WO2014003399A1 - Liquid crystal composition - Google Patents

Liquid crystal composition Download PDF

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WO2014003399A1
WO2014003399A1 PCT/KR2013/005573 KR2013005573W WO2014003399A1 WO 2014003399 A1 WO2014003399 A1 WO 2014003399A1 KR 2013005573 W KR2013005573 W KR 2013005573W WO 2014003399 A1 WO2014003399 A1 WO 2014003399A1
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liquid crystal
dielectric anisotropy
ferroelectric
nematic
nematic liquid
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PCT/KR2013/005573
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
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김재훈
이유진
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한양대학교 산학협력단
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Priority claimed from KR1020120118692A external-priority patent/KR20140001071A/en
Application filed by 한양대학교 산학협력단 filed Critical 한양대학교 산학협력단
Priority to US14/411,367 priority Critical patent/US20150191650A1/en
Priority to CN201380044492.8A priority patent/CN104685026B/en
Publication of WO2014003399A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014003399A1/en

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    • C09K19/345—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring being a six-membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms
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    • C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition, and more particularly, to a liquid crystal composition comprising a nematic liquid crystal and a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  • Liquid crystal display devices are one of the flat panel display devices most widely used at present, and studies for high quality, high brightness, and large size are being actively conducted.
  • the structure of electrodes in the liquid crystal display device has been diversified and complicated for the high quality, high brightness and large size of the liquid crystal display device.
  • a driving voltage is applied to these electrodes, the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is changed by an applied electric field, and the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules is uneven and unstable by the electrodes. Uneven and unstable arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules is caused by a problem of lowering the brightness of the liquid crystal display.
  • One technical problem to be solved of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition in which the alignment state is uniform and stabilized.
  • the liquid crystal composition includes a negative nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, a positive nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the mixture of the nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy, may include 10% to 99% by weight.
  • the liquid crystal composition may further include a reactive mesogen material.
  • the liquid crystal composition 0.1% to 30% by weight of the mixture of the nematic liquid crystal and ferroelectric liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy, 0.01% to 3% by weight of the reactive mesogen material And nematic liquid crystals having% and excess of said negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy further comprises first base liquid crystal molecules, each of the first base liquid crystal molecules, the negative dielectric anisotropy It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a liquid crystal molecule having a liquid crystal molecule having a positive dielectric anisotropy and a neutral liquid crystal molecule.
  • the nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy may include a nematic liquid crystal molecule having a first negative dielectric anisotropy and a second negative different from the first negative dielectric anisotropy. Nematic liquid crystal molecules having dielectric anisotropy.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy further includes second base liquid crystal molecules, wherein each of the second base liquid crystal molecules is a liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy. Molecules, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, and neutral liquid crystal molecules.
  • the nematic liquid crystal molecules having the positive dielectric anisotropy the nematic liquid crystal molecules having a first dielectric anisotropy and a second amount different from the first positive dielectric anisotropy Nematic liquid crystal molecules having dielectric anisotropy.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may include ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal further comprises third base liquid crystal molecules, each of the third base liquid crystal molecules, liquid crystal molecules having the negative dielectric anisotropy, the positive dielectric anisotropy It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a liquid crystal molecule having a neutral liquid crystal molecule.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules may include a first ferroelectric liquid crystal molecule and a second ferroelectric liquid crystal molecule different from the first ferroelectric liquid crystal molecule.
  • the liquid crystal composition includes a non-ferroelectric liquid crystal and a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal composition may include 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of the ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  • the non-ferroelectric liquid crystal may include a nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy and a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy.
  • the non-ferroelectric liquid crystal may include a nematic liquid crystal having the negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • the liquid crystal composition may include 70 wt% to 99.9 wt% of the nematic liquid crystal having the negative dielectric anisotropy and 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of the ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal composition may further include a reactive mesogen material.
  • the liquid crystal composition has 0.1% to 30% by weight of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, 0.01% to 3% by weight of the reactive mesogen material and extra negative dielectric anisotropy. It may comprise a nematic liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal composition may include a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, a nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  • alignment uniformity and stability of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal composition may be improved, thereby improving brightness of the liquid crystal display device.
  • 1 is a graph showing the electrical properties of the liquid crystal composition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for describing a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating slit shapes of electrodes according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • 4A to 4E are graphs comparing the transmittances of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
  • 5A to 5D are graphs comparing the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 6A is a graph illustrating transmittances of the liquid crystal displays of Examples 5 to 8
  • FIG. 6B is a graph illustrating response speeds of the liquid crystal displays of Examples 5 to 8.
  • 7A to 7C and 8A to 8C are textures of the liquid crystal display of Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 9, respectively.
  • 9A and 9B are graphs showing the gray levels of the textures of 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b.
  • a film (or layer) is on another film (or layer) or substrate, it may be formed directly on another film (or layer) or substrate or a third film ( Or layers) may be interposed.
  • first, second, third, etc. are used to describe various regions, films (or layers), etc. in various embodiments of the present specification, these regions, films should not be limited by these terms. do. These terms are only used to distinguish any given region or film (or layer) from other regions or films (or layers). Therefore, the film quality referred to as the first film quality in one embodiment may be referred to as the second film quality in other embodiments.
  • first film quality in one embodiment
  • second film quality in other embodiments.
  • Each embodiment described and illustrated herein also includes its complementary embodiment. Portions denoted by like reference numerals denote like elements throughout the specification.
  • a liquid crystal composition includes a negative nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, a positive nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal ) May be included.
  • the liquid crystal composition may include a nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy of about 70% by weight to about 99.9% by weight.
  • the liquid crystal composition may further include a mixture of nematic liquid crystal and ferroelectric liquid crystal having dielectric anisotropy in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight.
  • the mixture of the positively anisotropic nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal includes a nematic liquid crystal having an amount of dielectric anisotropy of about 1% by weight to 90% by weight, and about 10% by weight to about 99% by weight of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. can do.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition may be in the range of about 0.01% to about 29.7% by weight.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal is about 0.01% by weight or less of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal alignment of the liquid crystal composition may be unstable.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal exceeds about 29.7% by weight of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition, the viscosity of the liquid crystal composition may increase, resulting in a slow response time of the display device including the liquid crystal composition.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may be about 10% by weight of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition.
  • exemplary materials of the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy and the ferroelectric liquid crystal will be described.
  • Exemplary materials described below do not limit the nematic liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy, the nematic liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy, and ferroelectric liquid crystals of the present invention.
  • nematic liquid crystals First, the characteristics of nematic liquid crystals will be briefly described, and examples of nematic liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy and nematic liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy will be classified.
  • Nematic liquid crystals form liquid crystals in which the elongated molecules of the liquid crystal have irregular positions of each other but their long axes are directed in a constant direction. Since each molecule of the nematic liquid crystal can freely move in the long axis direction, the viscosity is small and easily flows. Since the directions of the nematic molecules are substantially the same in the up and down directions, the polarization is canceled and generally does not exhibit ferroelectricity. In the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the molecules of the liquid crystal, physical properties are very different. Therefore, nematic liquid crystal is a material having optical anisotropy.
  • nematic liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy If the difference between the dielectric constant parallel to the axial direction and the dielectric constant perpendicular to the axial direction ( ⁇ ) is less than 0, it is called a nematic liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy, and if greater than 0, it is called a nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy. .
  • the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • the nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy may be a single type.
  • the nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy may be of different kinds from each other.
  • the nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy may include liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy having a first dielectric constant and liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy having a second dielectric constant. In this case, the second dielectric constant may be different from the first dielectric constant.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy and first base liquid crystal molecules.
  • Each of the first base liquid crystal molecules may include at least one selected from the group consisting of liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy and neutral liquid crystal molecules.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having one kind of negative dielectric anisotropy and first base molecules.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include liquid crystal molecules having various kinds of negative dielectric anisotropy and first base liquid crystal molecules.
  • nematic liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy will be described with examples.
  • the following materials may be used alone or in combination.
  • the negative liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include a halogen group, a cyanide group, or an isocyanate group nematic liquid crystal.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may be used alone or in combination with a halogen group, a cyanide group, or an isocyanate group nematic liquid crystal.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may further include first base liquid crystal molecules.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having a halogen-based negative dielectric anisotropy may include a fluorine group, a chlorine group, or a bromine group material, and may have a single or polycyclic structure.
  • Nematic liquid crystals having a negative dielectric anisotropy of a halogen-based bicyclic structure may be represented by the following Chemical Formulas 1 and 2.
  • Nematic liquid crystals having a negative dielectric anisotropy of a halogen-based tricyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formulas 3 to 6.
  • Nematic liquid crystals having a negative dielectric anisotropy of a halogen-based tetracyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formulas 7 to 9.
  • Y represents hydrogen or halogen
  • R 1 represents alkyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or alkenyl
  • R 2 represents 1 to 15 carbons Alkyl, alkenyl, or alkoxy having atoms (in R 1 , and R 2 , hydrogen may be replaced by CN, CF 3 , or halogen atoms)
  • the nematic liquid crystal having halogen negative dielectric anisotropy has a lateral fluorinated indane derivative and may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 10.
  • n 0 or 1.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having cyanide negative dielectric anisotropy may be represented by the following Chemical Formulas 11 to 13.
  • the negative liquid crystal having dielectric anisotropy may be a single substance or a mixture. According to an embodiment, the nematic liquid crystal mixture having negative dielectric anisotropy,
  • Liquid Crystal Component A consisting of at least one compound having a dielectric anisotropy of less than -1.5:
  • liquid crystal component B consisting of at least one compound having a dielectric anisotropy of -1.5 to +1.5:
  • the liquid crystal component A may include one or more compounds of Formulas 14 to 17.
  • the liquid crystal component B may include one or more compounds of Formulas 18 to 20.
  • the liquid crystal component B may be the first base liquid crystal molecules described above.
  • R 4 and R 5 are each independently alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxy alkyl, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 1 to 15 carbon atoms. oxy), where hydrogen may be substituted by CN, CF 3 , or halogen atoms, and the —CH 2 — group is —CH ⁇ CH—, —O—, —CO—, —COO -, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- or -S- may be substituted), Y 1 represents hydrogen or halogen.
  • Chiral component C is available in a number of chiral dopants, such as the following examples.
  • the choice of dopant is not important by itself.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy.
  • the nematic liquid crystal molecules having the positive dielectric anisotropy may be a single type.
  • the nematic liquid crystal molecules having the positive dielectric anisotropy may be of different kinds from each other.
  • the nematic liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy may include liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy having a first dielectric constant and liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy having a second dielectric constant. In this case, the second dielectric constant may be different from the first dielectric constant.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy and second base liquid crystal molecules.
  • Each of the second base liquid crystal molecules may include at least one selected from the group consisting of liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, and neutral liquid crystal molecules.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having a kind of dielectric anisotropy and second basis molecules.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy may include liquid crystal molecules having various kinds of dielectric anisotropy and second base liquid crystal molecules.
  • nematic liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy will be described by listing examples.
  • the following materials may be used alone or in combination.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy may include a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy of a cyanide group, an isocyanate group, and a halogen group.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy may be used singly or in combination with the cyanide group, the isocyanate group, and the halogen-based nematic liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy may further include second base liquid crystal molecules.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy may have a bicyclic structure or a tricyclic structure.
  • the cyanated nematic liquid crystal of the bicyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formula 21.
  • R 6 in formula 21 is alkenyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (wherein hydrogen may be replaced by CN, CF 3 , or halogen, and —CH 2 — group is —CH ⁇ May be optionally substituted by CH—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OOC—, —O—OC—O—, or —S—. Specific examples of Formula 21 are shown below.
  • R 7 is H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 or nC 3 H 7 .
  • the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy of the tricyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formula 22.
  • R 3 is as R 3 is unsubstituted or CN, CF 3, or halogen-alkyl (alkyl) having at least one carbon atom less than the 15-substituted one by (halogen) groups as defined in Formula 11 to 13, wherein One or more CH 2 groups in these alkyls may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —C ⁇ C—, —CH ⁇ CH—, —OC—O— or —O—CO—, L 1 and L 2 each independently is hydrogen or halogen (halogen) with each other.
  • Nematic liquid crystals having an isocyanate-based dielectric anisotropy can be represented by the following formula (23).
  • R 8 is C n H 2n + 1 O, C n H 2n + 1 , or C n H2 n-1 , wherein n is 1 to 15 and A is or , B is -CH 2 -CH 2 -or -C ⁇ C-, X 1 is hydrogen or halogen, m is 1, 2, 3, or 4. Specific examples of Formula 23 are shown next.
  • Nematic liquid crystals having a halogen-based positive dielectric anisotropy may include a fluorine-based or chlorine-based material and may have a single or polycyclic structure. Nematic liquid crystals having fluorine-based dielectric anisotropy may be represented by Chemical Formulas 24 to 27.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy of the halogen series bicyclic structure may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 28.
  • N in the formulas is 1 to 15.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy of the halogen-based tricyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formulas 29 to 33.
  • R 12 is alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (wherein alkyl or alkenyl is unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted by CN, CF 3 , or halogen) And one or more -CH 2 -groups may be substituted by -O-), X 3 is -F, -Cl, -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -OCH 2 F or -CF 3 .
  • Specific examples of the formula (29) are as follows.
  • R 12 is as defined above.
  • the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy of the halogen-based tetracyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formulas 34 to 36.
  • a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy containing a trisubstituted fluorine or cyanide group may be represented by the formula (37).
  • At least one of two R 14 and R 15 is an alkenyl group having up to 15 carbon atoms unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted by CN, CF 3 or halogen, and the other One can be an alkyl group having up to 15 carbon atoms unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted by halogen, CN, CF 3 or halogen, wherein one or more CH 2 groups of these groups are -O-, -S May be replaced by-, -C ⁇ C-, -OCO-, or -O-CO-. Specific examples of Formula 37 are shown next.
  • n and m are 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5
  • o and p are each independently the same or different and are 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 5, provided that the sum of o + p is preferably Is 7 or less.
  • the nematic liquid crystals having said positive dielectric anisotropy can be a single substance or a mixture.
  • Nematic liquid crystal mixture having a positive dielectric anisotropy according to one embodiment,
  • liquid crystal component A consisting of one or more compounds having a dielectric anisotropy greater than +1.5
  • liquid crystal component consisting of one or more compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of -1.5 to +1.5
  • Liquid crystal component A may include one or more compounds of Formula 37.
  • Liquid crystal component B may include one or more compounds represented by Formula 38 below.
  • the liquid crystal component B may be the second base liquid crystal molecules described above.
  • Component C is cholesteryl nonanoate (CN), S-811, S-1011, S-2011 (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) with multiple chiral dopants and CB15 (Pool, UK). Many chiral dopants are available, such as BDH). The choice of dopant is not important by itself.
  • R 16 and R 17 are each independently the same or different and each is an alkyl group having up to 15 carbon atoms which are unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted by CN, CF 3, or halogen, Wherein one or more CH 2 in these alkyl groups may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —C ⁇ C—, —CH ⁇ CH—, —OC—O— or —OCO—, wherein 1,4- The phenylene (1,4-phenylene) ring may be mono- or polysubstituted by fluorine independently of each other.
  • ferroelectric liquid crystals have spontaneous polarization even when an electric field is not applied, it is a kind of dielectric that is an electrically insulator, but unlike general dielectrics, dielectric polarization is not proportional to electric field, and the relationship between polarization and electric field It has the characteristic which shows the ideal with electric history. Ferroelectric liquid crystals have not only spontaneous polarization, but also physical properties in which spontaneous polarization is reversed by an electric field.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may include ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules may be a single type.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules may be of different kinds from each other.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules may include a first ferroelectric liquid crystal molecule and a second ferroelectric liquid crystal molecule. In this case, the second ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules may be different from the first ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may include ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules and third base liquid crystal molecules.
  • Each of the third base liquid crystal molecules may include at least one selected from the group consisting of liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, and neutral liquid crystal molecules.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may include one type of ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules and third base molecules.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may include ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules different from each other and third base molecules.
  • ferroelectric liquid crystal will be described by listing examples.
  • the following materials may be used alone or in combination.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may be chiral.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may be a fluorine chiral end ferroelectric liquid crystal, a chiral allyl ester ferroelectric liquid crystal, a center core polyring chiral ferroelectric liquid crystal, or a smear chiral ( smetic chiral) ferroelectric liquid crystal and the like.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may be a banana shape ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystals include fluorine chiral end ferroelectric liquid crystals, chiral allyl ester ferroelectric liquid crystals, center core polyring chiral ferroelectric liquid crystals, and smetic chiral ferroelectric liquid crystals. Liquid crystals and banana shape ferroelectric liquid crystals may be used alone or in combination.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may further include third base liquid crystal molecules.
  • the fluorine-based chiral terminal ferroelectric liquid crystal may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 39.
  • X 4 , X 5 , X 6 and X 7 are each independently CF 3 , CF 2 H , CFH 2 , halogen, alkyl or alkoxy, and C and D are independently Phenyl, mono-fluorophenyl, di-fluorophenyl, or cyclo-hexyl, E is independently a single bond, COO, OOC, and C ⁇ C Is selected from at least one of E is a single bond, q is 0 or 1, and R 18 is a terminal group of the formula (40).
  • Z is O, (CH 2 ) 1 O, or (CH 2 ) 2 O
  • J and M are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 15 carbon atoms
  • W is a carbon atom 1 to 15 straight or branched alkyl chains, each of J, M and W different
  • R 19 represents alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl containing from 1 to 15 carbon atoms ), Or alkynoxy.
  • the chiral aryl ester liquid crystal may be represented by Chemical Formula 41.
  • Q represents a alkyl group substituted with alkyl or halogen, and * represents an optically active carbon.
  • Specific examples of formula 41 include 4'-n- (octyloxyphenyl4 '-(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-octyloxycarbonyl) biphenyl-4-carboxylate (4) '-n- (octyleoxyphenyl 4'-(1,1,1-trigluoro-2-octyloxycarbonyl) biphenyl-4-carboxylate).
  • the central core polyring chiral ferroelectric liquid crystal may be represented by Chemical Formulas 42 to 44.
  • Formula 42 is formulated as S-4- (trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl) -3'-chloro-4 "-(1-methylheptyloxy) terphenyl (S-4- (trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl) -3'- chloro-4 "-(1-methylheptyloxy) terphenyl).
  • Formula 43 represents R-4-octyl-3 "-chloro-4 '' '-(1-methylhexyloxy) quaterphenyl (R-4-octhyl-3" -chloro-4' ''-(1-methylhexyloxy ) quarterphenyl).
  • Formula 44 is formulated as S-4-nonyl-3'-fluoro-4 '' '-(2-chloropropyloxy) quaterphenyl (S-4-nonyl-3'-fluoro-4' ''-(2-chloropropyloxy ) quarterphenyl).
  • Formula 45 is butyl S-2- (4-octyl-2'-fluoro-3 "-trifluoromethyl-4 '' '-quaterphenyloxy) -propionate (S-2- (4-octyl- 2'-fluoro-3 "-trifluoromethyl-4 '' '-quarterphenyloxy) -propionate).
  • the ferroelectric smetic liquid crystal may be represented by at least one of Chemical Formulas 46 and 47.
  • R 20 and R 21 each represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms
  • R 22 and R 23 each represent the same or different linear alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
  • hydrogen may be substituted by CN, CF 3 , or halogen atom
  • —CH 2 — group is —CH ⁇ CH—, —O—, —CO—, —COO— , -OOC-, -O-OC-O- or -S-
  • X represents hydrogen or halogen.
  • the chiral smear ferroelectric liquid crystal may be represented by Chemical Formula 48.
  • R 24 is chiral or achiral alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
  • R 25 is chiral or achiral having 1 to 20 carbon atoms alkoxy
  • Alkenyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy (alkyl-COO-) or alkenylcarbonyloxy (alkenyl-COO-) (in R 24 and R 25 , hydrogen is CN, CF 3 , or a halogen atom
  • L 10 to L 14 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano
  • the banana-type ferroelectric liquid crystal may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 49.
  • a 1 is or And B1 is or R 26 and R 27 are each independently hydrogen or halogen, and R 28 and R 29 are independently alkyl or alkoxy having 8 to 16 carbon atoms. Specific examples of Formula 49 are shown below.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may be a single material of the ferroelectric liquid crystal or a mixture including the ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  • X 10 is hydrogen (H)
  • R 30 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 15 carbon atoms
  • At least one hydrogen of the alkyl, alkenyl group may be replaced by fluorin or CH 3
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , and R 35 are each CH 3 .
  • the induced dipole is parallel to the electric field, and the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the electric field.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal composition has a large arrangement characteristic according to the intermolecular and electric fields, the alignment of the liquid crystal composition can be uniformly stabilized.
  • the liquid crystal composition may further include a reactive mesogen material.
  • the liquid crystal composition comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight reactive mesogen material, about 70% to about 99.9% by weight of negative dielectric anisotropy, and the liquid crystal composition is about 0.1% by weight A mixture of nematic liquid crystals and ferroelectric liquid crystals having a positive dielectric anisotropy of% to about 30% by weight, and nematic liquid crystals having extra negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • the reactive mesogenic material means a polymerizable mesogenic compound.
  • a "mesogenic compound” or “mesogenic material” can include a substance or compound comprising one or more rod-shaped, plate- or disc-shaped mesogenic groups, ie groups having the ability to induce liquid crystalline phase behavior.
  • the reactive mesogen material may be a material which is polymerized by light such as ultraviolet rays and is oriented according to the alignment state of adjacent materials.
  • Examples of the reactive mesogen material include compounds represented by the following formula:
  • P1 and P2 are at least one of acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy and epoxy groups, and A1 and A2 are 1,4-phenylene (phenylen) and naphthalene (naphthalene) -2,6-diyl group is at least one, Z1 is one of COO-, OCO- and a single bond, n may be one of 0, 1 and 2.
  • P1 and P2 may include at least one of acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy, and epoxy groups.
  • the liquid crystal composition may include a ferroelectric liquid crystal, thereby making the alignment of the liquid crystal composition uniform with the nematic liquid crystal and improving stability of the alignment.
  • the liquid crystal composition includes a reactive mesogen material, the alignment speed of the liquid crystal composition may be increased, and the angle of the alignment may be increased, thereby improving optical characteristics.
  • the liquid crystal composition according to the embodiments of the present invention may include a non-ferroelectric liquid crystal and a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  • the non-ferroelectric liquid crystal may include a nematic liquid crystal having negative anisotropy.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may account for about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal is about 0.1 wt% or less of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal alignment of the liquid crystal composition may be unstable.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal exceeds about 30% by weight of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition, the viscosity of the liquid crystal composition may increase, thereby slowing the response speed of the display device including the liquid crystal composition.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may be about 10% by weight of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition.
  • the liquid crystal composition may further comprise a reactive mesogen material.
  • the liquid crystal composition comprises about 0.1 wt% to about 30 wt% ferroelectric liquid crystal, about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt% reactive mesogen material, and nematic liquid crystal having extra negative dielectric anisotropy. It may include.
  • the components, structures, and examples of the negatively anisotropic nematic liquid crystal, the ferroelectric liquid crystal, and the reactive mesogen material described in this embodiment are substantially the same as those described above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the non-ferroelectric liquid crystal may include a nematic liquid crystal having positive anisotropy and a nematic liquid crystal having negative anisotropy.
  • the liquid crystal composition may include a nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy of about 70% by weight to about 99.9% by weight.
  • the liquid crystal composition may further include a mixture of nematic liquid crystal and ferroelectric liquid crystal having dielectric anisotropy in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight.
  • the mixture of the positively anisotropic nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal includes a nematic liquid crystal having an amount of dielectric anisotropy of about 1% by weight to 90% by weight, and about 10% by weight to about 99% by weight of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. can do.
  • the liquid crystal composition may further comprise a reactive mesogen material.
  • the liquid crystal composition comprises a mixture of nematic liquid crystal and ferroelectric liquid crystal having dielectric anisotropy in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 30% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to 3% by weight of reactive mesogen material, Nematic liquid crystals with extra negative anisotropy.
  • the components, structures, and examples of the negatively anisotropic nematic liquid crystal, the positively anisotropic nematic liquid crystal, the ferroelectric liquid crystal, and the reactive mesogen material described in the present embodiment are substantially the same as those described above. The description will be omitted.
  • the liquid crystal composition may include a ferroelectric liquid crystal, thereby making the alignment of the liquid crystal composition uniform with the non-ferroelectric liquid crystal and improving the stability of the alignment.
  • the liquid crystal composition includes a reactive mesogen material, the alignment speed of the liquid crystal composition may be increased, and the angle of the alignment may be increased, thereby improving optical characteristics.
  • the liquid crystal composition may be prepared by mixing a nematic liquid crystal having negative anisotropy, a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal composition is a mixture of a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy of about 70% by weight to about 99.9% by weight, and a nematic liquid crystal and a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy of about 0.1% by weight to about 30% by weight. It can be prepared by mixing.
  • the mixture of the nematic liquid crystal having a positive anisotropy and the ferroelectric liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal having a dielectric anisotropy in an amount of about 1% by weight to 90% by weight, and about 10% by weight to about 99% by weight of the ferroelectric It can be prepared by mixing the liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal composition may further comprise a reactive mesogen material.
  • the liquid crystal composition comprises a mixture of about 0.01% to 3% by weight reactive mesogen material, a mixture of nematic liquid crystals and ferroelectric liquid crystals having dielectric anisotropy in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight, It can be prepared by mixing a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy of.
  • the liquid crystal composition may be prepared by mixing a nematic liquid crystal having a negative anisotropy and a ferroelectric liquid crystal. More specifically, it may be prepared by mixing a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy of about 70% by weight to about 99.9% by weight with a ferroelectric liquid crystal of about 0.1% by weight to about 30% by weight.
  • the liquid crystal composition may further comprise a reactive mesogen material.
  • the liquid crystal composition comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt% reactive mesogen material, the 0.1 wt% to about 30 wt% ferroelectric liquid crystal, and a nematic liquid crystal having extra negative dielectric anisotropy. It can be prepared by mixing.
  • the process temperature may be a temperature at which the largest amount of the material in the liquid crystal composition exhibits isotropic properties.
  • the mixing process temperature may be performed in a temperature range of about 90 ° to about 100 °.
  • the temperature range may be a temperature range when the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy exhibits isotropic characteristics.
  • the mixing of the liquid crystal composition is performed within a temperature range of about 90 ° to about 100 °, but the present invention does not limit the mixing temperature of the liquid crystal composition.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the electrical properties of the liquid crystal composition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the x-axis of FIG. 1 represents time, the unit is seconds, the y-axis represents the applied voltage, and the unit is volts [V].
  • the nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal are not in the form of a compound but in the form of a mixture, so that the nematic liquid crystal exhibits its own characteristics and the ferroelectric liquid crystal can express its own characteristics.
  • the nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal may enhance and / or interfere with each other.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for describing a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the liquid crystal display includes a first display panel 100, a second display panel 200 spaced apart from and facing the first display panel 100, and the first and second display panels 100. It may include a liquid crystal layer 300 disposed between the 200.
  • the first display panel 100 includes a first substrate 110, a first electrode 120, and a first alignment layer 170, and the first substrate 110, the first electrode 120, and the first alignment layer. 170 may be sequentially stacked.
  • the first electrode 120 may include a transparent conductive material, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), or indium zinc oxide (IZO). According to an embodiment, the first electrode 120 may include a first slit formed by patterning a part of the first electrode 120.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • IZO indium zinc oxide
  • the first alignment layer 170 may include an alignment base material and a reactive mesogen material.
  • the alignment base material of the first alignment layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polystyrene, and nylon.
  • examples of the reactive mesogen material are substantially the same as those described above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the first alignment layer 170 may be omitted.
  • the second display panel 200 includes a second substrate 210, a second electrode 220, and a second alignment layer 270, and the second substrate 210, the second electrode 220, and the second alignment layer. 270 may be stacked sequentially.
  • the first and second display panels 100 and 200 may be spaced apart from each other so that the first and second alignment layers 170 and 270 face each other.
  • the second electrode 220 may include a material that is the same as or similar to that of the first electrode 220, and a voltage different from that of the first electrode 120 may be applied. According to an embodiment, the second electrode 220 may include a second slit formed by patterning a part of the second electrode 220.
  • the second alignment layer 270 may include an alignment base material and a reactive mesogen material.
  • the alignment base material of the second alignment layer 270 may be similar to or substantially the same as the alignment base material of the first alignment layer. Examples of the reactive mesogen material are substantially the same as those described above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. In another embodiment, the second alignment layer 270 may be omitted.
  • the liquid crystal layer 300 may be disposed between the first and second display panels 100 and 200.
  • the liquid crystal layer 300 includes the liquid crystal composition described above, and a detailed description thereof will be referred to the above.
  • the first and second electrodes 120 and 220 are described as being disposed on the first and second display panels 100 and 200, respectively.
  • the 120 and 220 may be disposed on any one of the first or second display panels 100 and 200.
  • the first and second electrodes 120 and 220 may be disposed on the same layer, or the first and second electrodes 120 and 220 may be disposed on another layer with an insulating layer interposed therebetween.
  • the first and second slits may be formed in one of the first or second electrodes 120 and 220.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating slit shapes of electrodes according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • At least one of the first and second electrodes 120 and 220 may have a Chevron pattern.
  • the seventh pattern may have a V shape including a first straight line extending in a first direction and a second straight line extending in another direction crossing the one direction.
  • the first and second slits having the seven pattern are exemplarily described, but the structure of the first and second slits is not limited in the present invention.
  • a first display panel comprising a first electrode having a first substrate and a first electrode having a first slit of a Sevron pattern, a second display panel comprising a second electrode having a second substrate and a second slit of a Sevron pattern, and the second display panel;
  • a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer filling the first and second display panels is manufactured.
  • the liquid crystal display is manufactured in a patterned vertical alignment (PVA) mode.
  • PVA patterned vertical alignment
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the said liquid crystal display device was produced at 3.8 micrometers.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 2 to 4 were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the thicknesses of the liquid crystal layers of Examples 2 to 4 refer to Table 1 below.
  • a first display panel comprising a first electrode having a first substrate and a first electrode having a first slit of a Sevron pattern, a second display panel comprising a second electrode having a second substrate and a second slit of a Sevron pattern, and the second display panel;
  • a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer filling the first and second display panels is manufactured.
  • the liquid crystal display device was manufactured in PVA mode.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the said liquid crystal display device was produced in 4.3 micrometers.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 6 to 8 were manufactured in the same manner except for the mixing ratio between Example 5, MLC 6608 and KFLC 3 in the liquid crystal layer. See Table 1 below for a mixing ratio between MLC 6608 and KFLC 3 in the liquid crystal layer.
  • a first display panel comprising a first electrode having a first substrate and a first electrode having a first slit of a Sevron pattern, a second display panel comprising a second electrode having a second substrate and a second slit of a Sevron pattern, and the second display panel;
  • a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer filling the first and second display panels is manufactured.
  • the liquid crystal display device was manufactured in PVA mode.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the said liquid crystal display device was produced in 4.3 micrometers.
  • a first display panel comprising a first electrode having a first substrate and a first electrode having a first slit of a Sevron pattern, a second display panel comprising a second electrode having a second substrate and a second slit of a Sevron pattern, and the second display panel;
  • a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer filling the first and second display panels is manufactured.
  • the liquid crystal display device was manufactured in PVA mode.
  • the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 were manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except for the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the thicknesses of the liquid crystal layers of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 refer to Table 1 below.
  • Example 1 Liquid crystal layer Liquid crystal layer thickness [ ⁇ m] MLC 6608 [wt%] (negative nematic liquid crystal) KFLC 3 [wt%] (ferroelectric liquid crystal) ZKC-5085 [wt%] (positive nematic liquid crystal)
  • Example 1 90 10 0 3.8
  • Example 2 90 10 0 4.0
  • Example 3 90 10 0 4.3
  • Example 4 90 10 0 4.5 Comparative Example 1 100 0 0 4.3 Comparative Example 2 100 0 0 4.5 Comparative Example 3 100 0 0 4.8
  • Example 5 99 One 0 4.3 Example 6 95 5 0 4.3 Example 7 80 20 0 4.3 Example 8 70 30 0 4.3
  • Example 9 90 5 5 5 4.3
  • 4A to 4E are graphs comparing the transmittances of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
  • 4A to 4C are graphs showing transmittance according to applied voltage.
  • the x-axis is an applied voltage and a unit is [V]
  • the y-axis represents transmittance.
  • FIG. 4A the liquid crystal display of Examples 1 to 4 exhibits excellent overall transmittance as compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 4B optionally shows the transmittance of Example 4 and Comparative Example 2 in FIG. 4A. 4B, it was observed that the transmittance of Example 4 was superior to that of Comparative Example 2 at the same liquid crystal layer thickness of 4.5 ⁇ m.
  • 4C optionally shows the transmittance of Example 4 and Comparative Example 3 in FIG. 4A. Referring to FIG. 4C, when comparing Example 4 having the highest transmittance among Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 3 having the highest transmittance among Comparative Examples 1 to 3, it was observed that the transmittance of Example 4 was excellent.
  • FIG. 4D and 4E are graphs illustrating transmittance according to the thickness of a liquid crystal layer after applying a voltage of 7 V to the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. More specifically, FIG. 4D is a graph showing the transmittance according to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and FIG. 4E is a transmittance according to the product ( ⁇ n ⁇ d) of the thickness (d) of the liquid crystal layer and the refractive index ( ⁇ n) of the liquid crystal layer. It is a graph showing.
  • the x-axis of Figures 4d and 4e is the length unit is [ ⁇ m], the y-axis represents the transmittance.
  • the transmittance of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 is about 17% to about 30% superior to that of the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
  • the transmittance of the liquid crystal displays of Examples 1 to 4 is about 9% to about 17% superior to the transmittance of the liquid crystal displays of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. It can be seen that.
  • the transmittances of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 are compared to those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The transmittance of the liquid crystal display device is better.
  • 5A to 5D are graphs comparing the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
  • 5A and 5B are graphs illustrating a response speed according to an applied voltage.
  • the x-axis is an applied voltage and a unit is [V]
  • the y-axis represents a response speed.
  • the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 are not much slower than those of the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Since the liquid crystal layers of Examples 1 to 4 contain ferroelectric liquid crystals, the viscosity of the liquid crystal layers is increased, which is slightly slower than the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, but seems to be similar.
  • Example 5B is selectively shown to confirm the response speed according to the voltage of Example 3 showing the maximum transmittance in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 3 showing the maximum transmittance in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 5B when comparing the response speeds of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 having excellent transmittance, it can be seen that the response speed of Example 3 is faster than that of Comparative Example 3.
  • FIG. 5B when comparing the response speeds of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 having excellent transmittance, it can be seen that the response speed of Example 3 is faster than that of Comparative Example 3.
  • FIG. 5C and 5D are graphs illustrating a response speed according to a thickness of a liquid crystal layer after applying a voltage of 7 V to the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. More specifically, FIG. 5C is a graph showing a response speed according to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and FIG. 5D is a response according to the product ( ⁇ n ⁇ d) of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer and the refractive index ⁇ n of the liquid crystal layer. Graph showing speed. The x-axis in Figs. 5c and 5d is the length in [m] and the y-axis is the response speed in [ms].
  • the response speed of Example 1 having a liquid crystal layer thickness of about 3.8 ⁇ m is about 18 ms. Can be.
  • the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 are about 22% to about 24 times the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. You can see it's about% faster.
  • the liquid crystal display device of Examples 1 to 4 includes a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a relatively high viscosity, a liquid crystal having an appropriate thickness and refractive index By including the layer, a response speed faster than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 can be achieved. Therefore, the liquid crystal display of Embodiments 1 to 4 may not only have a fast response speed but also have stable and uniform alignment of liquid crystal molecules with ferroelectric liquid crystals.
  • FIG. 6A is a graph illustrating transmittances of the liquid crystal displays of Examples 5 to 8
  • FIG. 6B is a graph illustrating response speeds of the liquid crystal displays of Examples 5 to 8.
  • the transmittance is improved.
  • the response speed is about 2 times slower. Therefore, in the present embodiments, it is preferable that the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition does not exceed 30% by weight of the total amount of the composition.
  • 7A to 7C and 8A to 8C are liquid crystals of Comparative Example 1, Example 3, and Example 9;
  • the textures of the display devices are the textures of the display devices.
  • Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 9 are substantially the same liquid crystal display devices except for the composition ratio of the liquid crystal layer.
  • Table 2 shows their composition ratios again.
  • the textures of FIGS. 7A-7C are white images under a cross polarizer.
  • the white images show a case where the angle between the cross polarizer and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is 45 °, and the light is passed through the liquid crystal layer and is illuminated. This can be confirmed by Equation 1 below.
  • Equation 1 T is the transmittance, ⁇ is the angle between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal molecules, ⁇ n is the birefringence value, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, ⁇ is the wavelength of the irradiated light.
  • ⁇ is 45 °, the value of sin 2 has the highest value and the highest transmittance.
  • FIG. 7A to 7C are textures of Comparative Example 1, Example 3, and Example 9, respectively.
  • FIG. 7A a defect that looks black at the edge portions of the slit or the boundary of the slit is shown.
  • FIG. 7B it can be seen that the defect disappeared much compared to FIG. 7A at the edge of the slit.
  • FIG. 7C it can be seen that defects at the boundary of the slit as well as the edge portions of the slit are removed.
  • the textures of FIGS. 8A-8C are black images under a cross polarizer.
  • the black images are a case where the angle between the cross-polarizing plate and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is 0 °. Show them.
  • the value of sin 2 has a value of 0, so that the transmittance is zero.
  • FIGS. 8A through 8C are textures of Comparative Example 1, Example 3, and Example 9, respectively.
  • FIG. 8A light leakage is seen at edges of the slit or at the boundary of the slit.
  • FIGS. 8B and 8C it can be seen that much light leakage is removed from the edge portion and the boundary of the slit compared to FIG. 8A.
  • the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is uniform and stable compared to the liquid crystal layer containing no ferroelectric material, thereby improving the brightness of the liquid crystal display device.
  • 9A and 9B are graphs showing gray levels of the textures of Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 9; 9A and 9B are evaluated at 256 (2 8 ) gray levels, showing gray near black as going to zero, and showing the darkness of gray from 0 to 256 levels.
  • FIG. 9A shows the gray level of the texture of FIGS. 7A-7C, which are often seen near 256 of the gray level as white images.
  • Comparative Example 1 of FIG. 7A is often seen between gray levels of about 200 to 230, and it can be seen that the width of the peak is wide.
  • Example 3 of FIG. 7B shows a lot between gray levels of about 240 to 250, and it can be seen that the peak width is narrower than that of Comparative Example 1.
  • FIG. Example 9 of FIG. 7C shows much between gray levels of about 230 to 250, and it can be seen that the peak width is narrower than that of Comparative Example 1.
  • FIG. 9B shows the gray level of the texture of FIGS. 8A-8C, which are seen much near zero of the gray level as black images.
  • Comparative Example 1 of FIG. 8A a lot is seen between gray levels of about 30 to 50, and it can be seen that the width of the peak is wide.
  • Example 3 of FIG. 8B shows a lot between gray levels about 0-20, and it can be seen that the width of the peak is narrower than the peak width of 1 in comparison.
  • Example 9 of FIG. 8C shows much between gray levels about 0 to 30, and it can be seen that the width of the peak is narrower than the peak width of Comparative Example 1.
  • the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is more uniform and stable than that of the liquid crystal layer not containing the ferroelectric material.
  • the brightness can be improved.

Abstract

Provided is a liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition comprises: a negative nematic liquid crystal;a positive nematic liquid crystal; and a ferroelectric liquid crystal.

Description

액정 조성물Liquid crystal composition
본 발명은 액정 조성물에 관한 것으로, 보다 구체적으로는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정을 포함하는 액정 조성물에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition, and more particularly, to a liquid crystal composition comprising a nematic liquid crystal and a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
액정 표시 장치는 현재 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 평판 표시 장치 중 하나로서, 고화질, 고휘도 및 대형화를 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그 연구의 일환으로 액정 표시 장치의 고화질, 고휘도 및 대형화를 위하여 액정 표시 장치 내 전극들의 구조가 다양해지고 복잡해지고 있다. 이러한 전극들로 구동 전압이 인가되면, 액정층의 액정 분자들은 인가된 전기장에 의해 그 배열이 변경되는데, 상기 액정 분자들은 상기 전극들에 의해 그 배열이 불균일하고 안정적이지 못하다. 상기 액정 분자들의 불균일하고 불안한 배열은 액정 표시 장치의 휘도를 저하시키는 문제로 발생시키고 있다.Liquid crystal display devices are one of the flat panel display devices most widely used at present, and studies for high quality, high brightness, and large size are being actively conducted. As a part of the research, the structure of electrodes in the liquid crystal display device has been diversified and complicated for the high quality, high brightness and large size of the liquid crystal display device. When a driving voltage is applied to these electrodes, the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is changed by an applied electric field, and the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules is uneven and unstable by the electrodes. Uneven and unstable arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules is caused by a problem of lowering the brightness of the liquid crystal display.
본 발명의 해결하고자 하는 일 기술적 과제는 배향 상태가 균일하고 안정화된 액정 조성물을 제공하는 것이다.One technical problem to be solved of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition in which the alignment state is uniform and stabilized.
본 발명이 해결하고자 하는 과제는 이상에서 언급한 과제에 제한되지 않으며, 언급되지 않은 또 다른 과제들은 아래의 기재로부터 당업자에게 명확하게 이해될 수 있을 것이다.The problem to be solved by the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned problem, another task that is not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.
본 발명의 개념에 따른 일 실시예는 액정 조성물이 제공한다. 상기 액정 조성물은, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정(negative nematic liquid crystal), 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정(positive nematic liquid crystal) 및 강유전성 액정(ferroelectric liquid crystal)을 포함한다.One embodiment according to the concept of the present invention provides a liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition includes a negative nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, a positive nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 70중량% 내지 99.9중량% 및 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물 0.1중량% 내지 30중량%을 포함할 수 있다.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition, the negative dielectric anisotropy of 70% to 99.9% by weight of the nematic liquid crystal and the positive dielectric anisotropy 0.1% by weight of the mixture of the nematic liquid crystal and ferroelectric liquid crystal To 30% by weight.
본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물에서, 상기 강유전성 액정은 10중량% 내지 99중량%을 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, in the mixture of the nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may include 10% to 99% by weight.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은, 리액티브 메조겐(reactive mesogen) 물질을 더 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition may further include a reactive mesogen material.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물 0.1중량% 내지 30중량%, 상기 리액티브 메조겐 물질 0.01중량% 내지 3중량% 및 여분의 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition, 0.1% to 30% by weight of the mixture of the nematic liquid crystal and ferroelectric liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy, 0.01% to 3% by weight of the reactive mesogen material And nematic liquid crystals having% and excess of said negative dielectric anisotropy.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들을 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 제1 기저(base) 액정 분자들을 더 포함하되, 상기 제1 기저 액정 분자들 각각은, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자 및 중성의 액정 분자로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy further comprises first base liquid crystal molecules, each of the first base liquid crystal molecules, the negative dielectric anisotropy It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a liquid crystal molecule having a liquid crystal molecule having a positive dielectric anisotropy and a neutral liquid crystal molecule.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들은, 제1 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자 및 상기 제1 음의 유전 이방성과는 상이한 제2 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자를 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy may include a nematic liquid crystal molecule having a first negative dielectric anisotropy and a second negative different from the first negative dielectric anisotropy. Nematic liquid crystal molecules having dielectric anisotropy.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들을 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 제2 기저 액정 분자들을 더 포함하되, 상기 제2 기저 액정 분자들 각각은, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자 및 중성의 액정 분자로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy further includes second base liquid crystal molecules, wherein each of the second base liquid crystal molecules is a liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy. Molecules, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, and neutral liquid crystal molecules.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들은, 제1 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자 및 상기 제1 양의 유전 이방성과는 상이한 제2 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자를 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the nematic liquid crystal molecules having the positive dielectric anisotropy, the nematic liquid crystal molecules having a first dielectric anisotropy and a second amount different from the first positive dielectric anisotropy Nematic liquid crystal molecules having dielectric anisotropy.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 강유전성 액정은, 강유전성 액정 분자들을 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may include ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 강유전성 액정은, 제3 기저 액정 분자들을 더 포함하되, 상기 제3 기저 액정 분자들 각각은, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자 및 중성의 액정 분자로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the ferroelectric liquid crystal further comprises third base liquid crystal molecules, each of the third base liquid crystal molecules, liquid crystal molecules having the negative dielectric anisotropy, the positive dielectric anisotropy It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a liquid crystal molecule having a neutral liquid crystal molecule.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 강유전성 액정 분자들은, 제1 강유전성 액정 분자 및 상기 제1 강유전성 액정 분자와는 상이한 제2 강유전성 액정 분자를 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules may include a first ferroelectric liquid crystal molecule and a second ferroelectric liquid crystal molecule different from the first ferroelectric liquid crystal molecule.
본 발명의 개념에 따른 다른 실시예는 액정 조성물이 제공한다. 상기 액정 조성물은, 비강유전성 액정(non-ferroelectric liquid crystal) 및 강유전성 액정(ferroelectric liquid crystal)을 포함한다.Another embodiment according to the inventive concept is provided by a liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition includes a non-ferroelectric liquid crystal and a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은, 상기 강유전성 액정 0.1중량% 내지 30중량%을 포함할 수 있다.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition may include 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of the ferroelectric liquid crystal.
본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 비강유전성 액정은, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the non-ferroelectric liquid crystal may include a nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy and a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 비강유전성 액정은, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the non-ferroelectric liquid crystal may include a nematic liquid crystal having the negative dielectric anisotropy.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 70중량% 내지 99.9중량% 및 상기 강유전성 액정 0.1중량% 내지 30중량%를 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition may include 70 wt% to 99.9 wt% of the nematic liquid crystal having the negative dielectric anisotropy and 0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of the ferroelectric liquid crystal.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은, 리액티브 메조겐 물질을 더 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition may further include a reactive mesogen material.
본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은, 상기 강유전성 액정의 0.1중량% 내지 30중량%, 상기 리액티브 메조겐 물질 0.01중량% 내지 3중량% 및 여분의 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition has 0.1% to 30% by weight of the ferroelectric liquid crystal, 0.01% to 3% by weight of the reactive mesogen material and extra negative dielectric anisotropy. It may comprise a nematic liquid crystal.
본 발명의 실시예에 따르면, 액정 조성물은 양의 유전 이방성을 가지는 네마틱 액정, 음의 유전 이방성을 가지는 네마틱 액정, 및 강유전성 액정을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 액정 조성물을 포함하는 액정 표시 장치에서, 상기 액정 조성물 내 액정 분자들의 배향 균일성 및 안정성이 향상되어 상기 액정 표시 장치의 휘도를 향상시킬 수 있다.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition may include a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, a nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal. In the liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal composition, alignment uniformity and stability of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal composition may be improved, thereby improving brightness of the liquid crystal display device.
본 발명의 보다 완전한 이해와 도움을 위해, 참조가 아래의 설명에 첨부도면과 함께 주어져 있고 참조번호가 아래에 나타나 있다.For a more complete understanding and help of the invention, reference is given to the following description together with the accompanying drawings and reference numbers are shown below.
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 액정 조성물의 전기적 특성을 나타내는 그래프이다.1 is a graph showing the electrical properties of the liquid crystal composition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 액정 표시 장치를 설명하기 위한 단면도이다.2 is a cross-sectional view for describing a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
도 3은 본 발명의 실시예들에 따른 전극들의 슬릿 형상을 설명하기 위한 평면도들이다.3 is a plan view illustrating slit shapes of electrodes according to embodiments of the present invention.
도 4a 내지 도 4e는 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들과 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치들의 투과도를 비교하는 그래프이다.4A to 4E are graphs comparing the transmittances of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
도 5a 내지 도 5d는 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들과 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치들의 응답 속도를 비교하는 그래프이다.5A to 5D are graphs comparing the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
도 6a는 실시예 5 내지 8의 액정 표시 장치들의 투과도를 나타내는 그래프이며, 도 6b는 실시예 5 내지 8의 액정 표시 장치들의 응답 속도를 나타내는 그래프이다.FIG. 6A is a graph illustrating transmittances of the liquid crystal displays of Examples 5 to 8, and FIG. 6B is a graph illustrating response speeds of the liquid crystal displays of Examples 5 to 8. FIG.
도 7a 내지 도 7c 및 도 8a 내지 도 8c는 비교예 1, 실시예 3 및 실시예 9의 액정 표시 장치들의 텍스쳐들이다.7A to 7C and 8A to 8C are textures of the liquid crystal display of Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 9, respectively.
도 9a 및 도 9b는 7a, 7b, 8a 및 8b의 텍스쳐의 그레이 레벨을 나타내는 그래프들이다.9A and 9B are graphs showing the gray levels of the textures of 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b.
본 발명의 구성 및 효과를 충분히 이해하기 위하여, 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시 예들을 설명한다. 그러나 본 발명은, 이하에서 개시되는 실시예들에 한정되는 것이 아니라, 여러 가지 형태로 구현될 수 있고 다양한 변경을 가할 수 있다. 단지, 본 실시예들의 설명을 통해 본 발명의 개시가 완전하도록 하며, 본 발명이 속하는 기술 분야의 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 발명의 범주를 완전하게 알려주기 위하여 제공되는 것이다. 당해 기술분야에서 통상의 기술을 가진 자는 본 발명의 개념이 어떤 적합한 환경에서 수행될 수 있다는 것을 이해할 것이다.In order to fully understand the constitution and effects of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but may be embodied in various forms and various changes may be made. Only, the description of the embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present invention complete, and to provide a complete scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will understand that the concept of the present invention may be carried out in any suitable environment.
본 명세서에서 사용된 용어는 실시 예들을 설명하기 위한 것이며 본 발명을 제한하고자 하는 것은 아니다. 본 명세서에서, 단수형은 문구에서 특별히 언급하지 않는 한 복수형도 포함한다. 명세서에서 사용되는 '포함한다(comprises) 및/또는' 포함하는(comprising)'은 언급된 구성요소, 단계, 동작 및/또는 장치는 하나 이상의 다른 구성요소, 단계, 동작 및/또는 장치의 존재 또는 추가를 배제하지 않는다.The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In this specification, the singular also includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise in the phrase. As used herein, 'comprises' and / or 'comprising' refers to the presence of one or more other components, steps, operations and / or devices, or Does not exclude additional
본 명세서에서 어떤 막(또는 층)이 다른 막(또는 층) 또는 기판상에 있다고 언급되는 경우에 그것은 다른 막(또는 층) 또는 기판상에 직접 형성될 수 있거나 또는 그들 사이에 제 3의 막(또는 층)이 개재될 수도 있다. Where it is mentioned herein that a film (or layer) is on another film (or layer) or substrate, it may be formed directly on another film (or layer) or substrate or a third film ( Or layers) may be interposed.
본 명세서의 다양한 실시 예들에서 제1, 제2, 제3 등의 용어가 다양한 영역, 막들(또는 층들) 등을 기술하기 위해서 사용되었지만, 이들 영역, 막들이 이 같은 용어들에 의해서 한정되어서는 안 된다. 이들 용어들은 단지 어느 소정 영역 또는 막(또는 층)을 다른 영역 또는 막(또는 층)과 구별시키기 위해서 사용되었을 뿐이다. 따라서, 어느 한 실시 예에의 제1 막질로 언급된 막질이 다른 실시 예에서는 제2 막질로 언급될 수도 있다. 여기에 설명되고 예시되는 각 실시 예는 그것의 상보적인 실시예도 포함한다. 명세서 전체에 걸쳐서 동일한 참조번호로 표시된 부분들은 동일한 구성요소들을 나타낸다Although terms such as first, second, third, etc. are used to describe various regions, films (or layers), etc. in various embodiments of the present specification, these regions, films should not be limited by these terms. do. These terms are only used to distinguish any given region or film (or layer) from other regions or films (or layers). Therefore, the film quality referred to as the first film quality in one embodiment may be referred to as the second film quality in other embodiments. Each embodiment described and illustrated herein also includes its complementary embodiment. Portions denoted by like reference numerals denote like elements throughout the specification.
본 발명의 실시예들에서 사용되는 용어들은 다르게 정의되지 않는 한, 해당 기술 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 통상적으로 알려진 의미로 해석될 수 있다.Unless otherwise defined, terms used in the embodiments of the present invention may be interpreted as meanings commonly known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
이하, 도면들을 참조하여, 본 발명의 실시예들에 대해 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
(액정 조성물_제1 실시예)(Liquid Crystal Composition_Example 1)
본 발명의 실시예들에 따른 액정 조성물은, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정(negative nematic liquid crystal), 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정(positive nematic liquid crystal) 및 강유전성 액정(ferroelectric liquid crystal)을 포함할 수 있다.According to embodiments of the present invention, a liquid crystal composition includes a negative nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, a positive nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal ) May be included.
일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은, 약 70중량% 내지 약 99.9중량%의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 액정 조성물은 약 0.1중량% 내지 약 30중량%의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물을 더 포함할 수 있다.According to one embodiment, the liquid crystal composition may include a nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy of about 70% by weight to about 99.9% by weight. The liquid crystal composition may further include a mixture of nematic liquid crystal and ferroelectric liquid crystal having dielectric anisotropy in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight.
상기 양의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물은, 약 1중량% 내지 90중량%의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정과, 약 10중량% 내지 약 99중량%의 강유전성 액정을 포함할 수 있다.The mixture of the positively anisotropic nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal includes a nematic liquid crystal having an amount of dielectric anisotropy of about 1% by weight to 90% by weight, and about 10% by weight to about 99% by weight of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. can do.
일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물에서 상기 강유전성 액정은 약 0.01중량% 내지 약 29.7중량% 범위 내일 수 있다. 상기 강유전성 액정이 상기 액정 조성물 총량의 약 0.01중량%이하일 경우, 상기 액정 조성물의 액정 배향성이 불안정할 수 있다. 또한, 상기 강유전성 액정이 상기 액정 조성물 총량의 약 29.7중량%를 초과하는 경우, 액정 조성물의 점도가 증가하여 상기 액정 조성물을 포함하는 표시 장치의 응답 속도(response time)가 느려질 수 있다. 바람직하게는, 상기 강유전성 액정은 상기 액정 조성물 총량의 약 10중량% 정도일 수 있다.According to one embodiment, the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition may be in the range of about 0.01% to about 29.7% by weight. When the ferroelectric liquid crystal is about 0.01% by weight or less of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal alignment of the liquid crystal composition may be unstable. In addition, when the ferroelectric liquid crystal exceeds about 29.7% by weight of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition, the viscosity of the liquid crystal composition may increase, resulting in a slow response time of the display device including the liquid crystal composition. Preferably, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may be about 10% by weight of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition.
이하에서, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정, 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 예시적 물질들을 설명하도록 한다. 하기에 설명되는 예시적인 물질들로, 본 발명의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정, 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정을 이것으로 한정하는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, exemplary materials of the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy and the ferroelectric liquid crystal will be described. Exemplary materials described below do not limit the nematic liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy, the nematic liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy, and ferroelectric liquid crystals of the present invention.
우선, 네마틱 액정의 특징을 간략하게 설명하고, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정의 예시들을 분류하도록 한다.First, the characteristics of nematic liquid crystals will be briefly described, and examples of nematic liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy and nematic liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy will be classified.
네마틱 액정은 액정의 가늘고 긴 분자가 서로의 위치는 불규칙하지만 그 장축은 모두 일정한 방향으로 향하고 있는 상태의 액정을 이른다. 네마틱 액정의 각 분자는 장축 방향으로 자유롭게 움직일 수 있으므로 점성이 작아 흐르기 쉬우며, 네마틱 분자의 방향은 위, 아래가 실질적으로 동일하기 때문에 분극이 상쇄되어 일반적으로 강유전성을 나타내지 않는다. 액정의 분자의 축 방향과 직각 방향에서, 물리적 성질이 매우 다르다. 따라서, 네마틱 액정은 광학적 이방성을 가지는 물질이다. 축 방향이 평행인 유전율과 축 방향이 직각인 유전율의 차이(△ε)가 0보다 작으면 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정이라고 하고, 0보다 크면 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정이라고 한다.Nematic liquid crystals form liquid crystals in which the elongated molecules of the liquid crystal have irregular positions of each other but their long axes are directed in a constant direction. Since each molecule of the nematic liquid crystal can freely move in the long axis direction, the viscosity is small and easily flows. Since the directions of the nematic molecules are substantially the same in the up and down directions, the polarization is canceled and generally does not exhibit ferroelectricity. In the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the molecules of the liquid crystal, physical properties are very different. Therefore, nematic liquid crystal is a material having optical anisotropy. If the difference between the dielectric constant parallel to the axial direction and the dielectric constant perpendicular to the axial direction (Δε) is less than 0, it is called a nematic liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy, and if greater than 0, it is called a nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy. .
음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정Nematic liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy
일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들을 포함할 수 있다. 일 측면에서, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들은 한 종류(single)일 수 있다. 다른 측면에서, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들은, 서로 상이한 종류(mixture)일 수 있다. 예를 들면, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들은, 제1 유전률을 갖는 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자 및 제2 유전률을 갖는 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자를 포함할 수 있다. 이때, 상기 제2 유전률은 상기 제1 유전률과 상이할 수 있다.According to an embodiment, the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy. In one aspect, the nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy may be a single type. In another aspect, the nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy may be of different kinds from each other. For example, the nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy may include liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy having a first dielectric constant and liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy having a second dielectric constant. In this case, the second dielectric constant may be different from the first dielectric constant.
다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들 및 제1 기저 액정 분자들을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 제1 기저 액정 분자들 각각은, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자 및 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자, 중성의 액정 분자들로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함할 수 있다. 일 측면에서, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 한 종류의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들과, 제1 기저 분자들을 포함할 수 있다. 다른 측면에서, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 다양한 종류의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자들과, 제1 기저 액정 분자들을 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment, the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy and first base liquid crystal molecules. Each of the first base liquid crystal molecules may include at least one selected from the group consisting of liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy and neutral liquid crystal molecules. In one aspect, the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having one kind of negative dielectric anisotropy and first base molecules. In another aspect, the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include liquid crystal molecules having various kinds of negative dielectric anisotropy and first base liquid crystal molecules.
이하에서는, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 예들을 나열하여 설명하도록 한다. 하기의 물질들은 단독 또는 혼합하여 사용될 수 있다.Hereinafter, nematic liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy will be described with examples. The following materials may be used alone or in combination.
상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 할로겐계(halogen group), 시안화계(cyanide group), 또는 이소시아네이트계(isocyanate group) 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 할로겐계(halogen group), 시안화계(cyanide group), 또는 이소시아네이트계(isocyanate group) 네마틱 액정을 단독 또는 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 제1 기저 액정 분자들을 더 포함할 수 있다.The negative liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may include a halogen group, a cyanide group, or an isocyanate group nematic liquid crystal. The nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may be used alone or in combination with a halogen group, a cyanide group, or an isocyanate group nematic liquid crystal. In addition, the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy may further include first base liquid crystal molecules.
할로겐계 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 불소계(fluorine group), 염소계(chlorine group) 또는 브롬계(brome group)물질 등을 포함할 수 있으며, 단일 또는 다중환 구조를 가질 수 있다. The nematic liquid crystal having a halogen-based negative dielectric anisotropy may include a fluorine group, a chlorine group, or a bromine group material, and may have a single or polycyclic structure.
할로겐 계열 2환 구조의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 하기 화학식 1 및 2로 표기될 수 있다.Nematic liquid crystals having a negative dielectric anisotropy of a halogen-based bicyclic structure may be represented by the following Chemical Formulas 1 and 2.
화학식 1
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000001
 Formula 1
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000001
화학식 2
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000002
 Formula 2
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000002
화학식 1 및 2에서, R은 1 내지 15개의 탄소 원자를 갖는 알킬(alkyl), 또는 알콕시(alkoxy)이고 (여기에서, 수소는 CN, CF3, 또는 할로겐(halogen)으로 치환될 수 있고, -CH2- 그룹은 -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- 또는 -S-로 치환될 수 있음), X는 서로 독립적으로 할로겐(halogen), 1 내지 15개의 탄소 원자를 갖는 할로겐화된 알킬(halogenated alkyl), 알콕시(halogenated alkoxy), 할로겐화된 알케닐(halogenated alkenyl) 또는 알케닐옥시(halogenated oxy)이고, L1 및 L2는 서로 독립적으로 수소 또는 할로겐(halogen)이다. In formulas (1) and (2), R is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or alkoxy, wherein hydrogen may be substituted with CN, CF 3 , or halogen, and CH 2 -group can be substituted with -CH = CH-, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- or -S-), X independently of each other Halogen, halogenated alkyl with 1 to 15 carbon atoms, halogenated alkoxy, halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy, L 1 and L 2 Are independently of each other hydrogen or halogen.
할로겐 계열 3환 구조의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 화학식 3 내지 6으로 표기될 수 있다.Nematic liquid crystals having a negative dielectric anisotropy of a halogen-based tricyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formulas 3 to 6.
화학식 3
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000003
 Formula 3
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000003
화학식 4
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000004
 Formula 4
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000004
화학식 5
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000005
 Formula 5
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000005
화학식 6
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000006
 Formula 6
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000006
화학식 3 내지 6에서, R, L1, 및 L2는 상기 화학식 1 및 2에서 정의된 바와 같고, L3 및 L4는 서로 독립적으로 수소 또는 할로겐(halogen)이며, Z는 단일 결합, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH2O-, -(CH2)4-, CF=CF-, -CH=CF- 또는 -CF=CH-이다. In Formulas 3 to 6, R, L 1 , and L 2 are as defined in Formulas 1 and 2, L 3 and L 4 are independently hydrogen or halogen, and Z is a single bond, -CF 2 O-, -OCF 2- , -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 CH 2- , -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, -CH 2 O-,-(CH 2 ) 4 -, CF = CF-, -CH = CF- or -CF = CH-.
할로겐 계열 4환 구조의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 화학식 7 내지 9로 표기될 수 있다.Nematic liquid crystals having a negative dielectric anisotropy of a halogen-based tetracyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formulas 7 to 9.
화학식 7
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000007
 Formula 7
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000007
화학식 8
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000008
 Formula 8
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000008
화학식 9
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000009
 Formula 9
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000009
화학식 7 내지 9에서, Y는 수소 또는 할로겐(halogen)을 나타내고, R1은 1 내지 15개의 탄소 원자를 가지는 알킬(alkyl), 또는 알케닐(alkenyl)을 나타내고, R2는 1 내지 15개의 탄소 원자를 가지는 알킬(alkyl), 알케닐(alkenyl), 또는 알콕시기(alkoxy)를 나타내고(R1, 및 R2에서, 수소는 CN, CF3, 또는 할로겐(halogen) 원자에 의해 치환될 수 있고, CH2 기는 -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-, -OC-O- 또는 -O-CO-에 의해 치환될 수 있음), Z는 단일 결합, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH2O-, -(CH2)4-, CF=CF-, -CH=CF- 또는 -CF=CH-이다. In formulas 7 to 9, Y represents hydrogen or halogen, R 1 represents alkyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or alkenyl, and R 2 represents 1 to 15 carbons Alkyl, alkenyl, or alkoxy having atoms (in R 1 , and R 2 , hydrogen may be replaced by CN, CF 3 , or halogen atoms) , CH 2 group may be substituted by -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-, -OC-O- or -O-CO-), Z is a single bond, -CF 2 O-, -OCF 2- , -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 CH 2- , -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, -CH 2 O-,-(CH 2 ) 4 -, CF = CF-, -CH = CF- or -CF = CH-.
할로겐계 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 측면 플루오르화된 인단 유도체를 가지며, 하기 화학식 10으로 표기될 수 있다.The nematic liquid crystal having halogen negative dielectric anisotropy has a lateral fluorinated indane derivative and may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 10.
화학식 10
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000010
 Formula 10
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000010
상기 식에서, m은 정수를 나타내고, n은 0 또는 1이다.Wherein m represents an integer and n is 0 or 1.
시안화계 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 하기 화학식 11 내지 13으로 표기될 수 있다. The nematic liquid crystal having cyanide negative dielectric anisotropy may be represented by the following Chemical Formulas 11 to 13.
화학식 11
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000011
 Formula 11
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000011
화학식 12
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000012
 Formula 12
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000012
화학식 13
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000013
 Formula 13
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000013
화학식 11 내지 13에서, R3은 1 내지 15개의 탄소 원자를 갖는 알킬(alkyl) 그룹 (여기서, 수소는 비치환되거나 CN, CF3, 또는 할로겐(halogen)에 의해 적어도 일치환될 수 있고, CH2 기는 -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-, -OC-O- 또는 -O-CO-에 의해 대체될 수 있다)이고, L1 및 L2 서로 독립적으로 수소 또는 할로겐(halogen)이고, Z는 단일 결합, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH2O-, -(CH2)4-, CF=CF-, -CH=CF- 또는 -CF=CH-이다. In Formulas 11-13, R 3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein hydrogen may be unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted by CN, CF 3, or halogen, and CH 2 groups can be replaced by -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-, -OC-O- or -O-CO-) and L 1 and L 2 independently of each other Hydrogen or halogen, Z is a single bond, -CF 2 O-, -OCF 2- , -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 CH 2- , -CH = CH-, -C≡ C-, -CH 2 O-,-(CH 2 ) 4- , CF = CF-, -CH = CF- or -CF = CH-.
상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 단일 물질 또는 혼합물일 수 있다. 실시예에 의하면 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 혼합물은, The negative liquid crystal having dielectric anisotropy may be a single substance or a mixture. According to an embodiment, the nematic liquid crystal mixture having negative dielectric anisotropy,
(a) -1.5 미만의 유전 이방성을 갖는 화합물 하나 이상으로 이루어진 액정 성분 A: (a) Liquid Crystal Component A consisting of at least one compound having a dielectric anisotropy of less than -1.5:
(b) -1.5 내지 +1.5의 유전 이방성을 갖는 화합물 하나 이상으로 이루어진 액정 성분 B: 및(b) a liquid crystal component B consisting of at least one compound having a dielectric anisotropy of -1.5 to +1.5: and
(c) 키랄 성분 C를 포함할 수 있다. (c) chiral component C may be included.
상기 액정 성분 A는 하기 화학식 14 내지 17의 하나 이상의 화합물을 포함할 수 있다. The liquid crystal component A may include one or more compounds of Formulas 14 to 17.
화학식 14
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000014
 Formula 14
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000014
화학식 15
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000015
 Formula 15
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000015
화학식 16
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000016
 Formula 16
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000016
화학식 17
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000017
 Formula 17
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000017
상기 액정 성분 B는 하기 화학식 18 내지 20의 하나 이상의 화합물을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 액정 성분 B는 상술한 제1 기저 액정 분자들일 수 있다.The liquid crystal component B may include one or more compounds of Formulas 18 to 20. The liquid crystal component B may be the first base liquid crystal molecules described above.
화학식 18
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000018
 Formula 18
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000018
화학식 19
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000019
 Formula 19
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000019
화학식 20
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000020
 Formula 20
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000020
화학식 14 내지 20에서, R4 및 R5는 각각 서로 독립적으로 탄소수 1 내지 15를 갖는 알킬(alkyl), 알콕시(alkoxy), 알콕시알킬(alkoxy alkyl), 알케닐(alkenyl) 또는 알케닐옥시(alkenyl oxy)이고, (여기에서, 수소는 CN, CF3, 또는 할로겐(halogen) 원자에 의해 치환될 수 있고, -CH2- 그룹은 -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- 또는 -S-에 의해 치환될 수 있음), Y1은 수소 또는 할로겐(halogen)를 나타낸다.In Formulas 14 to 20, R 4 and R 5 are each independently alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxy alkyl, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 1 to 15 carbon atoms. oxy), where hydrogen may be substituted by CN, CF 3 , or halogen atoms, and the —CH 2 — group is —CH═CH—, —O—, —CO—, —COO -, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- or -S- may be substituted), Y 1 represents hydrogen or halogen.
키랄 성분 C는 하기 예와 같은 다수의 키랄 도펀트(dopant)가 이용 가능하다. 도펀트의 선택은 그 자체로서는 중요하지 않다.Chiral component C is available in a number of chiral dopants, such as the following examples. The choice of dopant is not important by itself.
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000001
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000001
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000002
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000002
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000003
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000003
양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정Nematic liquid crystals with positive dielectric anisotropy
일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들을 포함할 수 있다. 일 측면에서, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들은 한 종류(single)일 수 있다. 다른 측면에서, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들은, 서로 상이한 종류(mixture)일 수 있다. 예를 들면, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들은, 제1 유전률을 갖는 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자 및 제2 유전률을 갖는 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자를 포함할 수 있다. 이때, 상기 제2 유전률은 상기 제1 유전률과 상이할 수 있다.According to an embodiment, the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy. In one aspect, the nematic liquid crystal molecules having the positive dielectric anisotropy may be a single type. In another aspect, the nematic liquid crystal molecules having the positive dielectric anisotropy may be of different kinds from each other. For example, the nematic liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy may include liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy having a first dielectric constant and liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy having a second dielectric constant. In this case, the second dielectric constant may be different from the first dielectric constant.
다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들 및 제2 기저 액정 분자들을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 제2 기저 액정 분자들 각각은, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자 및 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자, 중성의 액정 분자들로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함할 수 있다. 일 측면에서, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 한 종류의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들과, 제2 기저 분자들을 포함할 수 있다. 다른 측면에서, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 다양한 종류의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자들과, 제2 기저 액정 분자들을 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment, the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy and second base liquid crystal molecules. Each of the second base liquid crystal molecules may include at least one selected from the group consisting of liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, and neutral liquid crystal molecules. In one aspect, the nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy may include nematic liquid crystal molecules having a kind of dielectric anisotropy and second basis molecules. In another aspect, the nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy may include liquid crystal molecules having various kinds of dielectric anisotropy and second base liquid crystal molecules.
이하에서는, 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 예들을 나열하여 설명하도록 한다. 하기의 물질들은 단독 또는 혼합하여 사용될 수 있다.Hereinafter, nematic liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy will be described by listing examples. The following materials may be used alone or in combination.
상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 시안화계(cyanide group), 이소시아네이트계(isocyanate group), 할로겐계(halogen group) 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 시안화계(cyanide group), 이소시아네이트계(isocyanate group), 할로겐계(halogen group) 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 단독 또는 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 제2 기저 액정 분자들을 더 포함할 수 있다.The nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy may include a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy of a cyanide group, an isocyanate group, and a halogen group. The nematic liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy may be used singly or in combination with the cyanide group, the isocyanate group, and the halogen-based nematic liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy. In addition, the nematic liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy may further include second base liquid crystal molecules.
시안화계 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 2환구조 또는 3환구조를 가질 수 있다. The nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy may have a bicyclic structure or a tricyclic structure.
2환 구조의 시안화계 네마틱 액정은 화학식 21로 표기될 수 있다.The cyanated nematic liquid crystal of the bicyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formula 21.
화학식 21
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000021
 Formula 21
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000021
화학식 21에서 R6은 탄소수 1 내지 15의 알케닐(alkenyl)이다.(여기에서, 수소는 CN, CF3, 또는 할로겐(halogen)에 의해 치환될 수 있고, -CH2- 그룹은 -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- 또는 -S-에 의해 임의로 치환될 수 있음) 화학식 21의 구체적인 예들이 다음에 도시된다.R 6 in formula 21 is alkenyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (wherein hydrogen may be replaced by CN, CF 3 , or halogen, and —CH 2 — group is —CH═ May be optionally substituted by CH—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OOC—, —O—OC—O—, or —S—. Specific examples of Formula 21 are shown below.
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000004
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000004
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000005
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000005
화학식 21에서, R7는 H, CH3, C2H5 또는 n-C3H7이다.In formula 21, R 7 is H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 or nC 3 H 7 .
3환 구조의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 화학식 22로 표기될 수 있다.The nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy of the tricyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formula 22.
화학식 22
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000022
 Formula 22
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000022
R 3는 상기 화학식 11 내지 13에서 정의한 바와 같이 R 3는 비치환되거나 CN, CF3, 또는 할로겐(halogen)에 의해 적어도 일치환된 15개 이하의 탄소 원자를 갖는 알킬(alkyl) 그룹이고, 여기서 이들 알킬 중에서 하나 이상의 CH2기는 -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-, -OC-O- 또는 -O-CO-에 의해 대체될 수 있고, L1 및 L2는 각각 서로 독립적으로 수소 또는 할로겐(halogen) 이다.R 3 is as R 3 is unsubstituted or CN, CF 3, or halogen-alkyl (alkyl) having at least one carbon atom less than the 15-substituted one by (halogen) groups as defined in Formula 11 to 13, wherein One or more CH 2 groups in these alkyls may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, —OC—O— or —O—CO—, L 1 and L 2 each independently is hydrogen or halogen (halogen) with each other.
이소시아네이트 계 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 하기 화학식 23으로 표기될 수 있다. Nematic liquid crystals having an isocyanate-based dielectric anisotropy can be represented by the following formula (23).
화학식 23
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000023
 Formula 23
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000023
화학식 23에서, R8은 CnH2n+1O, CnH2n+1, 또는 CnH2n-1 이며, 이때 n은 1 내지 15이고, A는
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000006
또는
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000007
이며, B는 -CH2-CH2- 또는 -C≡C- 이며, X1는 수소 또는 할로겐(halogen)이며, m은 1, 2, 3, 또는 4이다. 화학식 23의 구체적인 예들이 다음에 도시된다.In Formula 23, R 8 is C n H 2n + 1 O, C n H 2n + 1 , or C n H2 n-1 , wherein n is 1 to 15 and A is
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000006
or
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000007
, B is -CH 2 -CH 2 -or -C≡C-, X 1 is hydrogen or halogen, m is 1, 2, 3, or 4. Specific examples of Formula 23 are shown next.
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000008
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000008
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000009
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000009
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000010
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000010
할로겐계 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 불소계 또는 염소계 물질을 포함할 수 있으며, 단일 또는 다중환 구조를 가질 수 있다. 불소계 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 화학식 24 내지 27로 표시될 수 있다. Nematic liquid crystals having a halogen-based positive dielectric anisotropy may include a fluorine-based or chlorine-based material and may have a single or polycyclic structure. Nematic liquid crystals having fluorine-based dielectric anisotropy may be represented by Chemical Formulas 24 to 27.
화학식 24
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000024
 Formula 24
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000024
화학식 25
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000025
 Formula 25
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000025
화학식 26
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000026
 Formula 26
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000026
화학식 27
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000027
 Formula 27
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000027
화학식 24 내지 27에서, R9 및 R10은 탄소 원자 1 내지 15개를 갖는 알킬(alkyl), 알콕시(alkoxy), 불화된 알킬(fluorinated alkyl), 불화된 알콕시(fluorinated alkoxy), 알케닐(alkenyl), 알케닐옥시(alkenyloxy), 알콕시알킬(alkoxy alkyl) 또는 불화된 알케닐(fluorinated alkenyl)이며, L 21, L 22, L 23, 및 L 24는 각각 서로 독립적으로 수소 또는 불소(fluorine)이고, Z는 단일 결합, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH2O-, -(CH2)4-, CF=CF-, -CH=CF- 또는 -CF=CH-를 나타낸다. In Formulas 24 to 27, R 9 and R 10 are alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkoxy, alkenyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms. ), Alkenyloxy, alkoxy alkyl or fluorinated alkenyl, L 21 , L 22 , L 23 , and L 24 are each independently hydrogen or fluorine , Z is a single bond, -CF 2 O-, -OCF 2- , -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 CH 2- , -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, -CH 2 O -,-(CH 2 ) 4- , CF = CF-, -CH = CF- or -CF = CH-.
할로겐 계열 2환 구조의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 하기 화학식 28로 표기될 수 있다. The nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy of the halogen series bicyclic structure may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 28.
화학식 28
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000028
 Formula 28
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000028
화학식 28에서, R11은 수소, 할로겐(halogen), 탄소수 1 내지 15의 알케닐(alkenyl), 알케닐옥시(alkenyloxy), 알카이닐(alkynyl), 또는 알카인옥시(alkynoxy)를 나타내고, 상기 R11에서 하나 이상의 -CH2-기가 -O-, C=O 또는 -S-로 치환될 수 있고, L5는 할로겐, 탄소수 1 내지 15의 불소화된 알킬(fluorinated alkyl), 알콕시(fluorinated alkoxy), 불소화된 알케닐(fluorinated alkenyl), 알케닐옥시(alkenyloxy) 또는 옥시알킬(oxyalkyl), -OCF3, -OCHFCF3 또는 SF5이고, L6, L7, L8, 및 L9는 각각 서로 독립적으로 수소(H) 또는 할로겐(halogen)이고, Z는 단일 결합, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH2O-, -(CH2)4-, CF=CF-, -CH=CF- 또는 -CF=CH-이다. 화학식 28의 구체적인 예들이 다음에 도시된다. In Formula 28, R 11 represents hydrogen, halogen, alkenyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, or alkynoxy, wherein R One or more -CH 2 -groups at 11 may be substituted with —O—, C═O or —S—, L 5 is halogen, fluorinated alkyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, alkoxy (fluorinated alkoxy), Fluorinated alkenyl, alkenyloxy or oxyalkyl, -OCF 3 , -OCHFCF 3 or SF 5 , and L 6 , L 7 , L 8 , and L 9 are each independent of each other Is hydrogen (H) or halogen, Z is a single bond, -CF 2 O-, -OCF 2- , -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 CH 2- , -CH = CH- , -C≡C-, -CH 2 O-,-(CH 2 ) 4- , CF = CF-, -CH = CF- or -CF = CH-. Specific examples of Formula 28 are shown next.
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000011
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000011
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000012
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000012
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000013
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000013
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000014
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000014
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000015
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000015
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000016
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000016
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000017
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000017
상기 화학식들에서 n은 1 내지 15이다.N in the formulas is 1 to 15.
할로겐 계열 3환 구조의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 화학식 29 내지 화학식 33으로 표기될 수 있다. The nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy of the halogen-based tricyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formulas 29 to 33.
화학식 29
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000029
 Formula 29
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000029
화학식 30
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000030
 Formula 30
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000030
화학식 31
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000031
 Formula 31
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000031
화학식 32
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000032
 Formula 32
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000032
화학식 33
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000033
 Formula 33
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000033
화학식 29 내지 33에서, R12는 탄소수 1 내지 15의 알킬(alkyl) 또는 알케닐(alkenyl)이고 (여기에서, 알킬 또는 알케닐은 비치환되거나 CN, CF3, 또는 할로겐에 의해 적어도 일치환될 수 있고, 하나 이상의 -CH2-기는 -O-에 의해 치환될 수 있음), X3는 -F, -Cl, -OCF3, -OCHF2, -OCH2F 또는 -CF3이다. 화학식 29의 구체적인 예는 다음과 같다.In formulas 29 to 33, R 12 is alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (wherein alkyl or alkenyl is unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted by CN, CF 3 , or halogen) And one or more -CH 2 -groups may be substituted by -O-), X 3 is -F, -Cl, -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -OCH 2 F or -CF 3 . Specific examples of the formula (29) are as follows.
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000018
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000018
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000019
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000019
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000020
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000020
여기에서, R12는 앞서 정의한 바와 같다. Here, R 12 is as defined above.
할로겐 계열 4환 구조의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 화학식 34 내지 화학식 36으로 표기될 수 있다.The nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy of the halogen-based tetracyclic structure may be represented by Chemical Formulas 34 to 36.
화학식 34
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000034
 Formula 34
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000034
화학식 35
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000035
 Formula 35
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000035
화학식 36
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000036
 Formula 36
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000036
화학식 34 내지 36에서 R13은 각각 탄소수 1 내지 15의 알킬(alkyl), 알콕시(alkoxy) 또는 알케닐(alkenyl)이고 (상기 알킬, 알콕시, 또는 알케닐에서 수소는 CN, CF3, 또는 할로겐(halogen)으로 치환될 수 있고, -CH2- 그룹은 -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- 또는 -S-로 치환될 수 있음), Z는 단일 결합, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH2O-, -(CH2)4-, CF=CF-, -CH=CF- 또는 -CF=CH-이다. R 13 in Formulas 34 to 36 are each alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (in the alkyl, alkoxy, or alkenyl, hydrogen is CN, CF 3 , or halogen ( halogen), and the -CH 2 -group may be substituted with -CH = CH-, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- or -S-. Z is a single bond, -CF 2 O-, -OCF 2- , -COO-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 CH 2- , -CH = CH-, -C≡C-,- CH 2 O—, — (CH 2 ) 4 —, CF═CF—, —CH═CF— or —CF═CH—.
삼치환 불소 또는 시안화기를 포함하는 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 화학식 37로 표기될 수 있다. A nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy containing a trisubstituted fluorine or cyanide group may be represented by the formula (37).
화학식 37
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000037
 Formula 37
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000037
화학식 37에서, 2개의 R14 및 R15 중 하나 이상은 비치환되거나 CN, CF3 또는 할로겐(halogen)에 의해 적어도 일치환된 15개 이하의 탄소 원자를 갖는 알케닐(alkenyl) 그룹이고, 다른 하나는 비치환되거나 CN, CF3 또는 할로겐에 의해 적어도 일치환된 15개 이하의 탄소 원자를 갖는 알킬(alkyl) 그룹일 수 있고, 여기서 이들 그룹들 중 하나 이상의 CH2 기는 -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -OCO-, 또는 -O-CO-에 의해 대체될 수 있다. 화학식 37의 구체적인 예들이 다음에 도시된다. In formula 37, at least one of two R 14 and R 15 is an alkenyl group having up to 15 carbon atoms unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted by CN, CF 3 or halogen, and the other One can be an alkyl group having up to 15 carbon atoms unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted by halogen, CN, CF 3 or halogen, wherein one or more CH 2 groups of these groups are -O-, -S May be replaced by-, -C≡C-, -OCO-, or -O-CO-. Specific examples of Formula 37 are shown next.
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000021
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000021
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000022
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000022
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000023
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000023
n 및 m은 1 내지 10, 바람직하게는 1 내지 5이고, o 및 p는 각각 서로 독립적으로 동일하거나 상이하며, 0 내지 10, 바람직하게는 0 내지 5이고, 단 o+p의 합은 바람직하게는 7 이하이다.n and m are 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, o and p are each independently the same or different and are 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 5, provided that the sum of o + p is preferably Is 7 or less.
상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 단일 물질 또는 혼합물일 수 있다. 일 실시예 따른 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 혼합물은,The nematic liquid crystals having said positive dielectric anisotropy can be a single substance or a mixture. Nematic liquid crystal mixture having a positive dielectric anisotropy according to one embodiment,
a) +1.5 초과의 유전성 이방성을 갖는 하나 이상의 화합물로 이루어진 액정 성분 A, a) liquid crystal component A consisting of one or more compounds having a dielectric anisotropy greater than +1.5,
b) -1.5 내지 +1.5의 유전성 이방성을 갖는 하나 이상의 화합물로 이루어진 액정 성분, 및b) a liquid crystal component consisting of one or more compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of -1.5 to +1.5, and
c) 필요한 경우에 광학 활성 성분 C를 포함하는 것으로, c) including optically active component C, if necessary,
액정 성분 A는 상기 화학식 37의 하나 이상의 화합물을 포함할 수 있다. 액정 성분 B는 하기 화학식 38로 표시되는 하나 이상의 화합물을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 액정 성분 B는 상술한 제2 기저 액정 분자들일 수 있다.Liquid crystal component A may include one or more compounds of Formula 37. Liquid crystal component B may include one or more compounds represented by Formula 38 below. The liquid crystal component B may be the second base liquid crystal molecules described above.
성분 C는 다수의 키랄 도펀트로 콜레스테릴 노나노에이트(CN), S-811, S-1011, S-2011(독일 다름스타트 소재의 메르크 카게아아(Merck KGaA)) 및 CB15(영국 풀 소재의 BDH)와 같은 시판되는 다수의 키랄 도펀트가 이용 가능하다. 도펀트의 선택은 그 자체로서는 중요하지 않다. Component C is cholesteryl nonanoate (CN), S-811, S-1011, S-2011 (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) with multiple chiral dopants and CB15 (Pool, UK). Many chiral dopants are available, such as BDH). The choice of dopant is not important by itself.
화학식 38
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000038
 Formula 38
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000038
R16 및 R17은 각각 서로 독립적으로 동일하거나 상이하며, 각각은 비치환되거나 CN, CF3, 또는 할로겐(halogen)에 의해 적어도 일치환된 15개 이하의 탄소 원자를 갖는 알킬기(alkyl)이고, 여기서 이들 알킬기 중에서 하나 이상의 CH2는 -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-, -OC-O- 또는 -OCO-에 의해 대체될 수 있고, 상기 1,4-페닐렌(1,4-phenylene) 고리는 각각 서로 독립적으로 불소(fluorine)에 의해 일치환되거나 다치환될 수도 있다.R 16 and R 17 are each independently the same or different and each is an alkyl group having up to 15 carbon atoms which are unsubstituted or at least monosubstituted by CN, CF 3, or halogen, Wherein one or more CH 2 in these alkyl groups may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, —OC—O— or —OCO—, wherein 1,4- The phenylene (1,4-phenylene) ring may be mono- or polysubstituted by fluorine independently of each other.
강유전성 액정Ferroelectric liquid crystal
강유전성 액정은 전기장을 인가하지 않아도 자발 분극(spontaneous polarization)이 존재하는 특성을 가지며, 전기적으로 절연체인 유전체의 일종이지만 일반적인 유전체와는 달리 유전 분극이 전기장에 비례하지 않고, 분극과 전기장과의 관계가 전기 이력을 갖는 이상성을 나타내는 특징을 갖는다. 강유전성 액정은 특징적으로 자발 분극을 가지고 있을 뿐만 아니라 이 자발 분극이 전기장에 의해 역전되는(polarization reversal) 현상이 나타나는 물성을 갖는다.Although ferroelectric liquid crystals have spontaneous polarization even when an electric field is not applied, it is a kind of dielectric that is an electrically insulator, but unlike general dielectrics, dielectric polarization is not proportional to electric field, and the relationship between polarization and electric field It has the characteristic which shows the ideal with electric history. Ferroelectric liquid crystals have not only spontaneous polarization, but also physical properties in which spontaneous polarization is reversed by an electric field.
일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 강유전성 액정은, 강유전성 액정 분자들을 포함할 수 있다. 일 측면에서, 상기 강유전성 액정 분자들은 한 종류(single)일 수 있다. 다른 측면에서, 상기 강유전성 액정 분자들은, 서로 상이한 종류(mixture)일 수 있다. 예를 들면, 상기 강유전성 액정 분자들은, 제1 강유전성 액정 분자 및 제2 강유전성 액정 분자를 포함할 수 있다. 이때, 상기 제2 강유전성 액정 분자는 상기 제1 강유전성 액정 분자와 상이할 수 있다.In example embodiments, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may include ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules. In one aspect, the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules may be a single type. In another aspect, the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules may be of different kinds from each other. For example, the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules may include a first ferroelectric liquid crystal molecule and a second ferroelectric liquid crystal molecule. In this case, the second ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules may be different from the first ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules.
다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 강유전성 액정은, 강유전성 액정 분자들 및 제3 기저 액정 분자들을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 제3 기저 액정 분자들 각각은, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자 및 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자, 중성의 액정 분자들로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함할 수 있다. 일 측면에서, 상기 강유전성 액정은, 한 종류의 강유전성 액정 분자들과, 제3 기저 분자들을 포함할 수 있다. 다른 측면에서, 상기 강유전성 액정은, 서로 상이한 강유전성 액정 분자들과, 제3 기저 분자들을 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may include ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules and third base liquid crystal molecules. Each of the third base liquid crystal molecules may include at least one selected from the group consisting of liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, and neutral liquid crystal molecules. In one aspect, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may include one type of ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules and third base molecules. In another aspect, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may include ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules different from each other and third base molecules.
이하에서는, 강유전성 액정을 예들을 나열하여 설명하도록 한다. 하기의 물질들은 단독 또는 혼합하여 사용될 수 있다.Hereinafter, the ferroelectric liquid crystal will be described by listing examples. The following materials may be used alone or in combination.
상기 강유전성 액정은, 카이랄(chiral)할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 강유전성 액정은 불소계 카이랄 말단(fluorine chiral end) 강유전성 액정, 카이랄 아릴 에스테르계(chiral allyl ester) 강유전성 액정, 중심 코어 다환(center core polyring) 키랄 강유전성 액정, 또는 스메틱 카이랄(smetic chiral) 강유전성 액정 등을 포함할 수 있다. 또한, 강유전성 액정은 바나나형(banana shape) 강유전성 액정일 수도 있다. 상기 강유전성 액정은 불소계 카이랄 말단(fluorine chiral end) 강유전성 액정, 카이랄 아릴 에스테르계(chiral allyl ester) 강유전성 액정, 중심 코어 다환(center core polyring) 키랄 강유전성 액정, 스메틱 카이랄(smetic chiral) 강유전성 액정 및 바나나형(banana shape) 강유전성 액정을 단독 또는 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 상기 강유전성 액정은 제3 기저 액정 분자들을 더 포함할 수 있다.The ferroelectric liquid crystal may be chiral. For example, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may be a fluorine chiral end ferroelectric liquid crystal, a chiral allyl ester ferroelectric liquid crystal, a center core polyring chiral ferroelectric liquid crystal, or a smear chiral ( smetic chiral) ferroelectric liquid crystal and the like. In addition, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may be a banana shape ferroelectric liquid crystal. The ferroelectric liquid crystals include fluorine chiral end ferroelectric liquid crystals, chiral allyl ester ferroelectric liquid crystals, center core polyring chiral ferroelectric liquid crystals, and smetic chiral ferroelectric liquid crystals. Liquid crystals and banana shape ferroelectric liquid crystals may be used alone or in combination. In addition, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may further include third base liquid crystal molecules.
불소계 카이랄 말단 강유전성 액정은 하기 화학식 39로 표기될 수 있다.The fluorine-based chiral terminal ferroelectric liquid crystal may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 39.
화학식 39
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000039
 Formula 39
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000039
여기에서, X4, X5, X6 및 X7은 각각 독립적으로 CF3, CF2H, CFH2, 할로겐(halogen), 알킬(alkyl) 또는 알콕시(alkoxy)이고, C 및 D는 독립적으로 페닐(phenyl), 모노플루오르페닐(mono-fluorophenyl), 디플루오르페닐(di-fluorophenyl), 또는 싸이클로헥실(cyclo-hexyl)에서 선택되며, E들은 독립적으로 단일결합, COO, OOC, 및 C≡C에서 선택되며, E중에서 적어도 하나는 단일결합이고, q는 0 또는 1이고, R18은 하기 화학식 40의 말단 그룹이다. Wherein X 4 , X 5 , X 6 and X 7 are each independently CF 3 , CF 2 H , CFH 2 , halogen, alkyl or alkoxy, and C and D are independently Phenyl, mono-fluorophenyl, di-fluorophenyl, or cyclo-hexyl, E is independently a single bond, COO, OOC, and C≡C Is selected from at least one of E is a single bond, q is 0 or 1, and R 18 is a terminal group of the formula (40).
화학식 40
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000040
 Formula 40
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000040
화학식 40에서, Z는 O, (CH2)1O, 또는 (CH2)2O 이고, J 및 M은 독립적으로 수소, 탄소 원자 1 내지 15의 알킬(alkyl)에서 선택되며, W는 탄소 원자 1 내지 15개의 직선 또는 가지 달린 알킬 체인이고, J, M, W는 각각 다르며, R19는 탄소 원자 1 내지 15개를 포함하는 알케닐(alkenyl), 알케닐옥시(alkenyloxy), 알카이닐(alkynyl), 또는 알카인옥시(alkynoxy)에서 선택된다. In formula 40, Z is O, (CH 2 ) 1 O, or (CH 2 ) 2 O, J and M are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, W is a carbon atom 1 to 15 straight or branched alkyl chains, each of J, M and W different, and R 19 represents alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl containing from 1 to 15 carbon atoms ), Or alkynoxy.
카이랄 아릴 에스테르계 액정은 화학식 41로 표시될 수 있다. The chiral aryl ester liquid crystal may be represented by Chemical Formula 41.
화학식 41
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000041
 Formula 41
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000041
화학식 41에서, Ra와 Rb는 서로에 관계없이 탄소수 1 내지 20의 알킬(alkyl)이고, Q는 -C(=O)O- 또는 -OC(=O)-이고, Z은 불소(fluorine) 함유 알킬(alkyl) 또는 할로겐(halogen)으로 치환된 알킬 그룹을 나타내고, *는 광학 활성 카본을 나타낸다. 화학식 41에 대한 구체적인 예로는 하기 구조식의 4'-n-(옥틸옥시페닐4'-(1,1,1-트리플루오로-2-옥틸옥시카르보닐)비페닐-4-카르복실레이트(4'-n-(octyleoxyphenyl 4'-(1,1,1-trigluoro-2- octyloxycarbonyl)biphenyl-4-carboxylate)가 있다.In Formula 41, R a and R b are each independently alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Q is -C (= 0) O- or -OC (= 0), and Z is fluorine. ) Represents an alkyl group substituted with alkyl or halogen, and * represents an optically active carbon. Specific examples of formula 41 include 4'-n- (octyloxyphenyl4 '-(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-octyloxycarbonyl) biphenyl-4-carboxylate (4) '-n- (octyleoxyphenyl 4'-(1,1,1-trigluoro-2-octyloxycarbonyl) biphenyl-4-carboxylate).
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000024
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000024
중심 코어 다환(polyring) 키랄 강유전성 액정은 화학식 42 내지 44로 표시될 수 있다.The central core polyring chiral ferroelectric liquid crystal may be represented by Chemical Formulas 42 to 44.
화학식 42
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000042
 Formula 42
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000042
화학식 42는 S-4-(트랜스-4-헵틸사이클로헥실)-3'-클로로-4"-(1-메틸헵틸옥시)터페닐(S-4-(trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)-3'-chloro-4"-(1-methylheptyloxy)terphenyl)을 나타낸다. Formula 42 is formulated as S-4- (trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl) -3'-chloro-4 "-(1-methylheptyloxy) terphenyl (S-4- (trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl) -3'- chloro-4 "-(1-methylheptyloxy) terphenyl).
화학식 43
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000043
 Formula 43
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000043
화학식 43은 R-4-옥틸-3"-클로로-4'''-(1-메틸헥실옥시)쿼터페닐(R-4-octhyl-3"-chloro-4'''-(1-methylhexyloxy)quarterphenyl)을 나타낸다. Formula 43 represents R-4-octyl-3 "-chloro-4 '' '-(1-methylhexyloxy) quaterphenyl (R-4-octhyl-3" -chloro-4' ''-(1-methylhexyloxy ) quarterphenyl).
화학식 44
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000044
 Formula 44
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000044
화학식 44는 S-4-노닐-3'-플루오로-4'''-(2-클로로프로필옥시)쿼터페닐(S-4-nonyl-3'-fluoro-4'''-(2-chloropropyloxy)quarterphenyl)이다.Formula 44 is formulated as S-4-nonyl-3'-fluoro-4 '' '-(2-chloropropyloxy) quaterphenyl (S-4-nonyl-3'-fluoro-4' ''-(2-chloropropyloxy ) quarterphenyl).
화학식 45
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000045
 Formula 45
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000045
화학식 45는 부틸 S-2-(4-옥틸-2'-플루오로-3"-트리플루오로메틸-4'''-쿼터페닐옥시)-프로피오네이트(S-2-(4-octyl-2'-fluoro-3"-trifluoromethyl-4'''-quarterphenyloxy)-propionate)이다.Formula 45 is butyl S-2- (4-octyl-2'-fluoro-3 "-trifluoromethyl-4 '' '-quaterphenyloxy) -propionate (S-2- (4-octyl- 2'-fluoro-3 "-trifluoromethyl-4 '' '-quarterphenyloxy) -propionate).
강유전성 스메틱 액정은 하기 화학식 46 및 화학식 47중에서 적어도 하나로 표현될 수 있다. The ferroelectric smetic liquid crystal may be represented by at least one of Chemical Formulas 46 and 47.
화학식 46
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000046
 Formula 46
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000046
화학식 47
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000047
 Formula 47
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000047
화학식 46 및 47에서, R20 및 R21은 각각 다른 탄소수 1개 내지 9개의 직선형 알킬(alkyl)기이고, R22 및 R23은 각각 동일하거나 다른 탄소수 1 내지 18개의 직선형 알킬(alkyl)이고(R20 내지 R23에서, 수소는 CN, CF3, 또는 할로겐(halogen) 원자에 의해 치환될 수 있고, -CH2- 그룹은 -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- 또는 -S-에 의해 임의로 치환될 수 있음), X는 수소 또는 할로겐(halogen)을 나타낸다. 상기 화학식 47 및 48의 구체적인 예들이 다음에 도시된다.In formulas 46 and 47, R 20 and R 21 each represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, and R 22 and R 23 each represent the same or different linear alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms ( In R 20 to R 23 , hydrogen may be substituted by CN, CF 3 , or halogen atom, and —CH 2 — group is —CH═CH—, —O—, —CO—, —COO— , -OOC-, -O-OC-O- or -S-), and X represents hydrogen or halogen. Specific examples of Formulas 47 and 48 are shown below.
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000025
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000025
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000026
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000026
카이랄 스메틱 강유전성 액정은 상기 화학식 48로 표시될 수 있다. The chiral smear ferroelectric liquid crystal may be represented by Chemical Formula 48.
화학식 48
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000048
 Formula 48
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000048
화학식 48에서, R24는 키랄(chiral) 또는 비키랄(achiral)한 탄소수 1 내지 20의 알킬(alkyl) 또는 알케닐(alkenyl), R25는 키랄 또는 비키랄의 탄소수 1 내지 20의 알콕시(alkoxy), 알케닐옥시(alkenyloxy), 알킬카보닐옥시(alkylcarbonyloxy, 알킬-COO-) 또는 알케닐카보닐옥시(alkenylcarbonyloxy, 알케닐-COO-)이며(R24 및 R25에서, 수소는 CN, CF3, 또는 할로겐(halogen) 원자에 의해 치환될 수 있고, -CH2- 그룹은 -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- 또는 -S-에 의해 치환될 수 있음), Z1 은 단일 결합, -COO- 또는 -OOC-, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -OCH2- 또는 -CH2O-이고, L10 내지 L14는 수소(hydrogen), 할로겐(halogen), 시아노(cyano), 니트로(nitro), 탄소수 1 내지 20의 알킬(alkyl) 또는 알케닐(alkenyl)이고(-CH2- 그룹은 -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- 또는 -S-에 의해 치환될 수 있음), X9는 -CH- 또는 질소이다. 상기 화학식 48의 구체적인 예가 다음에 도시된다.In formula 48, R 24 is chiral or achiral alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 25 is chiral or achiral having 1 to 20 carbon atoms alkoxy ), Alkenyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy (alkyl-COO-) or alkenylcarbonyloxy (alkenyl-COO-) (in R 24 and R 25 , hydrogen is CN, CF 3 , or a halogen atom, and a -CH 2 -group is -CH = CH-, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- Or may be substituted with -S-), Z 1 is a single bond, -COO- or -OOC-, -CH 2 CH 2- , -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, -OCH 2 -or -CH 2 O-, L 10 to L 14 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkyl or alkenyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms (-CH 2 -group can be substituted by -CH = CH-, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OOC-, -O-OC-O- or -S-), X 9 Is -CH- or nitrogen. Specific examples of Formula 48 are shown below.
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000027
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000027
바나나 형 강유전성 액정은 하기 화학식 49으로 표시될 수 있다. The banana-type ferroelectric liquid crystal may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 49.
화학식 49
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000049
 Formula 49
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000049
화학식 49에서, A1는
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000028
또는
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000029
이고, B1는
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000030
또는
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000031
이며, R26 및 R27은 각각 독립적으로 수소 또는 할로겐(halogen)이며, R28 및 R29는 독립적으로 탄소 원자 8개 내지 16개의 알킬(alkyl) 또는 알콕시(alkoxy)이다. 상기 화학식 49의 구체적인 예들이 다음에 도시된다.In Formula 49, A 1 is
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000028
or
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000029
And B1 is
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000030
or
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000031
R 26 and R 27 are each independently hydrogen or halogen, and R 28 and R 29 are independently alkyl or alkoxy having 8 to 16 carbon atoms. Specific examples of Formula 49 are shown below.
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000032
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000032
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000033
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000033
상기 강유전성 액정은 강유전성 액정의 단일 물질 또는 강유전성 액정이 포함된 혼합물일 수 있다.The ferroelectric liquid crystal may be a single material of the ferroelectric liquid crystal or a mixture including the ferroelectric liquid crystal.
화학식 50
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000050
 Formula 50
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-C000050
화학식 50에서, X10은 수소(H)이고, R30은 수소 또는 탄소수 1 내지 15의 알킬(alkyl)이고, R31은 수소, 할로겐(halogen), 탄소수 1 내지 20의 알킬(alkyl) 그룹 또는 알케닐(alkenyl) 그룹(여기서, 각각의 경우, 하나 또는 2개의 -CH2- 그룹은 -O-, -C(=O)O- 또는 -Si(CH3)2-에 의해 대체될 수 있고, 알킬 또는 알케닐 그룹의 하나 이상의 수소는 불소(fluorin) 또는 CH3에 의해 대체될 수 있음)이고, R32, R33, R34, 및 R35는 각각 CH3이다.In formula 50, X 10 is hydrogen (H), R 30 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, R 31 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms or Alkenyl groups, where in each case one or two -CH 2 -groups may be replaced by -O-, -C (= 0) O- or -Si (CH 3 ) 2- At least one hydrogen of the alkyl, alkenyl group may be replaced by fluorin or CH 3 ), and R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , and R 35 are each CH 3 .
이와 같이, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 액정 조성물은 외부에서 전기장이 인가되면, 유도 쌍극자(induced dipole)가 전기장과 평행하고, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은 전기장에 수직한 방향으로 배열하게 될 수 있다. 액정 조성물의 강유전성 액정은, 분자간의 배열 특성 및 전기장에 따른 배열 특성이 크기 때문에, 액정 조성물의 배향을 균일하고 안정화시킬 수 있다.As such, when the liquid crystal composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied with an electric field from the outside, the induced dipole is parallel to the electric field, and the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the electric field. Can be. Since the ferroelectric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal composition has a large arrangement characteristic according to the intermolecular and electric fields, the alignment of the liquid crystal composition can be uniformly stabilized.
본 발명의 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은 리액티브 메조겐 물질을 더 포함할 수 있다. 상기 액정 조성물은, 약 0.01중량% 내지 약 3중량%의 리액티브 메조겐 물질과, 약 70중량% 내지 약 99.9중량%의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정과, 상기 액정 조성물은 약 0.1중량% 내지 약 30중량%의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물과, 여분의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition may further include a reactive mesogen material. The liquid crystal composition comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight reactive mesogen material, about 70% to about 99.9% by weight of negative dielectric anisotropy, and the liquid crystal composition is about 0.1% by weight A mixture of nematic liquid crystals and ferroelectric liquid crystals having a positive dielectric anisotropy of% to about 30% by weight, and nematic liquid crystals having extra negative dielectric anisotropy.
상기 리액티브 메조겐 물질은 중합성 메조겐성 화합물을 의미한다. "메조겐성 화합물" 또는 "메조겐성 물질"은 하나 이상의 막대 모양, 판 모양 또는 디스크 모양 메조겐성 기, 즉 액정 상 거동을 유도할 수 있는 능력을 가진 기를 포함하는 물질 또는 화합물을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 리액티브 메조겐 물질은 자외선 등의 광에 의하여 중합되며, 인접한 물질의 배향 상태에 따라 배향되는 물질일 수 있다. The reactive mesogenic material means a polymerizable mesogenic compound. A "mesogenic compound" or "mesogenic material" can include a substance or compound comprising one or more rod-shaped, plate- or disc-shaped mesogenic groups, ie groups having the ability to induce liquid crystalline phase behavior. The reactive mesogen material may be a material which is polymerized by light such as ultraviolet rays and is oriented according to the alignment state of adjacent materials.
상기 리액티브 메조겐 물질의 예로는 아래의 식으로 표현되는 화합물을 들 수 있다:Examples of the reactive mesogen material include compounds represented by the following formula:
P1-A1-(Z1-A2)n-P2,P1-A1- (Z1-A2) n-P2,
여기서, P1과 P2는 아크릴레이트(acrylate), 메타크릴레이트(methacrylate), 비닐(vinyl), 비닐옥시(vinyloxy) 및 에폭시(epoxy) 그룹 중 적어도 하나이고, A1과 A2는 1,4-페닐렌(phenylen)과 나프탈렌(naphthalene)-2,6-다일(diyl) 그룹 중에서 적어도 하나이며, Z1은 COO-, OCO- 및 단일 결합 중의 하나이고, n은 0, 1 및 2 중의 하나일 수 있다.Wherein P1 and P2 are at least one of acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy and epoxy groups, and A1 and A2 are 1,4-phenylene (phenylen) and naphthalene (naphthalene) -2,6-diyl group is at least one, Z1 is one of COO-, OCO- and a single bond, n may be one of 0, 1 and 2.
좀 더 구체적으로는 아래의 식 중 하나로 표현되는 화합물을 들 수 있다:More specifically, there may be mentioned a compound represented by one of the following formulas:
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000034
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000034
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000035
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000035
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000036
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-I000036
여기서, P1과 P2는 아크릴레이트(acrylate), 메타크릴레이트(methacrylate), 비닐(vinyl), 비닐옥시(vinyloxy) 및 에폭시(epoxy) 그룹 중에서 적어도 하나를 포함할 수 있다.Here, P1 and P2 may include at least one of acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy, and epoxy groups.
본 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물이 강유전성 액정을 포함함으로써, 네마틱 액정과 더불어 액정 조성물의 배향을 균일하게 하고 배향의 안정성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 또한, 액정 조성물이 리액티브 메조겐 물질을 포함함으로써, 액정 조성물의 배향 속도가 증가하게 되며, 배향되는 각도도 커져 광학적 특성이 향상될 수 있다.According to the present embodiment, the liquid crystal composition may include a ferroelectric liquid crystal, thereby making the alignment of the liquid crystal composition uniform with the nematic liquid crystal and improving stability of the alignment. In addition, since the liquid crystal composition includes a reactive mesogen material, the alignment speed of the liquid crystal composition may be increased, and the angle of the alignment may be increased, thereby improving optical characteristics.
(액정 조성물_제2 실시예)(Liquid Crystal Composition_Example 2)
본 발명의 실시예들에 따른 액정 조성물은, 비강유전성 액정(non-ferroelectric liquid crystal) 및 강유전성 액정(ferroelectric liquid crystal)을 포함할 수 있다.The liquid crystal composition according to the embodiments of the present invention may include a non-ferroelectric liquid crystal and a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 비강유전성 액정은, 음의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다. 이 경우, 상기 강유전성 액정은, 상기 액정 조성물 총량 중 약 0.1중량% 내지 약 30중량%을 차지할 수 있다. 상기 강유전성 액정이 상기 액정 조성물 총량의 약 0.1중량%이하일 경우, 상기 액정 조성물의 액정 배향성이 불안정할 수 있다. 또한, 상기 강유전성 액정이 상기 액정 조성물 총량의 약 30중량%를 초과하는 경우, 액정 조성물의 점도가 증가하여 상기 액정 조성물을 포함하는 표시 장치의 응답 속도가 느려질 수 있다. 바람직하게는, 상기 강유전성 액정은 상기 액정 조성물 총량의 약 10중량% 정도일 수 있다.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the non-ferroelectric liquid crystal may include a nematic liquid crystal having negative anisotropy. In this case, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may account for about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition. When the ferroelectric liquid crystal is about 0.1 wt% or less of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal alignment of the liquid crystal composition may be unstable. In addition, when the ferroelectric liquid crystal exceeds about 30% by weight of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition, the viscosity of the liquid crystal composition may increase, thereby slowing the response speed of the display device including the liquid crystal composition. Preferably, the ferroelectric liquid crystal may be about 10% by weight of the total amount of the liquid crystal composition.
일 측면에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은 리액티브 메조겐 물질을 더 포함할 수 있다. 이 경우, 상기 액정 조성물은 약 0.1중량% 내지 약 30중량%의 강유전성 액정과, 약 0.01중량% 내지 약 3중량%의 리액티브 메조겐 물질과, 여분의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다.According to one aspect, the liquid crystal composition may further comprise a reactive mesogen material. In this case, the liquid crystal composition comprises about 0.1 wt% to about 30 wt% ferroelectric liquid crystal, about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt% reactive mesogen material, and nematic liquid crystal having extra negative dielectric anisotropy. It may include.
본 실시예에서 설명되는 음의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정, 강유전성 액정 및 리액티브 메조겐 물질의 구성 요소, 구조 및 예시들은 상술한 것들과 실질적으로 동일하여 그 상세한 설명을 생략하기로 한다.The components, structures, and examples of the negatively anisotropic nematic liquid crystal, the ferroelectric liquid crystal, and the reactive mesogen material described in this embodiment are substantially the same as those described above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 비강유전성 액정은, 양의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 음의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다. 이 경우, 액정 조성물은, 약 70중량% 내지 약 99.9중량%의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 액정 조성물은 약 0.1중량% 내지 약 30중량%의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물을 더 포함할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the non-ferroelectric liquid crystal may include a nematic liquid crystal having positive anisotropy and a nematic liquid crystal having negative anisotropy. In this case, the liquid crystal composition may include a nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy of about 70% by weight to about 99.9% by weight. The liquid crystal composition may further include a mixture of nematic liquid crystal and ferroelectric liquid crystal having dielectric anisotropy in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight.
상기 양의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물은, 약 1중량% 내지 90중량%의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정과, 약 10중량% 내지 약 99중량%의 강유전성 액정을 포함할 수 있다.The mixture of the positively anisotropic nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal includes a nematic liquid crystal having an amount of dielectric anisotropy of about 1% by weight to 90% by weight, and about 10% by weight to about 99% by weight of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. can do.
일 측면에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은 리액티브 메조겐 물질을 더 포함할 수 있다. 이 경우, 상기 액정 조성물은, 약 0.1중량% 내지 약 30중량%의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물과, 약 0.01중량% 내지 3중량%의 리액티브 메조겐 물질과, 여분의 음의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함할 수 있다.According to one aspect, the liquid crystal composition may further comprise a reactive mesogen material. In this case, the liquid crystal composition comprises a mixture of nematic liquid crystal and ferroelectric liquid crystal having dielectric anisotropy in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about 30% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to 3% by weight of reactive mesogen material, Nematic liquid crystals with extra negative anisotropy.
본 실시예에서 설명되는 음의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정, 양의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정, 강유전성 액정 및 리액티브 메조겐 물질의 구성 요소, 구조 및 예시들은 상술한 것들과 실질적으로 동일하여 그 상세한 설명을 생략하기로 한다.The components, structures, and examples of the negatively anisotropic nematic liquid crystal, the positively anisotropic nematic liquid crystal, the ferroelectric liquid crystal, and the reactive mesogen material described in the present embodiment are substantially the same as those described above. The description will be omitted.
본 실시예에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물이 강유전성 액정을 포함함으로써, 비강유전성 액정과 더불어 액정 조성물의 배향을 균일하게 하고 배향의 안정성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 또한, 액정 조성물이 리액티브 메조겐 물질을 포함함으로써, 액정 조성물의 배향 속도가 증가하게 되며, 배향되는 각도도 커져 광학적 특성이 향상될 수 있다.According to the present embodiment, the liquid crystal composition may include a ferroelectric liquid crystal, thereby making the alignment of the liquid crystal composition uniform with the non-ferroelectric liquid crystal and improving the stability of the alignment. In addition, since the liquid crystal composition includes a reactive mesogen material, the alignment speed of the liquid crystal composition may be increased, and the angle of the alignment may be increased, thereby improving optical characteristics.
(액정 조성물의 제조 방법)(Method for Producing Liquid Crystal Composition)
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 액정 조성물은, 음의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정, 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정을 혼합하여 제조할 수 있다. 상기 액정 조성물은, 약 70중량% 내지 약 99.9중량%의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정과, 약 0.1중량% 내지 약 30중량%의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물을 혼합하여 제조할 수 있다. 여기에서, 상기 양의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물은, 약 1중량% 내지 90중량%의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정과, 약 10중량% 내지 약 99중량%의 강유전성 액정을 혼합하여 제조될 수 있다.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition may be prepared by mixing a nematic liquid crystal having negative anisotropy, a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal composition is a mixture of a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy of about 70% by weight to about 99.9% by weight, and a nematic liquid crystal and a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy of about 0.1% by weight to about 30% by weight. It can be prepared by mixing. Here, the mixture of the nematic liquid crystal having a positive anisotropy and the ferroelectric liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal having a dielectric anisotropy in an amount of about 1% by weight to 90% by weight, and about 10% by weight to about 99% by weight of the ferroelectric It can be prepared by mixing the liquid crystal.
일 측면에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은 리액티브 메조겐 물질을 더 포함할 수 있다. 이 경우, 상기 액정 조성물은 약 0.01중량% 내지 3중량%의 리액티브 메조겐 물질과, 약 0.1중량% 내지 약 30중량%의 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물과, 여분의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 혼합하여 제조할 수 있다.According to one aspect, the liquid crystal composition may further comprise a reactive mesogen material. In this case, the liquid crystal composition comprises a mixture of about 0.01% to 3% by weight reactive mesogen material, a mixture of nematic liquid crystals and ferroelectric liquid crystals having dielectric anisotropy in an amount of about 0.1% to about 30% by weight, It can be prepared by mixing a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy of.
본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따르면, 액정 조성물은 음의 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정을 혼합하여 제조할 수 있다. 더욱 상세하게는, 약 70중량% 내지 약 99.9중량%의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정과, 약 0.1중량% 내지 약 30중량%의 강유전성 액정을 혼합하여 제조할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition may be prepared by mixing a nematic liquid crystal having a negative anisotropy and a ferroelectric liquid crystal. More specifically, it may be prepared by mixing a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy of about 70% by weight to about 99.9% by weight with a ferroelectric liquid crystal of about 0.1% by weight to about 30% by weight.
일 측면에 따르면, 상기 액정 조성물은 리액티브 메조겐 물질을 더 포함할 수 있다. 이 경우, 상기 액정 조성물은, 약 0.01중량% 내지 약 3중량%의 리액티브 메조겐 물질과, 상기 0.1중량% 내지 약 30중량%의 강유전성 액정과, 여분의 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 혼합하여 제조할 수 있다.According to one aspect, the liquid crystal composition may further comprise a reactive mesogen material. In this case, the liquid crystal composition comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt% reactive mesogen material, the 0.1 wt% to about 30 wt% ferroelectric liquid crystal, and a nematic liquid crystal having extra negative dielectric anisotropy. It can be prepared by mixing.
상기 혼합 공정 시, 공정 온도는 상기 액정 조성물 중 가장 많은 양의 물질이 등방성(isotropic) 특성을 나타내는 온도일 수 있다. 본 발명의 실시예들에 따르면, 상기 혼합 공정 온도는 약 90° 내지 약 100° 온도 범위에서 수행될 수 있다. 상기 온도 범위는, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정이 등방성 특성을 나타낼 때의 온도 범위일 수 있다. 본 실시예에서, 액정 조성물의 혼합 시, 약 90°내지 약 100°온도 범위 내에서 수행하고 있으나, 본 발명이 액정 조성물의 혼합 온도를 한정하는 것은 아니다.In the mixing process, the process temperature may be a temperature at which the largest amount of the material in the liquid crystal composition exhibits isotropic properties. According to embodiments of the present invention, the mixing process temperature may be performed in a temperature range of about 90 ° to about 100 °. The temperature range may be a temperature range when the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy exhibits isotropic characteristics. In the present embodiment, the mixing of the liquid crystal composition is performed within a temperature range of about 90 ° to about 100 °, but the present invention does not limit the mixing temperature of the liquid crystal composition.
이하에서, 상기 제조된 액정 조성물의 전기적 특성을 알아보기로 한다.Hereinafter, the electrical properties of the prepared liquid crystal composition will be described.
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 액정 조성물의 전기적 특성을 나타내는 그래프이다. 도 1의 x축은 시간을 나타내며 그 단위는 초이고, y축은 인가되는 전압을 나타내며 그 단위는 볼트[V]이다.1 is a graph showing the electrical properties of the liquid crystal composition according to an embodiment of the present invention. The x-axis of FIG. 1 represents time, the unit is seconds, the y-axis represents the applied voltage, and the unit is volts [V].
상술한 제조 방법으로 제조된 액정 조성물로 전압을 인가하면, 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이 네마틱 액정만 포함하는 액정 조성물에서는 볼 수 없는 피크(peak)를 나타낸다. 이 피크는 강유전성 액정에 의한 것이다. 따라서, 액정 조성물에서 네마틱 액정과 강유전성 액정이 화합물의 형태가 아니라 혼합물의 형태로, 네마틱 액정은 그 고유의 특성을 나타내며 강유전성 액정은 그 고유의 특성을 발현할 수 있다. 따라서, 네마틱 액정과 강유전성 액정은 서로의 움직임을 보강 및/또는 간섭할 수 있다.When voltage is applied to the liquid crystal composition prepared by the above-described manufacturing method, as shown in FIG. 1, a peak that is not seen in the liquid crystal composition including only the nematic liquid crystal is shown. This peak is due to the ferroelectric liquid crystal. Therefore, in the liquid crystal composition, the nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal are not in the form of a compound but in the form of a mixture, so that the nematic liquid crystal exhibits its own characteristics and the ferroelectric liquid crystal can express its own characteristics. Thus, the nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal may enhance and / or interfere with each other.
(액정 표시 장치)(Liquid crystal display device)
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 액정 표시 장치를 설명하기 위한 단면도이다.2 is a cross-sectional view for describing a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
도 2를 참조하면, 액정 표시 장치는, 제1 표시판(100)과, 상기 제1 표시판(100)과 이격되어 마주하는 제2 표시판(200)과, 상기 제1 및 제2 표시판들(100, 200) 사이에 배치된 액정층(300)을 포함할 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 2, the liquid crystal display includes a first display panel 100, a second display panel 200 spaced apart from and facing the first display panel 100, and the first and second display panels 100. It may include a liquid crystal layer 300 disposed between the 200.
상기 제1 표시판(100)은 제1 기판(110), 제1 전극(120) 및 제1 배향막(170)을 포함하며, 상기 제1 기판(110), 제1 전극(120) 및 제1 배향막(170)이 순차적으로 적층될 수 있다.The first display panel 100 includes a first substrate 110, a first electrode 120, and a first alignment layer 170, and the first substrate 110, the first electrode 120, and the first alignment layer. 170 may be sequentially stacked.
상기 제1 전극(120)은 투명한 전도성 물질, 예를 들면 인듐 틴 옥사이드(Indium Tin Oxide, ITO), 또는 인듐 징크 옥사이드(Indium Zinc Oxide, IZO)를 포함할 수 있다. 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 제1 전극(120)은 그 일부가 패터닝되어 형성된 제1 슬릿을 포함할 수 있다.The first electrode 120 may include a transparent conductive material, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), or indium zinc oxide (IZO). According to an embodiment, the first electrode 120 may include a first slit formed by patterning a part of the first electrode 120.
상기 제1 배향막(170)은 배향기저 물질 및 리액티브 메조겐 물질을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 제1 배향막의 배향기저 물질은 폴리이미드(polyimide), PVA(polyvinyl alcohol), 폴리스틸렌(polystylene), 나일론(nylon)으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함할 수 있다. 또한, 상기 리액티브 메조겐 물질의 예시들은 상기에서 설명된 것과 실질적으로 동일하여 그 상세한 설명을 생략하기로 한다. 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 제1 배향막(170)은 생략될 수 있다.The first alignment layer 170 may include an alignment base material and a reactive mesogen material. The alignment base material of the first alignment layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polystyrene, and nylon. In addition, examples of the reactive mesogen material are substantially the same as those described above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. In another embodiment, the first alignment layer 170 may be omitted.
상기 제2 표시판(200)은 제2 기판(210), 제2 전극(220) 및 제2 배향막(270)을 포함하며, 상기 제2 기판(210), 제2 전극(220) 및 제2 배향막(270)이 순차적으로 적층될 수 있다. 상기 제1 및 제2 표시판들(100, 200)은 상기 제1 및 제2 배향막들(170, 270)이 서로 마주보도록 이격되어 배치될 수 있다.The second display panel 200 includes a second substrate 210, a second electrode 220, and a second alignment layer 270, and the second substrate 210, the second electrode 220, and the second alignment layer. 270 may be stacked sequentially. The first and second display panels 100 and 200 may be spaced apart from each other so that the first and second alignment layers 170 and 270 face each other.
상기 제2 전극(220)은 상기 제1 전극(220)과 동일하거나 유사한 물질을 포함하고, 상기 제1 전극(120)과 다른 전압이 인가될 수 있다. 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 제2 전극(220)은 그 일부가 패터닝되어 형성된 제2 슬릿을 포함할 수 있다.The second electrode 220 may include a material that is the same as or similar to that of the first electrode 220, and a voltage different from that of the first electrode 120 may be applied. According to an embodiment, the second electrode 220 may include a second slit formed by patterning a part of the second electrode 220.
상기 제2 배향막(270)은 배향기저 물질 및 리액티브 메조겐 물질을 포함할 수 있다. 상기 제2 배향막(270)의 배향기저 물질은 상기 제1 배향막의 배향기저 물질과 유사하거나 실질적으로 동일할 수 있다. 상기 리액티브 메조겐 물질의 예시들은 상기에서 설명된 것과 실질적으로 동일하여 그 상세한 설명을 생략하기로 한다. 다른 실시예에 따르면, 상기 제2 배향막(270)은 생략될 수 있다.The second alignment layer 270 may include an alignment base material and a reactive mesogen material. The alignment base material of the second alignment layer 270 may be similar to or substantially the same as the alignment base material of the first alignment layer. Examples of the reactive mesogen material are substantially the same as those described above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. In another embodiment, the second alignment layer 270 may be omitted.
상기 액정층(300)은 상기 제1 및 제2 표시판들(100, 200) 사이에 배치될 수 있다. 상기 액정층(300)은 전술한 액정 조성물을 포함하여, 그 상세한 설명은 상술을 참조하기로 한다.The liquid crystal layer 300 may be disposed between the first and second display panels 100 and 200. The liquid crystal layer 300 includes the liquid crystal composition described above, and a detailed description thereof will be referred to the above.
본 실시예에서는, 상기 제1 및 제2 전극들(120, 220)이 상기 제1 및 제2 표시판들(100, 200) 각각에 배치되어 있는 것으로 설명하고 있으나, 상기 제1 및 제2 전극들(120, 220)은 상기 제1 또는 제2 표시판들(100, 200) 중 어느 하나 상에 배치될 수 있다. 또한, 상기 제1 및 제2 전극들(120, 220)은 동일한 층상에 배치되거나, 상기 제1 및 제2 전극들(120, 220)은 절연층을 사이에 두고 다른 층 상에 배치될 수 있다. 또한, 상기 제1 및 제2 슬릿들은 상기 제1 또는 제2 전극들(120, 220) 중 하나에 형성될 수 있다.In the present exemplary embodiment, the first and second electrodes 120 and 220 are described as being disposed on the first and second display panels 100 and 200, respectively. The 120 and 220 may be disposed on any one of the first or second display panels 100 and 200. In addition, the first and second electrodes 120 and 220 may be disposed on the same layer, or the first and second electrodes 120 and 220 may be disposed on another layer with an insulating layer interposed therebetween. . In addition, the first and second slits may be formed in one of the first or second electrodes 120 and 220.
도 3은 본 발명의 실시예들에 따른 전극들의 슬릿 형상을 설명하기 위한 평면도들이다.3 is a plan view illustrating slit shapes of electrodes according to embodiments of the present invention.
도 3을 참조하면, 제1 및 제2 전극들(120, 220) 중 적어도 하나의 전극은 세브런(Chevron) 패턴을 가질 수 있다. 세브런 패턴은 제1 방향으로 연장된 제1 직선 및 상기 일 방향과 교차하는 타방향으로 연장된 제2 직선 형태를 포함하는 V자 형태일 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 3, at least one of the first and second electrodes 120 and 220 may have a Chevron pattern. The seventh pattern may have a V shape including a first straight line extending in a first direction and a second straight line extending in another direction crossing the one direction.
본 실시예에서는 세브런 패턴을 갖는 제1 및 제2 슬릿들을 예시적으로 설명하고 있으나, 본 발명에서 상기 제1 및 제2 슬릿들의 구조를 한정하는 것은 아니다.In the present embodiment, the first and second slits having the seven pattern are exemplarily described, but the structure of the first and second slits is not limited in the present invention.
이하, 실시예 및 비교예를 통하여 본 발명을 더욱 상세하게 설명한다. 그러나 하기 실시예는 본 발명을 예시하기 위한 것으로서 본 발명은 하기 실시예에 의하여 한정되지 않고 다양하게 수정 및 변경될 수 있다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples and may be variously modified and changed.
액정 표시 장치Liquid crystal display
<실시예 1><Example 1>
제1 기판 및 세브론 패턴의 제1 슬릿을 갖는 제1 전극을 포함하는 제1 표시판과, 제2 기판 및 세브론 패턴의 제2 슬릿을 갖는 제2 전극을 포함하는 제2 표시판과, 상기 제1 및 제2 표시판들 사이를 충진하는 액정층을 포함하는 액정 표시 장치를 제조하였다. 상기 액정 표시 장치는 PVA(patterned vertical alignment) 모드로 제작되었다.A first display panel comprising a first electrode having a first substrate and a first electrode having a first slit of a Sevron pattern, a second display panel comprising a second electrode having a second substrate and a second slit of a Sevron pattern, and the second display panel; A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer filling the first and second display panels is manufactured. The liquid crystal display is manufactured in a patterned vertical alignment (PVA) mode.
액정층은 Merck사의 MLC 6608(△n=0.084, ε=-4.3) 90중량%와, Kingston Chemical사의 KFLC 3(△n=0.18) 10중량%를 100℃에서 혼합한 액정 조성물로 제조되었다. 상기 액정 표시 장치의 액정층의 두께는 3.8㎛로 제작하였다.The liquid crystal layer was made of a liquid crystal composition obtained by mixing 90% by weight of Merck's MLC 6608 (Δn = 0.084, ε = -4.3) and 10% by weight of Kingston Chemical's KFLC 3 (Δn = 0.18) at 100 ° C. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the said liquid crystal display device was produced at 3.8 micrometers.
<실시예 2 내지 4><Examples 2 to 4>
실시예 2 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들은, 실시예 1과 액정층 두께를 제외하고는 동일하게 제작되었다. 실시예 2 내지 4의 액정층의 두께는 하기 표 1을 참조한다.The liquid crystal display devices of Examples 2 to 4 were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. The thicknesses of the liquid crystal layers of Examples 2 to 4 refer to Table 1 below.
<실시예 5>Example 5
제1 기판 및 세브론 패턴의 제1 슬릿을 갖는 제1 전극을 포함하는 제1 표시판과, 제2 기판 및 세브론 패턴의 제2 슬릿을 갖는 제2 전극을 포함하는 제2 표시판과, 상기 제1 및 제2 표시판들 사이를 충진하는 액정층을 포함하는 액정 표시 장치를 제조하였다. 상기 액정 표시 장치는 PVA 모드로 제작되었다.A first display panel comprising a first electrode having a first substrate and a first electrode having a first slit of a Sevron pattern, a second display panel comprising a second electrode having a second substrate and a second slit of a Sevron pattern, and the second display panel; A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer filling the first and second display panels is manufactured. The liquid crystal display device was manufactured in PVA mode.
액정층은 Merck사의 MLC 6608(△n=0.084, ε=-4.3) 99중량%와, Kingston Chemical사의 KFLC 3(△n=0.18) 1중량%를 100℃에서 혼합한 액정 조성물로 제조되었다. 상기 액정 표시 장치의 액정층의 두께는 4.3㎛로 제작하였다.The liquid crystal layer was made of a liquid crystal composition obtained by mixing 99 wt% of MLC 6608 (Δn = 0.084, ε = -4.3) of Merck and 1 wt% of KFLC 3 (Δn = 0.18) of Kingston Chemical at 100 ° C. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the said liquid crystal display device was produced in 4.3 micrometers.
<실시예 6 내지 8><Examples 6 to 8>
실시예 6 내지 8의 액정 표시 장치들은, 실시예 5와 액정층 내 MLC 6608와, KFLC 3 사이 혼합 비율을 제외하고는 동일하게 제작되었다. 액정층 내 MLC 6608와, KFLC 3 사이 혼합 비율은 하기 표 1을 참조한다.The liquid crystal display devices of Examples 6 to 8 were manufactured in the same manner except for the mixing ratio between Example 5, MLC 6608 and KFLC 3 in the liquid crystal layer. See Table 1 below for a mixing ratio between MLC 6608 and KFLC 3 in the liquid crystal layer.
<실시예 9>Example 9
제1 기판 및 세브론 패턴의 제1 슬릿을 갖는 제1 전극을 포함하는 제1 표시판과, 제2 기판 및 세브론 패턴의 제2 슬릿을 갖는 제2 전극을 포함하는 제2 표시판과, 상기 제1 및 제2 표시판들 사이를 충진하는 액정층을 포함하는 액정 표시 장치를 제조하였다. 상기 액정 표시 장치는 PVA 모드로 제작되었다.A first display panel comprising a first electrode having a first substrate and a first electrode having a first slit of a Sevron pattern, a second display panel comprising a second electrode having a second substrate and a second slit of a Sevron pattern, and the second display panel; A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer filling the first and second display panels is manufactured. The liquid crystal display device was manufactured in PVA mode.
액정층은 Merck사의 MLC 6608(△n=0.084, ε=-4.3) 90중량%와, Chisso 사의 ZKC-5085(△n=0.16,ε=12) 5중량%와, Kingston Chemical사의 KFLC 3(△n=0.18) 5중량%를 100℃에서 혼합한 액정 조성물로 제조되었다. 상기 액정 표시 장치의 액정층의 두께는 4.3㎛로 제작하였다.The liquid crystal layer is 90% by weight of Merck's MLC 6608 (Δn = 0.084, ε = -4.3), 5% by weight of Chisso's ZKC-5085 (Δn = 0.16, ε = 12), and Kingston Chemical's KFLC 3 (Δ). n = 0.18) 5% by weight of the liquid crystal composition was prepared. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the said liquid crystal display device was produced in 4.3 micrometers.
<비교예 1>Comparative Example 1
제1 기판 및 세브론 패턴의 제1 슬릿을 갖는 제1 전극을 포함하는 제1 표시판과, 제2 기판 및 세브론 패턴의 제2 슬릿을 갖는 제2 전극을 포함하는 제2 표시판과, 상기 제1 및 제2 표시판들 사이를 충진하는 액정층을 포함하는 액정 표시 장치를 제조하였다. 상기 액정 표시 장치는 PVA 모드로 제작되었다.A first display panel comprising a first electrode having a first substrate and a first electrode having a first slit of a Sevron pattern, a second display panel comprising a second electrode having a second substrate and a second slit of a Sevron pattern, and the second display panel; A liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer filling the first and second display panels is manufactured. The liquid crystal display device was manufactured in PVA mode.
액정층은 Merck사의 MLC 6608(△n=0.084, ε=-4.3) 100중량%를 사용하였다. 또한, 액정층의 두께는 4.3㎛로 제작하였다.As the liquid crystal layer, 100% by weight of Merck's MLC 6608 (Δn = 0.084, ε = -4.3) was used. In addition, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer was produced at 4.3 micrometers.
<비교예 2 및 3><Comparative Examples 2 and 3>
비교예 2 및 3의 액정 표시 장치들은, 비교예 1과 액정층 두께를 제외하고는 동일하게 제작되었다. 비교예 2 및 3의 액정층의 두께는 하기 표 1을 참조한다.The liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 were manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except for the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. The thicknesses of the liquid crystal layers of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 refer to Table 1 below.
표 1
액정층 액정층 두께[㎛]
MLC 6608[wt%](음의 네마틱 액정) KFLC 3[wt%](강유전성 액정) ZKC-5085[wt%](양의 네마틱 액정)
실시예 1 90 10 0 3.8
실시예 2 90 10 0 4.0
실시예 3 90 10 0 4.3
실시예 4 90 10 0 4.5
비교예 1 100 0 0 4.3
비교예 2 100 0 0 4.5
비교예 3 100 0 0 4.8
실시예 5 99 1 0 4.3
실시예 6 95 5 0 4.3
실시예 7 80 20 0 4.3
실시예 8 70 30 0 4.3
실시예 9 90 5 5 4.3
Table 1
Liquid crystal layer Liquid crystal layer thickness [㎛]
MLC 6608 [wt%] (negative nematic liquid crystal) KFLC 3 [wt%] (ferroelectric liquid crystal) ZKC-5085 [wt%] (positive nematic liquid crystal)
Example 1 90 10 0 3.8
Example 2 90 10 0 4.0
Example 3 90 10 0 4.3
Example 4 90 10 0 4.5
Comparative Example 1 100 0 0 4.3
Comparative Example 2 100 0 0 4.5
Comparative Example 3 100 0 0 4.8
Example 5 99 One 0 4.3
Example 6 95 5 0 4.3
Example 7 80 20 0 4.3
Example 8 70 30 0 4.3
Example 9 90 5 5 4.3
투과도 평가Permeability Evaluation
도 4a 내지 도 4e는 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들과 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치들의 투과도를 비교하는 그래프들이다.4A to 4E are graphs comparing the transmittances of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
도 4a 내지 도 4c는 인가되는 전압에 따른 투과도를 나타내는 그래프들이다. 도 4a 내지 도 4c의 x축은 인가된 전압으로 단위는 [V]이고, y축은 투과도를 나타낸다.4A to 4C are graphs showing transmittance according to applied voltage. 4A to 4C, the x-axis is an applied voltage and a unit is [V], and the y-axis represents transmittance.
도 4a를 참조하면, 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들이 비교예 1 내지 3에 비하여 전반적으로 우수한 투과성을 나타낸다. 더욱 상세하게 설명하면, 도 4b는 도 4a에서 실시예 4 및 비교예 2의 투과도를 선택적으로 나타낸다. 도 4b를 참조하면, 동일한 액정층 두께 4.5㎛에서, 실시예 4의 투과도가 비교예 2의 투과도 보다 우수한 것이 관찰되었다. 도 4c는 도 4a에서 실시예 4 및 비교예 3의 투과도를 선택적으로 나타낸다. 도 4c를 참조하면, 실시예 1 내지 4중 가장 투과도가 우수한 실시예 4와, 비교예 1 내지 3중 가장 투과도가 우수한 비교예 3을 비교해 보면, 실시예 4의 투과도가 우수한 것이 관찰되었다.Referring to FIG. 4A, the liquid crystal display of Examples 1 to 4 exhibits excellent overall transmittance as compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 3. In more detail, FIG. 4B optionally shows the transmittance of Example 4 and Comparative Example 2 in FIG. 4A. 4B, it was observed that the transmittance of Example 4 was superior to that of Comparative Example 2 at the same liquid crystal layer thickness of 4.5 μm. 4C optionally shows the transmittance of Example 4 and Comparative Example 3 in FIG. 4A. Referring to FIG. 4C, when comparing Example 4 having the highest transmittance among Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 3 having the highest transmittance among Comparative Examples 1 to 3, it was observed that the transmittance of Example 4 was excellent.
도 4d 및 도 4e는 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들 및 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치들로 7V의 전압을 인가한 후, 액정층의 두께에 따른 투과도를 나타내는 그래프들이다. 더욱 상세하게, 도 4d는 액정층의 두께에 따른 투과도를 나타내는 그래프이고, 도 4e는 액정층의 두께(d)와 액정층의 굴절률(△n)의 곱(△n·d)에 따른 투과도를 나타내는 그래프이다. 도 4d 및 도 4e의 x축은 길이로 단위는 [㎛]이고, y축은 투과도를 나타낸다.4D and 4E are graphs illustrating transmittance according to the thickness of a liquid crystal layer after applying a voltage of 7 V to the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. More specifically, FIG. 4D is a graph showing the transmittance according to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and FIG. 4E is a transmittance according to the product (Δn · d) of the thickness (d) of the liquid crystal layer and the refractive index (Δn) of the liquid crystal layer. It is a graph showing. The x-axis of Figures 4d and 4e is the length unit is [μm], the y-axis represents the transmittance.
도 4d를 참조하면, 동일한 액정층 두께에서, 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들의 투과도가 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치들의 투과도 보다 약 17% 내지 약 30% 정도 우수한 것을 알 수 있다. 도 4e를 참조하면, △n·d에 따른 투과도를 살펴볼 때, 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들의 투과도가 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치들의 투과도 보다 약 9% 내지 약 17% 정도 우수한 것을 알 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 4D, it can be seen that, at the same thickness of the liquid crystal layer, the transmittance of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 is about 17% to about 30% superior to that of the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Referring to FIG. 4E, when considering the transmittance according to Δn · d, the transmittance of the liquid crystal displays of Examples 1 to 4 is about 9% to about 17% superior to the transmittance of the liquid crystal displays of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. It can be seen that.
상기의 평가로, 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정층 내 강유전성 액정이, 액정 분자들을 균일하고 안정하게 배향할 수 있도록 유도하므로, 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치의 투과도가 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치의 투과도 보다 우수하다.In the above evaluation, since the ferroelectric liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layers of Examples 1 to 4 induce the liquid crystal molecules to be uniformly and stably aligned, the transmittances of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 are compared to those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The transmittance of the liquid crystal display device is better.
응답 속도 평가Response speed rating
도 5a 내지 도 5d는 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들과 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치들의 응답 속도를 비교하는 그래프이다.5A to 5D are graphs comparing the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
도 5a 및 도 5b는 인가되는 전압에 따른 응답속도를 나타내는 그래프들이다. 도 5a 및 도 5b의 x축은 인가된 전압으로 단위는 [V]이고, y축은 응답속도를 나타낸다.5A and 5B are graphs illustrating a response speed according to an applied voltage. 5A and 5B, the x-axis is an applied voltage and a unit is [V], and the y-axis represents a response speed.
도 5a를 참조하면, 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들의 응답속도가 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치들의 응답속도에 비하여, 많이 느리지 않다는 것을 알 수 있다. 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정층에는 강유전성 액정을 포함하고 있기 때문에, 액정층의 점도가 높아져 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치들의 응답속도보다 약간 느리나 비슷한 것으로 보인다. Referring to FIG. 5A, it can be seen that the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 are not much slower than those of the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Since the liquid crystal layers of Examples 1 to 4 contain ferroelectric liquid crystals, the viscosity of the liquid crystal layers is increased, which is slightly slower than the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, but seems to be similar.
도 5b는, 실시예 1 내지 4중 최대 투과도를 보이는 실시예 3과, 비교예 1 내지 3중 최대 투과도를 보이는 비교예 3의 전압에 따른 응답 속도를 확인하기 위하여 선택적으로 도시한다. 도 5b를 참조하면, 투과도가 우수한 실시예 3 및 비교예 3의 응답 속도를 비교할 때, 실시예 3의 응답 속도가 비교예 3의 응답 속도보다 빠른 것을 볼 수 있다.5B is selectively shown to confirm the response speed according to the voltage of Example 3 showing the maximum transmittance in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 3 showing the maximum transmittance in Comparative Examples 1 to 3. FIG. Referring to FIG. 5B, when comparing the response speeds of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 having excellent transmittance, it can be seen that the response speed of Example 3 is faster than that of Comparative Example 3. FIG.
도 5c 및 도 5d는 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들 및 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치들로 7V의 전압을 인가한 후, 액정층의 두께에 따른 응답 속도를 나타내는 그래프들이다. 더욱 상세하게, 도 5c는 액정층의 두께에 따른 응답 속도를 나타내는 그래프이고, 도 5d는 액정층의 두께(d)와 액정층의 굴절률(△n)의 곱(△n·d)에 따른 응답 속도를 나타내는 그래프이다. 도 5c 및 5d의 x축은 길이로 단위는 [㎛]이고, y축은 응답 속도로 단위는 [ms]이다.5C and 5D are graphs illustrating a response speed according to a thickness of a liquid crystal layer after applying a voltage of 7 V to the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 and the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. More specifically, FIG. 5C is a graph showing a response speed according to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and FIG. 5D is a response according to the product (Δn · d) of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer and the refractive index Δn of the liquid crystal layer. Graph showing speed. The x-axis in Figs. 5c and 5d is the length in [m] and the y-axis is the response speed in [ms].
도 5c를 참조하면, 약 3.8㎛의 액정층 두께를 갖는 실시예 1의 응답속도가 약 18ms이며, 비교예들 중에서 약 18ms의 응답속도를 내려면 적어도 4.3㎛의 액정층 두께를 가져야 하는 것을 알 수 있다. 도 5d를 참조하면, △n·d에 따른 응답 속도를 살펴볼 때, 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치들의 응답속도가 비교예 1 내지 3의 액정 표시 장치들의 응답속도보다 약 22% 내지 약 24% 정도 빨라진 것을 볼 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 5C, the response speed of Example 1 having a liquid crystal layer thickness of about 3.8 μm is about 18 ms. Can be. Referring to FIG. 5D, when considering the response speed according to Δn · d, the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 1 to 4 are about 22% to about 24 times the response speeds of the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. You can see it's about% faster.
액정층의 두께와 액정층의 굴절률의 곱에 따른 응답 속도 결과에서 보는 것과 같이, 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치가 점도가 상대적으로 큰 강유전성 액정을 포함함에도 불구하고, 적절한 두께 및 굴절률의 액정층을 포함함으로써 비교예 1 내지 3보다 빠른 응답 속도를 낼 수 있다. 따라서, 실시예 1 내지 4의 액정 표시 장치는 빠른 응답 속도를 가질 뿐만 아니라 강유전성 액정으로 액정 분자들이 안정하고 균일한 배향을 이룰 수 있다.As can be seen from the response speed results according to the product of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer, although the liquid crystal display device of Examples 1 to 4 includes a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a relatively high viscosity, a liquid crystal having an appropriate thickness and refractive index By including the layer, a response speed faster than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 can be achieved. Therefore, the liquid crystal display of Embodiments 1 to 4 may not only have a fast response speed but also have stable and uniform alignment of liquid crystal molecules with ferroelectric liquid crystals.
강유전성 액정 양에 따른 투과도 및 응답 속도 평가Evaluation of Transmittance and Response Rate According to Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Amount
도 6a는 실시예 5 내지 8의 액정 표시 장치들의 투과도를 나타내는 그래프이며, 도 6b는 실시예 5 내지 8의 액정 표시 장치들의 응답 속도를 나타내는 그래프이다.FIG. 6A is a graph illustrating transmittances of the liquid crystal displays of Examples 5 to 8, and FIG. 6B is a graph illustrating response speeds of the liquid crystal displays of Examples 5 to 8. FIG.
도 6a를 참조하면, 액정층 내 강유전성 액정의 양을 증가시킬수록 투과도가 향상되는 것을 알았다. 그러나, 도 6b를 참조하면, 액정층 내 강유전성 액정의 양이 증가할수록 응답속도가 약 2배 정도 느려진다. 따라서, 본 실시예들에서 액정 조성물 내 강유전성 액정이 전체 조성물 총량의 30중량%을 초과하지 않는 것이 바람직하다.Referring to FIG. 6A, as the amount of ferroelectric liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer is increased, the transmittance is improved. However, referring to FIG. 6B, as the amount of the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer increases, the response speed is about 2 times slower. Therefore, in the present embodiments, it is preferable that the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the liquid crystal composition does not exceed 30% by weight of the total amount of the composition.
텍스쳐(texture) 평가Texture Evaluation
도 7a 내지 도 7c 및 도 8a 내지 도 8c는 비교예 1, 실시예 3 및 실시예 9의 액정7A to 7C and 8A to 8C are liquid crystals of Comparative Example 1, Example 3, and Example 9;
표시 장치들의 텍스쳐들이다. The textures of the display devices.
비교예 1, 실시예 3 및 실시예 9는 액정층의 조성비를 제외하고는 실질적으로 동일한 액정 표시 장치들이다. 설명의 용이함을 위하여, 표 2에 그들의 조성비를 다시 기재한다.Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 9 are substantially the same liquid crystal display devices except for the composition ratio of the liquid crystal layer. For ease of explanation, Table 2 shows their composition ratios again.
표 2
액정층 액정층 두께[㎛]
MLC 6608[wt%](음의 네마틱 액정) KFLC 3[wt%](강유전성 액정) ZKC-5085[wt%](양의 네마틱 액정)
비교예 1 100 0 0 4.3
실시예 3 90 10 0 4.3
실시예 9 90 5 5 4.3
TABLE 2
Liquid crystal layer Liquid crystal layer thickness [㎛]
MLC 6608 [wt%] (negative nematic liquid crystal) KFLC 3 [wt%] (ferroelectric liquid crystal) ZKC-5085 [wt%] (positive nematic liquid crystal)
Comparative Example 1 100 0 0 4.3
Example 3 90 10 0 4.3
Example 9 90 5 5 4.3
비교예 1, 실시예 3 및 실시예 9의 액정 표시 장치들로 7V의 전압을 인가한 후, 교차 편광판을 회전시켜 화이트 이미지들(white images) 및 블랙 이미지들(black images)을 획득하였다.After applying a voltage of 7 V to the liquid crystal display devices of Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 9, the white polarizer was rotated to obtain white images and black images.
도 7a 내지 도 7c의 텍스쳐들은, 교차 편광판 하에서 화이트 이미지들이다. 더욱 상세하게 설명하면, 화이트 이미지들은 교차 편광판과 액정층의 액정 분자들 사이의 각도가 45°인 경우로, 광이 액정층을 통과되어 환한 이미지들을 보여준다. 이는 하기의 식 1에서 확인할 수 있다.The textures of FIGS. 7A-7C are white images under a cross polarizer. In more detail, the white images show a case where the angle between the cross polarizer and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is 45 °, and the light is passed through the liquid crystal layer and is illuminated. This can be confirmed by Equation 1 below.
수학식 1
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-M000001
 Equation 1
Figure PCTKR2013005573-appb-M000001
상기 식 1에서 T는 투과도, Φ은 편광판과 액정 분자가 이루는 각도, △n은 복굴절 값, d는 액정층의 두께이고, λ는 조사되는 광의 파장이다. 상기 식 1에서 Φ값이 45°일 경우, sin2의 값이 최고 값을 가져 투과도가 가장 높다.In Equation 1, T is the transmittance, Φ is the angle between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal molecules, Δn is the birefringence value, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, λ is the wavelength of the irradiated light. In the above Equation 1, when the value of Φ is 45 °, the value of sin 2 has the highest value and the highest transmittance.
도 7a 내지 7c는 각각 비교예 1, 실시예 3 및 실시예 9의 텍스쳐들이다. 도 7a를 참조하면, 슬릿의 가장자리 부위들이나 슬릿의 경계에서 까맣게 보이는 불량이 보여지고 있다. 도 7b를 참조하면, 슬릿의 가장자리 부위에서 도 7a에 비하여 그 불량이 많이 사라진 것을 볼 수 있다. 도 7c를 참조하면, 슬릿의 가장자리 부위들뿐만 아니라 슬릿의 경계에서의 불량도 제거된 것을 볼 수 있다.7A to 7C are textures of Comparative Example 1, Example 3, and Example 9, respectively. Referring to FIG. 7A, a defect that looks black at the edge portions of the slit or the boundary of the slit is shown. Referring to FIG. 7B, it can be seen that the defect disappeared much compared to FIG. 7A at the edge of the slit. Referring to FIG. 7C, it can be seen that defects at the boundary of the slit as well as the edge portions of the slit are removed.
도 8a 내지 도 8c의 텍스쳐들은, 교차 편광판 하에서 블랙 이미지들이다. 더욱 상세하게 설명하면, 블랙 이미지들은 교차 편광판과 액정층의 액정 분자들 사이의 각도가 0°인 경우로, 회전된 상부의 편광판이 액정층을 통과한 편광된 광과 수직인 편광을 가져 어두운 이미지들을 보여준다. 상기 식 1에서 Φ값이 0°일 경우, sin2의 값이 0의 값을 가져 투과도가 0이 된다.The textures of FIGS. 8A-8C are black images under a cross polarizer. In more detail, the black images are a case where the angle between the cross-polarizing plate and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is 0 °. Show them. In the above formula 1, when the value of Φ is 0 °, the value of sin 2 has a value of 0, so that the transmittance is zero.
도 8a 내지 8c는 각각 비교예 1, 실시예 3 및 실시예 9의 텍스쳐들이다. 도 8a를 참조하면, 슬릿의 가장자리 부위들이나 슬릿의 경계에서 빛샘 현상이 보여지고 있다. 도 8b 및 도 8c를 참조하면, 도 8a에 비하여 슬릿의 가장자리 부위 및 경계에서 빛샘 현상이 많이 제거된 것을 볼 수 있다.8A through 8C are textures of Comparative Example 1, Example 3, and Example 9, respectively. Referring to FIG. 8A, light leakage is seen at edges of the slit or at the boundary of the slit. Referring to FIGS. 8B and 8C, it can be seen that much light leakage is removed from the edge portion and the boundary of the slit compared to FIG. 8A.
상기의 텍스쳐들을 살펴보면, 강유전성 물질을 포함하는 액정층의 경우, 액정층 내 액정 분자들의 배향이, 강유전성 물질을 포함하지 않는 액정층에 비하여 균일하고 안정하여 액정 표시 장치의 휘도를 향상시킬 수 있다.Looking at the above textures, in the case of the liquid crystal layer including the ferroelectric material, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is uniform and stable compared to the liquid crystal layer containing no ferroelectric material, thereby improving the brightness of the liquid crystal display device.
도 9a 및 도 9b는 비교예 1, 실시예 3 및 실시예 9의 텍스쳐의 그레이 레벨을 나타내는 그래프들이다. 도 9a 및 도 9b는 256(28) 그레이 레벨(gray level)로 평가하며, 0으로 갈수록 검정에 가까운 그레이를 나타내며, 0부터 256의 레벨로 그레이의 진하기를 나타낸다.9A and 9B are graphs showing gray levels of the textures of Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 9; 9A and 9B are evaluated at 256 (2 8 ) gray levels, showing gray near black as going to zero, and showing the darkness of gray from 0 to 256 levels.
도 9a는 도 7a 내지 도 7c의 텍스쳐의 그레이 레벨을 나타내는 것으로, 화이트 이미지들로 그레이 레벨의 256 근처에서 많이 보여진다. 도 7a의 비교예 1은 그레이 레벨 약 200 내지 230 사이에서 많이 보여지고, 그 피크의 폭이 넓을 것을 볼 수 있다. 도 7b의 실시예 3은 그레이 레벨 약 240 내지 250 사이에서 많이 보여지며, 그 피크 폭이 비교예 1의 피크 폭보다 좁은 것을 볼 수 있다. 도 7c의 실시예 9는 그레이 레벨 약 230 내지 250 사이에서 많이 보여지며, 그 피크 폭이 비교예 1의 피크 폭보다 좁은 것을 볼 수 있다.FIG. 9A shows the gray level of the texture of FIGS. 7A-7C, which are often seen near 256 of the gray level as white images. Comparative Example 1 of FIG. 7A is often seen between gray levels of about 200 to 230, and it can be seen that the width of the peak is wide. Example 3 of FIG. 7B shows a lot between gray levels of about 240 to 250, and it can be seen that the peak width is narrower than that of Comparative Example 1. FIG. Example 9 of FIG. 7C shows much between gray levels of about 230 to 250, and it can be seen that the peak width is narrower than that of Comparative Example 1. FIG.
도 9b는 도 8a 내지 도 8c의 텍스쳐의 그레이 레벨을 나타내는 것으로, 블랙 이미지들로 그레이 레벨의 0 근처에서 많이 보여진다. 도 8a의 비교예 1은 그레이 레벨 약 30 내지 50 사이에서 많이 보여지고, 그 피크의 폭이 넓을 것을 볼 수 있다. 도 8b의 실시예 3은 그레이 레벨 약 0 내지 20 사이에서 많이 보여지며, 그 피크의 폭이 비교에 1의 피크 폭보다 좁은 것을 볼 수 있다. 도 8c의 실시예 9는 그레이 레벨 약 0 내지 30 사이에서 많이 보여지며, 그 피크의 폭이 비교예 1의 피크 폭보다 좁은 것을 볼 수 있다.FIG. 9B shows the gray level of the texture of FIGS. 8A-8C, which are seen much near zero of the gray level as black images. In Comparative Example 1 of FIG. 8A, a lot is seen between gray levels of about 30 to 50, and it can be seen that the width of the peak is wide. Example 3 of FIG. 8B shows a lot between gray levels about 0-20, and it can be seen that the width of the peak is narrower than the peak width of 1 in comparison. Example 9 of FIG. 8C shows much between gray levels about 0 to 30, and it can be seen that the width of the peak is narrower than the peak width of Comparative Example 1. FIG.
상기의 도 9a 및 도 9b의 그래프를 살펴보면, 강유전성 물질을 포함하는 액정층의 경우, 액정층 내 액정 분자들의 배향이, 강유전성 물질을 포함하지 않는 액정층에 비하여 균일하고 안정하여, 액정 표시 장치의 휘도를 향상시킬 수 있다.Referring to the graphs of FIGS. 9A and 9B, in the case of the liquid crystal layer including the ferroelectric material, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is more uniform and stable than that of the liquid crystal layer not containing the ferroelectric material. The brightness can be improved.
이상, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 실시예를 설명하였지만, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자는 본 발명이 그 기술적 사상이나 필수적인 특징으로 변경하지 않고서 다른 구체적인 형태로 실시될 수 있다는 것을 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 이상에서 기술한 실시예에는 모든 면에서 예시적인 것이며 한정적이 아닌 것으로 이해해야만 한다.Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may implement the present invention in other specific forms without changing the technical idea or essential features thereof. You will understand that. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are exemplary in all respects and not restrictive.

Claims (21)

  1. 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정(negative nematic liquid crystal);Negative nematic liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy;
    양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정(positive nematic liquid crystal); 및Positive nematic liquid crystals with positive dielectric anisotropy; And
    강유전성 액정(ferroelectric liquid crystal)을 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition comprising a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  2. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 액정 조성물은,The liquid crystal composition,
    상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 70중량% 내지 99.9중량%; 및70 wt% to 99.9 wt% of the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy; And
    상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물 0.1중량% 내지 30중량%을 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition comprising 0.1% to 30% by weight of the mixture of the nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy.
  3. 제2항에 있어서,The method of claim 2,
    상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물에서, 상기 강유전성 액정은 10중량% 내지 99중량%을 포함하는 액정 조성물.In the mixture of the nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy and the ferroelectric liquid crystal, the ferroelectric liquid crystal comprises 10% to 99% by weight.
  4. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    리액티브 메조겐(reactive mesogen) 물질을 더 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition further comprising a reactive mesogen material.
  5. 제4항에 있어서,The method of claim 4, wherein
    상기 액정 조성물은,The liquid crystal composition,
    상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 및 강유전성 액정의 혼합물 0.1중량% 내지 30중량%;0.1% to 30% by weight of the mixture of the nematic liquid crystal and the ferroelectric liquid crystal having the positive dielectric anisotropy;
    상기 리액티브 메조겐 물질 0.01중량% 내지 3중량%; 및0.01 wt% to 3 wt% of the reactive mesogen material; And
    여분의 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition comprising a nematic liquid crystal having said negative dielectric anisotropy.
  6. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들을 포함하는 액정 조성물.The nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy comprises liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy.
  7. 제6항에 있어서,The method of claim 6,
    상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 제1 기저(base) 액정 분자들을 더 포함하되,The nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy further includes first base liquid crystal molecules,
    상기 제1 기저 액정 분자들 각각은, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자 및 중성의 액정 분자로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함하는 액정 조성물.Each of the first base liquid crystal molecules includes at least one selected from the group consisting of liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, and neutral liquid crystal molecules.
  8. 제6항에 있어서,The method of claim 6,
    상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들은,Nematic liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy,
    제1 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자; 및Nematic liquid crystal molecules having first negative dielectric anisotropy; And
    상기 제1 음의 유전 이방성과는 상이한 제2 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자를 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition comprising nematic liquid crystal molecules having a second negative dielectric anisotropy different from the first negative dielectric anisotropy.
  9. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들을 포함하는 액정 조성물.The nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy comprises nematic liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy.
  10. 제9항에 있어서,The method of claim 9,
    상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정은, 제2 기저 액정 분자들을 더 포함하되,The nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy further includes second base liquid crystal molecules,
    상기 제2 기저 액정 분자들 각각은, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자 및 중성의 액정 분자로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함하는 액정 조성물.Each of the second base liquid crystal molecules includes at least one selected from the group consisting of liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, and neutral liquid crystal molecules.
  11. 제9항에 있어서,The method of claim 9,
    상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자들은,Nematic liquid crystal molecules having the positive dielectric anisotropy,
    제1 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자; 및Nematic liquid crystal molecules having a first amount of dielectric anisotropy; And
    상기 제1 양의 유전 이방성과는 상이한 제2 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 분자를 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition comprising nematic liquid crystal molecules having a second amount of dielectric anisotropy different from the first amount of dielectric anisotropy.
  12. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 강유전성 액정은, 강유전성 액정 분자들을 포함하는 액정 조성물.The ferroelectric liquid crystal is a liquid crystal composition comprising ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules.
  13. 제12항에 있어서,The method of claim 12,
    상기 강유전성 액정은, 제3 기저 액정 분자들을 더 포함하되,The ferroelectric liquid crystal further includes third base liquid crystal molecules,
    상기 제3 기저 액정 분자들 각각은, 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자, 상기 양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 액정 분자 및 중성의 액정 분자로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함하는 액정 조성물.Each of the third base liquid crystal molecules includes at least one selected from the group consisting of liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy, and neutral liquid crystal molecules.
  14. 제12항에 있어서,The method of claim 12,
    상기 강유전성 액정 분자들은,The ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules,
    제1 강유전성 액정 분자; 및First ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules; And
    상기 제1 강유전성 액정 분자와는 상이한 제2 강유전성 액정 분자를 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition comprising second ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules different from the first ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules.
  15. 비강유전성 액정(non-ferroelectric liquid crystal); 및Non-ferroelectric liquid crystals; And
    강유전성 액정(ferroelectric liquid crystal)을 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition comprising a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  16. 제15항에 있어서,The method of claim 15,
    상기 액정 조성물은,The liquid crystal composition,
    상기 강유전성 액정 0.1중량% 내지 30중량%을 포함하는 액정 조성물.Liquid crystal composition comprising 0.1% to 30% by weight of the ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  17. 제15항에 있어서,The method of claim 15,
    상기 비강유전성 액정은,The non-ferroelectric liquid crystal is,
    음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정; 및Nematic liquid crystals having negative dielectric anisotropy; And
    양의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition comprising a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy.
  18. 제15항에 있어서,The method of claim 15,
    상기 비강유전성 액정은,The non-ferroelectric liquid crystal is,
    상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition comprising the nematic liquid crystal having the negative dielectric anisotropy.
  19. 제18항에 있어서,The method of claim 18,
    상기 액정 조성물은,The liquid crystal composition,
    상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정 70중량% 내지 99.9중량%; 및70 wt% to 99.9 wt% of the nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy; And
    상기 강유전성 액정 0.1중량% 내지 30중량%를 포함하는 액정 조성물.Liquid crystal composition comprising 0.1% to 30% by weight of the ferroelectric liquid crystal.
  20. 제18항에 있어서,The method of claim 18,
    리액티브 메조겐 물질을 더 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition further comprising a reactive mesogen material.
  21. 제20항에 있어서,The method of claim 20,
    상기 액정 조성물은,The liquid crystal composition,
    상기 강유전성 액정의 0.1중량% 내지 30중량%;0.1 wt% to 30 wt% of the ferroelectric liquid crystal;
    상기 리액티브 메조겐 물질 0.01중량% 내지 3중량%; 및0.01 wt% to 3 wt% of the reactive mesogen material; And
    여분의 상기 음의 유전 이방성을 갖는 네마틱 액정을 포함하는 액정 조성물.A liquid crystal composition comprising a nematic liquid crystal having said negative dielectric anisotropy.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4871472A (en) * 1986-02-13 1989-10-03 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Esters in ferroelectric mixtures
US5332521A (en) * 1988-07-26 1994-07-26 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Ferroelectric liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal optical device produced by using the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition, and method of producing the liquid crystal optical device
JPH0933957A (en) * 1995-07-20 1997-02-07 Samsung Electron Devices Co Ltd Liquid-crystal display device
KR19980702063A (en) * 1995-02-10 1998-07-15 스켈톤 에스 알 Liquid crystal device
JP2008518899A (en) * 2004-11-03 2008-06-05 キネティック リミテッド Compounds used in liquid crystal devices

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4871472A (en) * 1986-02-13 1989-10-03 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Esters in ferroelectric mixtures
US5332521A (en) * 1988-07-26 1994-07-26 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Ferroelectric liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal optical device produced by using the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition, and method of producing the liquid crystal optical device
KR19980702063A (en) * 1995-02-10 1998-07-15 스켈톤 에스 알 Liquid crystal device
JPH0933957A (en) * 1995-07-20 1997-02-07 Samsung Electron Devices Co Ltd Liquid-crystal display device
JP2008518899A (en) * 2004-11-03 2008-06-05 キネティック リミテッド Compounds used in liquid crystal devices

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