WO2013167675A1 - Method for monitoring an injection valve - Google Patents

Method for monitoring an injection valve Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013167675A1
WO2013167675A1 PCT/EP2013/059624 EP2013059624W WO2013167675A1 WO 2013167675 A1 WO2013167675 A1 WO 2013167675A1 EP 2013059624 W EP2013059624 W EP 2013059624W WO 2013167675 A1 WO2013167675 A1 WO 2013167675A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
time
gradient
starting
injection valve
gradient alteration
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/059624
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mauro Grandi
Original Assignee
Continental Automotive Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Automotive Gmbh filed Critical Continental Automotive Gmbh
Priority to CN201380024394.8A priority Critical patent/CN104271928B/en
Priority to EP13721747.7A priority patent/EP2850307B1/en
Priority to KR1020147032582A priority patent/KR20150018519A/en
Priority to US14/399,227 priority patent/US9482196B2/en
Publication of WO2013167675A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013167675A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D41/221—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of actuators or electrically driven elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
    • F02D41/2464—Characteristics of actuators
    • F02D41/2467—Characteristics of actuators for injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/005—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2034—Control of the current gradient
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2044—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using pre-magnetisation or post-magnetisation of the coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2058—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using information of the actual current value
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring an injection valve. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating an injection valve.
  • Injection valves are in wide spread use, in particular for internal combustion engines where they may be arranged in order to dose the fluid into an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine or directly into the combustion chamber of a cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • injection valves are manufactured in various forms in order to satisfy the various needs for the various combustion engines. Therefore, for example, their length, their diameter and also various elements of the injection valve being responsible for the way the fluid is dosed may vary in a wide range.
  • injection valves may accommodate an actuator for actuating a needle of the injection valve, which may, for example, be an electromagnetic actuator or a piezoelectric actuator.
  • the respective injection valve may be suited to dose fluids under very high pressures.
  • the pressures may be in case of a gasoline engine, for example, in the range of up to 200 bar or even up to 400 bar and in the case of Diesel engines in the range of more than 2000 bar. It is an object of the invention is to provide a method for monitoring an opening of an injection valve and a method for operating an injection valve which allow a reliable and precise operation of the injection valve.
  • a method for monitoring an opening of an injection valve is specified.
  • a method for operating an injection valve, in particular an injection valve of an internal combustion engine is specified.
  • the injection valve comprises a valve body with a cavity comprising a fluid outlet portion, a valve needle movable in the cavity and preventing a fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion in a closing position and releasing the fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion in further positions, and an actuator unit with a coil and an armature, the armature being movable in the cavity and being designed to actuate the valve needle.
  • the method comprises the following steps: actuating the actuator unit by means of a predetermined voltage signal starting at a given starting time, recording a time-dependent profile of a current through the actuator unit, based on the recorded profile of the current and starting from the starting time detecting a first gradient alteration time where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current changes more than a first given threshold, based on the recorded profile of the current and starting from the first gradient alteration time detecting a second gradient alteration time where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current changes more than a second given threshold, and dependent from the first gradient alteration time and/or the second gradient alteration time determining a diagnostic value.
  • the diagnostic value may be representative for an erroneous respectively correct operation of the injection valve.
  • a drift of the first gradient alteration time and/or the second gradient alteration time may indicate an erroneous operation of the injection valve.
  • a "drift" of a time is in particular a deviation from an expected - e.g. from a predetermined - position in time.
  • the operation may in particular be erroneous if the respective drift (s) exceed a predetermined tolerance range .
  • a first gradient of the recorded profile of the current between the starting time and the first gradient alteration time is representative for an energization of the coil.
  • a second gradient of the recorded profile of the current between the first gradient alteration time and the second gradient alteration time is representative for a movement of the armature separate from the valve needle.
  • the thresholds may be determined in advance in a suitable manner, for example by tests at an engine test station or by simulations .
  • This method has the advantage that different phases of the operation of the injection valve during the opening of the injection valve may be identified. Conseguently, a long-term drift of the behavior of the injection valve during the opening process of the valve needle may be detected, in particular a long-term drift of the first and/or second gradient alteration time. Furthermore, the monitoring of the dynamics of the injection valve may serve as a base for a compensation of the long-term drift of the injection valve .
  • the expression "long-term drift” in the present context relates may in particular relate to changes on a time scale of the lifetime - in particular the mean time to failure (MTTF) - of the injection valve, for example in the range of at least 5 % of the MTTF.
  • the MTTF may be determined by standardized statistical procedures which are in principle known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the diagnostic value is determined dependent from the time difference between the starting time and the first gradient alteration time and/or the time difference between the starting time and the second gradient alteration time. In this way, it is uncomplicated to determine a drift of the first and second gradient alteration time, respectively.
  • a third gradient alteration time is detected where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current changes more than a third given threshold, and the diagnostic value is determined dependent from the third gradient alteration time.
  • a drift of the third gradient alteration time - in addition or alternatively to a drift of the first and/or the second gradient alteration time - may indicate an erroneous operation of the injection valve.
  • a third gradient of the recorded profile of the current between the second gradient alteration time and the third gradient alteration time is representative for a common movement of the armature and the valve needle.
  • the method comprises, for a first injection process, actuating the actuator unit by means of the
  • the diagnostic value is used for adjusting the assignment rule for determining the signal duration time of the voltage signal for the at least one further injection process.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that a drift of the behaviour of the injection valve during the opening of the valve needle and a drift of the dynamics of the injection valve may be compensated by adapting the signal duration time of the voltage signal for the actuation of the actuator unit.
  • This has the advantage that the delivered amount of fuel of the injection valve may be adjusted. Conseguently, a long term stability of the amount of fuel delivered by the injection valve may be achieved.
  • the assignment rule for determining the signal duration time of the voltage signal is adjusted dependent from the time difference between the starting time and the first gradient alteration time and/or the time difference between the starting time and the second gradient alteration time.
  • an assignment rule for determining a phase shift of the voltage signal relative to the given crank shaft angle is adjusted for at least one further injection process .
  • the method comprises, for a first injection process, actuating the actuator unit by means of the predetermined voltage signal starting at the given starting time relative to a given crank shaft angle of the internal combustion engine, and dependent from the first gradient alteration time and/or the second gradient alteration time adjusting an assignment rule for determining a phase shift of the voltage signal relative to the given crank shaft angle for at least one further injection process.
  • the diagnostic value is used for adjusting the assignment rule for determining the phase shift of the voltage signal relative to the given crank shaft angle for the at least one further injection process.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that a drift of the behaviour of the injection valve during the opening of the valve needle and a drift of the dynamics of the injection valve may be compensated by adjusting the voltage signal relative to the given crank shaft angle .
  • the assignment rule for determining the time shift of the voltage signal relative to the given crank shaft angle is adjusted dependent from the time difference between the starting time and the first gradient alteration time and/or the time difference between the starting time and the second gradient alteration time.
  • Figure 1 an injection valve in a longitudinal section view
  • Figure 2 a current profile of the injection valve
  • Figure 3 an enlarged current profile of the injection valve
  • Figure 4 a further enlarged current profile and a profile of injected fluid of the injection valve
  • Figure 5 a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of the method for operating the injection valve.
  • FIG 1 shows an injection valve 10 that is in particular suitable for dosing fuel to an internal combustion engine.
  • the injection valve 10 comprises in particular an inlet tube 12.
  • the injection valve 10 comprises a valve body 14 with a central longitudinal axis L.
  • a cavity 18 is arranged in the valve body 14.
  • the injection valve 10 has a housing 16.
  • the cavity 18 takes in a valve needle 20 and an armature 22.
  • the valve needle 20 and the armature 22 are axially movable in the cavity 18.
  • a spring 24 is arranged in a recess 26 which is provided in the inlet tube 12.
  • the spring 24 is mechanically coupled to the valve needle 20.
  • the valve needle 20 forms a first seat for the spring 24.
  • a filter element 30 is arranged inside the inlet tube 12 and forms a further seat for the spring 24.
  • the filter element 30 can be axially moved into the inlet tube 12 in order to preload the spring 24 in a desired manner.
  • the spring 24 exerts a force on the valve needle 20 towards an injection nozzle 34 of the injection valve 10.
  • the injection nozzle 34 may be, for example, an injection hole.
  • the valve 10 is provided with an actuator unit 36 that is preferably an electro-magnetic actuator.
  • the electro-magnetic actuator unit 36 comprises a coil 38, which is preferably arranged inside the housing 16. Furthermore, the electro-magnetic actuator unit 36 comprises the armature 22.
  • the valve body 14, the housing 16, the inlet tube 12 and the armature 22 are forming an electromagnetic circuit.
  • a fluid outlet portion 40 is a part of the cavity 18 near the seat plate 32.
  • the fluid outlet portion 40 communicates with a fluid inlet portion 42 which is provided in the valve body 14.
  • valve needle 20 prevents a fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion 40 in a closing position of the valve needle 20. Outside of the closing position of the valve needle 20, the valve needle 20 enables the fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion 40.
  • the actuator unit 36 may affect an electro-magnetic force on the armature 22.
  • the armature 22 is attracted by the electro-magnetic actuator unit 36 with the coil 38 and moves in axial direction away from the fluid outlet portion 40. Due to the mechanical coupling between the armature 22 and the valve needle 20 the armature 22 takes the valve needle 20 with it. Conseguently, the valve needle 20 moves in axial direction out of the closing position. Outside of the closing position of the valve needle 20 a gap between the seat plate 32 and the valve needle 20 forms a fluid path and fluid can pass through the injection nozzle 34.
  • the spring 24 can force the valve needle 20 to move in axial direction towards the injection nozzle 34. Conseguently, the valve needle 20 may be forced to move in its closing position. It is depending on the force balance between the force on the valve needle 20 caused by the actuator unit 36 with the coil 38 and the force on the valve needle 20 caused by the spring 24 whether the valve needle 20 is in its closing position or not.
  • Figures 2 to 4 show profiles of currents I, I ' through the actuator unit 36 of the injection valve 10 to illustrate the method for monitoring the injection valve 10 and the method for operating the injection valve 10. Furthermore, Figure 4 shows profiles of fluid guantities Q, Q' delivered by the injection valve 10.
  • the method for monitoring an opening of the injection valve 10 and for operating the injection valve 10 comprises the following steps:
  • the actuator unit 36 is actuated by a predetermined voltage signal V which starts at a starting time T_0 (point P0) .
  • a time-dependent profile of the current I through the actuator unit 36 is recorded.
  • the time-dependent profile of the current I is shown in Figure 2. Detailed enlargements of this profile are shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the starting time T_0 is phased with operating conditions given by the combustion engine.
  • a first gradient G_l of the profile of the current I is detected.
  • the first gradient G_l is representative for an energization of the coil 38 between the starting time T_0 and the first gradient alteration time T_l .
  • a second gradient G_2 of the profile of the current I is detected.
  • the second gradient alteration time T_2 the gradient of the recorded profile of the current I changes more than a second given threshold.
  • the second gradient G_2 is representative for a movement of the armature 22 prior to engage the valve needle 20.
  • the second gradient alteration time T_2 the gradient of the recorded profile of the current I changes again.
  • the second gradient alteration time T_2 is representative for an engagement of the armature 22 with the valve needle 20 and a start of an opening movement of the valve needle 20.
  • a third gradient G_3 of the profile of the current I is detected.
  • the third gradient G_3 is representative for a common movement of the armature 22 and the valve needle 20.
  • the third gradient alteration time T_3 is representative for a complete opening of the valve needle 20 at its maximum lift position.
  • a fourth gradient G_4 of the profile of the current I is detected.
  • the method allows identifying the different positions of the armature 22 or common positions of the armature 22 and the valve needle 20. Due to this method it is possible for an injection valve 10 to exactly detect the movement of the armature 22 and the movement of the armature 22 combined with the valve needle 20. In particular, it is possible to detect the exact beginning and end of each individual movement of the armature 22 and the valve needle 20 by the gradient changes of the current profile. In the case of an aged injection valve 10 the drift shows a delay of the time T_l ' (point Pi'), which is representative for the beginning of the movement of the armature 22. This delayed initial movement of the armature 22 introduces a delay of the movement of the needle 20 (point P2' at the time T_2 ' ) . By this the fluid quantity Q' delivered by the aged injection valve 10 with the time drift may be smaller than the original fluid quantity Q of the original injection valve 10 as shown in Figure 4.
  • the drifts may be used to generate a diagnostic which, in turn, may be used for compensating for the reduced fluid quantity Q' of the injection valve (10) .
  • the diagnostic value may be used for adjusting the voltage signal V, in particular at least one of the starting time T_0, the shape, and the duration of the voltage signal V.
  • Figure 5 shows a flowchart to illustrate a further embodiment of the method for operating the injection valve 10. The method comprises the following steps:
  • a first step S10 the actuator unit 36 is actuated by the predetermined voltage signal V starting at the starting time T_0 relative to a given crank shaft angle of the internal combustion engine.
  • the time-dependent profile of the current I for the actuator unit 36 is recorded.
  • step S12 the first gradient G_l of the recorded profile of the current I which is representative for an energization of the coil 38 and the first gradient alteration time T_l where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current I changes are detected.
  • step S14 the second gradient G_2 of the profile of the current I which is representative for a movement of the armature 22 separate from the valve needle 20 and the second gradient alteration time T_2 are detected.
  • step S16 time differences between the starting time T_0 and the first gradient alteration time T_l and/or between the starting time T_0 and the second gradient alteration time T_2 are calculated. Furthermore, it is checked and verified if compensation is necessary by adapting the voltage signal V. If the time differences between the starting time T_0 and the first gradient alteration time T_l and/or the starting time T_0 and the second gradient alteration time T_2 exceed given values the drift of the points Pi, P2 may be compensated.
  • An electronic control unit ECU may calculate the difference from the original data and may compensate the drift (step S18) .
  • an assignment rule for determining the signal duration time T_SIG of the voltage signal V is adjusted dependent from the time difference between the starting time T_0 and the first gradient alteration time T_l and/or the starting time T_0 and the second gradient alteration time T_2.
  • an assignment rule for determining a phase shift of the voltage signal V relative to the given crank shaft angle is adjusted so that a drift in particular of the first gradient alteration time T_l and/or the second gradient alteration time T_2 may be compensated.
  • the injection time may be adapted during a ballistic operating condition of the injection valve 10. By this, a corrected guantity Q of fluid may be delivered.
  • step 20 If the time difference between the starting time T_0 and the first gradient alteration time T_l and the time difference between the starting time T_0 and the second gradient alteration time T_2 does not exceed given values the previous data are used (step 20) .
  • Changes of the times T_l, T_2 and T_3 due to variable operating conditions or due to lifetime performance degradation are detectable and a specific algorithm could be applied to compensate the drift of the injection valve 10 or to reduce a variability between different cylinders of the combustion engine.
  • a software program may modify injection parameters to compensate the drift and keep constant the delivered fuel guantity during the lifetime of the injection valve 10. By this method it is possible to obtain a minimum of the lowest controllable and deliverable fuel guantity including a predictable ballistic operating condition of the injection valve 10 after the second gradient alteration time T_2.
  • the invention is not limited to specific embodiments by the description on the basis of said exemplary embodiments but comprises any combination of elements of different embodiments. Moreover, the invention comprises any combination of claims and any combination of features disclosed by the claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

Method for monitoring an opening of an injection valve comprising a movable valve needle and preventing a fluid flow through a fluid outlet portion in a closing position and releasing the fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion in further positions, and an actuator unit with a coil and an armature, the armature being movable and being designed to actuate the valve needle. The method comprising the steps: actuating the actuator unit with a predetermined voltage signal at a given starting time, recording the current through the actuator unit, based on the recorded current and the starting time T_0 detecting a time T_1 where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current changes more than a first given threshold, based on the first gradient alteration time T_1 detecting a second time T_2 where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current changes more than a second given threshold, and dependent from the first time T_1 and the second time T_2 determining a diagnostic value which may be used for compensating a long-term drift of the injection valve. Method for monitoring an opening of an injection valve (10), the injection valve (10) comprising a valve body (14) with a cavity (18) comprising a fluid outlet portion (40), a valve needle (20) movable in the cavity (18) and preventing a fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion (40) in a closing position and releasing the fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion (40) in further positions, and an actuator unit (36) with a coil (38) and an armature (22), the armature (22) being movable in the cavity (18) and being designed to actuate the valve needle (20), the method comprising the following steps: actuating the actuator unit (36) by means of a predetermined voltage signal (V) starting at a given starting time (T_0), recording a time-dependent profile of a current (I) through the actuator unit (36), based on the recorded profile of the current (I) and the starting time (T_0) detecting a first gradient alteration time (T_1) where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current (I) changes more than a first given threshold, based on the first gradient alteration time (T_1) detecting a second gradient alteration time (T_2) where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current (I) changes more than a second given threshold, and dependent from the first gradient alteration time (T_1) and the second gradient alteration time (T_2) determining a diagnostic value which may be used for compensating a long-term drift of the injection valve (10).

Description

Description
Method for monitoring an injection valve
The invention relates to a method for monitoring an injection valve. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating an injection valve.
This patent application claims the priority of European patent application No. 12167414.7, the disclosure content of which is hereby incorporated by reference .
Injection valves are in wide spread use, in particular for internal combustion engines where they may be arranged in order to dose the fluid into an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine or directly into the combustion chamber of a cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
Injection valves are manufactured in various forms in order to satisfy the various needs for the various combustion engines. Therefore, for example, their length, their diameter and also various elements of the injection valve being responsible for the way the fluid is dosed may vary in a wide range. In addition to that, injection valves may accommodate an actuator for actuating a needle of the injection valve, which may, for example, be an electromagnetic actuator or a piezoelectric actuator.
In order to enhance the combustion process in view of the creation of unwanted emissions, the respective injection valve may be suited to dose fluids under very high pressures. The pressures may be in case of a gasoline engine, for example, in the range of up to 200 bar or even up to 400 bar and in the case of Diesel engines in the range of more than 2000 bar. It is an object of the invention is to provide a method for monitoring an opening of an injection valve and a method for operating an injection valve which allow a reliable and precise operation of the injection valve.
This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in the sub-claims .
According to one aspect, a method for monitoring an opening of an injection valve is specified. According to another aspect, a method for operating an injection valve, in particular an injection valve of an internal combustion engine, is specified.
The injection valve comprises a valve body with a cavity comprising a fluid outlet portion, a valve needle movable in the cavity and preventing a fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion in a closing position and releasing the fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion in further positions, and an actuator unit with a coil and an armature, the armature being movable in the cavity and being designed to actuate the valve needle.
The method comprises the following steps: actuating the actuator unit by means of a predetermined voltage signal starting at a given starting time, recording a time-dependent profile of a current through the actuator unit, based on the recorded profile of the current and starting from the starting time detecting a first gradient alteration time where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current changes more than a first given threshold, based on the recorded profile of the current and starting from the first gradient alteration time detecting a second gradient alteration time where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current changes more than a second given threshold, and dependent from the first gradient alteration time and/or the second gradient alteration time determining a diagnostic value.
The diagnostic value may be representative for an erroneous respectively correct operation of the injection valve. A drift of the first gradient alteration time and/or the second gradient alteration time may indicate an erroneous operation of the injection valve. In the present context, a "drift" of a time is in particular a deviation from an expected - e.g. from a predetermined - position in time. The operation may in particular be erroneous if the respective drift (s) exceed a predetermined tolerance range .
A first gradient of the recorded profile of the current between the starting time and the first gradient alteration time is representative for an energization of the coil. A second gradient of the recorded profile of the current between the first gradient alteration time and the second gradient alteration time is representative for a movement of the armature separate from the valve needle. The thresholds may be determined in advance in a suitable manner, for example by tests at an engine test station or by simulations .
This method has the advantage that different phases of the operation of the injection valve during the opening of the injection valve may be identified. Conseguently, a long-term drift of the behavior of the injection valve during the opening process of the valve needle may be detected, in particular a long-term drift of the first and/or second gradient alteration time. Furthermore, the monitoring of the dynamics of the injection valve may serve as a base for a compensation of the long-term drift of the injection valve . The expression "long-term drift" in the present context relates may in particular relate to changes on a time scale of the lifetime - in particular the mean time to failure (MTTF) - of the injection valve, for example in the range of at least 5 % of the MTTF. The MTTF may be determined by standardized statistical procedures which are in principle known to the person skilled in the art.
In an advantageous embodiment of the invention the diagnostic value is determined dependent from the time difference between the starting time and the first gradient alteration time and/or the time difference between the starting time and the second gradient alteration time. In this way, it is uncomplicated to determine a drift of the first and second gradient alteration time, respectively.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention based on the recorded profile of the current and starting from the second gradient alteration time a third gradient alteration time is detected where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current changes more than a third given threshold, and the diagnostic value is determined dependent from the third gradient alteration time. A drift of the third gradient alteration time - in addition or alternatively to a drift of the first and/or the second gradient alteration time - may indicate an erroneous operation of the injection valve. A third gradient of the recorded profile of the current between the second gradient alteration time and the third gradient alteration time is representative for a common movement of the armature and the valve needle. This has the advantage that a further gradient alteration may be used to detect a long-term drift of the injection valve during the opening process of the valve needle, in particular a long-term drift of the third gradient alteration time. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention the diagnostic value is determined dependent from the time difference between the starting time and the third gradient alteration time. In one embodiment, the method comprises, for a first injection process, actuating the actuator unit by means of the
predetermined voltage signal starting at the given starting time relative to a given crank shaft angle of the internal combustion engine and dependent from the first gradient alteration time and/or the second gradient alteration time adjusting an assignment rule for determining a signal duration time of the voltage signal for at least one further injection process. In other words, the diagnostic value is used for adjusting the assignment rule for determining the signal duration time of the voltage signal for the at least one further injection process.
This embodiment has the advantage that a drift of the behaviour of the injection valve during the opening of the valve needle and a drift of the dynamics of the injection valve may be compensated by adapting the signal duration time of the voltage signal for the actuation of the actuator unit. This has the advantage that the delivered amount of fuel of the injection valve may be adjusted. Conseguently, a long term stability of the amount of fuel delivered by the injection valve may be achieved.
In an advantageous development, the assignment rule for determining the signal duration time of the voltage signal is adjusted dependent from the time difference between the starting time and the first gradient alteration time and/or the time difference between the starting time and the second gradient alteration time.
In a further advantageous development, dependent from the first gradient alteration time and/or the second gradient alteration time, an assignment rule for determining a phase shift of the voltage signal relative to the given crank shaft angle is adjusted for at least one further injection process . This has the advantage that a drift of the behaviour of the injection valve during the opening of the valve needle and a drift of the dynamics of the injection valve may be compensated by adjusting the voltage signal relative to the given crank shaft angle.
According to one embodiment, the method comprises, for a first injection process, actuating the actuator unit by means of the predetermined voltage signal starting at the given starting time relative to a given crank shaft angle of the internal combustion engine, and dependent from the first gradient alteration time and/or the second gradient alteration time adjusting an assignment rule for determining a phase shift of the voltage signal relative to the given crank shaft angle for at least one further injection process. In other words, the diagnostic value is used for adjusting the assignment rule for determining the phase shift of the voltage signal relative to the given crank shaft angle for the at least one further injection process.
This embodiment has the advantage that a drift of the behaviour of the injection valve during the opening of the valve needle and a drift of the dynamics of the injection valve may be compensated by adjusting the voltage signal relative to the given crank shaft angle .
In an advantageous development, the assignment rule for determining the time shift of the voltage signal relative to the given crank shaft angle is adjusted dependent from the time difference between the starting time and the first gradient alteration time and/or the time difference between the starting time and the second gradient alteration time. Exemplary embodiments of the method are explained in the following with the aid of schematic drawings. These are as follows :
Figure 1 an injection valve in a longitudinal section view, and
Figure 2 a current profile of the injection valve,
Figure 3 an enlarged current profile of the injection valve,
Figure 4 a further enlarged current profile and a profile of injected fluid of the injection valve, and
Figure 5 a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of the method for operating the injection valve.
Elements of the same design and function that appear in different illustrations are identified by the same reference character.
Figure 1 shows an injection valve 10 that is in particular suitable for dosing fuel to an internal combustion engine. The injection valve 10 comprises in particular an inlet tube 12.
The injection valve 10 comprises a valve body 14 with a central longitudinal axis L. A cavity 18 is arranged in the valve body 14. The injection valve 10 has a housing 16. The cavity 18 takes in a valve needle 20 and an armature 22. The valve needle 20 and the armature 22 are axially movable in the cavity 18.
A spring 24 is arranged in a recess 26 which is provided in the inlet tube 12. The spring 24 is mechanically coupled to the valve needle 20. The valve needle 20 forms a first seat for the spring 24. A filter element 30 is arranged inside the inlet tube 12 and forms a further seat for the spring 24. During the manufacturing process of the injection valve 10 the filter element 30 can be axially moved into the inlet tube 12 in order to preload the spring 24 in a desired manner. By this the spring 24 exerts a force on the valve needle 20 towards an injection nozzle 34 of the injection valve 10.
In a closing position of the valve needle 20 it sealingly rests on a seat plate 32 by this preventing a fluid flow through the at least one injection nozzle 34. The injection nozzle 34 may be, for example, an injection hole.
The valve 10 is provided with an actuator unit 36 that is preferably an electro-magnetic actuator. The electro-magnetic actuator unit 36 comprises a coil 38, which is preferably arranged inside the housing 16. Furthermore, the electro-magnetic actuator unit 36 comprises the armature 22. The valve body 14, the housing 16, the inlet tube 12 and the armature 22 are forming an electromagnetic circuit.
A fluid outlet portion 40 is a part of the cavity 18 near the seat plate 32. The fluid outlet portion 40 communicates with a fluid inlet portion 42 which is provided in the valve body 14.
In the following the function of the injection valve 10 will be described :
Initially the fluid is led through the filter element 30 to the fluid inlet portion 42 and further towards the fluid outlet portion 40. The valve needle 20 prevents a fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion 40 in a closing position of the valve needle 20. Outside of the closing position of the valve needle 20, the valve needle 20 enables the fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion 40.
In the case when the electro-magnetic actuator unit 36 with the coil 38 gets energized the actuator unit 36 may affect an electro-magnetic force on the armature 22. The armature 22 is attracted by the electro-magnetic actuator unit 36 with the coil 38 and moves in axial direction away from the fluid outlet portion 40. Due to the mechanical coupling between the armature 22 and the valve needle 20 the armature 22 takes the valve needle 20 with it. Conseguently, the valve needle 20 moves in axial direction out of the closing position. Outside of the closing position of the valve needle 20 a gap between the seat plate 32 and the valve needle 20 forms a fluid path and fluid can pass through the injection nozzle 34.
In the case when the actuator unit 36 is de-energized the spring 24 can force the valve needle 20 to move in axial direction towards the injection nozzle 34. Conseguently, the valve needle 20 may be forced to move in its closing position. It is depending on the force balance between the force on the valve needle 20 caused by the actuator unit 36 with the coil 38 and the force on the valve needle 20 caused by the spring 24 whether the valve needle 20 is in its closing position or not.
Figures 2 to 4 show profiles of currents I, I ' through the actuator unit 36 of the injection valve 10 to illustrate the method for monitoring the injection valve 10 and the method for operating the injection valve 10. Furthermore, Figure 4 shows profiles of fluid guantities Q, Q' delivered by the injection valve 10.
The method for monitoring an opening of the injection valve 10 and for operating the injection valve 10 according to an exemplary embodiment comprises the following steps: The actuator unit 36 is actuated by a predetermined voltage signal V which starts at a starting time T_0 (point P0) . A time-dependent profile of the current I through the actuator unit 36 is recorded. The time-dependent profile of the current I is shown in Figure 2. Detailed enlargements of this profile are shown in Figures 3 and 4.
The starting time T_0 is phased with operating conditions given by the combustion engine.
Between the starting time T_0 and a first gradient alteration time T_l (point Pi) a first gradient G_l of the profile of the current I is detected. At the first gradient alteration time T_l the gradient of the recorded profile of the current I changes more than a first given threshold. The first gradient G_l is representative for an energization of the coil 38 between the starting time T_0 and the first gradient alteration time T_l . Between the first gradient alteration time T_l and a second gradient alteration time T_2 (point P2) a second gradient G_2 of the profile of the current I is detected. At the second gradient alteration time T_2 the gradient of the recorded profile of the current I changes more than a second given threshold. The second gradient G_2 is representative for a movement of the armature 22 prior to engage the valve needle 20. At the second gradient alteration time T_2 the gradient of the recorded profile of the current I changes again. The second gradient alteration time T_2 is representative for an engagement of the armature 22 with the valve needle 20 and a start of an opening movement of the valve needle 20.
Between the second gradient alteration time T_2 and a third gradient alteration time T_3 (point P3) a third gradient G_3 of the profile of the current I is detected. At the third gradient alteration time T_3 the gradient of the recorded profile of the current I changes more than a third given threshold. The third gradient G_3 is representative for a common movement of the armature 22 and the valve needle 20. The third gradient alteration time T_3 is representative for a complete opening of the valve needle 20 at its maximum lift position. After the third gradient alteration time T_3 a fourth gradient G_4 of the profile of the current I is detected.
The method allows identifying the different positions of the armature 22 or common positions of the armature 22 and the valve needle 20. Due to this method it is possible for an injection valve 10 to exactly detect the movement of the armature 22 and the movement of the armature 22 combined with the valve needle 20. In particular, it is possible to detect the exact beginning and end of each individual movement of the armature 22 and the valve needle 20 by the gradient changes of the current profile. In the case of an aged injection valve 10 the drift shows a delay of the time T_l ' (point Pi'), which is representative for the beginning of the movement of the armature 22. This delayed initial movement of the armature 22 introduces a delay of the movement of the needle 20 (point P2' at the time T_2 ' ) . By this the fluid quantity Q' delivered by the aged injection valve 10 with the time drift may be smaller than the original fluid quantity Q of the original injection valve 10 as shown in Figure 4.
The drifts may be used to generate a diagnostic which, in turn, may be used for compensating for the reduced fluid quantity Q' of the injection valve (10) . For example, the diagnostic value may be used for adjusting the voltage signal V, in particular at least one of the starting time T_0, the shape, and the duration of the voltage signal V. Figure 5 shows a flowchart to illustrate a further embodiment of the method for operating the injection valve 10. The method comprises the following steps:
In a first step S10 the actuator unit 36 is actuated by the predetermined voltage signal V starting at the starting time T_0 relative to a given crank shaft angle of the internal combustion engine. The time-dependent profile of the current I for the actuator unit 36 is recorded.
In a further step S12 the first gradient G_l of the recorded profile of the current I which is representative for an energization of the coil 38 and the first gradient alteration time T_l where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current I changes are detected.
In a further step S14 the second gradient G_2 of the profile of the current I which is representative for a movement of the armature 22 separate from the valve needle 20 and the second gradient alteration time T_2 are detected.
In a further step S16 time differences between the starting time T_0 and the first gradient alteration time T_l and/or between the starting time T_0 and the second gradient alteration time T_2 are calculated. Furthermore, it is checked and verified if compensation is necessary by adapting the voltage signal V. If the time differences between the starting time T_0 and the first gradient alteration time T_l and/or the starting time T_0 and the second gradient alteration time T_2 exceed given values the drift of the points Pi, P2 may be compensated. An electronic control unit ECU may calculate the difference from the original data and may compensate the drift (step S18) . In one embodiment of the method for operating the injection valve an assignment rule for determining the signal duration time T_SIG of the voltage signal V is adjusted dependent from the time difference between the starting time T_0 and the first gradient alteration time T_l and/or the starting time T_0 and the second gradient alteration time T_2. In a further embodiment of the method for operating the injection valve 10 an assignment rule for determining a phase shift of the voltage signal V relative to the given crank shaft angle is adjusted so that a drift in particular of the first gradient alteration time T_l and/or the second gradient alteration time T_2 may be compensated. By this the injection time may be adapted during a ballistic operating condition of the injection valve 10. By this, a corrected guantity Q of fluid may be delivered. If the time difference between the starting time T_0 and the first gradient alteration time T_l and the time difference between the starting time T_0 and the second gradient alteration time T_2 does not exceed given values the previous data are used (step 20) . Changes of the times T_l, T_2 and T_3 due to variable operating conditions or due to lifetime performance degradation are detectable and a specific algorithm could be applied to compensate the drift of the injection valve 10 or to reduce a variability between different cylinders of the combustion engine. A software program may modify injection parameters to compensate the drift and keep constant the delivered fuel guantity during the lifetime of the injection valve 10. By this method it is possible to obtain a minimum of the lowest controllable and deliverable fuel guantity including a predictable ballistic operating condition of the injection valve 10 after the second gradient alteration time T_2.
The invention is not limited to specific embodiments by the description on the basis of said exemplary embodiments but comprises any combination of elements of different embodiments. Moreover, the invention comprises any combination of claims and any combination of features disclosed by the claims.

Claims

Claims
1. Method for operating an injection valve (10), the injection valve (10) comprising a valve body (14) with a cavity (18) comprising a fluid outlet portion (40), a valve needle (20) movable in the cavity (18) and preventing a fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion (40) in a closing position and releasing the fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion (40) in further positions, and an actuator unit (36) with a coil (38) and an armature (22), the armature (22) being movable in the cavity (18) and being designed to actuate the valve needle (20),
the method comprising the following steps:
- actuating the actuator unit (36) by means of a predetermined voltage signal (V) starting at a given starting time (T_0), - recording a time-dependent profile of a current (I) through the actuator unit (36),
- based on the recorded profile of the current (I) and starting from the starting time (T_0) detecting a first gradient alteration time (T_l) where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current (I) changes more than a first given threshold, the gradient between the starting time (T_0) and the first gradient alteration time (T_l) being representative for the energization of the coil (38) ,
- based on the recorded profile of the current (I) and starting from the first gradient alteration time (T_l) detecting a second gradient alteration time (T_2) where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current (I) changes more than a second given threshold, the gradient between the first gradient alteration time (T_l) and the second gradient alteration time (T_2) being representative for a movement of the armature (22) alone,
- based on the recorded profile of the current (I) and starting from the second gradient alteration time (T_2) a third gradient alteration time (T_3) is detected where the gradient of the recorded profile of the current (I) changes more than a third given threshold, the gradient between the second gradient alteration time (T_2) and the third gradient alteration time
(T_3) being representative for a common movement of the armature
(22) and the valve needle (20), and
- dependent from the first gradient alteration time (T_l) and/or the second gradient alteration time (T_2) and dependent from the third gradient alteration time (T_3), determining a diagnostic value, and
- using the diagnostic value for compensating a long-term drift of the injection valve (10) .
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic value is determined dependent from the time difference between the starting time (T_0) and the first gradient alteration time (T_l) and/or the time difference between the starting time (T_0) and the second gradient alteration time (T_2).
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diagnostic value is determined dependent from the time difference between the starting time (T_0) and the third gradient alteration time (T_3) .
4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the injection valve (10) is an injection valve (10) of an internal combustion engine and wherein, for a first injection process, the starting time (T_0) is given relative to a given crank shaft angle of the internal combustion engine and the diagnostic value is used for adjusting an assignment rule for determining a signal duration time (T_SIG) of the voltage signal (V) for at least one further injection process.
5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the assignment rule for determining the signal duration time (T_SIG) of the voltage signal (V) is adjusted dependent from the time difference between the starting time (T_0) and the first gradient alteration time (T_l) and/or the time difference between the starting time (T_0) and the second gradient alteration time (T_2) .
6. Method according to claim 4, wherein dependent from the first gradient alteration time (T_l) and/or the second gradient alteration time (T_2) an assignment rule for determining a phase shift of the voltage signal (V) relative to the given crank shaft angle is adjusted for at least one further injection process.
7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the injection valve (10) is an injection valve (10) of an internal combustion engine and wherein, for a first injection process, the starting time (T_0) is given relative to a given crank shaft angle of the internal combustion engine and the diagnostic value is used for adjusting an assignment rule for determining a phase shift of the voltage signal (V) relative to the given crank shaft angle for at least one further injection process.
8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the assignment rule for determining the time shift of the voltage signal (V) relative to the given crank shaft angle is adjusted dependent from the time difference between the starting time (T_0) and the first gradient alteration time (T_l) and/or the time difference between the starting time (T_0) and the second gradient alteration time (T_2) .
PCT/EP2013/059624 2012-05-10 2013-05-08 Method for monitoring an injection valve WO2013167675A1 (en)

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CN201380024394.8A CN104271928B (en) 2012-05-10 2013-05-08 Method for monitoring an injection valve
EP13721747.7A EP2850307B1 (en) 2012-05-10 2013-05-08 Method for monitoring an injection valve
KR1020147032582A KR20150018519A (en) 2012-05-10 2013-05-08 Method for monitoring an injection valve
US14/399,227 US9482196B2 (en) 2012-05-10 2013-05-08 Method for monitoring an injection valve, and method for operating an injection valve

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US20150108238A1 (en) 2015-04-23
EP2850307B1 (en) 2016-10-19
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EP2850307A1 (en) 2015-03-25
US9482196B2 (en) 2016-11-01
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CN104271928A (en) 2015-01-07
CN104271928B (en) 2017-01-18

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