WO2014015510A1 - 一种单壁碳纳米管的处理方法 - Google Patents

一种单壁碳纳米管的处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2014015510A1
WO2014015510A1 PCT/CN2012/079248 CN2012079248W WO2014015510A1 WO 2014015510 A1 WO2014015510 A1 WO 2014015510A1 CN 2012079248 W CN2012079248 W CN 2012079248W WO 2014015510 A1 WO2014015510 A1 WO 2014015510A1
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walled carbon
carbon nanotubes
density gradient
surfactant
weight
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PCT/CN2012/079248
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English (en)
French (fr)
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葛广路
王丽荣
薛雪
梁兴杰
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国家纳米科学中心
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Priority to PCT/CN2012/079248 priority Critical patent/WO2014015510A1/zh
Priority to US14/417,637 priority patent/US20150291429A1/en
Publication of WO2014015510A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014015510A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/158Carbon nanotubes
    • C01B32/168After-treatment
    • C01B32/172Sorting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D3/00Differential sedimentation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/158Carbon nanotubes
    • C01B32/168After-treatment
    • C01B32/174Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/84Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/842Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure for carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
    • Y10S977/845Purification or separation of fullerenes or nanotubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating single-walled carbon nanotubes. Background technique
  • Carbon nanotubes as a unique one-dimensional tubular molecular structure nanomaterial with a radial size of nanometer order and an axial dimension of up to the order of micrometers, are typical layers composed of hexagonal carbon ring structural units.
  • single-walled carbon nanotubes are composed of a single-layered cylindrical graphite layer, which has a smaller diameter distribution range, fewer defects, and higher uniformity than multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). consistency. Due to the unique structure of SWNTs, it not only has low density, good electrical properties, but also has many properties such as good thermal stability and chemical stability.
  • the unique one-dimensional nanostructure of SWNTs makes it an ideal nanomedicine carrier.
  • the research shows that the composite material of carbon nanotubes can provide skeleton and carrier for new muscles, and can induce directional differentiation of bone cells. It can also be used as a medium for multifunctional biotransmitters and near-infrared rays to selectively kill cancer cells.
  • SWNTs components of different structural properties such as pipe diameter, aggregation state, length, etc.
  • the current research results are not comparable with each other and cannot be truly derived from the structural nature of SWNTs.
  • dielectrophoresis is mainly aimed at the separation of semiconductors and conductive carbon nanotubes, and the application fields are narrow; chromatographic pretreatment is complex and requires high samples; while in selective growth method, carbon nanotube functionalization, sample pretreatment and Many problems, such as recycling, equipment and production, have affected the separation effect, which limits subsequent applications.
  • density gradient centrifugation has become an important method for carbon nanotube separation in recent years. Although this method started late in the field of carbon nanotube separation application, it has become a hot spot in the field of carbon nanotube separation due to its simple and controllable operation process. Arnold et al.
  • first used density gradient centrifugation and mixing surfaces The use of dispersants enables the separation of carbon nanotubes of different electrical properties or diameters. However, due to the presence of a large number of aggregated tube bundles in the carbon nanotubes, the effective band is blurred and the ratio is low, so that the final separation effect and yield are greatly limited.
  • Dai et al. used density gradient centrifugation to perform length separation on ultrashort SWNTs. However, due to the particularity of the sample size, its structural properties are different from those of the one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, so it is not suitable for popularization and application. For the first time, Weisman et al. achieved the chiral separation of SWNTs using density gradient centrifugation.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating single-walled carbon nanotubes capable of separating single-walled carbon nanotubes of different structural properties in order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the invention provides a method for treating single-walled carbon nanotubes, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes obtained in the step (1) are subjected to density gradient centrifugation.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that, in the presence of a solvent, the single-walled carbon nanotubes are sequentially contacted with a surfactant and a dispersing agent, so that the single-walled carbon nanotubes can be well dispersed in the surfactant and the dispersing agent to obtain a single
  • the reason why the roots have a high content of single-walled carbon nanotubes is presumed to be due to: by contacting the single-walled carbon nanotubes with the surfactant, a single-walled carbon nanotube bundle stably dispersed in the surfactant can be obtained.
  • the interaction between the dispersing agent and the single-walled carbon nanotube tube bundle enables the dispersing agent to easily enter the single-walled carbon nanotube tube bundle, effectively splitting the tube bundle, and reducing aggregation.
  • the ratio of single-walled carbon nanotubes To highly dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube systems. Further, the successful preparation of such a highly dispersible single-walled carbon nanotube system provides the possibility of further obtaining single-walled carbon nanotubes having different structural properties.
  • the method for performing density gradient centrifugation of the dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes comprises: first performing centrifugal dispersion of the dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes by a first-stage density gradient, so that the single The wall carbon nanotubes are layered according to the diameter of the tube and the aggregation state; the different single-walled carbon nanotube layers are separately subjected to a second-stage density gradient centrifugation, so that the single-stage density gradient centrifugal separation is performed.
  • the density gradient reagents used in the two density gradient centrifugation are all solutions containing iodixanol, and the concentration of the density gradient reagent is from top to bottom.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the first-stage density gradient centrifugation, wherein (A) a schematic diagram of the first-stage density gradient centrifugation, and (B) an effect diagram of the first-stage density gradient centrifugation;
  • FIG. 2 is a result of near-infrared photoluminescence spectroscopy of the four components separated in Example 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a result of atomic force microscopy and length distribution of the four components separated in Example 1.
  • Figure 4 is a view showing the components A and C in Example 1 after centrifugation by a second-stage density gradient. The results of atomic force microscopy and length distribution of each component. detailed description
  • the method for treating single-walled carbon nanotubes provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube obtained in the step (1) is subjected to density gradient centrifugation.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes may exist in the form of a powder.
  • the form in which the single-walled carbon nanotubes are sequentially contacted with the surfactant and the dispersing agent in the presence of a solvent includes sequentially the single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes may also be present in the form of a dispersion, wherein the content of the single-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes in the dispersion is not more than 10% by weight, preferably 6-8% by weight;
  • the form in which the single-walled carbon nanotubes are sequentially contacted with the surfactant and the dispersing agent in the presence of a solvent comprises sequentially contacting the single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion with a surfactant or surfactant solution and a dispersant or dispersant solution.
  • the content of single-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes in a single-walled carbon nanotube after contact with a surfactant and a dispersant, and the single-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube in the single-walled carbon nanotube to be treated The content can be measured by a scanning electron microscope, or can be calculated by the ratio of the weight of the single-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes obtained by density gradient centrifugation to the total weight of the single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotube to be processed can be commercially obtained, for example, it can be a single-walled carbon nanotube purchased from Chengdu Zhongke Times Nano Co., Ltd.; or can be manufactured by an existing method. It is well known that the specific preparation methods are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be present in the form of a powder or in the form of a dispersion; when present in the form of a dispersion, the weight of the single-walled carbon nanotubes and the dispersion medium in the dispersion
  • the ratio may be, for example, 1:1 to 3
  • the dispersion medium may be selected from one or more of water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone.
  • the kind and amount of the surfactant may be conventionally selected in the art.
  • the surfactant may be used in an amount of 10-15 g based on the single-walled carbon nanotubes of lg.
  • the surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of sodium cholate, potassium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, potassium deoxycholate, sodium decyl sulfate, potassium decyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, and hexadecane.
  • the surfactant may be used as it is or in the form of a solution; when used in the form of a solution, the concentration of the surfactant may be 5-10 mg/mL.
  • the condition for contacting the single-walled carbon nanotubes with the surfactant is not particularly limited as long as the single-walled carbon nanotubes can be stably dispersed in the surfactant, and generally,
  • the conditions of the contact include the contact temperature and the contact time.
  • the increase in contact temperature is advantageous for the dispersion of the carbon nanotube powder, but if the temperature is too high, the structure of the single-walled carbon nanotube may be destroyed. Therefore, the temperature of the contact is preferably 20-25 ° C ; the contact time is prolonged.
  • the dispersibility of the carbon nanotube powder in the surfactant can be improved, but the contact time is too long and the degree of dispersion is not obvious. Therefore, considering the effect and efficiency, the contact time is preferably 8-12 hours. .
  • the kind and amount of the dispersing agent may also be conventionally selected in the art.
  • the dispersing agent may be used in an amount of from 1 to 2 g based on the single-walled carbon nanotubes of lg.
  • the dispersing agent may be selected from one or more of rhodamine, fluorescein isothiocyanate, and 1-indolebutyric acid.
  • the dispersants may be used alone or may be used in the form of a solution; when used in the form of a solution, the concentration of the dispersing agent may be 200-400 ⁇ 8 / ⁇ .
  • the solvent for dissolving the surfactant and the dispersant is of the same kind and may be selected from one or more of water, ethanol, methanol and acetone.
  • the dispersion medium in the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes dissolves the surfactant and the dispersant
  • the solvent is of the same kind and may be selected from one or more of water, ethanol, methanol and acetone.
  • the condition for contacting the product obtained by contacting the single-walled carbon nanotubes with the surfactant with the dispersing agent is not particularly limited as long as the content of the single-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes is not less than 50%, preferably 50-60% of the dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes may be used.
  • the conditions of the contact generally include a contact temperature of 2-6 ° C, and the contact time may be 12-24 hours.
  • the method of performing density gradient centrifugation on the dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes can be reasonably selected according to the type of the single-walled carbon nanotubes obtained, preferably, the dispersed single-wall carbon
  • the method for performing density gradient centrifugation of the nanotubes comprises: first performing centrifugal separation of the dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes by a first-stage density gradient, so that the single-walled carbon nanotubes are layered according to different tube diameters and aggregation states; The obtained single-walled carbon nanotube layers are separately subjected to a second-stage density gradient centrifugation, so that the single-walled carbon nanotubes obtained by the first-stage density gradient centrifugation are layered according to the length.
  • a single-wall dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube having a small diameter can be sequentially obtained from the top to the bottom in the direction of the centrifuge tube.
  • Single-wall dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes and aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes refer to a bundle of tubes formed by agglomerating 5-15 single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the aggregated carbon nanotubes distributed at the bottom layer can be separated to obtain a structurally intact Single-walled carbon nanotubes and structurally incomplete single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • a single-distributed single-walled carbon nanotube with a small diameter and a single-distributed single large-diameter tube can be sequentially obtained from top to bottom along the direction of the centrifuge tube.
  • the obtained single-walled carbon nanotube layers are separately subjected to a second-stage density gradient centrifugation, that is, a single-wall dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube having a small diameter, a single-wall dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube having a large diameter, and aggregated.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes are subjected to a second-stage density gradient centrifugation to obtain single-walled carbon nanotubes having different lengths. It should be noted that, as described above, after the first-stage density gradient centrifugation, the aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes can also be separated into a structurally intact aggregated single-walled carbon nanotube and an incomplete aggregate state. Wall carbon nanotubes.
  • the structurally intact aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes and the structurally incomplete aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes can be respectively subjected to the second-order density gradient. Separation, a mixture of structurally intact aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes and structurally incomplete single-walled carbon nanotubes can also be subjected to a second-stage density gradient separation.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes to be treated are uniform, the single-walled carbon nanotubes only differ according to the aggregation state after density gradient centrifugation.
  • the single-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes and the aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes are separated, which will be known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described herein.
  • the conditions of the first-stage density gradient centrifugation are not particularly limited as long as the dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes can be layered according to the size of the tube diameter and the aggregation state, for example, the first
  • the conditions of the stage density gradient centrifugation include that the centrifugal speed can be
  • the centrifugation time may be 8-10 hours
  • the density gradient reagent may be a solution containing iodixanol.
  • the density gradient reagent has a concentration of 8-12% by weight, 15-35 wt% from top to bottom. And 55-65% by weight. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that density gradient centrifugation is a centrifugation method that is separated by density in a density gradient reagent, and each component is distributed according to its density in a liquid layer of the same density as itself.
  • the density gradient reagents having a concentration of 55-65 wt%, 15-35 wt%, and 8-12 wt%, respectively, are sequentially added to the centrifuge tube, and after the dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes are added, the dispersed single-wall carbon nano-nano
  • the components in the tube are distributed in different layers due to different densities, thereby separating single-walled carbon nanotubes having different structural properties.
  • the conditions of the second-stage density gradient centrifugation of the present invention are also not particularly limited, only It is sufficient to be able to separate the single-walled carbon nanotube layers obtained by the first-stage density gradient centrifugation according to the length.
  • the conditions of the second-stage density gradient centrifugation include a centrifugal speed of 30,000.
  • the centrifugation time may be 4-6 hours, and the density gradient reagent may be a solution containing iodixanol.
  • the density gradient reagent has a concentration of 8-12% by weight, 15-35 wt%, and from top to bottom. 55-65% by weight.
  • the method further comprises: using the single-walled carbon nanotubes and a surfactant Prior to contacting, the single-walled carbon nanotubes are contacted with an acidic solution for pretreatment.
  • the kind and amount of the acidic solution may be conventionally selected in the art; for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, an aqueous solution of nitric acid and an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, and the concentration of the acidic solution may be carried out in a larger range.
  • the selection and variation may be, for example, 5-7 mol/L; the acidic solution may be used in an amount of 1000-2000 mL based on lg single-walled carbon nanotubes. More preferably, the conditions for contacting the single-walled carbon nanotubes with an acidic solution include a temperature of 120 to 150 ° C and a time of 6 to 12 hours. Further, it is preferred that the product obtained by contacting the single-walled carbon nanotubes with the acidic solution may be washed with water to remove the residual acidic solution, and filtered and dried.
  • the photoluminescence spectrometer was purchased from HORIBA, model HORIBA Jobin Yvon NanoLogTM; the atomic force microscope was purchased from Digital Instruments, model Dimension 3100; the Raman spectrometer was purchased from Renishaw pic, model Renishaw Micro-Raman Spectroscopy System; The content of single-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes was determined by scanning electron microscopy (available from Hitachi, Model S-4700).
  • This embodiment is for explaining the treatment method of the single-walled carbon nanotubes provided by the present invention and the single-walled carbon nanotubes obtained by the treatment.
  • the product obtained in the step (1) was stirred and mixed with 200 mL of a 12 mg/mL aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate at 25 ° C for 8 hours, and then the temperature of the solution was lowered to 4 ° C, and 500 mL was added to a concentration of 200 ⁇ . 8 / ⁇ ⁇ Rhodamine 123 aqueous solution continued to stir and mix for 12 hours, to obtain a single-wall dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes in the total single-walled carbon nanotubes weight ratio of 50% of the dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes;
  • the above four components were characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
  • the results of the near-infrared photoluminescence spectrometer are shown in Fig. 2.
  • the results of the atomic force microscope are shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen from the results of Fig.
  • the chiral composition of component A includes (6, 5), (7, 5), (7, 6), (8,3), (8,4), (8,6), (8,7), (9,4), (9,5), (10,2), (10,5), (11 , 3) and (12,1)
  • the chiral composition of component B includes (7,6) and (10,2); while components C and D do not observe significant near-infrared fluorescence signals, which are associated with aggregation.
  • the fluorescence quenching mechanism caused by the state is consistent, and it can be seen that components A and B are single-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes, and components C and D are aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the average diameter of the component A is 0.8 nm
  • the average diameter of the component B is 1.5 nm
  • the average bundle size of the component C is At 4 nm
  • the average bundle size of component D was 6 nm.
  • the composition C is intact and the structure of the component D is incomplete.
  • the component C is a bundle of 5-10 single-walled carbon nanotubes
  • the component D is composed of A bundle of 10-15 single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the results of the atomic force microscope show that the length of the component A1 ranges from 200 to 400 nm, the length of the component A2 ranges from 400 to 800 nm, and the length of the component A3 is approximately ⁇ ;
  • the component ⁇ obtains three different components B1 , ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, wherein the results of the atomic force microscope show that the length of the component B1 ranges from 200 to 500 nm, the length of the component B2 ranges from 500 to 1000 nm, and the length of the component B3 ranges from ⁇ ;
  • This embodiment is for explaining the treatment method of the single-walled carbon nanotubes provided by the present invention and the single-walled carbon nanotubes obtained by the treatment.
  • single-walled carbon nanotubes purchased from Chengdu Zhongke Nano-Times Co., Ltd., in the form of powder
  • 150 mL of a 5 mol/L aqueous solution of sulfuric acid was uniformly mixed with 150 mL of a 5 mol/L aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, and refluxed at 150 ° C for 6 hours, followed by filtration.
  • the filter residue is washed 3 times with water, filtered, and dried to obtain a pretreated single-walled carbon nanotube;
  • the product obtained in the step (1) was stirred and mixed with 300 mL of a 5 mg/mL sodium cholate solution at 20 ° C for 12 hours, and then the solution temperature was lowered to 4 ° C, and 250 mL of a concentration of 400 ⁇ g / was added.
  • the mL aqueous solution of fluorescein isothiocyanate is further stirred and mixed for 24 hours to obtain a dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube having a single-wall dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube in a weight ratio of 60% of the total single-walled carbon nanotube;
  • the above four components were characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It can be seen from the test results of the photoluminescence spectrometer that the near-infrared fluorescence signals can be observed for components A and B, while the significant near-infrared fluorescence signals are not observed for components C and D, which is related to the fluorescence quenching caused by the aggregation state. The extinguishing mechanism is consistent, and it can be seen that components A and B are single-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes, and components C and D are aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the average diameter of the component A is 0.8 nm
  • the average diameter of the component B is 1.5 nm
  • the average bundle size of the component C is 4 nm
  • the average bundle size of the component D is 6 nm.
  • the composition C is intact and the structure of the component D is incomplete.
  • the component C is a bundle of 5-10 single-walled carbon nanotubes
  • the component D is composed of A bundle of 10-15 single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the results of the atomic force microscope show that the length of the component A1 ranges from 200 to 400 nm, the length of the component A2 ranges from 400 to 800 nm, and the length of the component A3 ranges from ⁇ ;
  • the component ⁇ gives three different components B1 , ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, wherein the results of the atomic force microscope show that the length of the component B1 ranges from 200 to 500 nm, the length of the component B2 ranges from 500 to 1000 nm, and the length of the component B3 ranges from ⁇ ;
  • Component D gives three different components D1, D2, D3, wherein the results of the atomic force microscope show that the length of the component D1 ranges from 50 to 100 nm, the length of the component
  • This embodiment is for explaining the treatment method of the single-walled carbon nanotubes provided by the present invention and the single-walled carbon nanotubes obtained by the treatment.
  • O.lg single-walled carbon nanotubes purchased from Chengdu Zhongke Nano-Times Co., Ltd., in the form of a dispersion, wherein the dispersion medium of the dispersion is water and the weight ratio of single-walled carbon nanotubes to water is 1: 2, The content of the single-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes in the dispersion was 7% by weight), and 150 mL of a 6 mol/L aqueous solution of nitric acid was uniformly mixed, and refluxed at 135 ° C for 9 hours, followed by filtration, and the filter residue was washed with water. 3 times, and filtered and dried to obtain a pretreated single-walled carbon nanotube powder;
  • the product obtained in the step (1) was stirred and mixed with 150 mL of a sodium deoxycholate solution having a concentration of 8 mg/mL at 22 ° C for 10 hours, and then the temperature of the solution was lowered to 4 ° C, and 350 mL of a concentration of 300 ⁇ g was added.
  • the /mL aqueous solution of 1-butyric acid is further stirred and mixed for 20 hours to obtain a dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube having a single-wall dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube in a weight ratio of 55% of the total single-walled carbon nanotube;
  • the above four components were characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It can be seen from the test results of the photoluminescence spectrometer that the near-infrared fluorescence signals can be observed for components A and B, while the significant near-infrared fluorescence signals are not observed for components C and D, which is related to the fluorescence quenching caused by the aggregation state. The extinguishing mechanism is consistent, and it can be seen that components A and B are single-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes, and components C and D are aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the average diameter of the component A is 0.8 nm
  • the average diameter of the component B is 1.5 nm
  • the average bundle size of the component C is 3 nm
  • the average bundle size of the component D is 7 nm.
  • the composition C is intact and the structure of the component D is incomplete.
  • the component C is a bundle of 5-10 single-walled carbon nanotubes
  • the component D is composed of A bundle of 10-15 single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the results of the atomic force microscope show that the length of the component A1 ranges from 200 to 400 nm, the length of the component A2 ranges from 400 to 800 nm, and the length of the component A3 is approximately ⁇ ;
  • the component ⁇ obtains three different components B1 , ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, wherein the results of the atomic force microscope show that the length of the component B1 ranges from 200 to 500 nm, the length of the component B2 ranges from 500 to 1000 nm, and the length of the component B3 ranges from ⁇ ;
  • This embodiment is for explaining the treatment method of the single-walled carbon nanotubes provided by the present invention and the single-walled carbon nanotubes obtained by the treatment.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes were separated according to the method of Example 1, except that the step of pretreating the single-walled carbon nanotubes was not included. After the first-stage density gradient centrifugation, a single-distributed single-walled carbon nanotube with a small diameter, a single-wall dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube with a large diameter, and a single-walled single-walled structure are obtained. Carbon nanotubes C and structurally incomplete aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes D. After separation by a second-stage density gradient centrifugation, component A obtains three different components A1.
  • Component D gives three different components D1, D2, D3, wherein the results of atomic force microscopy show that component D1 has a length in the range of 50-100 nm, component D2 has a length in the range of 100-500 nm, and component D3 The length ranges from 500 ⁇ to 1 ⁇ . Comparative example 1
  • This comparative example is used to describe the reference treatment method of single-walled carbon nanotubes and the treated single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes were separated according to the method of Example 1, except that in the dispersion step of the single-walled carbon nanotubes, the rhodamine 123 aqueous solution was replaced with the same concentration and the same volume of sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution. .
  • the results show that the dispersibility of the single-walled carbon nanotube solution system is not significantly improved, and the content of the aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes is about 90%. Comparative example 2
  • This comparative example is used to describe the reference treatment method of single-walled carbon nanotubes and the treated single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes were separated according to the method of Example 1, except that in the dispersion step of the single-walled carbon nanotubes, the aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate was replaced by the same concentration and the same volume of rhodamine 123 aqueous solution. .
  • the results show that the water solubility of the single-walled carbon nanotube solution system is very low, and a large number of single-walled carbon nanotubes are precipitated as precipitates. It can be seen from the above results that the method of the present invention can effectively separate single-walled carbon nanotubes having different structural properties, thereby laying a foundation for subsequent research on single-walled carbon nanotubes with different structural properties. basis.

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Abstract

提供一种单壁碳纳米管的处理方法,包括:(1)在溶剂存在下,将单壁碳纳米管依次与表面活性剂和分散剂接触,使得到单根分散碳纳米管的含量不低于50重量%,所述单壁碳纳米管能够分散在溶剂中且所述表面活性剂和分散剂能够溶解在该溶剂中;(2)将步骤(1)得到的分散态单壁碳纳米管进行密度梯度离心分离。该方法能够将具有不同结构性质的单壁碳纳米管进行有效分离。

Description

一种单壁碳纳米管的处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种单壁碳纳米管的处理方法。 背景技术
碳纳米管作为一种径向尺寸为纳米量级、 轴向尺寸可达微米量级的独 特的一维管状分子结构纳米材料, 是一种由六边形碳环结构单元组成的具 有典型的层状中空结构特征的一维量子材料。其中,单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs) 由单层圆柱型石墨层构成, 与多壁碳纳米管 (MWNTs) 相比, 其直径大小 的分布范围较小、 缺陷较少、 且具有更高的均匀一致性。 由于 SWNTs独特 的结构, 其不仅具有低密度、 良好的电学性质, 还具有良好的热稳定性和 化学稳定性等多种特性。 在生物学领域, SWNTs独特的一维纳米结构使其 成为一种理想的纳米药物载体。 研宄表明, 碳纳米管的复合材料可为新生 肌肉提供骨架和载体, 并能诱导骨骼细胞的定向分化, 还可作为多功能生 物传输器和近红外射线选择性杀伤癌细胞的媒介。
近年来, 碳纳米管生物效应研宄表明其制备方法和结构性质的多样性 给相关研宄带来了诸多困难, 其中, 碳纳米管的纯度、 尺寸和聚集程度等 多种因素都可能影响其细胞行为。 Becker等以 DNA包裹碳纳米管制备了保 持碳纳米管表面电子结构的稳定分散溶液体系, 考察了细胞摄取碳纳米管 的尺寸差异。研宄表明,细胞对于碳纳米管摄取具有长度选择性,小于(180 ± 17) nm的碳纳米管一般可被细胞全部摄取。而 Simon等的研宄表明长的 MWNTs和短的 MWNTs都具有较强的细胞毒性。 Smart等认为碳纳米管的 毒副作用可能源于制备时使用的金属催化剂, 而化学修饰不仅可以有效去 除残留金属催化剂, 还可以引入生物活性分子, 故可改善碳纳米管的生物 相容性。 Sayes等的研宄表明随着 SWNTs侧壁功能化程度的增加, 细胞毒 性会减少。 Duortier等认为功能化 SWNTs对免疫细胞的功能没有显著影响。 而导致目前相关研宄出现显著性差异的一个重要因素在于, 其研宄对象为 不同来源或功能化方式, 且包含多种不同结构性质的 SWNTs混合物。 由于 缺乏对同一体系中不同结构性质 (如管径、 聚集状态、 长度等) SWNTs组 分的针对性研宄,目前的研宄结果相互间不具有可比性,无法真正从 SWNTs 本身结构性质的角度阐明其生物学效应的差异和机制。 由此可见, 针对碳 纳米管从合成方法、 粒子尺寸、 表面性质和形态等各种不同角度出发, 系 统性地研宄其生物效应和毒性机制, 才能有助于全面深入了解碳纳米管对 环境、 健康的影响。 因此, 针对同一来源不同结构性质的 SWNTs组分的大 批量制备成为解决问题的关键因素之一,而具有针对性的 SWNTs的分离体 系的构建显得至关重要。
从目前的相关研宄来看, 由于碳纳米管具有多种理化性质和生物学特 性, 针对不同结构性质的碳纳米管的系统性研宄将是以后的一个研宄重点。 如上所述, 如何实现不同结构性质的碳纳米管的大批量制备分离将是制约 相关研宄的一个关键点。 近年来国内外的前沿研宄也表明, 碳纳米管的分 离制备受到了越来越多地重视和关注。 其中, 根据碳纳米管结构性质的不 同进行分离研宄尤为重要, 是目前研宄的主要切入点。 常见的分离方法包 括介电泳法、 色谱法和选择性生长法等, 但这几种分离方法都具有一定的 局限性。 例如, 介电泳法主要针对半导体和导电碳纳米管的分离, 应用领 域较窄; 色谱法前处理复杂, 对样品要求较高; 而选择性生长法中, 碳纳 米管功能化、 样品预处理及回收、 仪器设备及产量等诸多问题使得其分离 效果受到影响, 从而限制了后续的应用。 然而, 值得关注的是, 近年来密 度梯度离心分离成为了碳纳米管分离的一个重要方法。 尽管该方法在碳纳 米管分离应用领域起步较晚, 但由于其操作过程的简单可控, 逐渐成为碳 纳米管分离领域的一个热点。 Arnold等首次利用密度梯度离心和混合表面 分散剂的使用, 实现了对于不同电学性质或管径的碳纳米管的分离。 然而, 由于碳纳米管中大量聚集态管束的存在, 使得其有效条带模糊, 比例低下, 从而使得其最终分离效果和产量受到了极大限制。 Dai等利用密度梯度离心 技术对于超短 SWNTs进行了长度分离。但由于样品尺寸上的特殊性, 其结 构性质与一维碳纳米管存在一定差距, 因而不适于推广应用。 Weisman等 首次利用密度梯度离心技术实现了 SWNTs的手性分离。然而同样由于大量 聚集态管束的存在, 极大地限制了其分离产率, 使得分离产物目前无法真 正走向应用。 因此, 在目前研宄中, 如何提高碳纳米管的单分散性、 降低 聚集态碳纳米管束的比例成为了提高梯度离心分离产量的一个关键。 发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的上述缺陷, 而提供一种能够将不 同结构性质的单壁碳纳米管分离的单壁碳纳米管的处理方法。
本发明提供了一种单壁碳纳米管的处理方法, 该方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )在溶剂存在下,将单壁碳纳米管依次与表面活性剂和分散剂接触, 使得到单根分散单壁碳纳米管的含量不低于 50重量%、优选为 50重量%-60 重量%的分散态单壁碳纳米管,所述单壁碳纳米管能够分散在溶剂中且所述 表面活性剂和分散剂能够溶解在该溶剂中;
(2)将步骤 (1 )得到的分散态单壁碳纳米管进行密度梯度离心分离。 本发明的发明人发现, 在溶剂存在下, 将单壁碳纳米管依次与表面活 性剂和分散剂接触, 能够使得单壁碳纳米管很好地分散在表面活性剂和分 散剂中, 得到单根分散单壁碳纳米管含量较高的体系, 推测其原因, 可能 是由于: 将单壁碳纳米管与表面活性剂接触, 能够得到稳定分散在表面活 性剂中的单壁碳纳米管管束, 再与分散剂接触后, 所述分散剂与单壁碳纳 米管管束之间的相互作用使得所述分散剂能够很容易地进入单壁碳纳米管 管束中, 对管束进行有效拆分, 降低聚集态单壁碳纳米管的比例, 从而得 到高分散的单壁碳纳米管体系。 进一步地, 这种高分散性的单壁碳纳米管 体系的成功制备为进一步获得不同结构性质的单壁碳纳米管提供了可能 性。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式, 当将分散态单壁碳纳米管进行密度 梯度离心分离的方法包括: 先将分散态单壁碳纳米管进行第一级密度梯度 离心分离, 使得所述单壁碳纳米管按照管径大小和聚集状态的不同进行分 层; 再分别将所得不同的单壁碳纳米管层进行第二级密度梯度离心分离, 使得经第一级密度梯度离心分离得到的单壁碳纳米管按照长度的不同进行 分层时, 能够将具有不同结构性质的单壁碳纳米管进行有效分离。 根据本 发明的另一种优选实施方式, 当两次密度梯度离心分离采用的密度梯度试 剂均为含碘克沙醇的溶液, 且所述密度梯度试剂的浓度从上到下依次为
8-12重量%、 15-35重量%和 55-65重量%时, 能够将具有不同结构性质的 单壁碳纳米管进行更为有效地分离。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说 明。 附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 并且构成说明书的一部分, 与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明, 但并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中:
图 1为第一级密度梯度离心分离示意图, 其中, (A) 第一级密度梯度 离心分离的原理图, (B) 为第一级密度梯度离心分离的效果图;
图 2为实施例 1分离得到的四种组分的近红外光致发光光谱的结果; 图 3为实施例 1分离得到的四种组分的原子力显微镜和长度分布的结 果;
图 4为实施例 1中的组分 A和 C经第二级密度梯度离心分离后得到的 各组分的原子力显微镜和长度分布的结果。 具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。 应当理解的是, 此处所 描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不用于限制本发明。
本发明提供的单壁碳纳米管的处理方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )在溶剂存在下,将单壁碳纳米管依次与表面活性剂和分散剂接触, 使得到单根分散单壁碳纳米管的含量不低于 50重量%、优选为 50重量%-60 重量%的分散态单壁碳纳米管,所述单壁碳纳米管能够分散在溶剂中且所述 表面活性剂和分散剂能够溶解在该溶剂中;
(2)将步骤 (1 )得到的分散态单壁碳纳米管进行密度梯度离心分离。 其中, 所述单壁碳纳米管可以以粉末形式存在, 此时, 所述在溶剂存 在下, 将单壁碳纳米管依次与表面活性剂和分散剂接触的形式包括将单壁 碳纳米管依次与表面活性剂溶液和分散剂溶液接触;
所述单壁碳纳米管也可以以分散液形式存在, 所述分散液中单根分散 单壁碳纳米管的含量不高于 10重量%, 优选为 6-8重量%; 此时, 所述在 溶剂存在下, 将单壁碳纳米管依次与表面活性剂和分散剂接触的形式包括 将单壁碳纳米管分散液依次与表面活性剂或表面活性剂溶液和分散剂或分 散剂溶液接触。
根据本发明, 依次与表面活性剂和分散剂接触后的单壁碳纳米管中单 根分散单壁碳纳米管的含量、 以及待处理的单壁碳纳米管中单根分散单壁 碳纳米管的含量可以通过扫描电子显微镜测得, 也可以通过密度梯度离心 分离后得到的单根分散的单壁碳纳米管的重量与单壁碳纳米管的总重量的 比值计算得到。
根据本发明, 待处理的单壁碳纳米管可以通过商购得到, 例如, 可以 为购自成都中科时代纳米公司的单壁碳纳米管; 也可以通过现有的方法制 备得到, 具体的制备方法为本领域技术人员公知, 在此将不再赘述。 如上 所述, 所述单壁碳纳米管可以以粉末的形式存在、 也可以以分散液的形式 存在; 当以分散液的形式存在时, 分散液中的单壁碳纳米管与分散介质的 重量比例如可以为 1:1-3, 所述分散介质可以选自水、 乙醇、 甲醇和丙酮中 的一种或多种。
根据本发明, 所述表面活性剂的种类和用量可以为本领域的常规选择, 例如, 以 lg 的所述单壁碳纳米管为基准, 所述表面活性剂的用量可以为 10-15g。 所述表面活性剂可以选自胆酸钠、 胆酸钾、 脱氧胆酸钠、 脱氧胆酸 钾、 十二垸基硫酸钠、 十二垸基硫酸钾、 十六垸基硫酸钠、 十六垸基硫酸 钾、 十二垸基磺酸钠、 十二垸基磺酸钾、 十六垸基磺酸钠和十六垸基磺酸 钾中的一种或多种。 所述表面活性剂可以直接使用, 也可以以溶液的形式 使用; 当以溶液的形式使用时, 所述表面活性剂的浓度可以为 5-10mg/mL。
本发明对将所述单壁碳纳米管与表面活性剂接触的条件没有特别地限 定, 只要能够使得所述单壁碳纳米管稳定分散在所述表面活性剂中即可, 通常来说, 所述接触的条件包括接触温度和接触时间。 一般地, 接触温度 的提高有利于碳纳米管粉末的分散, 但温度太高可能会破坏单壁碳纳米管 的结构, 因此, 所述接触的温度优选为 20-25 °C ; 接触时间的延长能够提高 所述碳纳米管粉末在表面活性剂中的分散性, 但接触时间过长对分散程度 提高的幅度并不明显, 因此, 综合考虑效果和效率, 所述接触时间优选为 8-12小时。
根据本发明, 所述分散剂的种类和用量也可以为本领域的常规选择, 例如, 以 lg的所述单壁碳纳米管为基准, 所述分散剂的用量可以为 l-2g。 所述分散剂可以选自罗丹明、异硫氰酸荧光素和 1-芘丁酸中的一种或多种。 所述分散剂可以单独使用, 也可以以溶液的形式使用; 当以溶液的形式使 用时, 所述分散剂的浓度可以为 200-400μ8/ηΛ。 此外, 当所述表面活性剂 和分散剂均以其溶液的形式使用时, 为了避免在单壁碳纳米管分离过程中 杂质的引入, 优选地, 溶解所述表面活性剂和分散剂的溶剂种类相同, 并 可以选自水、 乙醇、 甲醇和丙酮中的一种或多种。 当待处理的碳纳米管以 分散液的形式存在, 且表面活性剂和分散剂以溶液的形式使用时, 优选地, 碳纳米管分散液中的分散介质与溶解所述表面活性剂和分散剂的溶剂种类 相同, 并可以选自水、 乙醇、 甲醇和丙酮中的一种或多种。
本发明对将单壁碳纳米管与表面活性剂接触后得到的产物与分散剂接 触的条件没有特别地限定, 只要能够得到单根分散单壁碳纳米管的含量不 低于 50%、 优选为 50-60%的分散态单壁碳纳米管即可, 例如, 所述接触的 条件通常包括接触温度可以为 2-6°C, 所述接触时间可以为 12-24小时。
根据本发明, 步骤 (2) 中, 将分散态单壁碳纳米管进行密度梯度离心 分离的方法可以根据需要得到的单壁碳纳米管的种类进行合理选择, 优选 地, 将分散态单壁碳纳米管进行密度梯度离心分离的方法包括: 先将分散 态单壁碳纳米管进行第一级密度梯度离心分离, 使得所述单壁碳纳米管按 照管径大小和聚集状态的不同进行分层; 再分别将所得不同的单壁碳纳米 管层进行第二级密度梯度离心分离, 使得经第一级密度梯度离心分离得到 的单壁碳纳米管按照长度的不同进行分层。
具体地, 将分散态单壁碳纳米管进行所述第一级密度梯度离心分离后, 沿着离心管的方向从上到下可以依次得到小管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米 管、 大管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管、 聚集态单壁碳纳米管。 所述聚集态 单壁碳纳米管指由 5-15根单壁碳纳米管聚集在一起形成的管束。 此外, 由 于结构完整性不同的聚集态单壁碳纳米管的密度不同, 因此, 经第一级密 度梯度离心分离之后, 分布在最底层的聚集态碳纳米管还可以进行分离, 得到结构完整的单壁碳纳米管和结构不完整的单壁碳纳米管。 δΡ , 确切地 说, 经第一级密度梯度离心分离之后, 沿着离心管的方向从上到下可以依 次得到小管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管、 大管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管、 结构完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管、 结构不完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管。 再 分别将所得不同的单壁碳纳米管层进行第二级密度梯度离心分离, 即分别 将小管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管、 大管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管、 聚 集态单壁碳纳米管进行第二级密度梯度离心分离, 能够得到长度不同的单 壁碳纳米管。 需要说明的是, 如上所述, 经第一级密度梯度离心分离之后, 所述聚集态单壁碳纳米管还可以分离成结构完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管和 结构不完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管。 当将聚集态单壁碳纳米管进行第二级 密度梯度离心分离时, 可以分别将结构完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管和结构 不完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管进行第二级密度梯度分离, 也可以将结构完 整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管和结构不完整的单壁碳纳米管的混合物进行第二 级密度梯度分离。
此外, 本领域技术人员应该容易理解的, 如果待处理的单壁碳纳米管 的单根管径和长度均一致, 那么经密度梯度离心分离后所述单壁碳纳米管 仅按照聚集状态的不同分离得到单根分散单壁碳纳米管、 聚集态单壁碳纳 米管, 对此本领域技术人员均可知悉, 在此将不再赘述。
本发明对所述第一级密度梯度离心分离的条件没有特别地限定, 只要 能够将分散态单壁碳纳米管按照管径大小和聚集状态的不同进行分层即 可, 例如, 所述第一级密度梯度离心分离的条件包括离心转速可以为
30000-40000rpm, 离心时间可以为 8-10小时, 密度梯度试剂可以为含碘克 沙醇的溶液, 所述密度梯度试剂的浓度从上到下依次为 8-12重量%、 15-35 重量%和 55-65重量%。 本领域技术人员应该容易理解的是, 密度梯度离心 分离是在密度梯度试剂中进行的依密度而分离的离心法, 各组分会依其密 度分布在与其自身密度相同的液层中。 将浓度分别为 55-65重量%、 15-35 重量%和 8-12重量%的密度梯度试剂依次加入离心管中, 再加入分散态单 壁碳纳米管之后, 所述分散态单壁碳纳米管中的各组分因密度不同而分布 在不同的层中, 从而将结构性质不同的单壁碳纳米管进行分离。
本发明对所述第二级密度梯度离心分离的条件也没有特别地限定, 只 要能够分别将经第一级密度梯度离心分离后得到的单壁碳纳米管层按照长 度的不同进行分层即可, 例如, 所述第二级密度梯度离心分离的条件包括 离心转速可以为 30000-40000rpm, 离心时间可以为 4-6小时, 密度梯度试 剂可以为含碘克沙醇的溶液, 所述密度梯度试剂的浓度从上到下依次为 8-12重量%、 15-35重量%和 55-65重量%。
根据本发明, 为了将单壁碳纳米管中的杂质去除, 并提高所述单壁碳 纳米管的水溶性, 优选情况下, 该方法还包括在将所述单壁碳纳米管与表 面活性剂接触之前, 将所述单壁碳纳米管与酸性溶液接触进行预处理。 所 述酸性溶液的种类和用量可以为本领域的常规选择; 例如, 可以选自盐酸、 硝酸水溶液和硫酸水溶液中的一种或多种, 所述酸性溶液的浓度可以在较 大的范围内进行选择和变动, 例如, 可以为 5-7mol/L; 以 lg单壁碳纳米管 为基准, 所述酸性溶液的用量可以为 1000-2000mL。 更优选地, 将所述单 壁碳纳米管与酸性溶液接触的条件包括温度可以为 120-150°C, 时间可以为 6-12 小时。 进一步, 优选还可以将单壁碳纳米管与酸性溶液接触后得到的 产物用水进行洗涤, 以去除残留的酸性溶液, 并过滤、 干燥。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
以下实施例和对比例中, 光致发光光谱仪购自 HORIBA公司, 型号为 HORIBA Jobin Yvon NanoLog™; 原子力显微镜购自 Digital Instruments公 司, 型号为 Dimension 3100; 拉曼光谱仪购自 Renishaw pic公司, 型号为 Renishaw Micro-Raman Spectroscopy System;单根分散单壁碳纳米管的含量 通过扫描电子显微镜 (购自 Hitachi公司, 型号为 S-4700) 测定。 实施例 1
该实施例用于说明本发明提供的单壁碳纳米管的处理方法和处理得到 的单壁碳纳米管。
( 1 ) 单壁碳纳米管的预处理: 将 0.1 g单壁碳纳米管(购自成都中科纳米时代公司, 以粉末形式存在) 与 150mL浓度为 7mol/L的硝酸水溶液混合均匀,并在 120°C下回流反应 12 小时后进行过滤, 将滤渣用水洗涤 3 次, 并过滤、 干燥, 得到预处理后的 单壁碳纳米管粉末;
(2) 单壁碳纳米管的分散:
在 25°C下, 将步骤 (1 ) 得到的产物与 200mL浓度为 5mg/mL的十二 垸基硫酸钠水溶液搅拌混合 8小时后,将溶液温度降至 4°C,并加入 500mL 浓度为 200μ8/ηΛ的罗丹明 123水溶液继续搅拌混合 12小时, 得到单根分 散单壁碳纳米管占总单壁碳纳米管的重量比为 50%的分散态单壁碳纳米 管;
(3 ) 梯度离心分离:
分别将 12mL浓度为 60重量%、 30重量%和 10重量%的碘克沙醇水溶 液依次加入离心管中, 再将 lmL步骤(2)得到的分散态单壁碳纳米管加入 该离心管中并进行第一级密度梯度离心分离, 所述第一级密度梯度离心分 离的条件包括离心转速为 35000rpm, 离心时间为 9小时, 所得结果如图 1 所示。 从图中可以看出, 经第一级梯度离心分离后可以得到四条清晰的条 带, 从上到下依次记作组分 、 组分 B、 组分 C和组分 D。 采用光致发光 光谱仪、 原子力显微镜和拉曼光谱对上述四种组分进行结构表征, 其中, 近红外光致发光光谱仪的测试结果如图 2所示,原子力显微镜的结果如图 3 所示。 从图 2的结果可以看出, 组分 A和 B可以观察到近红外荧光信号, 其中, 组分 A的手性组成包括 (6,5)、 (7,5)、 (7,6)、 (8,3)、 (8,4)、 (8,6)、 (8,7)、 (9,4)、 (9,5)、 (10,2)、 (10,5)、 (11,3)和(12,1), 组分 B的手性组成包括 (7,6)和 (10,2); 而组分 C和 D则观察不到显著的近红外荧光信号,这与聚集态引起 的荧光淬灭机制相符, 由此可见, 组分 A和 B为单根分散单壁碳纳米管, 而组分 C和 D为聚集态单壁碳纳米管。 从图 3的结果可以看出, 组分 A的 平均管径为 0.8nm,组分 B的平均管径为 1.5nm,组分 C的平均管束大小为 4nm, 组分 D的平均管束大小为 6nm。从拉曼光谱的结构可以看出, 组分 C 结构完整, 组分 D结构不完整, 其中, 组分 C是由 5-10根单壁碳纳米管聚 合而成的管束, 组分 D是由 10-15根单壁碳纳米管聚合而成的管束。 由此 可见, 经第一级梯度离心分离后从上到下依次得到小管径的单根分散单壁 碳纳米管 A、大管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管 B、结构完整的聚集态单壁碳 纳米管 C和结构不完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管 D;
取四支离心管, 每支离心管中均依次加入 12mL浓度为 60重量%、 30 重量%和 10重量%的碘克沙醇水溶液, 再分别将 lmL得到的小管径的单根 分散单壁碳纳米管 A、大管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管 B、结构完整的聚集 态单壁碳纳米管 C和结构不完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管 D加入这四支离心 管中并进行第二级密度梯度离心分离, 其中, 所述第二级密度梯度离心分 离的条件包括离心转速为 36000rpm, 离心时间为 5小时, 组分 A得到三种 不同的组分 Al、 A2、 A3, 其中, 原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 A1的长度 范围为 200-400nm, 组分 A2的长度范围为 400-800nm, 组分 A3的长度约 为 Ιμηι; 组分 Β得到三种不同的组分 Bl、 Β2、 Β3, 其中, 原子力显微镜 的结果显示组分 B1 的长度范围为 200-500nm, 组分 B2 的长度范围为 500-1000nm,组分 B3的长度范围为 Ιμηι;组分 C得到三种不同的组分 C1、 C2、 C3, 其中, 原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 C1的长度范围为 50-lOOnm, 组分 C2的长度范围为 200-800nm, 组分 C3的长度约为 Ιμηι; 组分 D得到 三种不同的组分 Dl、 D2、 D3, 其中, 原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 D1的 长度范围为 50-100nm, 组分 D2的长度范围为 100-500nm, 组分 D3的长度 范围为 500nm-l m。 实施例 2
该实施例用于说明本发明提供的单壁碳纳米管的处理方法和处理得到 的单壁碳纳米管。 ( 1 ) 单壁碳纳米管的预处理:
将 0.1 g单壁碳纳米管(购自成都中科纳米时代公司, 以粉末形式存在) 与 150mL浓度为 5mol/L的硫酸水溶液混合均匀, 并在 150°C下回流反应 6 小时后进行过滤, 将滤渣用水洗涤 3 次, 并过滤、 干燥, 得到预处理后的 单壁碳纳米管;
(2) 单壁碳纳米管的分散:
在 20°C下, 将步骤 (1 ) 得到的产物与 300mL浓度为 5mg/mL的胆酸 钠水溶液搅拌混合 12小时后, 将溶液温度降至 4°C, 并加入 250mL浓度为 400 μ g/mL的异硫氰酸荧光素水溶液继续搅拌混合 24小时, 得到单根分散 单壁碳纳米管占总单壁碳纳米管的重量比为 60%的分散态单壁碳纳米管;
(3 ) 梯度离心分离:
分别将 12mL浓度为 55重量%、 15重量%和 8重量%的碘克沙醇水溶 液依次加入离心管中, 再将 lmL步骤(2)得到的分散态单壁碳纳米管加入 该离心管中并进行第一级密度梯度离心分离, 所述第一级密度梯度离心分 离的条件包括离心转速为 30000rpm,离心时间为 10小时。经第一级梯度离 心分离后可以得到四条清晰的条带, 从上到下依次记作组分 、组分 B、组 分 C和组分 D。 采用光致发光光谱仪、 原子力显微镜和拉曼光谱对上述四 种组分进行结构表征。 从光致发光光谱仪的测试结果可以看出, 组分 A和 B可以观察到近红外荧光信号, 而组分 C和 D则观察不到显著的近红外荧 光信号, 这与聚集态引起的荧光淬灭机制相符, 由此可见, 组分 A和 B为 单根分散单壁碳纳米管, 而组分 C和 D为聚集态单壁碳纳米管。 从原子力 显微镜的结果可以看出, 组分 A的平均管径为 0.8nm, 组分 B的平均管径 为 1.5nm, 组分 C的平均管束大小为 4nm, 组分 D的平均管束大小为 6nm。 从拉曼光谱的结构可以看出, 组分 C结构完整, 组分 D结构不完整, 其中, 组分 C是由 5-10根单壁碳纳米管聚合而成的管束, 组分 D是由 10-15根单 壁碳纳米管聚合而成的管束。 由此可见, 经第一级梯度离心分离后从上到 下依次得到小管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管 A、 大管径的单根分散单壁碳 纳米管 B、 结构完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管 C和结构不完整的聚集态单壁 碳纳米管 D;
取四支离心管, 每支离心管中均依次加入 12mL浓度为 55重量%、 15 重量%和 8重量%的碘克沙醇水溶液, 再分别将 lmL得到的小管径的单根 分散单壁碳纳米管 A、大管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管 B、结构完整的聚集 态单壁碳纳米管 C和结构不完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管 D加入这四支离心 管中并进行第二级密度梯度离心分离, 其中, 所述第二级密度梯度离心分 离的条件包括离心转速为 30000rpm, 离心时间为 6小时, 组分 A得到三种 不同的组分 Al、 A2、 A3, 其中, 原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 A1的长度 范围为 200-400nm, 组分 A2的长度范围为 400-800nm, 组分 A3的长度范 围为 Ιμηι; 组分 Β得到三种不同的组分 Bl、 Β2、 Β3, 其中, 原子力显微 镜的结果显示组分 B1 的长度范围为 200-500nm, 组分 B2 的长度范围为 500-1000nm,组分 B3的长度范围为 Ιμηι;组分 C得到三种不同的组分 C1、 C2、 C3, 其中, 原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 C1的长度范围为 50-100nm, 组分 C2的长度范围为 200-800nm, 组分 C3的长度范围为 Ιμηι; 组分 D得 到三种不同的组分 Dl、 D2、 D3, 其中, 原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 Dl 的长度范围为 50-100nm, 组分 D2的长度范围为 100-500nm, 组分 D3的长 度范围为 500ηηι-1μηι。 实施例 3
该实施例用于说明本发明提供的单壁碳纳米管的处理方法和处理得到 的单壁碳纳米管。
( 1 ) 单壁碳纳米管的预处理:
将 O.lg单壁碳纳米管 (购自成都中科纳米时代公司, 以分散液的形式 存在,其中,该分散液的分散介质为水且单壁碳纳米管与水的重量比为 1 :2, 该分散液中单根分散单壁碳纳米管的含量为 7 重量%) 与 150mL浓度为 6mol/L的硝酸水溶液混合均匀, 并在 135°C下回流反应 9小时后进行过滤, 将滤渣用水洗涤 3次, 并过滤、 干燥, 得到预处理后的单壁碳纳米管粉末;
(2) 单壁碳纳米管的分散:
在 22°C下, 将步骤 (1 ) 得到的产物与 150mL浓度为 8mg/mL的脱氧 胆酸钠水溶液搅拌混合 10小时后, 将溶液温度降至 4°C, 并加入 350mL浓 度为 300 μ g/mL的 1-芘丁酸水溶液继续搅拌混合 20小时,得到单根分散单 壁碳纳米管占总单壁碳纳米管的重量比为 55%的分散态单壁碳纳米管;
(3 ) 梯度离心分离:
分别将 12mL浓度为 65重量%、 35重量%和 12重量%的碘克沙醇水溶 液依次加入离心管中, 再将 ImL步骤(2)得到的分散态单壁碳纳米管加入 该离心管中并进行第一级密度梯度离心分离, 所述第一级密度梯度离心分 离的条件包括离心转速为 40000rpm, 离心时间为 8小时。 经第一级梯度离 心分离后可以得到四条清晰的条带, 从上到下依次记作组分 、组分 B、组 分 C和组分 D。 采用光致发光光谱仪、 原子力显微镜和拉曼光谱对上述四 种组分进行结构表征。 从光致发光光谱仪的测试结果可以看出, 组分 A和 B可以观察到近红外荧光信号, 而组分 C和 D则观察不到显著的近红外荧 光信号, 这与聚集态引起的荧光淬灭机制相符, 由此可见, 组分 A和 B为 单根分散单壁碳纳米管, 而组分 C和 D为聚集态单壁碳纳米管。 从原子力 显微镜的结果可以看出, 组分 A的平均管径为 0.8nm, 组分 B的平均管径 为 1.5nm, 组分 C的平均管束大小为 3nm, 组分 D的平均管束大小为 7nm。 从拉曼光谱的结构可以看出, 组分 C结构完整, 组分 D结构不完整, 其中, 组分 C是由 5-10根单壁碳纳米管聚合而成的管束, 组分 D是由 10-15根单 壁碳纳米管聚合而成的管束。 由此可见, 经第一级梯度离心分离后从上到 下依次得到小管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管 A、 大管径的单根分散单壁碳 纳米管 B、 结构完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管 C和结构不完整的聚集态单壁 碳纳米管 D;
取四支离心管, 每支离心管中均依次加入 12mL浓度为 65重量%、 35 重量%和 12重量%的碘克沙醇水溶液, 再分别将 ImL得到的小管径的单根 分散单壁碳纳米管 A、大管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管 B、结构完整的聚集 态单壁碳纳米管 C和结构不完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管 D加入这四支离心 管中并进行第二级密度梯度离心分离, 其中, 所述第二级密度梯度离心分 离的条件包括离心转速为 40000rpm, 离心时间为 6小时, 组分 A得到三种 不同的组分 Al、 A2、 A3, 其中, 原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 A1的长度 范围为 200-400nm, 组分 A2的长度范围为 400-800nm, 组分 A3的长度约 为 Ιμηι; 组分 Β得到三种不同的组分 Bl、 Β2、 Β3, 其中, 原子力显微镜 的结果显示组分 B1 的长度范围为 200-500nm, 组分 B2 的长度范围为 500-1000nm,组分 B3的长度范围为 Ιμηι;组分 C得到三种不同的组分 C1、 C2、 C3, 其中, 原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 C1的长度范围为 50-lOOnm, 组分 C2的长度范围为 200-800nm, 组分 C3的长度约为 Ιμηι; 组分 D得到 三种不同的组分 Dl、 D2、 D3, 其中, 原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 D1的 长度范围为 50-100nm, 组分 D2的长度范围为 100-500nm, 组分 D3的长度 范围为 500nm-l m。 实施例 4
该实施例用于说明本发明提供的单壁碳纳米管的处理方法和处理得到 的单壁碳纳米管。
按照实施例 1 的方法对单壁碳纳米管进行分离, 不同的是, 不包括将 单壁碳纳米管进行预处理的步骤。 经第一级密度梯度离心分离后从上到下 依次得到小管径的单根分散单壁碳纳米管 Α、 大管径的单根分散单壁碳纳 米管 Β、 结构完整的聚集态单壁碳纳米管 C和结构不完整的聚集态单壁碳 纳米管 D。经第二级密度梯度离心分离后,组分 A得到三种不同的组分 A1、 A2、A3,其中,原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 Al的长度范围为 200-400nm, 组分 A2的长度范围为 400-800nm, 组分 A3的长度范围为 Ιμηι; 组分 Β得 到三种不同的组分 Bl、 Β2、 Β3, 其中, 原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 Bl 的长度范围为 200-500nm, 组分 B2的长度范围为 500-1 OOOnm, 组分 B3的 长度范围为 Ιμηι; 组分 C得到三种不同的组分 Cl、 C2、 C3, 其中, 原子 力显微镜的结果显示组分 C1的长度范围为 50-lOOnm,组分 C2的长度范围 为 200-800nm, 组分 C3的长度范围为 Ιμηι; 组分 D得到三种不同的组分 Dl、 D2、 D3, 其中, 原子力显微镜的结果显示组分 D1 的长度范围为 50-100nm, 组分 D2 的长度范围为 100-500nm, 组分 D3 的长度范围为 500ηηι-1μΓη。 对比例 1
该对比例用于说明单壁碳纳米管的参比处理方法和处理得到的单壁碳 纳米管。
按照实施例 1 的方法对单壁碳纳米管进行分离, 不同的是, 在单壁碳 纳米管的分散步骤中, 将罗丹明 123 水溶液用相同浓度、 相同体积的十二 垸基硫酸钠水溶液替代。 结果显示, 单壁碳纳米管溶液体系分散性没有显 著改善, 其中, 聚集态单壁碳纳米管的含量约为 90%。 对比例 2
该对比例用于说明单壁碳纳米管的参比处理方法和处理得到的单壁碳 纳米管。
按照实施例 1 的方法对单壁碳纳米管进行分离, 不同的是, 在单壁碳 纳米管的分散步骤中, 将十二垸基硫酸钠水溶液用相同浓度、 相同体积的 罗丹明 123水溶液替代。 结果显示, 单壁碳纳米管溶液体系的水溶性很低, 大量单壁碳纳米管以沉淀形式析出。 从以上结果可以看出, 采用本发明的方法能够将具有不同结构性质的 单壁碳纳米管中的进行有效分离, 从而为后续的针对不同结构性质的单壁 碳纳米管的系统研宄奠定了基础。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式, 但是, 本发明并不限于上述 实施方式中的具体细节, 在本发明的技术构思范围内, 可以对本发明的技 术方案进行多种简单变型, 这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是, 在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特 征, 在不矛盾的情况下, 可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。 为了避免不 必要的重复, 本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外, 本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合, 只要 其不违背本发明的思想, 其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种单壁碳纳米管的处理方法, 该方法包括以下步骤:
( 1 )在溶剂存在下,将单壁碳纳米管依次与表面活性剂和分散剂接触, 使得到单根分散单壁碳纳米管的含量不低于 50重量%、优选为 50重量%-60 重量%的分散态单壁碳纳米管,所述单壁碳纳米管能够分散在溶剂中且所述 表面活性剂和分散剂能够溶解在该溶剂中;
(2)将步骤 (1 )得到的分散态单壁碳纳米管进行密度梯度离心分离。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述单壁碳纳米管以粉末形式 存在, 所述在溶剂存在下, 将单壁碳纳米管依次与表面活性剂和分散剂接 触的形式包括将单壁碳纳米管依次与表面活性剂溶液和分散剂溶液接触。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述单壁碳纳米管以分散液形 式存在, 所述分散液中单根分散单壁碳纳米管的含量不高于 10重量%, 优 选为 6-8重量%; 所述在溶剂存在下, 将单壁碳纳米管依次与表面活性剂和 分散剂接触的形式包括将单壁碳纳米管分散液依次与表面活性剂或表面活 性剂溶液和分散剂或分散剂溶液接触。
4、 根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法, 其中, 以 lg的所述单 壁碳纳米管为基准, 所述表面活性剂的用量为 10-15g; 优选地, 所述表面 活性剂选自胆酸钠、 胆酸钾、 脱氧胆酸钠、 脱氧胆酸钾、 十二垸基硫酸钠、 十二垸基硫酸钾、 十六垸基硫酸钠、 十六垸基硫酸钾、 十二垸基磺酸钠、 十二垸基磺酸钾、 十六垸基磺酸钠和十六垸基磺酸钾中的一种或多种。
5、 根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法, 其中, 将所述单壁碳纳 米管与表面活性剂接触的条件包括接触温度为 20-25°C, 接触时间为 8-12 小时
6、 根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法, 其中, 以 lg的所述单 壁碳纳米管为基准, 所述分散剂的用量为 l-2g; 优选地, 所述分散剂选自 罗丹明、 异硫氰酸荧光素和 1-芘丁酸中的一种或多种。
7、 根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法, 其中, 将单壁碳纳米管 与表面活性剂接触后得到的产物与分散剂接触的条件包括接触温度为 2-6 °C, 接触时间为 12-24小时。
8、 根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法, 其中, 步骤 (2 ) 中, 将分散态单壁碳纳米管进行密度梯度离心分离的方法包括: 先将分散态单 壁碳纳米管进行第一级密度梯度离心分离, 使得所述单壁碳纳米管按照管 径大小和聚集状态的不同进行分层; 再分别将所得不同的单壁碳纳米管层 进行第二级密度梯度离心分离, 使得经第一级密度梯度离心分离得到的单 壁碳纳米管按照长度的不同进行分层。
9、 根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法, 其中, 所述第一级密度 梯度离心分离的条件包括: 离心转速为 30000-40000rpm, 离心时间为 8-10 小时, 密度梯度试剂为含碘克沙醇的溶液, 所述密度梯度试剂的浓度从上 到下依次为 8-12重量%、 15-35重量%和 55-65重量%。
10、 根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法, 其中, 所述第二级密 度梯度离心分离的条件包括: 离心转速为 30000-40000rpm, 离心时间为 4-6 小时, 密度梯度试剂为含碘克沙醇的溶液, 所述密度梯度试剂的浓度从上 到下依次为 8-12重量%、 15-35重量%和 55-65重量%。
11、 根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法, 其中, 该方法还包括 在将所述单壁碳纳米管与表面活性剂接触之前, 将所述单壁碳纳米管与酸 性溶液接触进行预处理; 优选地, 将所述单壁碳纳米管与酸性溶液接触的 条件包括接触温度为 120-150°C, 接触时间为 6-12小时。
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