WO2014006496A1

WO2014006496A1 - Method of and system for using moving consumable wire with weld puddle

Info

Publication number: WO2014006496A1
Application number: PCT/IB2013/001464
Authority: WO
Inventors: Elliott ASH
Original assignee: Lincoln Global Inc
Current assignee: Lincoln Global Inc
Priority date: 2012-07-06
Filing date: 2013-07-05
Publication date: 2014-01-09
Anticipated expiration: 2015-01-06
Also published as: JP3200387U; KR20150037981A; BR112015000233A2; US9687929B2; US20170252848A1; US10888944B2; CN104487200A; US20140008343A1; DE112013003467T5

Description

METHOD AND SYSTEM OF USING CONSUMABLE WITH WELD PUDDLE

[001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/668,818, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[002] The invention is related to a method of controlling filler wire according to claim 1 and to a system for controlling a filler wire according to claim 8. Certain embodiments relate to using filler wire in overlaying, welding and joining applications. More particularly, certain embodiments relate to controlling filler wire in a system and method for any of brazing, cladding, building up, filling, hard-facing overlaying, joining and welding applications.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

[003] The traditional filler wire method of welding (e.g., a gas-tungsten arc welding (GTAW) filler wire method) provides increased deposition rates and welding speeds over that of traditional arc welding alone. The filler wire, which leads a torch, is resistance-heated by a separate power supply. The wire is fed through a contact tube toward a workpiece and extends beyond the tube. The extension is resistance-heated such that the extension approaches or reaches the melting point and contacts the weld puddle. A tungsten electrode may be used to heat and melt the workpiece to form the weld puddle. The power supply provides a large portion of the energy needed to resistance-melt the filler wire. In some cases, the wire feed may slip or falter and the current in the wire may cause an arc to occur between the tip of the wire and the workpiece. The extra heat of such an arc may cause burn through and spatter. In addition, because the traditional filler wire method uses an arc to transfer the filler material to the weld, it may be difficult to get the desired weld profile and/or control the cooling rate of the weld puddle.

[004] Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional, traditional, and proposed approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such approaches with embodiments of the present invention as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.

DESCRIPTION

[005] The problem according to the invention is to overcome the limitations and disadvantages. This problem is solved by a method of controlling filler wire according to claim 1 and by a system for controlling a filler wire according to claim 8. Preferred embodiments of the invention are subject of the subclaims. Embodiments of the present invention comprise controlling filler wire in a system and method for any of brazing, cladding, building up, filling, hard-facing overlaying, welding, and joining applications. In some embodiments, the method includes heating at least one workpiece with a high energy heat source to create a molten puddle on a surface of the at least one workpiece and feeding a filler wire into the molten puddle. The method also includes advancing each of the high energy heat source and the filler wire in a travel direction to deposit the filler wire on the at least one workpiece. The filler wire is moved in at least a first direction during the feeding and advancing of the filler wire, where the at least first direction is different from the travel direction. The method further includes controlling at least the movement of the filler wire in the at least first direction to obtain a desired shape, profile, height, size, or an admixture of a bead formed by the molten puddle.

[006] In some embodiments, the system includes a high intensity energy source configured to heat at least one workpiece to create a molten puddle on a surface of the at least one workpiece. A filler wire feeder is configured to feed a filler wire into the molten puddle. A travel direction controller is configured to advance each of the high intensity energy source and the filler wire in a travel direction to deposit the filler wire on the at least one workpiece. The system also includes a filler wire controller configured to move the filler wire in at least a first direction during the feeding and advancing of the filler wire, where the at least first direction is different from said travel direction. At least the movement of the filler wire in the at least first direction is controlled to obtain a desired shape, profile, height, size, or an admixture of a bead formed by the molten puddle.

[007] The method also includes applying energy from a high intensity energy source to the workpiece to heat the workpiece at least while applying the flow of heating current. The high intensity energy source may include at least one of a laser device, a plasma arc welding (PAW) device, a gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) device, a gas metal arc welding (GMAW) device, a flux cored arc welding (FCAW) device, and a submerged arc welding (SAW) device.

[008] These and other features of the claimed invention, as well as details of illustrated embodiments thereof, will be more fully understood from the following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[009] The above and/or other aspects of the invention will be more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates a functional schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a combination filler wire feeder and energy source system for any of brazing, cladding, building up, filling, hard-facing overlaying, joining, and welding applications;

[0011] FIGS. 2A - 2C illustrate a method of controlling a filler wire that can be used by the system of FIG. 1 ;

[0012] FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a method of controlling a filler wire that can be used by the system of FIG. 1 ;and [0013] FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate a method of controlling filler wires that can be used by the system of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described below by reference to the attached Figures. The described exemplary embodiments are intended to assist the understanding of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

[0015] It is known that welding/joining operations typically join multiple work- pieces together in a welding operation where a filler metal is combined with at least some of the workpiece metal to form a joint. Because of the desire to increase production throughput in welding operations, there is a constant need for faster welding operations, which do not result in welds which have a substandard quality. This is also true for cladding/surfacing operations, which use similar technology. It is noted that although much of the following discussions will reference "welding" operations and systems, embodiments of the present invention are not just limited to joining operations, but can similarly be used for cladding, brazing, overlaying, etc. -type operations. Furthermore, there is a need to provide systems that can weld quickly under adverse environmental conditions, such as in remote work sites. As described below, exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide significant advantages over existing welding technologies. Such advantages include, but are not limited to, using multiple filler wires, adjusting weld profiles, controlling the cooling rate of the weld puddle, reduced total heat input resulting in low distortion of the workpiece, very high welding travel speeds, very low spatter rates, welding with the absence of shielding, welding plated or coated materials at high speeds with little or no spatter, and welding complex materials at high speeds.

[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates a functional schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a combination filler wire feeder and energy source system 100 for performing any of brazing, cladding, building up, filling, hard-facing overlaying, and joining/welding applications. The system 100 includes a laser subsystem 130/120 capable of focusing a laser beam 110 onto a workpiece 115 to heat the workpiece 115 and form a weld puddle 145. The laser subsystem is a high intensity energy source. The laser subsystem can be any type of high energy laser source, including but not limited to carbon dioxide, Nd:YAG, Yb-disk, YB-fiber, fiber delivered or direct diode laser systems. Further, even white light or quartz laser type systems can be used if they have sufficient energy. Other embodiments of the system may include at least one of an electron beam, a plasma arc welding subsystem, a gas tungsten arc welding subsystem, a gas metal arc welding subsystem, a flux cored arc welding subsystem, and a submerged arc welding subsystem serving as the high intensity energy source. The following specification will repeatedly refer to the laser system, beam and power supply, however, it should be understood that this reference is exemplary as any high intensity energy source may be used. For example, a high intensity energy source can provide at least 500 W/cm². [0017] It should be noted that the high intensity energy sources, such as the laser devices 120 discussed herein, should be of a type having sufficient power to provide the necessary energy density for the desired welding operation. That is, the laser device 120 should have a power sufficient to create and maintain a stable weld puddle throughout the welding process, and also reach the desired weld penetration. For example, for some applications lasers should have the ability to "keyhole" the workpieces being welded. This means that the laser should have sufficient power to fully penetrate the workpiece, while maintaining that level of penetration as the laser travels along the workpiece. Exemplary lasers should have power capabilities in the range of 1 to 20kW, and may have a power capability in the range of 5 to 20kW. Higher power lasers can be utilized, but can become very costly.

[0018] The laser subsystem 130/120 includes a laser device 120 and a laser power supply 130 operatively connected to each other. The laser power supply 130 provides power to operate the laser device 120. Laser device 120 allows for precise control of the size and depth of the weld puddle 145 as the laser beam 110 can be focused/de-focused easily or have its beam intensity changed very easily. Because of these abilities the heat distribution on the workpiece 115 can be precisely controlled. This control allows for the creation of a very narrow weld puddle for precise welding as well as minimizing the size of the weld zone on the workpiece 115.

[0019] The system 100 also includes a filler wire feeder subsystem capable of providing at least one resistive filler wire 140 to make contact with the workpiece 115 in the vicinity of the laser beam 110. Of course, it is understood that by refer- ence to the workpiece 115 herein, the molten puddle, i.e., the weld puddle 145, is considered part of the workpiece 115, thus reference to contact with the workpiece 115 includes contact with the puddle 145. The filler wire feeder subsystem includes a filler wire feeder 150, a contact tube 160, and a wire power supply 170. During operation, the filler wire 140 is resistance-heated by electrical current from the power supply 170 which is operatively connected between the contact tube 160 and the workpiece 115. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the power supply 170 is a pulsed direct current (DC) power supply, although alternating current (AC) or other types of power supplies are possible as well. In some exemplary embodiments, the filler wire 140 is preheated by power supply 170 to at or near its melting point. Accordingly, its presence in the weld puddle 145 will not appreciably cool or solidify the puddle 145 and the filler wire 145 is quickly consumed into the weld puddle 145.

[0020] The power supply 170, filler wire feeder 150, and laser power supply 130 may be operatively connected to sensing and control unit 195. The control unit 195 can control the welding operations such as wire feed speed, wire temperatures, and weld puddle temperature - to name just a few. To accomplish this, the control unit 195 can receive inputs such as the power used by power supplies 130 and 170, the voltage at contact tube 160, the heating current(s) through the filler wire(s), the desired and actual temperature(s) for the filler wire(s), etc. US Patent Application No. 13/212,025, titled "Method And System To Start And Use Combination Filler Wire Feed And High Intensity Energy Source For Welding," filed August 17, 2011 , is incorporated by reference in its entirety, describes exemplary sensing and control units, including exemplary monitoring and control methodologies, that may be incorporated in the present invention.

[0021] In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the weld profile, i.e., the shape and/or size of the weld puddle 145, can be changed by controlling the movement of the wire 140 relative to the weld puddle 145. As illustrated in Figure 1 , the impact location of the filler wire 140 in the weld puddle 145 may be controlled by filler wire motor 1730, which controls contact tube 160. The motor 1730 moves or translates the contact tube 160 such that the position of the wire 140 relative to the weld puddle 145 is moved during welding. In an exemplary embodiment, the filler wire 140 impacts the weld puddle 145 at the same location as the laser beam 110. In such cases, the laser beam 110 may aid in melting the filler wire 140. However, in other exemplary embodiments, the filler wire 140 can impact the same weld puddle 145 remotely from the laser beam 110. Of course, when an arc-type heating subsystem is used instead of a laser subsystem, the filler wire 140 impacts the weld puddle 145 remotely from the arc. In some exemplary embodiments, the filler wire motor 1730 will control contact tube 160 such that the movement of wire 140 within the weld puddle 145 is coordinated with the movement of laser beam 110. In this regard, the motor 1730 may be operatively connected to and communicate with the sensing and control unit 195 and/or directly with laser motion control subsystem 1710/1720. The laser motion control subsystem 1710/1720 includes motor 1710 and optics drive unit 1720. The motor 1710 moves or translates the laser 120 such that the position of the beam 110 relative to the weld puddle 145 is moved during welding. That is, while the laser beam 110 and wire 140 are moved relative to the workpiece 115 during the welding process (i.e., the direction of the weld (see arrow 111)), the laser beam 110 can also be moved relative to the weld puddle 145. For example, based on the welding parameters, the motor 1710 can translate the beam 110 back and forth in-line with the direction of the weld, back and forth along the width of the weld, in a circular pattern, in an elliptical pattern, etc. Alternatively, or in addition to moving the laser beam 110, the optics drive unit 1720 can control the optics of the laser 120, which control the shape and/or intensity of laser beam 110. For example, the optics drive unit 1720 can cause the focal point of the beam 110 to move or change relative to the surface of the workpiece 115, thus changing the penetration or depth of the weld puddle 145. In some exemplary embodiments, the optics drive unit 1720 can cause the optics of the laser 120 to change the shape of the beam 110 and, thus the shape of weld puddle 145. The operation of the laser motion control subsystem 1710/1720 is further discussed US Patent Application No. 13/212,025, titled "Method And System To Start And Use Combination Filler Wire Feed And High Intensity Energy Source For Welding," filed August 7, 2011 , and incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0022] By being able to move the wire 140 relative to the puddle, embodiments of the present invention are capable of adjusting the shape, profile and height of the puddle, as well as obtaining the desired weld puddle admixture during welding. For example, if the weld puddle 145 is relatively large due, the movement of the wire 140 will allow the wire 140 to be deposited and distributed relatively evenly throughout the puddle 145 during welding/cladding. Moreover, it may be desirable to deliver the 140 to certain portions of the puddle 145 at different times during the operation. Embodiments of the present invention allow this to occur by delivering the wire 140 to the proper location in the puddle 145 at the appropriate time. Further, mixing of the weld puddle can be enhanced by moving the wire 140 relative to the puddle during the operation.

[0023] In some exemplary embodiments, the sensing and control unit 195 may synchronize the movement of the wire 140 using the motor 1730 with that of laser beam 110. In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B, the laser beam 110 and wire 140 are both moved in a circular pattern by motors 1710 and 1730, respectively. The relative position of wire 140 with respect to beam 110 can be adjusted by motor 1730 to ensure that, as the beam 110 and wire 140 move forward in the direction of the weld (see arrow 111 ), the wire 140 impinges the weld puddle 145 at a point where the puddle 145 is at its optimum temperature. For example, as shown in Figure 2B, the wire 140 will impinge point X on weld puddle 145 immediately after the beam 110 heats it. Thus, embodiments of the present invention can have the wire 140 follow the movement of the beam 110 (or other heat source) to optimize absorption of the wire 140 into the puddle 145, which is generally shown in Figure 2C. Of course, the exact timing on the optimum impingement point may vary depending on the temperature of the weld puddle 145, the intensity of laser beam 110, the type of filler wire 140, the feed speed of the filler wire 140, etc.

[0024] In addition, the wire 140 and the laser beam 110 may follow other patterns and their movements need not be synchronized. For example, Figures 3A and 3B illustrates an embodiment in which the laser beam 110 and the filler wire 140 are translated back-and-forth along a single line. Depending on whether the beam 110 and wire 140 are translated across the width of the weld puddle 145 (Figure 3A) or in-line with the weld puddle (Figure 3B), these embodiments can be used to either elongate or widen the puddle 145 as needed depending on the desired shape of the weld. Of course numerous other patterns are possible. For example, the beam 110 and the wire 140 can be translated in an elliptical pattern in the weld puddle 145 rather than the circular pattern shown in Figures 2A and 2B. Of course, any combination of such patterns can be used to either elongate or widen the weld puddle 145 as needed to get the desired weld profile. In addition, US Patent Application No. 13/212,025, titled "Method And System To Start And Use Combination Filler Wire Feed And High Intensity Energy Source For Welding," filed August 17, 201 , and incorporated by reference in its entirety, provides additional patterns that may be used in the present invention.

[0025] In some embodiments, the motion of the wire 140 is independent of the motion of the laser beam 110. That is, the patterns of the laser beam 110 and the wire 140 need not be the same. For example, the laser beam 110 may have an elliptical pattern while the wire 140 has a circular or back-and-forth pattern. In still other embodiments, the laser beam 110 can remain stationary with respect to the weld puddle 145, and only the wire 140 is moved or translated relative to the weld puddle 145. [0026] In some exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the filler wire 140 may be used to control the rate of cooling for the weld puddle 145. For example, the filler wire 140 may be cooler than the weld puddle 145 in order to cool and solidify the weld. Such a welding system may be advantageous in out-of- position welding because the weld puddle 145 will start to cool and solidify before it can sag or spill out of the weld joint. However, to prevent undesirable localized (or uneven) cooling or solidification within the weld puddle 145, motor 1730 can move the wire 140 as discussed above to ensure that the cooler filler wire 140 is spread evenly throughout the weld puddle 145. Conversely, in some welding operations, it may be desirable to have the filler wire 140 hotter than the weld puddle 145 in order to prevent the weld puddle 145 from cooling or solidifying too quickly. Again, the filler wire 140 may be moved by motor 1730 to keep the temperature of weld puddle 145 uniform.

[0027] In the embodiment shown in Figures 2A-3B, the filler wire 140 trails the beam 110 during the welding operation. However, that is not necessary as the filler wire 140 can be positioned in the leading position. Further, it is not necessary to have the wire 140 in line with the beam 110 in the travel direction, but the wire can impinge the puddle from any direction so long as the filler wire 140 impacts the same weld puddle 145 as the beam 110.

[0028] In the embodiments discussed above, only one filler wire was used. However, the present invention is not limited to directing a single filler wire to the weld puddle 145. Unlike most welding processes the filler wire 140 makes contact and is plunged into the weld puddle 145 during the welding process. This is because this process does not use a welding arc to transfer the filler wire 140 but rather simply melts the filler wire 140 into the weld puddle 145. Because no welding arc is generated in the welding process described herein, more than one filler wire can be directed to any one weld puddle, i.e. the feeder subsystem may be capable of simultaneously providing one or more filler wires. By increasing the number of filler wires to a given weld puddle the overall deposition rate of the weld process can be significantly increased without a significant increase in heat input. Thus, it is contemplated that open root weld joints can be filled in a single weld pass. In addition, along with the deposition rate of the filler wire, the shape and characteristics of the weld can be changed as desired by using additional filler wires. To the extent multiple filler wires are utilized, and both are heated as described herein, embodiments of the present invention can utilize a single power supply 170 for each wire.

[0029] In some exemplary embodiments, as illustrate in Figures 4A and 4B, two filler wires impinge weld puddle 145. Embodiments where two or more filler wires are used are similar to the embodiments discussed above. Accordingly, for brevity, only the relevant differences will be discussed. As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, the second filler wire 140' impinges the weld puddle 145 in-line with the wire 140 in the width direction. However, this configuration is not limiting and wire 140^* may impinge the puddle 145 in-line with wire 140 in the direction of the weld (see arrow 111). Of course, the wires 140 and 140' need not be in the trailing position as shown in Figure 4A and 4B, and either wire 140' or 140 or both may be in the leading position during welding operations. Wire 140' may be composed of the same material as wire 140 or it may be composed of a different material depending on the desired weld. For example, wire 140' may be used for hard-facing and/or providing corrosion resistance to the workpiece, and wire 140 may be used to add structure to the workpiece.

[0030] In some exemplary embodiments, wire 140' may be controlled by a motor in a manner similar to wire 140 as discussed above. For example, as shown in Figures 4A and 4B, wire 140' is being moved in a clockwise pattern by a motor (not shown) and wire 140 in a counter-clockwise pattern. The movements of wires 140 and 140' can be controlled as discussed above to achieve the desired weld shape. Of course, the wires are not limited to circular patterns or to moving in opposite directions (i.e., clockwise and counter-clockwise). The wires 140 and 140' can be controlled using any combination of the patterns discussed above to achieve the desired weld profile.

[0031] In some embodiments, the second filler wire may be used to control the temperature of the weld 145. For example, the feed rate and/or the temperature of the second filler may be controlled based on the desired temperature of the weld puddle 145. Similar to the exemplary embodiments discussed above, the second filler wire may be cooler or hotter than the weld puddle temperature and wire 140' may be controlled to ensure that the temperature of weld 145 is uniform.

[0032] In Figure 1 , the laser power supply 130, hot wire power supply 170 and sensing and control unit 195 are shown separately for clarity. However, in em- bodiments of the invention these components can be made integral into a single welding system. Aspects of the present invention do not require the individually discussed components above to be maintained as separately physical units or stand alone structures.

[0033] While the invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

150 wire feeder

100 system

160 contact tube

110 laser beam

170 power supply

111 arrow

195 control unit

115 workpiece

710 motor

120 laser device

1720 optics drive unit

130 power supply 1730 wire motor

140 filler wire

140^* wire

145 weld puddle

Claims

1. A method of controlling filler wire, the method comprising:

heating at least one workpiece with a high energy heat source to create a molten puddle on a surface of said at least one workpiece;

feeding a filler wire into said molten puddle;

advancing each of said high energy heat source and said filler wire in a travel direction to deposit said filler wire on said at least one workpiece;

moving said filler wire in at least a first direction during said feeding of said filler wire and said advancing of said filler wire where said at least first direction is different from said travel direction; and

controlling at least said movement of said filler wire in said at least first direction to obtain a desired shape, profile, height, size, or an admixture of a bead formed by said molten puddle.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said movement of said filler wire in said at least first direction includes at least one of a back and forth motion that is inline with said travel direction, a back and forth motion that is transverse to said travel direction, a circular motion, and an elliptical motion.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

preheating said filler wire to at or near a melting temperature of said filler wire prior to said filler wire entering said molten puddle.

The method of any of the claims 1 to 3, wherein said high energy heat source comprises a laser which directs a laser beam onto said at least one workpiece to create said molten puddle, and said method further comprises: moving said laser beam in at least a second direction during said advancing of said high energy heat source where said at least second direction is different from said travel direction,

wherein said controlling to obtain said desired shape, profile, height, size, or admixture of said bead formed by said molten puddle further comprises controlling said movement of said laser beam in said at least second direction, and

wherein said movement of said laser beam in said at least second direction includes at least one of a back and forth motion that is in-line with said travel direction, a back and forth motion that is transverse to said travel direction, a circular motion, and an elliptical motion.

The method of any of the claims 1 to 4, further comprising:

feeding a second filler wire into said molten puddle; and

advancing said second filler wire in said travel direction to deposit said second filler wire on said at least one workpiece,

moving said second filler wire in at least a third direction during said feeding of said second filler wire and said advancing of said second filler wire where said at least third direction is different from said travel direction,

wherein said controlling to obtain said desired shape, profile, height, size, or admixture of said bead formed by said molten puddle further comprises con- trolling said movement of said second filler wire in said at least third direction, and

wherein said movement of said second filler wire in said at least third direction includes at least one of a back and forth motion that is in-line with said travel direction, a back and forth motion that is transverse to said travel direction, a circular motion, and an elliptical motion.

6. The method of any of the claims 1 to 5, wherein said controlling of said movement of said laser beam and/or of said second filler wire in said at least second direction and/or in said at least third direction is synchronized with said controlling of said movement of said filler wire in said at least first direction, or wherein said controlling of said movement of said laser beam and/or of said second filler wire in said at least second direction and/or in said at least third direction is independent of said controlling of said movement of said filler wire in said at least first direction.

7. The method of any of the claims 1 to 6, wherein said at least first direction is a direction that is opposite that of said at least third direction.

8. A system (100) for controlling a filler wire (140, 140^'), the system (100) comprising:

a high intensity energy source which heats at least one workpiece ( 5) to create a molten puddle on a surface of said at least one workpiece (115); a filler wire feeder (150) which feeds a filler wire (140, 140^') into said molten puddle;

a travel direction controller which advances each of said high intensity energy source and said filler wire (140, 140^') in a travel direction to deposit said filler wire (140, 140^') on said at least one workpiece (115); and

a filler wire controller which moves said filler wire (140, 140^') in at least a first direction during said feeding of said filler wire (140, 140^') and said advancing of said filler wire (140, 140^'), where said at least first direction is different from said travel direction,

wherein at least said movement of said filler wire (140, 140^') in said at least first direction is controlled to obtain a desired shape, profile, height, size, or an admixture of a bead formed by said molten puddle.

9. The system (100) of claim 8, wherein said movement of said filler wire (140, 140^') in said at least first direction includes at least one of a back and forth motion that is in-line with said travel direction, a back and forth motion that is transverse to said travel direction, a circular motion, and an elliptical motion.

10. The system (100) of claim 8 or 9, further comprising:

a wire power supply which preheats said filler wire (140, 140^') to at or near a melting temperature of said filler wire (140, 140^') prior to said filler wire (140, 140^') entering said molten puddle.

11. The system (100) of any of the claims 8 to 10, wherein said high intensity energy source comprises a laser (120) which directs a laser beam (110) onto said at least one workpiece (115) to create said molten puddle, and the system (100) further comprises:

a laser beam controller which moves said laser beam (110) in at least a second direction during said advancing of said high intensity energy source where said at least second direction is different from said travel direction, wherein said controlling to obtain said desired shape, profile, height, size, or admixture of said bead formed by said molten puddle further comprises controlling said movement of said laser beam in said at least second direction, and

12. The system (100) of any of the claims 8 to 11 , wherein said controlling of said movement of said laser beam (110) in said at least second direction is synchronized with said controlling of said movement of said filler wire ( 40, 140^') in said at least first direction, and/or wherein said controlling said movement of said laser beam (110) in said at least second direction is independent of said controlling said movement of said filler wire (140, 140^') in said at least first direction.

13. The system (100) of any of the claims 8 to 12, further comprising:

a second filler wire feeder which feeds a second filler wire (140^') to said molten puddle, said travel direction controller further configured to advance said second filler wire (140^') in said travel direction to deposit said second filler wire (140^') on said at least one workpiece (115); and

a second filler wire controller which moves said second filler wire in at least a third direction during said feeding of said second filler wire and said advancing of said second filler wire (140^'), where said at least third direction is different from said travel direction,

wherein said controlling to obtain said desired shape, profile, height, size, or admixture of said bead formed by said molten puddle further comprises controlling said movement of said second filler wire (140^') in said at least third direction, and

wherein said movement of said second filler wire ( 40^') in said at least third direction includes at least one of a back and forth motion that is in-line with said travel direction, a back and forth motion that is transverse to said travel direction, a circular motion, and an elliptical motion.

14. The system (100) of any of the claims 8 to 13, wherein said controlling of said movement of said second filler wire (140^') in said at least third direction is synchronized with said controlling of said movement of said filler wire (140) in said at least first direction, and/or wherein said controlling of said movement of said second filler wire (140^') in said at least third direction is inde- pendent of said controlling of said movement of said filler wire (140^') in said at least first direction.

15. The system (100) of any of the claims 8 to 14, wherein said at least first direction is a direction that is opposite that of said at least third direction.