WO2014005478A1 - 一种在线式钢轨激光加工车 - Google Patents

一种在线式钢轨激光加工车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014005478A1
WO2014005478A1 PCT/CN2013/077200 CN2013077200W WO2014005478A1 WO 2014005478 A1 WO2014005478 A1 WO 2014005478A1 CN 2013077200 W CN2013077200 W CN 2013077200W WO 2014005478 A1 WO2014005478 A1 WO 2014005478A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser processing
rail
vehicle
laser
drive system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2013/077200
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾晓雁
胡乾午
李重洋
郑寅岚
杜敏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WUHAN NRD LASER ENGINEERING Co Ltd
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Original Assignee
WUHAN NRD LASER ENGINEERING Co Ltd
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2012102298336A external-priority patent/CN102776812B/zh
Application filed by WUHAN NRD LASER ENGINEERING Co Ltd, Huazhong University of Science and Technology filed Critical WUHAN NRD LASER ENGINEERING Co Ltd
Priority to US14/375,970 priority Critical patent/US9365983B2/en
Publication of WO2014005478A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014005478A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B31/00Working rails, sleepers, baseplates, or the like, in or on the line; Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices specially designed therefor
    • E01B31/02Working rail or other metal track components on the spot
    • E01B31/18Reconditioning or repairing worn or damaged parts on the spot, e.g. applying inlays, building-up rails by welding; Heating or cooling of parts on the spot, e.g. for reducing joint gaps, for hardening rails

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an on-line rail laser processing vehicle, belonging to the field of steel surface strengthening and toughening treatment and repair technology.
  • the conventional method can only be completed in the production workshop, but in addition to the fixed-point machining in the production workshop, the laser surface strengthening method can also develop special mobile equipment to enable the laser processing equipment to laser-process the rails on-line at the railway site.
  • the Chinese utility model patent document "a railway track laser repair vehicle” (announcement number is CN2622241Y, public date is June 30, 2004).
  • a railway track laser maintenance vehicle is proposed.
  • the railway track laser maintenance vehicle includes a traction control vehicle. And two parts of the track work car.
  • the traction control vehicle is restructured on the basis of the railway railcar.
  • the main difference is that the laser operation master console is installed at the driver's position of the railway railcar.
  • the railcar is rebuilt on the basis of the railway passenger car.
  • the laser light path and the CNC system are set to accurately transmit the laser beam to the rail processing point.
  • the orbital laser repair vehicle in addition to the laser system, laser light path and mobile numerical control system, also has a vehicle damping system, a laser damping system, a rail surface descaling cleaning system, and a rail surface light absorbing material spraying.
  • a vehicle damping system a laser damping system
  • a rail surface descaling cleaning system a rail surface light absorbing material spraying.
  • paint drying systems laser gas supply systems, laser powder supply systems, laser cooling systems, laser air supply systems, laser car bodies, surveillance and lighting systems, cabin seal dedusting systems, etc.
  • this laser maintenance vehicle has the following disadvantages:
  • the device uses a high-power C0 2 laser as a light source, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is relatively low, and the energy consumption is large.
  • the wavelength of the C0 2 laser is 10.6 ⁇ m, and the absorption rate of the metal substrate is very low. It is necessary to spray the light-absorbing paint and dry it to perform laser processing, and the process is complicated.
  • the C0 2 laser light guiding system can only be transmitted by the flying optical path or the hard optical path system. The vibration generated during the operation of the laser maintenance vehicle will inevitably affect the precision of the light guiding system, and it is difficult to ensure the long-term stability of the laser processing process.
  • the laser repair vehicle when the laser repair is performed, the laser repair vehicle is stationary, and the maximum distance that the laser processing head moves along the rail is 1000 mm. Due to the static state of the laser repair car, the distance of the laser processing head to process the rail at one time has been The limitation of the length of the laser repair vehicle body is inconvenient for long-distance repair. In addition, when the laser car is to be moved to the position of the next section of the rail to be repaired, since the running distance of the traction control vehicle cannot be accurate to the centimeter level, it is difficult to accurately locate and arrive.
  • the track line of the railway site is a curved line with good overall trajectory accuracy, but the actual rails fluctuate irregularly along the overall route.
  • the laser processing head cannot adjust the processing position in real time, and the accuracy of the hardening processing trajectory of the laser processing head cannot be ensured.
  • the Chinese invention patent disclosed "an on-line laser processing equipment for the surface toughening treatment of rails" (Patent No.: 200810169671.5).
  • the online laser processing equipment divides the laser processing system into two parts: a laser processing vehicle and a power engineering vehicle.
  • the laser processing vehicle is small in size, light in weight, flexible in maneuverability, convenient in loading and unloading, can effectively avoid trains, and can realize various online strengthening and toughening treatment on the rail surface;
  • the power engineering vehicle includes a generator, a refrigerator, and air pressure. Machines, freeze dryers, laser high voltage power supplies and control systems are relatively heavy equipment.
  • the invention adopts a solid-state laser capable of transmitting fiber as a light source, thereby eliminating complicated flying optical path and reducing the optical path transmission loss of the laser energy;
  • the laser used is a near-infrared laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, and the rail has high absorption rate, so no need for advance Processes such as spray coating and subsequent cleaning of the coating simplifies the process and reduces the size, weight, energy consumption and cost of the equipment.
  • the laser processing trolley and the power engineering vehicle are composed of two separate parts, and the maximum distance between the interconnected optical fibers or cables is 100 meters, which increases the complexity of the online use of the equipment system in the railway field; and the integrated equipment Compared with the system, its reliability is relatively low.
  • the laser processing car is small, light and flexible, it still needs to be installed on the track by manpower or a small forklift, and the fiber or cable system connection and equipment debugging are required on the track. Therefore, the effective time and processing efficiency of the laser toughening treatment on the railway track are affected.
  • the device should also have the basic features of a laser-processed stand-alone system, which should include lasers, Light guide systems, chillers, air compressors, freeze dryers, powder feeders, motion actuators, laser processing heads and control systems for on-line laser toughening and laser cladding repair for railway rails.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an on-line rail laser processing vehicle which can precisely control the speed, distance and precise processing along the track path when the laser processing vehicle processes the rail online, and completes the track, the curve, the guard wheel at the railway site.
  • the laser treatment of rails, ballasts and other rails greatly improves the wear resistance of the processed rails, and meets the wear resistance requirements of railway high-speed and heavy-duty trains.
  • the invention provides an online rail laser processing vehicle, comprising a chassis, a vehicle body mounted on the chassis, a driving control room installed at the front of the vehicle body, and a container installed at the rear of the vehicle body; the generator body and the control system are included in the container a motion actuator and a laser processing head, wherein the driving control room comprises a main console, a CCD monitoring system and a drive switching operating system, the container of the laser processing vehicle is equipped with a dual drive system and a switching mechanism; Electrical connection to the generator set and control system for starting and shutting down the generator set and control system; CCD monitoring system for monitoring the alignment of the laser processing head on the rail surface and processing conditions; drive switching operating system for dual drive systems And the switching mechanism operates to realize switching of the driving system;
  • the control system controls the motion actuator to move according to the set trajectory;
  • the laser processing head moves according to the trajectory set by the control system under the movement of the motion actuator to complete the laser processing on the surface of the rail;
  • the dual drive system and the switching mechanism include a process operation drive system, a conventional on-vehicle operation drive system, and a switching mechanism;
  • the process running drive system is used to provide power drive for the laser processing vehicle during the laser processing process, so that the laser processing vehicle can accurately control the movement speed and distance of the laser processing vehicle, and meet the needs of various laser processing vehicle movements required for laser processing; Used to implement switching between a conventional railway drive system and a process run drive system.
  • the on-line rail laser processing vehicle of the invention comprises a double drive system and a switching mechanism, and the dual drive system is a process operation drive system and a conventional on-vehicle operation drive system, wherein the conventional on-vehicle operation drive system is laser processing in normal operation without laser processing.
  • the car provides power, and the process running drive system powers the laser processing car during processing.
  • the switching between the process running drive system and the conventional on-board operating drive system is accomplished by a switching mechanism.
  • the switching mechanism switches the driving power to the process running driving system, and the operating speed and distance of the laser processing vehicle can be strictly and strictly controlled to meet various laser processing requirements.
  • the switching mechanism will switch to the conventional vehicle-mounted driving system, which can quickly drive away, save time and avoid occupying the track for a long time.
  • the chassis of the online rail laser processing vehicle of the present invention may be a railway flatbed or a railway passenger car chassis, or may be a split type utility vehicle chassis.
  • the upper rail system can be added to the vehicle body. Through the upper rail system, the laser processing car can be placed on any rail section, which improves the flexibility of the upper rail of the laser processing vehicle.
  • the motion actuator of the on-line rail laser processing vehicle of the present invention can be a conventional numerically controlled machine tool or/and a multi-axis industrial robot, etc., on which an optical displacement sensor can be mounted.
  • the laser processing head can be precisely adjusted in real time to the position to be processed on the rail to ensure the accuracy of the processing trajectory of the laser processing vehicle.
  • the invention provides three specific modes of the laser processing head of the on-line rail laser processing vehicle: a mechanical laser processing head, a multi-outlet laser processing head and a galvanometer laser processing head, the first mode is simple in structure, the second The third method has high processing efficiency and can be selected according to different requirements.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the container removed in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the dual drive system and the switching mechanism.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the laser processing head on the motion actuator for laser processing the surface of the rail.
  • Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the motion actuator and laser processing head of Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a mechanical laser processing head.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an implementation form of a multi-outlet laser processing head.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing another implementation form of the multi-optical laser processing head, wherein 9(a) is a main view and 9(b) is a structural schematic view of the optical head frame in Fig. 9(a).
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of a galvanometer laser processing head.
  • FIG 11 is a schematic view of the chassis of the laser processing vehicle which is a split type utility vehicle chassis.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of the addition of the upper rail systems 16 and 16' to Figure 11;
  • Fig. 13 is a view showing the structure and working principle of the upper rail system 16, wherein 13(a) is a main view, and 13(b) is a schematic structural view of the first lifting device in Fig. 13(a).
  • Fig. 14 is a structural schematic view showing the addition of a passenger's cab on the basis of Fig. 1.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of a laser processing vehicle in which a motion actuator is a combination of a numerically controlled machine tool and an industrial robot.
  • Figure 16 is a diagram showing the operation of the motion actuator of Figure 15. Among them: 1, the body; 2, track flat car or rail passenger car chassis; 3, driving control room; 4, container; 5, dual drive system and switching mechanism; 6, grinding and cleaning equipment; 7, refrigerator; 8, laser group 9, motion actuator; 10, light guide system; 11, powder feeder; 12, air compressor; 13, cold dryer; 14, control system; 15, generator set; 16 and 16', upper rail system; 17, laser processing head; 18, CCD monitoring equipment; 19, photoelectric displacement sensor; 20, split-type public iron dual-use chassis.
  • Embodiment 1 is an in-line rail laser processing vehicle implemented in accordance with the present invention.
  • the laser processing vehicle includes a vehicle body 1, a chassis 2, a driving control room 3 installed at the front of the vehicle body 1, and a container 4 at the rear of the vehicle body 1.
  • the body 1 is mounted on the chassis 2
  • the chassis 2 is a track flat car or a rail passenger car chassis, and a drive system for transmitting power, a railway wheel pair system running on the rail, and a steering and braking system are installed at the bottom.
  • the driving control room 3 also has a general console 3.1, a CCD monitoring system 3.2, and a drive switching operating system 3.3. As shown in FIGS.
  • the container 4 of the laser processing vehicle is equipped with a dual drive system and a switching mechanism 5, a sanding and cleaning device 6, a refrigerator 7, a laser group 8, a motion actuator 9, a light guiding system 10, and a delivery unit.
  • the main console 3.1 in the driving control room 3 is used to start and shut down the generator set 15 and the control system 14;
  • the CCD monitoring system 3.2 is used to monitor the alignment posture and processing condition of the laser processing head 17 on the rail surface;
  • 3.3 is used to operate the dual drive system and the switching mechanism 5 to realize the switching of the drive system;
  • the grinding and cleaning device 6 is used for cleaning the surface of the rail to be processed;
  • the generator set 15 is the refrigerator 7, the motion actuator 9, the powder feeder 11.
  • Air compressor 12, cold dryer 13, control system 14 and laser high voltage power supply 16 provide the electrical energy required for operation.
  • the laser high voltage power supply 16 supplies the laser group 8 with the DC high voltage required to generate the laser.
  • the laser group 8 is a fiber laser, a diode-pumped solid-state laser, a lamp-pumped solid-state laser, a semiconductor laser or a disc-shaped (Di sk) laser; and the motion actuator 9 is a conventional numerically controlled machine tool or/and a multi-axis industrial robot.
  • the control system 14 is electrically connected to the refrigerator 7, the laser group 8, the powder feeder 11, the air compressor 12, the cold dryer 13, and the laser high voltage power source 16, controls the opening and closing of each device, and controls the motion actuator 9 according to the setting. Fixed trajectory movement.
  • the laser processing head 17 is moved by the motion actuator 9 in accordance with the trajectory set by the control system 14, and the laser processing of the rail surface is completed.
  • the laser group 8 transmits the laser beam to the laser processing head 17 through the light guiding system 10, Focus and act on the surface of the workpiece.
  • the light guiding system 10 can employ an existing fiber optic transmission system. When a semiconductor laser is used as the light source, the laser group 8 can be connected to the laser processing head 17 through the light guiding system 10 (here, a beam expanding collimation system).
  • the powder feeder 11 is connected to the nozzle of the laser processing head 17 through a conduit.
  • the refrigerator 7 supplies cooling water to the optical lenses on the laser group 8, the light guiding system 10, and the laser processing head 17 through pipes.
  • the air outlet of the air compressor 12 is connected to the air inlet of the dryer 13 through a pipe, and the air outlet of the dryer 13 is connected to the nozzle of the laser processing head 17 through a pipe.
  • the compressed air generated by the air compressor 12 is filtered by the cold dryer 13 to remove liquid substances such as water and oil droplets, and then sent to the laser processing head 17 as a shielding gas through the pipeline to prevent the laser surface treatment process from being generated.
  • the other air outlet of the dryer 13 is connected to the powder feeder 11 through a pipe, and when the powder feeder 11 is opened, the gas is supplied to the laser processing head 17 through a conduit and ejected from the nozzle.
  • the dual drive system and switching mechanism 5 includes a process operation drive system 5.1, a conventional on-vehicle operation drive system 5.3, and a switching mechanism 5.2.
  • Process operation drive system 5.1 includes servo drive motor 5.11 and reducer 5.12, motor 5.11 and reducer 5.12 are connected by flexible coupling.
  • the process operation drive system 5.1 and the conventional on-board operation drive system 5.3 are electrically connected to the control system 14, respectively, and both of them can drive the laser processing vehicle to operate according to the setting of the control system 14.
  • the process running drive system 5.1 is used to provide the laser processing vehicle with power drive during the laser processing process, so that the laser processing vehicle can accurately control the movement speed and distance of the laser processing vehicle, and meet the needs of various laser processing vehicles required for laser processing;
  • the on-board operating drive system 5.3 is used in laser processing vehicles to provide power for laser processing vehicles without laser processing.
  • the switching mechanism 5.2 can be implemented in various ways, either as electrical control of the clutch or as a mechanical structure for gear switching.
  • the switching mechanism 5.2 in Fig. 4 is only one of the mechanical structures.
  • the switching mechanism 5.2 includes a first pinion 5.21, a second pinion 5.22, a large gear 5.23, and an output shaft 5.24, wherein the first pinion 5.21 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft end of the reducer 5.12; the second pinion 5.22 is fixedly mounted in the conventional The output shaft end of the vehicle running drive system 5.3; the large gear 5.23 is mounted on the output shaft 5.24, which can slide left and right; the output shaft 5.24 is connected to the railway wheel pair system through the transmission system of the chassis 2.
  • Switching between the conventional railway drive system 5.3 and the process run drive system 5.1 can be achieved by the switching mechanism 5.2.
  • the control system 14 controls the large gear 5.23 to slide to one side on the output shaft 5.24, meshes with the first pinion 5.21, and the switching mechanism 5.2 is switched to the process running drive system 5.1.
  • the speed and distance of the laser processing vehicle can be strictly and precisely controlled to meet the needs of various laser processing vehicles required for laser processing.
  • control system 14 controls the large gear 5.23 to slide on the output shaft 5.24 to the other side, and meshes with the second pinion 5.22, and switches Institution 5.2 switches to the conventional on-board operating drive system 5.3, which drives away quickly, saves time, and avoids taking up the track for a long time.
  • the motion actuator 9 and the laser processing head 17 on the laser processing machine perform laser processing on the rail.
  • the motion actuator 9 is one of the common forms of numerically controlled machine tools, including a column 9.1, a beam 9.2, a right longitudinal beam 9.3, and a left longitudinal beam 9.4.
  • Column 9.1, beam 9.2, right longitudinal beam 9.3 and left longitudinal beam 9.4 are internally equipped with ball screw nut pairs, wherein the ball screw is driven by a servo motor.
  • the beam 9.2 can be moved up and down on the column 9.1
  • the right longitudinal beam 9.3 can be moved left and right on the beam 9.2, and the left longitudinal beam 9.4 is fixedly mounted on the beam 9.2.
  • the right longitudinal beam 9.3 is mounted with a laser processing head 17 movable up and down, the bottom of the laser processing head 17 is mounted with a CCD monitoring device 18; and the left longitudinal beam 9.4 is mounted with a photoelectric displacement sensor movable along the upper and lower beams 9.4 19.
  • the CCD monitoring device 18 is in communication with the CCD monitoring system 3.2, and the CCD monitoring device 18 transmits the monitored picture to the CCD monitoring system 3.2.
  • the photoelectric displacement sensor 19 is electrically coupled to the control system 14, and the control system 14 receives the data acquired by the photoelectric displacement sensor 19, and issues an instruction to cause the motion actuator 9 to perform a corresponding action.
  • the operation of the dual drive system and the switching mechanism 5 is first switched by the drive switching system 3.3, and switched to the conventional in-vehicle operation drive system 5.3, and the laser processing car is driven to the rail by the drive system.
  • the road section to be processed is then switched to the process operation drive system 5.1 by the operation of the drive switching system 3.3 for the dual drive system and the switching mechanism 5.
  • the main console 3.1 activates the switches of the genset 15 and the control system 14, and then the control system 14 controls the start chiller 7, the laser set 8, the motion actuator 9, the powder feeder 11, the air compressor 12, the cold dryer 13 and the laser high voltage power supply 16 switch, so that each device is in standby state.
  • the control system 14 controls the beam 9.2 in the motion actuator 9 to move down the column 9.1 to the appropriate position, the right stringer 9.3 descends with the beam 9.2, and then drives the laser processing head 17 along the right stringer.
  • 9.3 Lowering to the position above the rail to be treated, the photoelectric displacement sensor 19 is lowered along the left longitudinal beam 9.4 to a parallel distance from the inside of the rail.
  • the control system 14 issues an instruction to cause the laser group 7 to emit a laser beam according to the set parameters, and the laser processing vehicle is driven by the process operation driving system 5.1.
  • the set parameters to run forward on the rail.
  • the laser processing vehicle In the laser processing process, due to the serpentine shape of the railway track, the laser processing vehicle also moves forward in a serpentine shape.
  • the photoelectric displacement sensor 19 measures its initial distance from the inner side of the rail to the inner side of the rail.
  • the displacement variation between the two, and the displacement variation is fed back to the control system 14, and the control system 14 then controls the right longitudinal beam 9.3 to make a corresponding displacement on the beam 9.2 according to the displacement variation, thereby ensuring laser processing in real time.
  • the head 17 is always precisely aligned with the rail to be treated to achieve an accurate trajectory for laser processing of the laser processing vehicle.
  • the laser processing head 17 has three structural forms, the first one is a mechanical laser processing head 17.1, as shown in FIG. 7;
  • the second type is a multi-port laser processing head, and there are two specific embodiments 17.2 and 17.3, as shown in Figs. 8, 9; the third is a galvanometer laser processing head 17.4, as shown in Fig. 10.
  • the mechanical laser processing head 17.1 comprises a servo motor 17.1.1, a mirror 17.1.2, and a mirror 17.1.3, wherein the mirror 17.1.3 is fixedly mounted on the frame of the mechanical laser processing head 17.1.
  • the mirror 17.1.2 is mounted on the output shaft of the servo motor 17.1.1, and the servo motor 17.1.1 can drive the mirror 17.1.2 to swing.
  • the single-beam laser scanning process can be performed on the rail by the mechanical laser processing head 17.1.
  • the first multi-ejecting laser processing head 17.2 comprises a first bracket 17.2.1 and a second bracket 17.2.2, and a hollow shaft 17.2.3 which can be swung is movably mounted between the two brackets, and the hollow shaft 17.2 .3 is fixedly mounted with a first reflective transmission lens 17.32, a second reflective transmission lens 17.32, a third reflection transmission mirror 17.2.33, a fourth reflection transmission mirror 17.2.34 and a mirror 17.2.35.
  • Each of the reflection mirrors and the mirrors is a 45-degree reflection, wherein the first reflection transmission mirror 17.2.31 and the fourth reflection transmission mirror 17.2.34 have a reflection transmittance of 1:1, and the second reflection transmission mirror 17.2.32 The reflection transmittance is 1:3, and the reflection transmittance of the third reflection transmission mirror 17.2.33 is 1:2.
  • the laser beam 17.2.41 is divided into a reflected beam 17.2.42 and a transmitted beam 17.2.43 through the first reflection transmission mirror 17.2.31, and the reflected beam 17.2.42 passes through the second reflection transmission mirror 17.3.22 and the third reflection transmission mirror 17.2. 33.
  • the fourth reflection transmission mirror 17.2.34 and the reflector 17.2.35 finally obtain four laser beams of equal energy to act on the rail through the respective light exit ports.
  • Transmission beam 17.2.43 Four laser beams of equal energy are divided into the same way to act on the rail through the respective light exits.
  • the multi-pass laser processing head 17.2 can include more than three reflective mirrors or mirrors with different reflection and transmittance, so that one laser beam can be divided into multiple beams of equal energy. When these reflective mirrors and mirrors oscillate with the hollow shaft 17.2.3, multiple beams are simultaneously scanned and the rail is scanned.
  • the second multi-exhaust laser processing head 17.3 comprises a first motor 17.3.1, a first motor output shaft 17.3.2, a frame 17.3.3, a cam 17.3.4, a second motor 17.3 .5. Hinge 17.3.6, strut 17.3.7 and head frame 17.3.8.
  • the cam 17.3.4, the second motor 17.3.5, the hinge 17.3.6, the strut 17.3.7 and the head frame 17.3.8 are all mounted in the frame 17.3.3
  • the optical head frame 17.3.8 is mounted on the strut 17.3.7 The end.
  • the first motor 17.3.1 drives the cam 17.3.4, the second motor 17.3.5, the hinge 17.3.6, the strut 17.3.7 and the head frame 17.3 mounted in the frame 17.3.3 via the first motor output shaft 17.3.2.
  • the oscillating motion is centered on the first motor output shaft 17.3.2.
  • the second motor 17.3.5 drives the cam 17.3.4 to rotate in the output shaft of the second motor 17.35, thereby driving the strut 17.3.7 and the optical head frame 17.3.8 to oscillate about the hinge 17.3.6.
  • the optical head frame 17.3.8 includes two sets of collimating focusing mirror systems 17.3.8, a light exiting port group 17.3.83, and a support frame 17.3.82 supporting both front and rear mounting.
  • the light exit group 17.3.83 may contain one or more light exit ports to achieve multiple beams Laser processing is also performed at the same time.
  • the galvanometer laser processing head 17.4 is a typical double galvanometer structure, including the first dedicated motor 17.4.1, the first galvanometer 17.4.2, the field lens 17.4.3, and the second dedicated motor 17.4. .4 and second galvanometer 17.4.5.
  • the first galvanometer 17.4.1 and the second galvanometer 17.4.2 are respectively mounted on the output shafts of the first dedicated motor 17.4.1 and the second dedicated motor 17.4.4, respectively, and the first dedicated motor 17.4.1 and the The output shaft of the special motor 17.4.4 is oscillated at the center to adjust the position of the laser beam in two different directions.
  • the laser beam finally acts on the workpiece through the field lens 17.4.3.
  • the laser can be quickly scanned by program control.
  • a passenger's cab 3' may be added to the rear of the vehicle body, and the passenger's cab 3' is mainly used for the passenger to observe the rear track of the vehicle when the vehicle is running on the track, the first officer There is a simple control button in the room 3'. In case of sudden situation, it can be braked or parked urgently, mainly for safety protection.
  • the dual drive system and the switching mechanism 5 of the first embodiment can switch the drive system according to different working conditions of the laser processing vehicle.
  • precise operation can be performed on the railway track according to the process requirements, thereby ensuring the accuracy of laser processing.
  • the motion actuator 9 of the first embodiment is mounted with a photoelectric displacement sensor 19, and the photoelectric displacement sensor 19 can adjust the position of the laser processing head 17 in real time according to the rail trajectory, so that the laser processing head 17 is always aligned with the rail to be processed. Position, thus ensuring an accurate trajectory of laser processing.
  • the laser processing head 17 of the first embodiment has three forms, including a mechanical laser processing head 17.1, a multi-disc laser processing head 17.2, 17.3, and a galvanometer laser processing head 17.4.
  • a CCD monitor head 18 is mounted on the bottom of the laser processing head 17.
  • Multi-optic laser processing heads 17.2, 17.3 can realize multi-spot simultaneous laser processing
  • galvanometer laser processing head 17.4 can realize programmable laser scanning.
  • the first method has a simple structure, and the second and third modes have high processing efficiency and can be selected according to different requirements.
  • Embodiment 2 is a public-purpose dual-purpose laser processing vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 uses the split-type utility vehicle chassis 20 so that the laser processing vehicle can be It runs on the railway and can also run on the road.
  • the split type utility vehicle chassis 20 is used, the conventional in-vehicle operating drive system 5.3 in the dual drive system and the switching mechanism 5 is the drive system of the split type utility vehicle; the driving control room 3 is followed by Corresponding changes, the internal driving operating system is changed to the driving system of the truck, and the indoor console 3.1, CCD monitoring system 3.2 and drive switching operating system 3.3 are also installed.
  • the drive switching operating system 3.3 is used to operate the dual drive system and the switching mechanism 5 to drive the drive system 5.1 and the drive system of the split-type utility vehicle. Line switching.
  • the driving system of the split-type railroad car has a public iron mode conversion system, through which the walking mode of the public-rail dual-purpose laser processing vehicle from "road to railway” and from “railway to highway” can be realized. Conversion.
  • Embodiment 3 is another form of a dual-purpose laser processing vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 differs from Embodiment 2 in that upper rail systems 16 and 16' are added to the split-type utility vehicle chassis 20, since the upper rail systems 16 and 16' are applied to The hydraulic cylinder requires an additional hydraulic system in the container 4, and an operating platform for controlling the upper rail systems 16 and 16' and the hydraulic system is also required in the driving control room 3.
  • the other parts of the cast iron laser processing vehicle are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the upper rail system 16 includes four sets of lifting devices and a set of lateral telescopic devices 16.5, and the four sets of lifting devices are respectively a first lifting device 16.1, a second lifting device 16.2, a third lifting device 16.3 and The fourth lifting device 16.4.
  • the transverse expansion device 16.5 comprises a hydraulic cylinder 16.51 and a piston rod 16.52, wherein the piston rod 16.52 is fixedly connected to the hydraulic cylinder 16.51, the other end is fixedly connected to the second lifting device 16.2; the other end of the transverse expansion device 16.5 and the first lifting device 16.1 Fixed connection with rack 16.7 installed at the bottom.
  • the third lifting device 16.3 and the fourth lifting device 16.4 are connected by a connecting rod 16.6, the connecting rod 16.6 is fixedly mounted inside the square frame 16.10, and the square frame 16.10 is fixedly mounted on the split type utility vehicle chassis 20, the split type public A hydraulic motor 16.9 and a gear 16.8 are mounted inside the iron dual-purpose vehicle chassis 20, and the hydraulic motor 16.9 is coupled to the gear 16.8 shaft.
  • the transverse expansion device 16.5 is mounted inside the square frame 16.10 by the engagement of its bottom rack 16.7 with the gear 16.8.
  • the first lifting device 16.1 includes a hydraulic cylinder 16.11, a piston rod 16.12 and an lifting sleeve 16.13, wherein the piston rod 16.12 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 16.11 and the other end is connected to the lifting sleeve 16.13.
  • the second lifting device 16.2, the third lifting device 16.3 and the fourth lifting device 16.4 are identical in structure to the first lifting device 16.1.
  • the upper rail system 16' has the same structure as the upper rail system 16. Through the upper rail system 16 and 16 ', it is possible to achieve a safe upper rail of the laser processing vehicle on any track section.
  • the hydraulic system within the container 4 provides hydraulic power to the hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors of the upper rail systems 16 and 16' which are used to open and close the hydraulic system and to control the amount of power provided by the hydraulic system.
  • the upper rail of the dual-purpose laser processing vehicle is implemented as follows.
  • the increased hydraulic system controls the hydraulic cylinders in the first lifting device 16.1 and the third lifting device 16.3 in the upper rail system 16 to push the lifting sleeve downward through the piston rod,
  • Supporting a square frame 16.10 fixedly mounted on the split-type utility vehicle chassis 20 the first lifting device 16 in the upper rail system 16' and the third lifting device 16.3' also support the square frame 16.10'
  • the square frames 16.10 and 16.10' bear the weight of the entire laser processing car, Raise the entire car body above the railway track.
  • the second lifting device 16.2 is extended to a certain length by the hydraulic cylinder 16.51 in the transverse telescopic device 16.5 by the piston rod 15.52, and then the second lifting device 16.2 is extended downward.
  • the third, third lifting device 16.3 is retracted upwardly to the initial position, at which time the first lifting device 16.1 and the second lifting device 16.2 support the square frame 16.10, as is the upper rail system 16', thereby supporting the laser processing vehicle.
  • the split type utility vehicle chassis 20 is moved to the right by the internal hydraulic motor 16.19 driving gear 16.8, thereby driving the entire vehicle body to expand and contract in the lateral direction.
  • the device 16.5 moves laterally to the right until it moves over the rail.
  • the first lifting device 16.1 and the second lifting device 16.2 Shrink to the initial position, and at the same time, the transverse telescopic device 16.5 is also contracted to the initial position, thereby completing the task of the upper rail of the dual-purpose laser processing vehicle.
  • the upper rail of any rail section can be used, and on the basis of the second embodiment, the flexibility of the upper rail of the public-metal dual-purpose laser processing vehicle is greatly improved.
  • Embodiment 4 is still another form of a dual-purpose laser processing vehicle according to the present invention.
  • the difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that the laser machining motion actuator 9 is not a conventional CNC machine tool form, but a combination of a CNC machine tool and an industrial robot.
  • the motion actuator 9 includes a column 9.1, a seesaw 9.5, and an industrial robot 9.6.
  • the column 9.1 is internally fitted with a ball screw nut pair, wherein the ball screw is driven by a servo motor.
  • the robot 9.6 is mounted on the seesaw 9.5, with the seesaw 9.5 moving up and down the column 9.1; the end of the industrial robot 9.6 is equipped with a laser processing head 17, and the bottom of the laser processing head 17 is also equipped with a CCD monitoring device 18.
  • the control system 14 needs to increase the control of the industrial robot accordingly.
  • the control system 14 first controls the seesaw 9.5 in the motion actuator 9 to carry the industrial robot 9.6 down the column 9.1 to the appropriate position, and then control each of the industrial robots 9.6.
  • the shaft cooperates to move the laser processing head 17 to a suitable processing station to achieve laser processing on the rail surface.
  • the other parts of the dual-purpose laser processing car of the fourth embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.

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Abstract

一种在线式钢轨激光加工车,包括底盘(2),车身(1),驾驶控制室(3)和集装箱(4)。驾驶控制室(3)包括总控制台(3.1)、CCD监视系统(3.2)和驱动切换操作系统(3.3)。集装箱(4)内安装有带工艺运行驱动系统(5.1)、常规车载运行驱动系统(5.3)以及切换机构(5.2)的双驱动系统及切换机构(5),工艺运行驱动系统(5.1)为激光加工车在激光加工时提供动力驱动,可以精确控制激光加工车工艺运行时的速度和位移,切换机构(5.2)用于实现常规车载运行驱动系统(5.3)与工艺运行驱动系统(5.1)两者之间的切换。可以保证激光加工车在线处理钢轨时的精确加工轨迹,可以在铁路现场完成各种钢轨的激光处理,使加工后的钢轨耐磨性大幅度提高,满足铁路高速、重载列车对钢轨的耐磨性要求。

Description

一种在线式钢轨激光加工车
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种在线式钢轨激光加工车, 属于钢轨表面强韧化处理和修复技术领 域。
【背景技术】
随着列车速度、 运量和轴重的提高, 钢轨由于受到车轮的撞击和摩擦的双重作用, 磨损失效的速率越来越快。国内外一般常规提高钢轨寿命的方法主要集中在钢轨热处理 方法和钢轨材料两方面。 随着激光技术的快速发展, 国内外学者将激光表面强化技术应 用于钢轨的表面处理, 并取得了较好的实验效果。
常规的方法只能在生产车间内完成,但是激光表面强化的方法除了可以在生产车间 内实现定点加工, 还可开发专用的移动式装备, 使激光加工设备在铁道现场在线对钢轨 进行激光处理。
中国实用新型专利文献"一种铁路轨道激光维修车" (公告号为 CN2622241Y, 公开 日为 2004年 06月 30日) 提出了一种铁路轨道激光维修车, 该铁路轨道激光维修车包 括牵引控制车和轨道作业车两部分。 牵引控制车是在铁路轨道车的基础上改制的, 主要 区别在于在铁路轨道车的司机位置处设有激光作业总控制台; 轨道作业车是在铁路客车 的基础上改制完成的, 其上设置有一台或两台大功率 C02激光器。激光光路和数控系统 的设置可精确地将激光束传输到钢轨加工点上。 为了保证轨道激光作业的顺利完成, 轨 道激光修复车除了激光器系统、 激光光路及移动数控系统之外, 还有车辆减震系统、 激 光器减震系统、 钢轨表面除锈清洗系统、 钢轨面吸光材料喷涂系统、 涂料烘干系统、 激 光器供气系统、 激光器供粉系统、 激光器冷却系统、 激光器供风系统、 激光车车体、 监 视及照明系统、 车厢密封除尘系统等。
根据上述描述, 这种激光维修车存在如下几个不足:
第一, 该设备采用高功率 C02激光器作为光源, 其光电转换效率相对较低, 耗能大。 C02激光器的波长为 10. 6微米, 金属基体对其吸收率很低, 必须喷涂吸光涂料并烘干才 能进行激光加工, 工序比较复杂。 C02激光器导光系统只能采用飞行光路或者硬光路系 统传输, 激光维修车运行过程中产生的震动会不可避免地影响导光系统的精密性, 难以 确保激光加工过程的长期稳定性。
第二, 该设备在进行激光维修时, 激光维修车是静止的, 激光加工头顺钢轨移动的 最大距离为 1000mm。 由于激光维修车的静止,激光加工头一次性加工钢轨的距离受到了 激光维修车车身长度的限制, 对于长距离的修复造成不便。 另外, 当激光车要运行到下 一段待修复钢轨的位置时, 由于牵引控制车运行距离无法精确到厘米级, 故难以准确地 定位抵达。
第三, 相对于激光加工要求的精确轨迹而言, 铁路现场的轨道线路为总体轨迹精度 好、 但实际钢轨沿着总体路线无规律波动的曲线线路。 该发明中的激光加工头不能实时 调整加工位置, 则不能保证激光加工头硬化加工轨迹的准确性。
针对上述专利文献中存在的不足, 2008年, 中国发明专利公开了 "一种用于钢轨表 面强韧化处理的在线激光加工设备"(专利号: 200810169671.5)。 该在线激光加工设备 将激光加工系统分为激光加工车和动力工程车两部分。 其中, 激光加工车体积小, 重量 轻, 机动灵活, 装卸方便, 能够有效地避让列车, 可在钢轨表面实现各种在线强韧化处 理; 动力工程车内包含有发电机、 制冷机、 空压机、 冷干机、 激光器高压电源和控制系 统等重量相对较大的设备。 该发明采用可光纤传输的固体激光器作为光源, 省却了复杂 的飞行光路, 降低了激光能量的光路传输损耗;所采用激光器为波长 1064nmn的近红外 激光器, 钢轨对其吸收率高, 因此不需要预先喷涂涂料及后续的清洗涂料等工序, 简化 了工艺, 降低了设备的体积、 重量、 能耗及造价。
然而, 上述在线激光加工设备仍然具有以下不足之处:
第一, 激光加工小车和动力工程车由分离的两个部分组成, 互相连接的光纤或电缆 的最大距离为 100米, 使设备系统在铁路现场在线使用的复杂程度增加; 与一体化的整 套设备系统相比, 其可靠性也相对较低。
第二, 激光加工小车虽然体积小、 重量轻、 机动灵活, 但仍然需要用人力或者小型 叉车实现在轨道上的安装, 并需要在轨道上进行光纤或电缆系统的连接和设备调试。 因 此, 在铁路轨道上进行激光强韧化处理的有效时间和加工效率受到影响。
第三, 在线激光加工设备的动力工程车靠近铁路轨道的方式有时受到限制。 在一些 特殊的路段 (如山区铁路), 动力工程车不能方便地靠近铁路轨道, 其自身的车轮系统 又不能够在铁路轨道上直接行驶,使得这种使用激光加工小车加动力工程车的组合式在 线激光加工设备使用范围和使用效率受到限制。
综上所述,如何进一步提高钢轨在线激光处理设备的机动性以及激光加工轨迹的精 确性是确保该技术能够在铁路运输线得到应用的关键。 对于在线式激光加工设备而言, 如果它既能够在铁路上保持精确运动, 又能够在激光加工完毕后快速离开, 显然更具有 实用价值。此外,该设备还应该具备激光加工独立系统的基本特征, 即应该包括激光器、 导光系统、 制冷机、 空压机、 冷干机、 送粉器、 运动执行机构、 激光加工头和控制系统 等, 以适用于铁路钢轨的在线式激光强韧化处理和激光熔覆修复。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是提供一种在线式钢轨激光加工车,可以精密控制激光加工车在线处 理钢轨时运行的速度、 距离以及沿轨道路线实现精确加工, 在铁路现场完成包括正轨、 弯道、 护轮轨、 道岔各种钢轨等的激光处理, 使加工后的钢轨耐磨性大幅度提高, 满足 铁路高速、 重载列车对钢轨的耐磨性要求。
本发明提供的一种在线式钢轨激光加工车, 包括底盘, 安装在底盘上的车身, 安装 在车身前部的驾驶控制室, 以及安装在车身后部的集装箱; 集装箱内包括发电机组、 控 制系统、运动执行机构和激光加工头,其特征在于,所述驾驶控制室包括总控制台、 CCD 监视系统和驱动切换操作系统, 该激光加工车的集装箱安装有双驱动系统及切换机构; 总控制台与发电机组及控制系统电连接, 用于启动和关闭发电机组和控制系统; CCD 监视系统用来监视激光加工头对钢轨表面的对位姿态和加工状况; 驱动切换操作 系统用来对双驱动系统及切换机构进行操作实现驱动系统的切换;
控制系统控制运动执行机构按照设定的轨迹运动;激光加工头在运动执行机构的带 动下按照控制系统所设定的轨迹运动, 完成钢轨表面的激光处理;
双驱动系统及切换机构包括工艺运行驱动系统、常规车载运行驱动系统以及切换机 构;
工艺运行驱动系统用于激光加工过程中为激光加工车提供动力驱动,使激光加工车 精确地控制激光加工车的运动速度和距离,满足各种激光加工所需激光加工车运动的需 求; 切换机构用于实现常规铁路驱动系统与工艺运行驱动系统两者之间的切换。 本发明在线式钢轨激光加工车包含双驱动系统及切换机构,双驱动系统分别为工艺 运行驱动系统和常规车载运行驱动系统,其中常规车载运行驱动系统是在正常运行不进 行激光加工时为激光加工车提供动力,工艺运行驱动系统是在进行工艺加工时为激光加 工车提供动力。工艺运行驱动系统和常规车载运行驱动系统的切换是通过切换机构来完 成的。 当激光加工车在钢轨上进行激光加工时, 切换机构将驱动动力切换到工艺运行驱 动系统, 则可严格精确地控制激光加工车的运行速度和距离, 满足各种激光加工工艺要 求。 当激光加工车加工完毕, 切换机构将切换到常规车载运行驱动系统, 可快速行驶离 开, 节约时间, 避免长时间占用了轨道。 本发明在线式钢轨激光加工车的底盘可以是铁路平板车或铁路客车底盘,也可以是 分动式公铁两用车底盘。当本发明在线式钢轨激光加工车的底盘为分动式公铁两用车底 盘时, 可以在车身上增加上轨系统。 通过上轨系统, 激光加工车可以在任意钢轨路段上 轨, 提高了激光加工车上轨的灵活性。
本发明在线式钢轨激光加工车的运动执行机构可以采用常规的数控机床或 /和多轴 工业机器人等, 其上可以安装光电位移感应器。 当激光加工车在轨道上蛇形前行时, 可 以实时调整激光加工头精确对准钢轨上待加工的位置,保证激光加工车加工轨迹的精确 性。
本发明提供了在线式钢轨激光加工车的激光加工头的三种具体方式:机械式激光加 工头、 多出光口式激光加工头和振镜式激光加工头, 第一种方式结构简单, 第二、 第三 种方式加工效率高, 可以根据不同的要求进行选择。
【附图说明】
图 1为本发明的一种具体实施方式的结构示意图。
图 2为图 1去掉集装箱的主视图。
图 3为图 2的俯视图。
图 4为双驱动系统及切换机构原理图。
图 5为运动执行机构上的激光加工头在对钢轨表面进行激光处理的示意图。
图 6为图 5中的运动执行机构以及激光加工头的侧视图。
图 7为机械式激光加工头示意图。
图 8为多出光口式激光加工头一种实现形式示意图。
图 9为多出光口式激光加工头另一种实现形式示意图, 其中 9(a)为主视图, 9(b)为 图 9(a) 中光头框架的结构示意图。
图 10为振镜式激光加工头示意图。
图 11为激光加工车的底盘为分动式公铁两用车底盘的示意图。
图 12为在图 11的基础上增加了上轨系统 16和 16 ' 的示意图。
图 13为上轨系统 16的结构及工作原理图,其中 13(a)为主视图, 13(b)为图 13(a) 中 第一升降装置的结构示意图。
图 14为在图 1的基础上增设一个副驾驶室的结构示意图。
图 15为运动执行机构是数控机床与工业机器人相结合的激光加工车的结构示意图。 图 16为图 15中的运动执行机构的工作原理图。 其中: 1、 车身; 2、 轨道平车或轨道客车底盘; 3、 驾驶控制室; 4、 集装箱; 5、 双驱动系统及切换机构; 6、 打磨清理设备; 7、 制冷机; 8、 激光器组; 9、 运动执行机 构; 10、 导光系统; 11、 送粉器; 12、 空压机; 13、 冷干机; 14、 控制系统; 15、 发电 机组; 16和 16'、 上轨系统; 17、 激光加工头; 18、 CCD监视设备; 19、 光电位移感应 器; 20、 分动式公铁两用车底盘。
【具体实 »式】
为了使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白, 以下结合附图及实施例, 对 本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例 1为根据本发明实施的在线式钢轨激光加工车。
如图 1、 3所示, 该激光加工车包括有车身 1、 底盘 2、 安装在车身 1前部的驾驶控 制室 3以及车身 1后部的集装箱 4。 其中, 车身 1安装在底盘 2上, 底盘 2为轨道平车 或轨道客车底盘, 其底部安装有用于传递动力的传动系统、 在钢轨上行驶的铁路轮对系 统、 以及转向和制动系统。 驾驶控制室 3内除了设有常规驾驶操作系统之外, 还设有总 控制台 3.1、 CCD监视系统 3.2和驱动切换操作系统 3.3。 如图 2、 3所示, 该激光加工 车的集装箱 4内安装有双驱动系统及切换机构 5、打磨清理设备 6、制冷机 7、激光器组 8、 运动执行机构 9、 导光系统 10、 送粉器 11、 空压机 12、 冷干机 13、 控制系统 14、 发电机组 15、 激光器高压电源 16和激光加工头 17。
驾驶控制室 3内的总控制台 3.1是用来启动和关闭发电机组 15和控制系统 14; CCD 监视系统 3.2用来监视激光加工头 17对钢轨表面的对位姿态和加工状况;驱动切换操作 系统 3.3用来对双驱动系统及切换机构 5进行操作实现驱动系统的切换; 打磨清理设备 6用于对待处理的钢轨表面进行清理工作; 发电机组 15为制冷机 7、 运动执行机构 9、 送粉器 11、 空压机 12、 冷干机 13、 控制系统 14和激光器高压电源 16提供工作所需要 的电能。 激光器高压电源 16给激光器组 8提供产生激光所需要的直流高压电。 其中, 激光器组 8为光纤激光器、 二极管泵浦固体激光器、 灯泵浦固体激光器、 半导体激光器 或盘片状 (Di sk)激光器; 运动执行机构 9为常规的数控机床或 /和多轴工业机器人。
控制系统 14与制冷机 7、 激光器组 8、 送粉器 11、 空压机 12、 冷干机 13和激光器 高压电源 16电连接, 控制各器件的开与关, 并控制运动执行机构 9按照设定的轨迹运 动。 激光加工头 17在运动执行机构 9的带动下按照控制系统 14所设定的轨迹运动, 完 成钢轨表面的激光处理。 激光器组 8通过导光系统 10将激光束传输到激光加工头 17, 聚焦并作用于工件表面。 导光系统 10可以采用现有的光纤传输系统, 当使用半导体激 光器作为光源时, 可以将激光器组 8通过导光系统 10 (在这里是扩束准直系统)和激光 加工头 17相连。 送粉器 11通过导管与激光加工头 17的喷嘴相连。
制冷机 7通过管道给激光器组 8、 导光系统 10及激光加工头 17上的光学镜片提供 冷却水。 空压机 12的出风口通过管道与冷干机 13的入风口相连通, 冷干机 13的出风 口通过管道与激光加工头 17的喷嘴相连。 空压机 12产生的压縮空气在经过冷干机 13 过滤后, 消除掉其中的水、 油滴等液态物质, 再通过管道输送给激光加工头 17作为保 护气体, 防止激光表面处理过程中产生的灰尘、 烟雾污染激光加工头 17上的聚焦镜。 冷干机 13的另一个出风口通过管道与送粉器 11相连, 在送粉器 11开启时, 该气体将 合金粉末通过导管输送到激光加工头 17, 并从喷嘴喷出。
如图 4所示, 双驱动系统及切换机构 5包括工艺运行驱动系统 5.1、 常规车载运行 驱动系统 5.3以及切换机构 5.2。工艺运行驱动系统 5.1包括是伺服驱动电机 5.11和减速 机 5.12, 电机 5.11和减速机 5.12通过弹性联轴器相连。
工艺运行驱动系统 5.1和常规车载运行驱动系统 5.3分别与控制系统 14电连接,两 者均可以根据控制系统 14 的设置来带动激光加工车进行运行。 工艺运行驱动系统 5.1 用于激光加工过程中为激光加工车提供动力驱动,使激光加工车精确地控制激光加工车 的运动速度和距离, 满足各种激光加工所需激光加工车运动的需求; 常规车载运行驱动 系统 5.3用于激光加工车在不进行激光加工时为激光加工车提供动力驱动。
切换机构 5.2有多种实现形式, 可以是离合器的电气控制, 也可以是齿轮切换的机 械结构, 图 4中的切换机构 5.2只是其中一种机械结构形式。 切换机构 5.2包括第一小 齿轮 5.21、 第二小齿轮 5.22、 大齿轮 5.23以及输出轴 5.24, 其中第一小齿轮 5.21固定 安装在减速机 5.12的输出轴端; 第二小齿轮 5.22固定安装在常规车载运行驱动系统 5.3 的输出轴端; 大齿轮 5.23活动安装在输出轴 5.24, 可以左右滑动; 输出轴 5.24通过底 盘 2的传动系统与铁路轮对系统相连。
通过切换机构 5.2可以实现常规铁路驱动系统 5.3与工艺运行驱动系统 5.1两者之间 的切换。 当激光加工车需要在钢轨上进行加工时, 控制系统 14则控制大齿轮 5.23在输 出轴 5.24上向一侧滑动,与第一小齿轮 5.21啮合,切换机构 5.2则切换到了工艺运行驱 动系统 5.1, 通过对控制系统 14的设置, 即可严格精确地控制激光加工车的运动速度和 距离, 满足各种激光加工所需激光加工车运动的需求。 当激光加工车加工完毕, 控制系 统 14则控制大齿轮 5.23在输出轴 5.24上向另一侧滑动,与第二小齿轮 5.22啮合,切换 机构 5.2则切换到常规车载运行驱动系统 5.3, 快速行驶离开, 节约时间, 避免长时间占 用了轨道。
如图 5所示, 激光加工车上的运动执行机构 9和激光加工头 17在钢轨上进行激光 加工。 如图 6所示, 运动执行机构 9是常见的数控机床形式之一, 包括立柱 9.1、 横梁 9.2、 右纵梁 9.3和左纵梁 9.4。 立柱 9.1、 横梁 9.2、 右纵梁 9.3和左纵梁 9.4内部均安装 有滚珠丝杆螺母副, 其中滚珠丝杆由伺服电机驱动。 横梁 9.2可在立柱 9.1上升降运动, 右纵梁 9.3可在横梁 9.2上左右运动, 左纵梁 9.4固定安装在横梁 9.2上。 其中, 右纵梁 9.3上安装有可沿其上下移动的激光加工头 17, 激光加工头 17的底部安装有 CCD监视 设备 18; 左纵梁 9.4上安装有可沿其上下移动的光电位移感应器 19。 CCD监视设备 18 与 CCD监视系统 3.2通讯连接, CCD监视设备 18将监测到的画面传输到 CCD监视系 统 3.2。光电位移感应器 19与控制系统 14电连接,控制系统 14接收光电位移感应器 19 采集的数据, 下达指令使运动执行机构 9做出相应的动作。
当激光加工车要进行激光加工时, 首先通过驱动切换操作系统 3.3对双驱动系统及 切换机构 5的操作, 切换到常规车载运行驱动系统 5.3, 激光加工车在该驱动系统的带 动下运行到钢轨待加工的路段, 然后再通过驱动切换操作系统 3.3对双驱动系统及切换 机构 5的操作, 切换到工艺运行驱动系统 5.1。 接下来, 总控制台 3.1启动发电机组 15 和控制系统 14的开关, 然后控制系统 14控制启动制冷机 7、 激光器组 8、 运动执行机 构 9、 送粉器 11、 空压机 12、冷干机 13和激光器高压电源 16的开关, 使各器件处于待 机状态。 如图 6所示, 控制系统 14控制运动执行机构 9中的横梁 9.2沿着立柱 9.1向下 运动到合适的位置, 右纵梁 9.3随横梁 9.2下降, 再带动激光加工头 17沿着右纵梁 9.3 下降到钢轨待处理位置的上方,光电位移感应器 19则沿着左纵梁 9.4下降到距离钢轨内 侧一定距离的平行位置。 此时, 激光加工头 17和光电位移感应器 19则已调整对位, 然 后控制系统 14发出指令使激光器组 7按照设定参数发射出激光束, 同时激光加工车在 工艺运行驱动系统 5.1的带动下按照设定参数在钢轨上前进运行。 在激光加工过程中, 由于铁路轨道轨迹的蛇形特点, 激光加工车也随之蛇形前行, 光电位移感应器 19 以其 与钢轨内侧面的初始距离为零点, 测量出其与钢轨内侧面两者之间的位移变化量, 并将 此位移变化量反馈回控制系统 14, 控制系统 14再控制右纵梁 9.3根据此位移变化量在 横梁 9.2上做出相应的位移,从而实时保证激光加工头 17始终精确对准钢轨待处理位置, 实现激光加工车激光加工的精确轨迹。
激光加工头 17有三种结构形式, 第一种是机械式激光加工头 17.1, 如图 7所示; 第二种是多出光口式激光加工头, 又有二种具体实施方式 17.2和 17.3, 如图 8、 9所示; 第三种是振镜式激光加工头 17.4, 如图 10所示。
如图 7所示, 机械式激光加工头 17.1包括伺服电机 17.1.1、 反射镜 17.1.2、 和反射 镜 17.1.3, 其中反射镜 17.1.3固定安装在机械式激光加工头 17.1框架上, 反射镜 17.1.2 安装在伺服电机 17.1.1的输出轴上, 伺服电机 17.1.1可以带动反射镜 17.1.2摆动。 通过 机械式激光加工头 17.1可以对钢轨进行单束激光扫描加工。
如图 8 所示, 第一多出光口式激光加工头 17.2包括第一支架 17.2.1 和第二支架 17.2.2,两支架之间活动安装了可以摆动的空心轴 17.2.3,空心轴 17.2.3内固定安装了第 一反射透射镜 17.2.31、 第二反射透射镜 17.2.32、 第三反射透射镜 17.2.33、 第四反射透 射镜 17.2.34和反射镜 17.2.35。各反射透射镜及反射镜均为 45度反射, 其中, 第一反射 透射镜 17.2.31和第四反射透射镜 17.2.34的反射透射比均为 1 : 1,第二反射透射镜 17.2.32 的反射透射比为 1 : 3, 第三反射透射镜 17.2.33的反射透射比为 1 : 2。
激光束 17.2.41 经过第一反射透射镜 17.2.31 分成反射光束 17.2.42 和透射光束 17.2.43, 反射光束 17.2.42依次经过第二反射透射镜 17.2.32、 第三反射透射镜 17.2.33、 第四反射透射镜 17.2.34和反射镜 17.2.35最终得到四束能量均等的激光束通过各出光口 作用于钢轨上。 透射光束 17.2.43 以同样方式分为能量均等的四路激光束通过各出光口 作用于钢轨上。多出光口式激光加工头 17.2可以包含 3片以上反射透射比不同的反射透 射镜或反射镜, 从而可以将一束激光束分成为能量均等的多路光束。 当这些反射透射镜 及反射镜随着空心轴 17.2.3—起摆动时,则实现了多路光束同时对钢轨进行扫描式激光 加工。
如图 9(a)所示, 第二多出光口式激光加工头 17.3包括第一电机 17.3.1、 第一电机输 出轴 17.3.2、 框架 17.3.3、 凸轮 17.3.4、 第二电机 17.3.5、 铰链 17.3.6、 支杆 17.3.7和光 头框架 17.3.8。 其中, 凸轮 17.3.4、 第二电机 17.3.5、 铰链 17.3.6、 支杆 17.3.7和光头框 架 17.3.8均安装在框架 17.3.3,光头框架 17.3.8安装在支杆 17.3.7的末端。第一电机 17.3.1 通过第一电机输出轴 17.3.2带动安装在框架 17.3.3内的凸轮 17.3.4、 第二电机 17.3.5、 铰链 17.3.6、 支杆 17.3.7和光头框架 17.3.8—起以第一电机输出轴 17.3.2为中心作摆动 运动。 第二电机 17.3.5带动凸轮 17.3.4以第二电机 17.35的输出轴作旋转运动, 从而带 动支杆 17.3.7和光头框架 17.3.8—起以铰链 17.3.6为中心做摆动运动。 如图 9(b)所示, 光头框架 17.3.8包括两组准直聚焦镜系统 17.3.81、 出光口组 17.3.83以及支撑安装前两 者的支承架 17.3.82。 出光口组 17.3.83可以包含一个或者多个出光口, 从而实现多光束 同时进行激光加工。
如图 10所示, 振镜式激光加工头 17.4为典型的双振镜式结构, 包含第一专用电机 17.4.1、 第一振镜 17.4.2、 场镜 17.4.3、 第二专用电机 17.4.4和第二振镜 17.4.5。 第一振 镜 17.4.1和第二振镜 17.4.2分别安装在第一专用电机 17.4.1和第二专用电机 17.4.4的输 出轴上,可以分别以第一专用电机 17.4.1和第二专用电机 17.4.4的输出轴为中心做摆动 运动, 从而达到调整激光束在两个不同方向的位置, 激光束最后通过场镜 17.4.3作用到 工件上。 通过程序控制, 即可实现激光快速扫描加工。
如图 14所示, 可在车身尾部增加一个副驾驶室 3', 该副驾驶室 3'主要是用于该车 在轨道上运行时, 副驾驶员能够观察该车后面轨道的情况, 副驾驶室 3'内设有简单的控 制按钮, 遇到突发状况, 可以紧急刹车或停车等, 主要起到安全防范的作用。
本实施例 1的双驱动系统及切换机构 5可以根据激光加工车不同工作状况切换驱动 系统, 在进行激光加工时, 可以根据工艺要求在铁路轨道上进行精密运行, 保证激光加 工的准确性。
本实施例 1的运动执行机构 9上安装有光电位移感应器 19, 光电位移感应器 19可 以根据钢轨轨迹来实时调整激光加工头 17的位置,保证激光加工头 17始终对准钢轨上 待加工的位置, 从而确保激光加工的精确轨迹。
本实施例 1的激光加工头 17有三种形式, 包括机械式激光加工头 17.1, 多出光口 式激光加工头 17.2、 17.3和振镜式激光加工头 17.4。激光加工头 17底部安装有 CCD监 视头 18。 多出光口式激光加工头 17.2、 17.3可实现多光斑的同时激光加工, 振镜式激光 加工头 17.4可实现编程式激光扫描。第一种方式结构简单, 第二、第三种方式加工效率 高, 可以根据不同的要求进行选择。 实施例 2为根据本发明实施的公铁两用激光加工车。
如图 11所示, 实施例 2与实施例 1的区别在于采用的激光加工车的底盘不同, 实 施例 2采用的是分动式公铁两用车底盘 20,使得该激光加工车即可在铁路上运行,还可 在公路上运行。 当采用分动式公铁两用车底盘 20时, 双驱动系统及切换机构 5中的常 规车载运行驱动系统 5.3则为分动式公铁两用车的驱动系统; 驾驶控制室 3随之有相应 的改变, 其内部的常规驾驶操作系统改为公铁两用车的驾驶操作系统, 另室内设有总控 制台 3.1、 CCD监视系统 3.2和驱动切换操作系统 3.3。 驱动切换操作系统 3.3是用来操 作双驱动系统及切换机构 5对工艺运行驱动系统 5.1和分动式公铁两用车的驱动系统进 行切换。 其中, 分动式公铁两用车的驱动系统内设有公铁模式转换系统, 通过此系统可 以实现公铁两用激光加工车从 "公路到铁路"和从 "铁路到公路" 的行走模式的转换。
实施例 2的公铁两用激光加工车的其它部分与实施例 1相同。 实施例 3为根据本发明实施的公铁两用激光加工车的另一种形式。
如图 12所示, 实施例 3与实施例 2的不同之处在于在分动式公铁两用车底盘 20上 增设了上轨系统 16和 16 ', 因上轨系统 16和 16 ' 应用到液压油缸, 故在集装箱 4内需 要增设液压系统, 同时还需要在驾驶控制室 3内增设控制上轨系统 16和 16 ' 和液压系 统的操作平台。 该公铁两用激光加工车的其它部分与实施例 1相同。
如图 13(a)所示, 上轨系统 16包括四套升降装置和一套横向伸縮装置 16.5, 四套升 降装置分别为第一升降装置 16.1、第二升降装置 16.2、第三升降装置 16.3和第四升降装 置 16.4。横向伸縮装置 16.5包括液压油缸 16.51和活塞杆 16.52,其中活塞杆 16.52—端 与液压油缸 16.51固定连接, 另一端与第二升降装置 16.2固定连接; 横向伸縮装置 16.5 的另一端与第一升降装置 16.1 固定连接, 其底部安装有齿条 16.7。 第三升降装置 16.3 和第四升降装置 16.4通过连杆 16.6连接, 连杆 16.6固定安装在方形框架 16.10内部, 方形框架 16.10固定安装在分动式公铁两用车底盘 20上, 分动式公铁两用车底盘 20内 部安装有液压马达 16.9和齿轮 16.8, 液压马达 16.9与齿轮 16.8轴连接。 横向伸縮装置 16.5通过其底部齿条 16.7与齿轮 16.8的啮合活动安装在方形框架 16.10内部。
如图 13(b)所示, 第一升降装置 16.1包括液压油缸 16.11, 活塞杆 16.12和升降套筒 16.13, 其中活塞杆 16.12—端与液压油缸 16.11连接, 另一端与升降套筒 16.13连接。 第二升降装置 16.2、 第三升降装置 16.3和第四升降装置 16.4与第一升降装置 16.1结构 相同。 上轨系统 16 ' 与上轨系统 16结构相同。 通过上轨系统 16和 16 ', 可以实现激光 加工车在任意轨道路段安全上轨。
集装箱 4内的液压系统为上轨系统 16和 16 ' 的各液压油缸和各液压马达提供液压 动力, 所述操作平台用来开启、 关闭液压系统以及控制液压系统提供动力的大小。
具体而言, 公铁两用激光加工车的上轨是按照如下步骤来实现的。第一, 如图 13(a) 所示,增加的液压系统控制上轨系统 16中的第一升降装置 16.1和第三升降装置 16.3中 的液压油缸通过活塞杆推动升降套筒向下伸长,支撑起固定安装在分动式公铁两用车底 盘 20上的方形框架 16.10,上轨系统 16 '中的第一升降装置 16. 和第三升降装置 16.3 ' 也同样支撑起方形框架 16.10 ', 方形框架 16.10和 16.10 ' 承受整个激光加工车的重量, 使整个车体升高至高于铁路轨道。 第二, 如图 13(c)所示, 第二升降装置 16.2在横向伸 縮装置 16.5中的液压油缸 16.51通过活塞杆 15.52的推动下伸长到一定长度, 然后, 第 二升降装置 16.2向下伸长, 第三升降装置 16.3向上收縮到初始位置, 此时第一升降装 置 16.1和第二升降装置 16.2支撑起方形框架 16.10, 上轨系统 16' 也是如此, 从而支撑 起激光加工车。 第三步, 如图 13(d)所示, 分动式公铁两用车底盘 20通过其内部的液压 马达 16.19驱动齿轮 16.8在齿条 16.7上向右移动, 从而带动整个车体在横向伸縮装置 16.5 上向右横向移动, 直至移动至钢轨上方。 第四步, 如图 13(e)所示, 当分动式公铁 两用车底盘 20缓慢放下铁路轮对落至钢轨上, 支撑起整个车体时, 第一升降装置 16.1 和第二升降装置 16.2收縮到初始位置, 同时将横向伸縮装置 16.5也收縮到初始位置, 从而完成公铁两用激光加工车上轨的任务。
本实施例 3可以在任意钢轨路段上轨,在实施例 2的基础上大大提高了公铁两用激 光加工车上轨的灵活性。
实施例 4为根据本发明实施的公铁两用激光加工车的再一种形式。
如图 15所示, 实施例 2与实施例 1的区别在于激光加工运动执行机构 9不是常规 的数控机床形式, 而是数控机床与工业机器人相结合的结构形式。 如图 16所示, 运动 执行机构 9包括立柱 9.1、 遛板 9.5和工业机器人 9.6。 立柱 9.1内部安装有滚珠丝杆螺 母副, 其中滚珠丝杆由伺服电机驱动。机器人 9.6安装在遛板 9.5上, 随着遛板 9.5能够 沿立柱 9.1上下移动; 工业机器人 9.6的末端安装有激光加工头 17,激光加工头 17的底 部也安装有 CCD监视设备 18。
控制系统 14内需相应增加工业机器人的控制,控制系统 14首先控制运动执行机构 9中的遛板 9.5载着工业机器人 9.6沿着立柱 9.1向下运动到合适的位置,然后再控制工 业机器人 9.6的各轴配合运动,带动激光加工头 17调整到合适的加工工位,从而实现对 钢轨表面的激光加工。
实施例 4的公铁两用激光加工车的其它部分与实施例 1相同。
本领域的技术人员容易理解, 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限 制本发明, 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等, 均应包 含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种在线式钢轨激光加工车, 包括底盘 (2), 安装在底盘 (2) 上的车身 (1 ), 安装在车身 (1 ) 前部的驾驶控制室 (3), 以及安装在车身 (1 ) 后部的集装箱 (4); 集 装箱(4)内包括发电机组(15)、控制系统(14)、运动执行机构(9)和激光加工头(17), 其特征在于, 所述驾驶控制室 (3) 包括总控制台 (3.1 )、 CCD监视系统 (3.2) 和驱动 切换操作系统 (3.3), 该激光加工车的集装箱 (4) 安装有双驱动系统及切换机构 (5); 总控制台 (3.1 )与发电机组(15)及控制系统(14) 电连接, 用于启动和关闭发电 机组 (15) 和控制系统 (14); CCD监视系统 (3.2) 用来监视激光加工头 (17)对钢轨 表面的对位姿态和加工状况;驱动切换操作系统(3.3)用来对双驱动系统及切换机构(5) 进行操作实现驱动系统的切换;
控制系统 (14) 控制运动执行机构 (9) 按照设定的轨迹运动; 激光加工头 (17) 在运动执行机构 (9) 的带动下按照控制系统 (14) 所设定的轨迹运动, 完成钢轨表面 的激光处理;
双驱动系统及切换机构(5)包括工艺运行驱动系统(5.1 )、 常规车载运行驱动系统 (5.3) 以及切换机构 (5.2);
工艺运行驱动系统(5.1 )用于激光加工过程中为激光加工车提供动力驱动, 使激光 加工车精确地控制激光加工车的运动速度和距离,满足各种激光加工所需激光加工车运 动的需求;切换机构(5.2)用于实现常规铁路驱动系统(5.3)与工艺运行驱动系统(5.1 ) 两者之间的切换。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 底盘 (2)采用的 是分动式公铁两用车底盘 (20), 常规车载运行驱动系统 (5.3) 则为分动式公铁两用车 的驱动系统; 驾驶控制室 (3) 内部的常规驾驶操作系统改为公铁两用车的驾驶操作系 统, 分动式公铁两用车的驱动系统内设有公铁模式转换系统, 通过此系统实现公铁两用 激光加工车从公路到铁路和从铁路到公路的行走模式的转换。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 分动式公铁两用 车底盘 (20) 上增设第一、 第二上轨系统 (16)、 (16' ), 在集装箱 (4) 内增设液压系 统, 驾驶控制室 (3) 内增设控制上轨系统 (16)、 (16' ) 和液压系统的操作平台; 通过 第一、 第二上轨系统 (16)、 ( 16' ) 实现激光加工车在轨道路段安全上轨; 第一、 第二上轨系统 (16)、 (16' ) 结构相同, 其中, 上轨系统 (16) 包括四套升 降装置和一套横向伸縮装置 (16.5), 四套升降装置分别为第一升降装置 (16.1 )、 第二 升降装置(16.2)、 第三升降装置(16.3)和第四升降装置(16.4); 横向伸縮装置(16.5) 包括液压油缸(16.51 )和活塞杆(16.52), 其中活塞杆(16.52)—端与液压油缸(16.51 ) 固定连接, 另一端与第二升降装置 (16.2) 固定连接; 横向伸縮装置 (16.5 ) 的另一端 与第一升降装置 (16.1 ) 固定连接, 其底部安装有齿条 (16.7); 第三升降装置 (16.3) 和第四升降装置( 16.4)通过连杆( 16.6)连接,连杆( 16.6)固定安装在方形框架( 16.10) 内部, 方形框架(16.10) 固定安装在分动式公铁两用车底盘(20)上, 分动式公铁两用 车底盘(20)内部安装有液压马达(16.9)和齿轮(16.8),液压马达(16.9)与齿轮(16.8) 轴连接; 横向伸縮装置 (16.5)通过其底部齿条(16.7)与齿轮(16.8) 的啮合活动安装 在方形框架 (16.10) 内部;
第一升降装置(16.1 )包括液压油缸(16.11 ),活塞杆(16.12)和升降套筒( 16.13), 其中活塞杆(16.12) —端与液压油缸(16.11 )连接, 另一端与升降套筒(16.13)连接; 第二升降装置 (16.2)、 第三升降装置 (16.3 ) 和第四升降装置 (16.4) 与第一升降装置 ( 16.1 ) 结构相同;
集装箱 (4) 内的液压系统为第一、 第二上轨系统 (16)、 ( 16' ) 的各液压油缸和各 液压马达提供液压动力, 所述操作平台用来开启、 关闭所述液压系统以及控制所述液压 系统提供动力的大小。
4、 根据权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 工艺运行 驱动系统 (5.1 ) 包括伺服驱动电机 (5.11 ) 和减速机 (5.12), 伺服驱动电机 (5.11 ) 和 减速机 (5.12) 通过弹性联轴器相连; 伺服驱动电机 (5.11 ) 与控制系统 (14) 电连接, 按照控制系统 (14) 的指令驱动加工车。
5、 根据权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 切换机构 (5.2)包括第一小齿轮(5.21 )、第二小齿轮(5.22)、大齿轮(5.23)以及输出轴(5.24), 其中第一小齿轮(5.21 ) 固定安装在减速机(5.12) 的输出轴端; 第二小齿轮(5.22) 固 定安装在常规车载运行驱动系统 (5.3) 的输出轴端; 大齿轮 (5.23) 活动安装在输出轴 (5.24), 能够左右滑动; 输出轴 (5.24) 通过底盘 (2) 的传动系统与铁路轮对系统相 连;
当激光加工车在钢轨上进行加工时, 控制系统 (14) 控制大齿轮 (5.23) 在输出轴 (5.24) 上向一侧滑动, 与第一小齿轮 (5.21 ) 啮合, 切换机构 (5.2) 则切换到了工艺 运行驱动系统 (5.1 ); 当激光加工车加工完毕时, 控制系统 (14) 则控制大齿轮 (5.23) 在输出轴 (5.24) 上向另一侧滑动, 与第二小齿轮 (5.22) 啮合, 切换机构 (5.2) 则切 换到常规车载运行驱动系统 (5.3), 使激光加工车快速行驶。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 切换机构 (5.2) 包括第一小齿轮 (5.21 )、 第二小齿轮 (5.22)、 大齿轮 (5.23) 以及输出轴 (5.24), 其 中第一小齿轮(5.21 ) 固定安装在减速机(5.12) 的输出轴端; 第二小齿轮(5.22) 固定 安装在常规车载运行驱动系统 (5.3)的输出轴端;大齿轮 (5.23)活动安装在输出轴(5.24), 能够左右滑动; 输出轴 (5.24) 通过底盘 (2) 的传动系统与铁路轮对系统相连;
当激光加工车在钢轨上进行加工时, 控制系统 (14) 控制大齿轮 (5.23) 在输出轴 (5.24) 上向一侧滑动, 与第一小齿轮 (5.21 ) 啮合, 切换机构 (5.2) 则切换到了工艺 运行驱动系统 (5.1 ); 当激光加工车加工完毕时, 控制系统 (14) 则控制大齿轮 (5.23) 在输出轴 (5.24) 上向另一侧滑动, 与第二小齿轮 (5.22) 啮合, 切换机构 (5.2) 则切 换到常规车载运行驱动系统 (5.3), 使激光加工车快速行驶。
7、 根据权利要求 5 中任一所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 运动执行 机构 (9) 包括立柱 (9.1 )、 横梁 (9.2)、 右纵梁 (9.3) 和左纵梁 (9.4); 立柱 (9.1 )、 横梁(9.2)、 右纵梁 (9.3)和左纵梁 (9.4) 内部均安装有滚珠丝杆螺母副, 其中滚珠丝 杆由伺服电机驱动; 横梁 (9.2) 能够在立柱 (9.1 ) 上升降运动, 右纵梁 (9.3) 能够在 横梁(9.2)上左右运动, 左纵梁(9.4) 固定安装在横梁 (9.2)上; 其中, 右纵梁(9.3) 上安装有可沿其上下移动的激光加工头(17), 激光加工头(17) 的底部安装有 CCD监 视设备(18); 左纵梁(9.4)上安装有能够沿其上下移动的光电位移感应器(19); CCD 监视设备 (18) 与 CCD监视系统(3.2)通讯连接, CCD监视设备 (18)将监测到的画 面传输到 CCD 监视系统 (3.2); 光电位移感应器 (19) 与控制系统 (14) 电连接, 控 制系统 (14) 接收光电位移感应器 (19) 采集的数据, 下达指令使运动执行机构 (9) 做出相应的动作;
控制系统 (14) 控制运动执行机构 (9) 中的横梁 (9.2)沿着立柱 (9.1 ) 向下运动 到合适的位置, 右纵梁 (9.3) 随横梁 (9.2) 下降, 再带动激光加工头 (17 ) 沿着右纵 梁 (9.3 ) 下降到钢轨待处理位置的上方, 光电位移感应器 (19) 则沿着左纵梁 (9.4) 下降到距离钢轨内侧一定距离的平行位置; 此时, 激光加工头 (17)和光电位移感应器 (19) 则已调整对位, 然后控制系统 (14) 发出指令使激光器组 (7) 按照设定参数发 射出激光束, 同时激光加工车在工艺运行驱动系统(5.3)的带动下按照设定参数在钢轨 上前进运行; 光电位移感应器 (19) 以其与钢轨内侧面的初始距离为零点, 测量出其与 钢轨内侧面两者之间的位移变化量, 并将此位移变化量反馈回控制系统 (14), 控制系 统 (14) 再控制右纵梁 (9.3) 根据此位移变化量在横梁 (9.2) 上做出相应的位移, 从 而实时保证激光加工头(17)始终精确对准钢轨待处理位置, 实现激光加工车激光加工 的精确轨迹。
8、 根据权利要求 5、 6或 7所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 激光加工 头 (17) 为第一多出光口式激光加工头 (17.2), 它包括第一支架 (17.2.1) 和第二支架
(17.2.2), 两支架之间活动安装了能够摆动的空心轴 (17.2.3), 空心轴 (17.2.3) 内固 定安装了第一反射透射镜 (17.2.31)、 第二反射透射镜 (17.2.32)、 第三反射透射镜
(17.2.33)、 第四反射透射镜 (17.2.34)和第一反射镜 (17.2.35); 各反射透射镜和第一 反射镜 (17.2.35) 均为 45度反射, 其中, 第一反射透射镜 (17.2.31) 和第四反射透射 镜 (17.2.34) 的反射透射比均为 1: 1, 第二反射透射镜 (17.2.32) 的反射透射比为 1: 3, 第三反射透射镜 (17.2.33) 的反射透射比为 1: 2;
激光束 (17.2.41) 经过第一反射透射镜 (17.2.31) 分成反射光束 (17.2.42) 和透 射光束 (17.2.43), 反射光束 (17.2.42) 依次经过第二反射透射镜 (17.2.32)、 第三反射 透射镜 (17.2.33)、 第四反射透射镜 (17.2.34) 和第一反射镜 (17.2.35) 最终得到四束 能量均等的激光束作用于钢轨上; 透射光束 (17.2.43)采用同样的方式分为能量均等的 四路激光束作用于钢轨上; 各反射透射镜随着空心轴 (17.2.3) 摆动能够实现多路光束 同时对钢轨进行扫描式激光加工。
9、 根据权利要求 5或 Ί所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 激光加工头 (17)为第二多出光口式激光加工头(17.3), 它包括第一电机(17.3.1)、 第一电机输出 轴 (17.3.2)、 框架 (17.3.3)、 凸轮 (17.3.4)、 第二电机 (17.3.5)、 铰链 (17.3.6)、 支杆 (17.3.7)和光头框架(17.3.8);其中, 凸轮(17.3.4)、第二电机( 17.3.5)、铰链(17.3.6)、 支杆 (17.3.7) 和光头框架 (17.3.8) 均安装在框架 (17.3.3), 光头框架 (17.3.8) 安装 在支杆 (17.3.7) 的末端; 第一电机 (17.3.1) 通过第一电机输出轴 (17.3.2) 带动安装 在框架 (17.3.3) 内的凸轮(17.3.4)、 第二电机(17.3.5)、 铰链(17.3.6)、 支杆 (17.3.7) 和光头框架 (17.3.8) —起以第一电机输出轴 (17.3.2) 为中心作摆动运动; 第二电机 ( 17.3.5)带动凸轮(17.3.4) 以第二电机(17.35) 的输出轴作旋转运动, 从而带动支杆 ( 17.3.7)和光头框架(17.3.8)—起以铰链(17.3.6)为中心做摆动运动;光头框架(17.3.8) 包括两组准直聚焦镜系统 (17.3.81 )、 出光口组 (17.3.83) 以及支撑安装前两者的支承 架 (17.3.82); 出光口组 (17.3.83 ) 可以包含一个或者多个出光口, 从而实现多光束同 时进行激光加工。
10、 根据权利要求 5或 7所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 激光加工头 ( 17) 为机械式激光加工头 ( 17.1 ), 它包括伺服电机 (17.1.1 )、 第二反射镜 ( 17.1.2) 和第三反射镜(17.1.3), 其中第三反射镜(17.1.3)固定安装在机械式激光加工头(17.1 ) 框架上, 第二反射镜 ( 17.1.2)安装在伺服电机 ( 17.1.1 )的输出轴上, 伺服电机 ( 17.1.1 ) 能够带动第二反射镜(17.1.2)摆动; 机械式激光加工头(17.1 )能够对钢轨进行单束激 光扫描加工。
11、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 车身尾部增 设一个副驾驶室 (3'), 用于该车在轨道上运行的观察和控制。
12、 根据权利要求 4或 5中任一所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 运动 执行机构 (9)包括立柱 (9.1)、 遛板 (9.5)和工业机器人 (9.6); 立柱 (9.1)内部安装有滚珠丝杆 螺母副, 其中滚珠丝杆由伺服电机驱动; 工业机器人 (9.6)安装在遛板 (9.5)上, 随着遛板 (9.5)能够沿立柱 (9.1)上下移动; 工业机器人 (9.6)的末端安装有激光加工头 (17), 激光加 工头 (17)的底部也安装有 CCD监视设备 (18); 控制系统 (14)内相应增加工业机器人的控 制, 控制系统 (14)首先控制运动执行机构 (9)中的遛板 (9.5)载着工业机器人 (9.6)沿着立柱 (9.1)向下运动到合适的位置, 然后再控制工业机器人 (9.6)的各轴配合运动, 带动激光加 工头 (17)调整到合适的加工工位, 从而实现对钢轨表面的激光加工。
13、 根据权利要求 4或 5中任一所述的在线式钢轨激光加工车, 其特征在于, 运动 执行机构 (9)为常规的数控机床或 /和多轴工业机器人。
PCT/CN2013/077200 2012-03-27 2013-06-13 一种在线式钢轨激光加工车 Ceased WO2014005478A1 (zh)

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