerodynamic behavior of an aircraft, so it does not It is applicable to the range of applications associated with the detection and / or conditioning and / or processing of disturbances and / or individual and / or sequential elastomechanical forces induced mechanically and / or thermally and / or by pulsed and / or modulated electromagnetic radiation.
La patente americana US7,037,268 describe un sensor configurado por un arreglo de bajo perfil acústico, configurado para la captación selectiva de sonidos provenientes del cuerpo humano; describe un sensor acústico no invasivo para cardiografías digitales, fonografías y aplicaciones de análisis de espectros acústicos. Dicho sensor acústico comprende una capa central de un material resistente eléctricamente, preferiblemente de un material de baja constante dieléctrica que tiene un núcleo grueso y una primera capa de material flexible superpuesta y en contacto con la capa de base. Adicionalmente cuenta con una capa dispuesta de forma opuesta a la primera, de tal modo de que éstas generan una diferencia de voltaje de polaridad opuesta. En una de sus modalidades, el núcleo o capa central se compone de neopreno y la primera y segunda capas flexibles se forma a partir polifluoruro de vinilideno o PVDF. Asimismo, preferentemente, la capa base tiene una permitividad relativa y la primera capa flexible es de material con una constante dieléctrica relativa. La permitividad relativa de la primer capa es menor que la permitividad relativa de la segunda, de tal modo de que la capacidad resultante de la base puede ser tal que se trata de un orden de magnitud menor que el de PVDF. La configuración de dicho dispositivo consiste de un arreglo segmentado y sin protección contra ruido externo por lo que proporciona una relación señal a ruido relativamente baja. El rango de aplicaciones de dicho sensor está definido para ultrasonido de baja frecuencia, es decir de 10 MHz y menor. US Pat. No. 7,037,268 describes a sensor configured by a low acoustic profile arrangement, configured for the selective capture of sounds from the human body; describes a non-invasive acoustic sensor for digital cardiographs, phonographs and acoustic spectrum analysis applications. Said acoustic sensor comprises a central layer of an electrically resistant material, preferably of a low dielectric constant material having a thick core and a first layer of flexible material superimposed and in contact with the base layer. Additionally, it has a layer arranged opposite to the first, so that they generate a voltage difference of opposite polarity. In one of its embodiments, the core or central layer is composed of neoprene and the first and second flexible layers are formed from vinylidene polyfluoride or PVDF. Likewise, preferably, the base layer has a relative permittivity and the first flexible layer is made of material with a relative dielectric constant. The relative permittivity of the first layer is less than the relative permittivity of the second layer, so that the resulting capacity of the base can be such that it is an order of magnitude smaller than that of PVDF. The configuration of said device consists of a segmented arrangement without protection against external noise, thus providing a relatively low signal to noise ratio. The range of applications of said sensor is defined for low frequency ultrasound, ie 10 MHz and less.
La patente JP61116628 presenta una matriz con conexiones positivas y negativas formada por un sustrato de material piroeléctrico recocido parcialmente para formar áreas de polarizado; se conforma de pequeñas áreas polarizadas dispuestas sobre el material piroeléctrico de LiTa03 y los electrodos son dispuestos en la parte inferior. Una limitación de dicho que presenta dicho sensor es que no permite diferenciar la magnitud de la señal medida en cada área de sensado polarizada, además que está constituido de elementos sólidos rígidos que no le permiten la flexibilidad requerida para su aplicación en conformaciones anatómicas o ergonómicas dinámicas. JP61116628 presents a matrix with positive and negative connections formed by a substrate of partially annealed pyroelectric material to form polarized areas; It is made up of small polarized areas arranged on the pyroelectric material of LiTa03 and the electrodes are arranged at the bottom. A limitation of the above mentioned by said sensor is that it does not allow to differentiate the magnitude of the signal measured in each polarized sensing area, in addition it is constituted of rigid solid elements that do not allow the flexibility required for its application in dynamic anatomical or ergonomic conformations .
La patente US4,691,104 describe un sensor piroeléctrico unidimensional que comprende una placa base hecha de un material piroeléctrico, una pluralidad de elementos de material piroeléctrico que tiene una región sensible al calor en un extremo libre del mismo, siendo cada elemento apoyado sólo en el otro extremo a la placa base para formar una estructura integrada con la placa base, y un par de electrodos de detección sobre la región sensible al calor del extremo libre de cada elemento de la tira, lo cual conforma una estructura compleja tanto en su fabricación como en la extracción de información, lo cual implica que en su uso para la formación de imágenes, el proceso de lectura de señales de salida sea lento, lo que implica pérdida de información y que sea un dispositivo no apto para aplicaciones de alta velocidad. US 4,691,104 discloses a one-dimensional pyroelectric sensor comprising a base plate made of a pyroelectric material, a plurality of elements of pyroelectric material having a heat sensitive region at one free end thereof, each element being supported only at the other. end to the base plate to form a structure integrated with the base plate, and a pair of detection electrodes on the heat sensitive region of the free end of each element of the strip, which forms a complex structure both in its manufacture and in the extraction of information, which implies that in its use for the formation of images, the process of reading output signals is slow, which implies loss of information and that it is a device not suitable for high speed applications.
La patente US4,532,424 menciona un conjunto de detectores térmicos los cuales incluyen una capa de sustrato con material piroeléctrico conectado a dicho sustrato, una pluralidad de regiones detectoras son definidas en la capa piroeléctrica por medio de aperturas a través de la capa. Una serie de cavidades en la superficie del sustrato separa las regiones detectoras de la superficie. Un primer y segundo electrodo son dispuestos de forma opuesta a al detector o en una de las caras sencillas en un acoplamiento co-planar. El arreglo es unido a un dispositivo de procesamiento de señal mediante correspondientes contactos metálicos entre la capa de material piroeléctrico y el dispositivo de procesamiento. El dispositivo es una estructura compleja y expuesta al ruido eléctrico externo. La respuesta global del sensor depende de la uniformidad de respuesta de cada región de sensado y de la integridad de la estructura de soporte, así como de la precisión en la conformación estructural y en la distribución del arreglo a fin de proporcionar el aislamiento térmico requerido, resultando en un proceso difícil de reproducir a escala masiva, además de que restringe el número de regiones de sensado y por lo tanto su viabilidad en el proceso de formación de imágenes es limitada. US4,532,424 mentions a set of thermal detectors which include a substrate layer with pyroelectric material connected to said substrate, a plurality of detector regions are defined in the pyroelectric layer by means of openings through the layer. A series of cavities in the surface of the substrate separates the surface detecting regions. A first and second electrode are arranged opposite to the detector or on one of the single faces in a co-planar coupling. The arrangement is attached to a signal processing device by corresponding metal contacts between the layer of pyroelectric material and the processing device. The device is a complex structure and exposed to external electrical noise. The overall response of the sensor depends on the uniformity of response of each sensing region and the integrity of the support structure, as well as the accuracy in the structural conformation and distribution of the arrangement in order to provide the required thermal insulation, resulting in a process difficult to reproduce on a massive scale, in addition to restricting the number of sensing regions and therefore their viability in the imaging process is limited.
Como se puede observar, es deseable contar con un sensor que presente alta relación señal a ruido y que pueda utilizarse en aplicaciones de alta velocidad tales como los sistemas para la formación de imágenes de alta resolución, y más aún, en aplicaciones donde se requiera flexibilidad, como en conformaciones anatómicas y/o ergonómicas. As can be seen, it is desirable to have a sensor that has a high signal-to-noise ratio and that can be used in high-speed applications such as high resolution imaging systems, and even more so in applications where flexibility is required. , as in anatomical and / or ergonomic conformations.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención, de mañera general, describe un dispositivo y un sensor para el sensado de perturbaciones en el rango del ultrasonido y/o perturbaciones láser en rangos espectrales al menos desde el ultravioleta (longitudes de onda de 250 nm y mayor) al infrarrojo (longitudes de onda de hasta 14 μπι) y/o perturbaciones mecánicas y/o perturbaciones térmicas con componentes en frecuencia sónica en el rango 0.5 MHz hasta 100 MHz, con características para formar imagen y/o formar el mapa de distribución espacial de la perturbación o pulso o impulso u otra adjetivación asociada al fenómeno físico análogo. El dispositivo de la presente invención, útil para sensar perturbaciones pulsadas de tipo elasto-mecánicas, comprende un sensor; una unidad de acondicionamiento; una unidad de procesamiento de datos y/o imágenes; y/o una unidad de despliegue gráfico. El sensor es un arreglo de unidades de sensado de tipo capacitivo que son conformados por una capa continuo de material piezoeléctrico y/ o material piroeléctrico para el registro de dichas perturbaciones que son interpretadas eléctricamente como impulsos eléctricos con componentes armónicas de baja y/o alta frecuencia, mismas que expresan electrónicamente como señales analógicas acondicionadas para su posterior procesamiento; la conformación de las unidades de sensado, como se describe en la presente invención, es especialmente útil para sensar en condiciones que empatan con los principios de la teoría de percolación, la cual explica el comportamiento de distribución de información en fenómenos físicos que presentan un desorden aparente Broadbent y Hammersley 1957. The present invention, in a general manner, describes a device and a sensor for sensing disturbances in the range of ultrasound and / or laser disturbances in spectral ranges at least from ultraviolet (wavelengths of 250 nm and greater) to infrared (wavelengths of up to 14 μπι) and / or mechanical disturbances and / or thermal disturbances with sonic frequency components in the range 0.5 MHz to 100 MHz, with characteristics to image and / or form the spatial distribution map of the disturbance or pulse or impulse or other adjectival associated with the analogous physical phenomenon. The device of the present invention, useful for sensing pulsed elasto-mechanical disturbances, comprises a sensor; a conditioning unit; a data and / or image processing unit; and / or a graphic display unit. The sensor is an array of capacitive type sensing units that are formed by a continuous layer of piezoelectric material and / or pyroelectric material for the recording of said disturbances that are interpreted electrically as electrical impulses with harmonic components of low and / or high frequency , same that express electronically as analog signals conditioned for further processing; The conformation of the sensing units, as described in the present invention, is especially useful for sensing in conditions that match the principles of percolation theory, which explains the behavior of information distribution in physical phenomena that present a disorder apparent Broadbent and Hammersley 1957.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figura 1.- Es una vista en perspectiva del dispositivo de sensado de la presente invención.  Figure 1.- It is a perspective view of the sensing device of the present invention.
Figura 2.- Es una vista superior del dispositivo de sensado de la presente invención.  Figure 2.- It is a top view of the sensing device of the present invention.
Figura 3.- Es una vista del corte perpendicular del dispositivo de sensado de la Figura 1 con la electrónica.  Figure 3.- It is a view of the perpendicular section of the sensing device of Figure 1 with the electronics.
Figura 4.- Es una vista del corte perpendicular del dispositivo de sensado de la Figura 1 con el chasis y electrónica.  Figure 4.- It is a view of the perpendicular section of the sensing device of Figure 1 with the chassis and electronics.
Figura 5.- Vista superior de dispositivo de sensado en arreglo de percolación. DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN Figure 5.- Top view of sensing device in percolation arrangement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere un dispositivo y a un sensor para el sensado de perturbaciones pulsadas de tipo elastomecánicas, es decir, perturbaciones y/o esfuerzos elastomecánicos inducidos mecánicamente y/o térmicamente y/o por radiación electromagnética pulsada, que consiste de un arreglo de una o más unidades de sensado (3) para el registro de las perturbaciones constituidas por componentes armónicos de baja y alta frecuencia en el dominio analógico (diferencia de voltaje) y su posterior procesamiento por una unidad electrónica de alto desempeño, donde las señales analógicas son acondicionadas y convertidas a señales digitales que pueden ser enviadas a una unidad de almacenamiento digital con direcciones lógicas, con lo cual son compatibles con un módulo externo que permita el procesamiento de datos y/o la visualización de éstos en un dispositivo de despliegue de gráficos en forma de datos cuantitativos y/o de imagen.  The present invention relates to a device and a sensor for sensing pulsed disturbances of the elastomechanical type, that is to say, disturbances and / or elastomechanical forces induced mechanically and / or thermally and / or by pulsed electromagnetic radiation, consisting of an arrangement of a or more sensing units (3) for recording disturbances constituted by harmonic components of low and high frequency in the analog domain (voltage difference) and their subsequent processing by a high performance electronic unit, where the analog signals are conditioned and converted to digital signals that can be sent to a digital storage unit with logical addresses, which are compatible with an external module that allows data processing and / or display of these in a graphical display device of quantitative and / or image data.
Como se puede apreciar en las Figuras 1 y 2, cada unidad de sensado (3) es una estructura de capas conformada por una placa negativa (1) que comprende un material conductor capaz de transmitir las perturbaciones elasto-mecánicas y/o las perturbaciones inducidas por radiación electromagnética, dicha placa negativa (1) está unida de manera operante con una capa de material piroeléctrico y/o material piezoeléctrico (2), donde, en una modalidad preferente pero no limitada, se utiliza PVDF. Dicha capa de material piroeléctrico y/o material piezoeléctrico (2) genera una diferencia de potencial como respuesta a la perturbación recibida por la placa negativa (1). As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, each sensing unit (3) is a layer structure formed by a negative plate (1) comprising a conductive material capable of transmitting elasto-mechanical disturbances and / or induced disturbances. by electromagnetic radiation, said negative plate (1) is operably linked with a layer of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material (2), where, in a preferred but not limited embodiment, PVDF is used. Said layer of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material (2) generates a potential difference in response to the disturbance received by the negative plate (1).
Las unidades de sensado (3) pueden tener una forma regular o irregular definidas o delimitadas por canales o surcos de aislamiento (4), dichos surcos (4) puede presentar un trazado rectilíneo u otro, dependiendo de la distribución de las unidades de sensado (3) como se muestra en la figura 2, 3 y 5. La función de los canales o surcos de aislamiento (4) es limitar o aislar mecánicamente y eléctricamente cada unidad de sensado (3) con respecto a los efectos inducidos por las unidades de sensado (3) contiguas y/o por los bordes del dispositivo (1). The sensing units (3) can have a regular or irregular shape defined or delimited by channels or insulation grooves (4), said grooves (4) can have a rectilinear or other path, depending on the distribution of the sensing units (3) as shown in figure 2, 3 and 5. The function of the insulation channels or grooves (4) is to mechanically and electrically limit or isolate each sensing unit (3) with respect to the induced effects by the adjacent sensing units (3) and / or by the edges of the device (1).
De hecho, la delimitación y aislamiento de las unidades de sensado puede también obtenerse mediante el uso de materiales para disipar o acondicionar efectos de esfuerzos mecánicos y efectos térmicos; estos materiales pueden ser gases, tales como aire, nitrógeno, argón u otro gas neutro y débilmente ionizable o cualquier otro aislante conveniente. En cualquier caso, con dichos surcos (4) sobre el material piroeléctrico y/o sobre la capa material piezoeléctrico, la presencia de capacitancias parásitas entre las unidades de sensado (3) y/o el borde del dispositivo (1) puede ser evitada. In fact, the delimitation and isolation of the sensing units can also be obtained by using materials to dissipate or condition mechanical stress and thermal effects; These materials may be gases, such as air, nitrogen, argon or other neutral and weakly ionizable gas or any other suitable insulator. In any case, with said grooves (4) on the pyroelectric material and / or on the piezoelectric material layer, the presence of parasitic capacitances between the sensing units (3) and / or the edge of the device (1) can be avoided.
Cada unidad de sensado (3) está en contacto activo con un elemento de sensado (5), que es una placa positiva conformada por un material conductor de baja impedancia,; además, dicho material conductor de baja impedancia puede tener una forma geométrica igual o diferente a la forma de cada unidad de sensado (3), dicho elemento de sensado (5) es de tamaño igual o menor a dicha unidad de sensado (3) y tiene un espesor suficiente para establecer condiciones de conducción eléctrica plena y con baja impedancia. Dicho elemento de sensado (5), en conjunto con la porción correspondiente de la placa negativa (1), es la encargada de expresar la diferencia de potencial generada por la capa de material piroeléctrico y/o piezoeléctrico (2). Esta diferencia de potencial es la señal de salida analógica de cada unidad de sensado (3), la cual puede ser acondicionada, procesada y almacenada en un dispositivo de estado sólido, es decir, una unidad de almacenamiento de datos y/o procesamiento de imágenes (6). El elemento de sensado (5) no entra en contacto eléctrico con otros elementos de sensado vecinos mediante contacto entre los límites de dichos elementos de sensado (5), así que para lograr el aislamiento eléctrico, el elemento de sensado (5) no debe ser mas grande que el área el área frontal de la unidad de sensado (3). Each sensing unit (3) is in active contact with a sensing element (5), which is a positive plate formed by a low impedance conductive material; in addition, said low impedance conductive material can have a geometric shape equal to or different from the shape of each sensing unit (3), said sensing element (5) is of equal or smaller size to said sensing unit (3) and It is thick enough to establish full electric conduction conditions and with low impedance. Said sensing element (5), together with the corresponding portion of the negative plate (1), is responsible for expressing the potential difference generated by the layer of pyroelectric and / or piezoelectric material (2). This potential difference is the analog output signal of each sensing unit (3), which can be conditioned, processed and stored in a solid state device, that is, a data storage and / or image processing unit (6). The sensing element (5) does not come into electrical contact with other neighboring sensing elements by contact between the limits of said sensing elements (5), so To achieve electrical isolation, the sensing element (5) must not be larger than the area of the front area of the sensing unit (3).
Dicho elemento de sensado (5) transmite la señal analógica o diferencia de voltaje que se obtiene de la pluralidad de áreas de sensado capacitivo hacia la unidad electrónica para su acondicionamiento y procesamiento. Said sensing element (5) transmits the analog signal or voltage difference that is obtained from the plurality of capacitive sensing areas to the electronic unit for conditioning and processing.
Las formas de las unidades de sensado (3) puede tener geometrías regulares o irregulares y conformadas en arreglos regulares e irregulares, como se muestra en las figuras 1 y 5, a través de la unión y/o intersección de unidades de sensado (3) en concordancia con los principios de percolación. Además, las unidades de sensado (3) pueden presentar una distribución conformacional en arreglos matricial, de panal, anular, y cualquier otra configuración espacial regular y/o irregular, preferentemente en concordancia con los principios de percolación. En una modalidad, la distribución conformacional anular de las unidades de sensado (3) es preferentemente una serie de anillos concéntricos de al menos 1 mm de anchura, el radio del anillo central (r) se incrementa preferentemente de acuerdo a una serie numérica regular dada por la expresión (mr)2, donde m es un número entero positivo que se incrementa progresivamente, implicando entreo otras capacidades, la modalidad de sensado de señales armónicas esféricas y otras señales armónicas pseudoaleatorias. The shapes of the sensing units (3) can have regular or irregular geometries and formed in regular and irregular arrangements, as shown in Figures 1 and 5, through the union and / or intersection of sensing units (3) in accordance with the percolation principles. In addition, the sensing units (3) may have a conformational distribution in matrix, honeycomb, annular arrangements, and any other regular and / or irregular spatial configuration, preferably in accordance with the percolation principles. In one embodiment, the annular conformational distribution of the sensing units (3) is preferably a series of concentric rings of at least 1 mm in width, the radius of the central ring (r) is preferably increased according to a given regular numerical series by the expression (mr) 2 , where m is a positive integer that increases progressively, involving among other capabilities, the spherical harmonic signal sensing modality and other pseudo-random harmonic signals.
Es de apreciarse, que una modalidad de la presente invención, la capa de material piroeléctrico y/o piezoeléctrico (2) es formada por una sola pieza de material sobre la que dichos surcos de aislamiento mecánico (4) pueden ser maquinados o incorporados, sin embargo también es factible construir cada unidad de sensado (3) por separado y utilizar cualquier otro mecanismo de unión para la formación del dispositivo de sensado (12).  It is to be appreciated that one embodiment of the present invention, the layer of pyroelectric and / or piezoelectric material (2) is formed by a single piece of material on which said mechanical insulation grooves (4) can be machined or incorporated, without However, it is also feasible to construct each sensing unit (3) separately and use any other joining mechanism for the formation of the sensing device (12).
En una modalidad de la presente invención, el espesor (D) de la capa de material piroeléctrico y/o material piezoeléctrico (2) es preferentemente dentro de la relación 1 : 10 respecto a la longitud mínima del área frontal del elemento de sensado (5), es decir que la longitud (d) del área de sensado (5) es mayor que el espesor (D) como se muestra en la Figura 3. Es importante mencionar que cada elemento de sensado (5), ante la recepción del estímulo, genera una serie de valores usada para el despliegue de las señales sensadas que sobre el procesamiento posterior son la clave para la formación de imágenes o para el uso como datos cuantitativo y/o cualitativo, donde cada una de las unidades de sensado (3) puede ser manipulada de manera independiente o bien de manera global; además, cada elemento de sensado (5) se encuentra en íntimo contacto con un contacto eléctrico (7), esto con el objetivo de poder transmitir la señal o señales analógicas obtenidas hacia una unidad de acondicionamiento (6). In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness (D) of the layer of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material (2) is preferably within the 1: 10 ratio to the minimum length of the front area of the sensing element (5), that is to say that the length (d) of the sensing area (5) is greater than the thickness (D) as shown in Figure 3 It is important to mention that each sensing element (5), upon receipt of the stimulus, generates a series of values used for the deployment of the sensed signals that are the key to image formation or for use as a subsequent processing. quantitative and / or qualitative data, where each of the sensing units (3) can be manipulated independently or globally; In addition, each sensing element (5) is in intimate contact with an electrical contact (7), this in order to be able to transmit the analog signal or signals obtained to a conditioning unit (6).
Es importante mencionar que la conexión de cada elemento de sensado (5) a la unidad de acondicionamiento eléctrico (6), se realiza de manera activa por medio del contacto eléctrico (7), el cual no debe generar factores de ruido electrónico ni alterar las propiedades de respuesta eléctrica de la capa de material piroeléctrico y/o de material piezoeléctrico (2); dicho contacto eléctrico (7) puede ser, pero no limitada a, terminales conductoras en forma de alambres conductores, barras conductoras, resortes conductores, esponjas conductoras, polímeros conductores, cerámicas conductoras, esferas conductoras, estructuras a base de alambres, materiales conductores nanoestructurados, grafenos. It is important to mention that the connection of each sensing element (5) to the electrical conditioning unit (6) is carried out actively by means of the electrical contact (7), which must not generate electronic noise factors or alter the electrical response properties of the layer of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material (2); said electrical contact (7) may be, but not limited to, conductive terminals in the form of conductive wires, conductive bars, conductive springs, conductive sponges, conductive polymers, conductive ceramics, conductive spheres, wire-based structures, nanostructured conductive materials, graphenes
Una característica del contacto eléctrico (7) es que debe mostrar un factor de impedancia apropiado a la amplitud y frecuencia de la perturbación eléctrica de salida, más aún, debe de asegurarse que la geometría del extremo de dicho contacto eléctrico (7) sea adecuada para su acoplamiento a la forma de la superficie de la unidad de sensado (3).  A characteristic of the electrical contact (7) is that it must show an impedance factor appropriate to the amplitude and frequency of the electrical output disturbance, moreover, it must be ensured that the geometry of the end of said electrical contact (7) is suitable for its coupling to the shape of the surface of the sensing unit (3).
En una de las modalidades del dispositivo de sensado (12), entre cada elemento de sensado (5) y sus elementos de sensado vecinos contiguos, se debe de considerar una distancia de separación; se puede establecer que la separación espacial entre cada elemento de sensado (5) sea preferentemente igual o mayor a la mitad de la longitud o diámetro mayor (d) de cada elemento de sensado (5), como se muestra en la figura 2, 3 y 5; esto se hace para evitar que las líneas de campo de una unidad de sensado (3) elemento de sensado (5) y/o contacto eléctrico (7)alteren a las de otro o prevenir la existencia de un efecto de inducción de campo electromagnético. In one of the modalities of the sensing device (12), between each sensing element (5) and its adjacent neighboring sensing elements, it is due to consider a separation distance; it can be established that the spatial separation between each sensing element (5) is preferably equal to or greater than half the length or greater diameter (d) of each sensing element (5), as shown in Figure 2, 3 and 5; This is done to prevent the field lines of a sensing unit (3) sensing element (5) and / or electrical contact (7) from altering those of another or preventing the existence of an electromagnetic field induction effect.
Cada contacto eléctrico (7) asociado a cada unidad de sensado (3) está referido al plano de tierra (9). Each electrical contact (7) associated with each sensing unit (3) is referred to the ground plane (9).
Adicionalmente, en una modalidad de la presente invención, dicho plano de tierra (9) es una tierra común a la placa negativa (1), a la unidad de acondicionamiento (6) y al chasis (1 1) que contiene todos los elementos del dispositivo de sensado (12) con la incorporación de protecciones activas (8). El propósito de el plano de tierra común es reducir el ruido electrónico inducido por el ambiente o por factores externos a la acción de sensado y reducir las corrientes parásitas y/o capacitancias parásitas y/o efectos de borde cuando el dispositivo esté en funcionamiento. Additionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, said ground plane (9) is a common ground to the negative plate (1), to the conditioning unit (6) and to the chassis (1 1) containing all the elements of the sensing device (12) with the incorporation of active protections (8). The purpose of the common ground plane is to reduce the electronic noise induced by the environment or by factors external to the sensing action and reduce the parasitic currents and / or parasitic capacitances and / or edge effects when the device is in operation.
Para lograr una buena lectura de las señales, la electrónica de la presente invención debe producir lecturas rápidas y acondicionamiento eléctrico rápido de la(s) señal(es) analógica(s) provenientes de los contactos eléctricos (7), también debe realizar una conversión analógica/digital en forma rápida y con una alta relación señal a ruido, con una rampa de tiempo de respuesta desde el orden de 50 nanosegundos o más rápida. To achieve a good reading of the signals, the electronics of the present invention must produce rapid readings and rapid electrical conditioning of the analog signal (s) coming from the electrical contacts (7), it must also perform a conversion analog / digital quickly and with a high signal to noise ratio, with a response time ramp from the order of 50 nanoseconds or faster.
Este acondicionamiento debe realizar el procesamiento masivo de las señales de salida en un formato, ya sea, en paralelo y/o en forma secuencial y/o en multiplexado. Otra de las características de la presente invención es que la sensibilidad de la unidad de sensado (3) se establece en términos a partir de sus propiedades eléctricas y sus dimensiones, tales como el espesor la capa de material piroeléctrico y/o material piezoeléctrico (2) y de la conformación de los planos de tierra (9), lo que permite la reducción de los niveles de ruido de hasta decimas de fentoAmperes y la reducción de capacitancia parásita; dicha unidad de sensado (3) puede también producir un rango de sensibilidad en capacitancia desde decenas de femto-Faradios o mayores. This conditioning must perform the mass processing of the output signals in a format, either in parallel and / or sequentially and / or in multiplexing. Another feature of the present invention is that the sensitivity of the sensing unit (3) is established in terms of its electrical properties and its dimensions, such as the thickness of the pyroelectric material layer and / or piezoelectric material (2). ) and the conformation of the ground planes (9), which allows the reduction of noise levels of up to tenths of fentoAmperes and the reduction of parasitic capacitance; said sensing unit (3) can also produce a capacitance sensitivity range from tens of femto-Farads or greater.
Finalmente, la construcción de la unidad eléctrica de acondicionamiento (6) debe presentar asimetrías en relación a la estructura electrónica asociada con el sensor con el propósito de reducir el ruido y minimizar la capacitancia en los contactos eléctricos (7) y por ende mejorar la transmisión de la información proveniente de las unidades de sensado (3). Finally, the construction of the electrical conditioning unit (6) must have asymmetries in relation to the electronic structure associated with the sensor in order to reduce noise and minimize capacitance in electrical contacts (7) and therefore improve transmission of the information coming from the sensing units (3).
Como puede deducirse a partir de la invención aquí descrita, el sensor puede ser adecuado para su uso con otro tipo de dispositivos, que está incluido en. el alcance de la presente invención.  As can be deduced from the invention described herein, the sensor may be suitable for use with other types of devices, which is included in. the scope of the present invention.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un dispositivo de sensado de perturbaciones electromagnéticas pulsadas y de tipo mecánicas, que comprende: un sensor, una unidad de acondicionamiento; una unidad de procesamiento de datos y/o imágenes; y/o una unidad de despliegue de gráficos, donde dicho sensor comprende una o más unidades de sensado conformadas por una estructura de capas acopladas activamente definida por una placa eléctricamente negativa; una capa hecha de material piroeléctrico y/o material piezoeléctrico y una placa positiva; cada unidad de sensado es definida por uno o más surcos. 1. A sensing device for pulsed and mechanical electromagnetic disturbances, comprising: a sensor, a conditioning unit; a data and / or image processing unit; and / or a graphics display unit, wherein said sensor comprises one or more sensing units formed by a structure of actively coupled layers defined by an electrically negative plate; a layer made of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material and a positive plate; Each sensing unit is defined by one or more grooves.
2. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 1 , donde la placa positiva es un elemento de sensado que está determinado por el área de un material conductor de baja impedancia. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the positive plate is a sensing element that is determined by the area of a low impedance conductive material.
3. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 2, donde dicho material conductor de baja impedancia tiene una forma geométrica igual o diferente a la forma de dicha unidad de sensado. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein said low impedance conductive material has a geometric shape equal to or different from the shape of said sensing unit.
4. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 2, donde el área de dicho elemento de sensado está contenido dentro de la unidad de sensado siendo el área del elemento de sensado igual o menor que el área de la unidad de sensado. 4. The device of claim 2, wherein the area of said sensing element is contained within the sensing unit, the area of the sensing element being equal to or less than the area of the sensing unit.
5. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 1 , donde dicha unidad de sensado tienen una figura geométrica regular. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein said sensing unit has a regular geometric figure.
6. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 1, donde dicha unidad de sensado tienen una figura geométrica irregular. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein said sensing unit has an irregular geometric figure.
7. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 1 , donde dichas unidades de sensado están distribuidas en cualquier configuración espacial regular o irregular siguiendo los principios de percolación y manteniendo la relación entre las áreas de sensado. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein said sensing units are distributed in any regular or irregular spatial configuration following the percolation principles and maintaining the relationship between the sensing areas.
8. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 7, donde dicha configuración espacial es una distribución conformacional en arreglos matricial, panal, anular o anular. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein said spatial configuration is a conformational distribution in matrix, honeycomb, annular or annular arrangements.
9. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 8, donde dicha distribución conformacional anular es preferentemente una serie de anillos concéntricos con el radio (r) del anillo central preferentemente se incrementa según una serie numérica regular dada por la expresión (mr)2, donde m es un número entero positivo que se incrementa monotónicamente. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein said annular conformational distribution is preferably a series of concentric rings with the radius (r) of the central ring is preferably increased according to a regular numerical series given by the expression (mr) 2 , where m is a positive integer that increases monotonically.
10. El dispositivo de la reivindicación l, donde dicho contacto eléctrico entre cada unidad de sensado con su correspondiente unidad de acondicionamiento eléctrico es del tipo activo. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein said electrical contact between each sensing unit with its corresponding electrical conditioning unit is of the active type.
1 1. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 10, donde dicho contacto eléctrico no genera factores de ruido eléctrico y no altera las propiedades de la capa de material piroeléctrico y/o material piezoeléctrico de baja impedancia.  The device of claim 10, wherein said electrical contact does not generate electrical noise factors and does not alter the properties of the layer of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material of low impedance.
12. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 10, donde dicho contacto eléctrico activo comprende terminales conductoras en forma de alambres conductores, barras conductoras, resortes conductores, esponjas conductoras, polímeros conductores, cerámicas conductoras, esferas conductoras, estructuras a base de alambres conductores, materiales conductores nanoestructurados, grafenos. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein said active electrical contact comprises conductive terminals in the form of conductive wires, conductive bars, conductive springs, conductive sponges, conductive polymers, conductive ceramics, conductive spheres, conductive wire-based structures, conductive materials nanostructured, graphenes.
13. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque la geometría de dicho contacto activo es adecuada para su acoplamiento a la forma de la superficie de la unidad de sensado. 13. The device of claim 10, characterized in that the geometry of said active contact is suitable for coupling to the shape of the surface of the sensing unit.
14. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque la condición de cada contacto activo es de baja impedancia, apropiado a la amplitud y frecuencia de la perturbación eléctrica de salida. 14. The device of claim 10, characterized in that the condition of each active contact is of low impedance, appropriate to the amplitude and frequency of the electrical output disturbance.
15. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 14, caracterizado porque dicho contacto eléctrico tiene una rampa de respuesta en tiempo de 20 nanosegundos o menor. 15. The device of claim 14, characterized in that said electrical contact has a time response ramp of 20 nanoseconds or less.
16. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque la información recolectada en cada una de las unidades de sensado puede ser manipulada de manera independiente o bien de manera conjunta para la generación de datos y/o para la formación de imágenes con valor cualitativo y/o cuantitativo mediante técnicas de procesamiento masivo de las señales de salida en formato de secuencias. 16. The device of claim 1, characterized in that the information collected in each of the sensing units can be manipulated independently or together for the generation of data and / or for the formation of images with qualitative value and / or quantitative through mass processing techniques of the output signals in sequence format.
17. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 16, donde formato de secuencias de procesamiento de las señales de salida es en paralelo. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the processing sequence format of the output signals is in parallel.
18. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 16, donde formato de secuencias de procesamiento de las señales de salida es forma secuencial. 18. The device of claim 16, wherein the processing sequence format of the output signals is sequential.
19. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 16, donde formato de secuencias de procesamiento de las señales de salida es en multiplexado. 19. The device of claim 16, wherein the processing sequence format of the output signals is multiplexed.
20. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 1 , donde dicho dispositivo además comprende planos de tierra activos. 20. The device of claim 1, wherein said device further comprises active ground planes.
21. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 20, donde dichos planos de tierra activos están conectados a la placa negativa, a la capa de material piroeléctrico y/o material piezoeléctrico, a la placa positiva y al chasis. 21. The device of claim 20, wherein said active ground planes are connected to the negative plate, the layer of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material, the positive plate and the chassis.
22. El dispositivo de la reivindicación 1 , donde dicha unidad de acondicionamiento presenta asimetrías en la estructura electrónica asociada al sensor para reducir el ruido y reducir capacitancia en los contactos eléctricos y mejorar la transmisión de la información proveniente de las unidades de sensado. 22. The device of claim 1, wherein said conditioning unit has asymmetries in the electronic structure associated with the sensor to reduce noise and reduce capacitance in electrical contacts and improve the transmission of information from sensing units.
23. Un sensor de perturbaciones electromagnéticas pulsadas y de tipo mecánicas, que comprende: una o más unidades de sensado conformadas por una estructura de capas acopladas activamente definida por una placa eléctricamente negativa; una capa hecha de material piroeléctrico y/o material piezoeléctrico y una placa positiva; cada unidad de sensado es definida por uno o más surcos. 23. A sensor of pulsed and mechanical electromagnetic disturbances, comprising: one or more sensing units formed by a structure of actively coupled layers defined by an electrically negative plate; a layer made of pyroelectric material and / or piezoelectric material and a positive plate; Each sensing unit is defined by one or more grooves.
24. El sensor de la reivindicación 23, donde la placa positiva es un elemento de sensado que está determinado por el área de un material conductor de baja impedancia. 24. The sensor of claim 23, wherein the positive plate is a sensing element that is determined by the area of a low impedance conductive material.
25. El sensor de la reivindicación 24, donde dicho material conductor de baja impedancia tiene una forma geométrica igual o diferente a la forma de dicha unidad de sensado. 25. The sensor of claim 24, wherein said low impedance conductive material has a geometric shape equal to or different from the shape of said sensing unit.
26. El sensor de la reivindicación 24, donde el área de dicho elemento de sensado es igual o menor que el área de la unidad de sensado. 26. The sensor of claim 24, wherein the area of said sensing element is equal to or less than the area of the sensing unit.
27. El sensor de la reivindicación 23, donde dicha unidad de sensado tienen una figura geométrica regular. 27. The sensor of claim 23, wherein said sensing unit has a regular geometric figure.
28. El sensor de la reivindicación 23, donde dicha unidad de sensado tienen una figura geométrica irregular. 28. The sensor of claim 23, wherein said sensing unit has an irregular geometric figure.
29. El sensor de la reivindicación 23, donde dichas unidades de sensado están distribuidas en cualquier configuración espacial regular o irregular siguiendo los principios de percolación y manteniendo la relación entre las áreas de sensado. 29. The sensor of claim 23, wherein said sensing units are distributed in any regular or irregular spatial configuration following the percolation principles and maintaining the relationship between the sensing areas.
30. El sensor de la reivindicación 29, donde dicha configuración espacial es una distribución conformacional en arreglos matricial, panal, anular o anular. 30. The sensor of claim 29, wherein said spatial configuration is a conformational distribution in matrix, honeycomb, annular or annular arrangements.
31. El sensor de la reivindicación 30, donde dicha distribución conformacional anular es preferentemente una serie de anillos concéntricos con el radio (r) del anillo central preferentemente se incrementa según una serie numérica regular dada por la expresión (mr)2, donde m es un número entero positivo que se incrementa monotónicamente. 31. The sensor of claim 30, wherein said annular conformational distribution is preferably a series of concentric rings with the radius (r) of the central ring preferably increases according to a regular numerical series given by the expression (mr) 2 , where m is a positive integer that increases monotonically.
PCT/MX2012/000074 2012-07-31 2012-07-31 Device for sensing elastomechanical pulse disturbances WO2014021701A1 (en)

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