WO2013157307A1 - Podomètre - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2013157307A1
WO2013157307A1 PCT/JP2013/055313 JP2013055313W WO2013157307A1 WO 2013157307 A1 WO2013157307 A1 WO 2013157307A1 JP 2013055313 W JP2013055313 W JP 2013055313W WO 2013157307 A1 WO2013157307 A1 WO 2013157307A1
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Prior art keywords
walking
function
section
linear function
pedometer
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PCT/JP2013/055313
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
徳男 江村
Original Assignee
Emura Tokuo
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Priority claimed from JP2012110021A external-priority patent/JP5237482B1/ja
Priority claimed from JP2012158085A external-priority patent/JP5180396B1/ja
Priority claimed from JP2013021976A external-priority patent/JP5249476B1/ja
Priority claimed from JP2013030647A external-priority patent/JP5291261B1/ja
Application filed by Emura Tokuo filed Critical Emura Tokuo
Publication of WO2013157307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013157307A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C22/00—Measuring distance traversed on the ground by vehicles, persons, animals or other moving solid bodies, e.g. using odometers, using pedometers
    • G01C22/006—Pedometers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1118—Determining activity level

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pedometer that measures the number of steps during walking and provides walking-related information such as walking speed, walking distance, exercise intensity, calorie consumption, or fat burning amount together with the number of steps.
  • the principle of the step count measurement of the pedometer is a pendulum type or an acceleration sensor type.
  • functions there are pedometers that only measure the basic number of steps, or pedometers that calculate walking related information together with the measurement of steps.
  • pedometers that with additional functions are commercially available.
  • the calorie consumption or the amount of fat burning is useful information for users who use the pedometer for health management.
  • no standard is defined for the walking related information like the number of steps.
  • the accuracy cannot be predicted at present.
  • the inventor of the present application has been walking (hereinafter, walking is used as a synonym) for daily health improvement.
  • Carry your pedometer with basic data on walking distance and walking time (hereinafter these two quantities are called primitive data), walking-related information such as the number of steps, calories burned, and fat burning provided by the pedometer.
  • primitive data walking-related information such as the number of steps, calories burned, and fat burning provided by the pedometer.
  • “life activity” performed in daily life is also regarded as physical activity.
  • the intensity of physical activity ie, exercise intensity, is expressed in units of mets, and this value corresponds to a multiple of rest (1 mets). For example, normal walking is 3 mets.
  • the exercise (Ex) is a unit representing the amount of physical activity, and is obtained by multiplying the exercise intensity (Mets) of the physical activity by the execution time (hour) of the physical activity. Exercise for 3 minutes of physical activity at 3Mets is 1.5Ex.
  • the portion of 1.05 ⁇ weight corresponds to the basal metabolic rate per hour. In some cases, 1.05 is roughly 1.
  • exercise intensity ⁇ execution time is directly multiplied by weight.
  • required by the well-known calculation formula from height, weight, sex, and age may be used. Below, it demonstrates using Numerical formula 1 multiplied by 1.05.
  • the unit of energy consumption is kcal, and is expressed as calorie consumption below.
  • the calorie consumption necessary for burning 1 g of fat is 7.2 kcal (may be approximately 7 kcal), and the fat burning amount can be calculated from the calorie consumption.
  • pedometers are broadly divided into pendulum type and acceleration sensor type, and provided walking related information is limited to walking distance and calorie consumption, walking distance, walking time, walking speed, exercise intensity, exercise, calorie consumption, Or abundant fat burning amount, etc. Furthermore, as an additional function, memory of walking data (for example, for one week) is possible, walking data display is diverse with numerical display or graph display, with many types of data communication functions, etc. Is commercially available. The more walking-related information or additional functions, the more complicated the structure and the higher the price. A simple structure pedometer with no additional functions and limited walking-related information is inexpensive. In addition, activity meters for daily activities based on pedometer functions (deskwork and other household tasks) and mobile devices such as mobile phones with built-in pedometer functions are beginning to become popular. .
  • an error is defined by JIS for the step count measurement value of the pedometer. Because it is a low-priced product, there are no errors and lack of accuracy. However, there is no compliant standard for walking-related information, and the accuracy of the calorie consumption that is of particular interest is completely unpredictable.
  • the main function of the pedometer is to measure the number of steps more accurately, and it does not directly detect the walking speed. It can be easily understood that the walking speed increases as the number of steps measured per unit time increases, and decreases as the number of steps measured decreases. However, it seems that it is not easy to find the walking speed accurately. In fact, as the survey progressed, it turned out that how to accurately determine the walking speed, which is the basis for calculating calories burned, was an important technique. Further, as a result of the investigation, it has been found that the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 described below have some problems.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-133826 calculates a step length during walking from a set height and a walking pitch that is a step count measurement value per unit time, and uses this step length to calculate a walking speed by a step length ⁇ walking pitch. It is disclosed.
  • the calorie consumption calculation is based on a kinetic energy formula known in physics, and a technique is disclosed in which walking speed is applied to the speed term of this formula.
  • Patent Document 2 there is a method of calculating the walking speed from the walking pitch and height (equation (3) of the same document), and a method of calculating the exercise load from the walking speed and weight (equation (4) of the same document). It is disclosed.
  • the former walking speed calculation method does not take into account the pitch range in which the change in the stride is small with respect to the change in the walking pitch, which will be described later. As a result, there is a problem that an accurate walking speed is not required.
  • the reason for not being considered is that the calculation formula of walking speed is given by the same calculation formula throughout the walking pitch range, and that the correction coefficient is also changed and calculated in the walking pitch range. None of them.
  • the amount of exercise load based on the latter kinetic energy is considered to be an amount corresponding to calorie consumption. Since it is an amount calculated from the walking speed lacking the accuracy described above, the exercise load also has a problem of lacking accuracy.
  • Japanese Patent No. 3734429 (Claim 1, Claim 2)
  • Japanese Patent No. 3916228 (Formula (3), Formula (4)) JP 2009-279239 A (paragraphs 0023 and 0024)
  • the present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems described above.
  • the subject of the present invention is the walking speed, walking distance, exercise intensity calculated from the measured number of steps and the height or weight of the set pedometer user regardless of the principle of the pendulum type or acceleration sensor type pedometer Or to provide pedometer technology with accurate walking-related information such as calories burned, or pedometer with practical accuracy and simple structure and economically cheap. is there. The practical accuracy will be described later.
  • the pedometer according to the present invention adopts the following characteristic configuration for the calculation of walking speed and exercise intensity, and the walking distance and consumption based on the calculated walking speed or exercise intensity. Calories and the like are calculated and displayed together with the number of steps.
  • the walking speed calculation configuration according to claim 1 is measured by the setting means for setting the height of the pedometer user, the step count measuring means for measuring the number of steps when the pedometer user walks, and the step count measuring means.
  • a characteristic piecewise linear function relating to the walking pitch that defines the walking characteristics and a function obtained by multiplying the characteristic piecewise linear function by the walking pitch is a characteristic piecewise quadratic function, and the correction function includes a plurality of sections of the characteristic piecewise linear function.
  • the characteristic segmentation linear function that defines the walking characteristics and the characteristic segmentation quadratic function based on this it is possible to simplify the calculation formula of the walking speed most easily, or to calculate the walking speed most easily, or The walking speed can be calculated more easily, or can be used as it is without simplifying the arithmetic expression.
  • the section function is 3, and the walking speed can be calculated relatively easily.
  • the error due to simplification of the arithmetic expression can be reduced according to the degree of simplification.
  • the setting means for setting the height of the pedometer user, the step count measuring means for measuring the number of steps when the pedometer user walks, and the step count measuring means The number of steps per unit time is calculated as the walking pitch, and the walking speed is calculated based on the result obtained by substituting the walking pitch into the correction function formula for the walking pitch and the height set in the setting means. And an arithmetic means. And the parameter which determines the characteristic of the said correction function can be set to the said setting means.
  • a characteristic piecewise linear function relating to the walking pitch that determines the walking characteristics of the pedometer user and a function obtained by multiplying the characteristic piecewise linear function by the walking pitch is a characteristic piecewise quadratic function, and the parameter is such that the correction function is a straight line If determined, the slope and intercept of one regression line obtained by performing regression analysis on the characteristic segmented quadratic function in an interval including at least one of the plurality of intervals of the characteristic segmented linear function, or When the correction function is defined as a piecewise linear function, regression analysis is performed on the characteristic piecewise quadratic function for each subdivision section obtained by dividing a section including at least one of the plurality of sections of the characteristic piecewise linear function into a plurality of sections.
  • the characteristic piecewise linear function is any one of the slope and intercept of the straight line for each section, and the sectioning point with the adjacent section, and the characteristic piecewise linear function uses the pedometer
  • a change in the ratio of the stride height to the person's walking pitch is a piecewise linear function expressed by a linear function related to the walking pitch for each section divided into a plurality according to the change
  • the correction function is the characteristic classification quadratic In the case of a function, the number of sections divided into a plurality according to the change of the characteristic piecewise linear function is three.
  • the walking characteristic value of the pedometer user can be set as a parameter. Furthermore, when the correction function for calculating the walking speed is the simplest straight line, the walking speed can be calculated most easily, or when the correction function is a simpler piecewise linear function, the walking speed is more easily calculated. When it can be calculated or becomes a quadratic function of characteristic division without being simplified, the division function is 3, and the walking speed can be calculated relatively easily. Since the walking characteristic value of the pedometer user can be set as a parameter, there is no error due to the deviation of the walking characteristic, and the walking speed can be accurately obtained within the error due to simplification of the arithmetic expression. This will be described later together with a method of setting a pedometer user's walking characteristic value as a parameter.
  • the calculation means further calculates a result obtained by substituting the walking speed into an expression of an exercise intensity function relating to the walking speed as an exercise intensity.
  • the exercise intensity function is a function obtained by performing the first operation or the second operation on the current piecewise linear function in which the relationship of the exercise intensity to the walking speed is expressed, and the first operation is: An operation of replacing the current piecewise linear function section with a new new piecewise linear function comprising a plurality of regression lines obtained by performing regression analysis on the current piecewise linear function for each section divided into a plurality of sections including at least one.
  • the second operation includes a continuous section of the current piecewise linear function or the new piecewise linear function, and when the slope of the linear function in the continuous section is gradually non-decreasing, the continuous section of the linear function is Replaced with a new one section as the maximum value function for selecting the maximum value of the function value, and replaced with a new single section as the minimum value function for selecting the minimum value of the function value when gradually increasing, But Time, wherein the subtracting from the continuous sections one section is an operation of repeating the second operation to become impossible replacement.
  • the calculation formula for the exercise intensity representing the relationship between the walking speed and the exercise intensity is simplified according to the request for accuracy, or the calculation process by the second operation is simplified. Can be made. If accuracy is required, it is desirable to limit the first operation. Further, no error occurs in the second operation.
  • the exercise intensity is calculated by applying the obtained walking speed to the exercise intensity function obtained by replacing the first or second operation. Since the calculation result of exercise intensity includes a calculation error of walking speed, it is necessary to verify the total error. Details will be described later.
  • the walking speed calculation configuration according to Item 2 further includes the following characteristic configuration. That is, the calculation means further calculates a result obtained by substituting the walking speed into an expression of an exercise intensity function relating to the walking speed, and multiplies the walking speed and the exercise intensity by a walking time to calculate a walking distance.
  • the exercise intensity function is a function obtained by performing the first operation or the second operation on the current piecewise linear function in which the relationship of the exercise intensity to the walking speed is expressed, and the first operation is: An operation of replacing the current piecewise linear function section with a new new piecewise linear function comprising a plurality of regression lines obtained by performing regression analysis on the current piecewise linear function for each section divided into a plurality of sections including at least one.
  • the second operation includes a continuous section of the current piecewise linear function or the new piecewise linear function, and when the slope of the linear function in the continuous section is gradually non-decreasing, the continuous section of the linear function is Replaced with a new one section as the maximum value function for selecting the maximum value of the function value, and replaced with a new single section as the minimum value function for selecting the minimum value of the function value when gradually increasing, But Time, wherein the subtracting from the continuous sections one section is an operation of repeating the second operation to become impossible replacement.
  • the basal metabolic rate is set in addition to the height set in the setting means, the weight value set in the setting means, or a value obtained by multiplying the weight by a factor of 1.05, or further set in the setting means. It is one of a value calculated from sex, age, and height and weight.
  • the exercise intensity according to the required accuracy can be calculated from the obtained walking speed.
  • the walking distance, calorie consumption, and the like are calculated from these two quantities, and walking related information such as walking speed, walking distance, exercise intensity, or calorie consumption can be displayed together with the number of steps.
  • the accuracy of these two quantities is directly reflected in the value of the walking related information.
  • walking speed, exercise intensity, and other walking related information can be obtained with desired accuracy as follows.
  • the walking characteristics in the intermediate pitch interval, the lower pitch interval and the upper pitch interval in which the step change is reduced can be expressed by a piecewise linear function.
  • the walking speed can be obtained more easily by calculating the walking speed calculated based on the piecewise linear function with a regression analysis while maintaining practical accuracy.
  • the relationship of exercise intensity to walking speed is expressed as a piecewise linear function based on known numerical values, and this is simplified by maintaining the practical accuracy by regression analysis. I can do it.
  • Simplification can be made depending on the degree of accuracy required.
  • the original piecewise linear function can be used as it is without simplification.
  • there is no error due to simplification of the arithmetic expression and naturally the accuracy is superior to the simplified arithmetic expression.
  • the configuration in which the walking characteristics can be set has a greater accuracy because the walking characteristics of the pedometer user are directly reflected than the configuration in which the walking characteristics are fixed to the representative value.
  • FIG. 1 is a data and graph showing the relationship between walking speed and exercise intensity.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph and data representing the results of the walking experiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the pedometer in the embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the importance of the present invention is how to determine the walking speed from the measured number of steps and the exercise intensity that matches the ⁇ Exercise Guide 2006> or other known values from the walking speed with accuracy or practical accuracy. This technique will be described in detail from the latter exercise intensity. Before we elaborate, we refer to practical accuracy.
  • the error in the number of steps measured by the pedometer is defined as ⁇ 3% in the JIS standard.
  • ⁇ 3% in the JIS standard Within the response range of the pedometer (described later), an accurate step value within the standard error can be obtained without being substantially affected by the walking characteristics (how to walk) of the pedometer user.
  • the walking related information is greatly influenced by the walking characteristics related to the body data such as the height or weight of the pedometer user, the stride or the walking pitch, it is not easy to define an error in the standard.
  • walking-related information that does not conform to standards such as calories consumed provided with the number of steps is a calculation method originally developed by the pedometer manufacturer, and is far from known numbers. It is.
  • Pedometer users should believe and use gait-related information to generally match known values. Therefore, the accuracy of walking related information alone according to the calculation method of the present invention, which does not include a step count measurement error ( ⁇ 3%), is set to an error of about ⁇ 5 to 10%.
  • the reference value for evaluating this error is a value based on a function derived by the present invention based on a known numerical value. In the present invention, this error is referred to as practical error or practical accuracy.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 shows exercise intensity, that is, Met's value for various physical activities. The following data are shown for walking motion. This mets value is a value including one mets at rest.
  • Non-patent document 1 has been recently revised.
  • revised data the following data (referred to as revised data) of Non-Patent Document 2, which is a revised version of Non-Patent Document 1, is used as a basis for the relationship between walking speed and exercise intensity of the present invention.
  • the data of ⁇ Exercise Guide 2006>, the data of Non-Patent Document 1, and the data of Non-Patent Document 2 are well-known data published by an authoritative public institution and are sufficient for the basis.
  • the Mets value of the revised data is also a value including one Mets at rest.
  • the Mets value of the revised data has been revised upward by 0.3 / 0 / 0.2 / 0.5 / 0 / 0.7 / 0.3 Mets in order from the slower speed from the Mets value before the revision. .
  • the Mets value increases by a maximum of 0.5 / 3.8 ⁇ 13% with respect to the walking speed.
  • the problem of the excessive display of the calorie consumption of the pedometer and the problem of the prior art found in the patent literature survey described above based on the contents of the ⁇ Exercise Guide 2006> Will not be resolved.
  • FIG. 1 is a so-called piecewise linear function in which the horizontal axis is walking speed (km / hour), the vertical axis is exercise intensity (mets), and the revised data is plotted and connected by a straight line.
  • the relationship between walking speed and exercise intensity is considered to be close to a quadratic function piecewise.
  • determining this function and determining the exercise intensity is too complicated. Therefore, this continuous piecewise linear function is used as a basic (reference) function representing the relationship between walking speed and exercise intensity according to the present invention.
  • the number of sections is not small. Therefore, it is considered that there is no problem in practical use of this piecewise linear function.
  • the reason why “continuous” is given above is to distinguish it from a discontinuous piecewise linear function described later.
  • the exercise intensity can be obtained with accuracy, which is one of the problems of the present invention. Specifically, it is first determined which of the six sections the walking speed is in. Then, the exercise intensity is obtained by substituting the walking speed into the equation of the straight line (linear function) of the section.
  • This ordinary calculation procedure requires the same number of six straight lines as a section and a maximum of three section determinations. Obviously, the procedure becomes simpler if the number of intervals is reduced.
  • Another problem of the present invention is that it has practical accuracy, has a simple structure, and is economically inexpensive. Simplification of the procedure, in other words, simplification of the operation structure is an effective means for solving the latter problem.
  • the section determination is a complicated process in which the branched path is reached to the target section while comparing the walking speed.
  • the process is simplified by reducing the number of interval judgments.
  • a continuous piecewise linear function shows a concave characteristic in a continuous section if the slope of the straight line for each section is gradually non-decreasing, and shows a convex characteristic if the slope is non-increasing gradually.
  • a function that selects the maximum value of the linear expression value for each interval in the present invention, the maximum value function and Can be used).
  • a function for selecting the minimum value of the linear expression for each section (referred to as a minimum value function in the present invention) can be used. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform further section determination in continuous sections. This is likely to be easily understood and will not be described in detail.
  • the six speed sections in FIG. 1 are referred to as a first section, a second section,.
  • the piecewise linear function of FIG. 1 has a concave characteristic from the first section to the third section, a concave characteristic from the fourth section to the fifth section, and the sixth section may be treated as a concave characteristic or a convex characteristic for convenience. good.
  • the first section to the second section are concave characteristics
  • the third section to the fourth section are convex characteristics
  • the fifth section to the sixth section are convex characteristics.
  • the number of section determinations is two, and the maximum value function or the minimum value function can be used depending on the characteristics. This calculation for determining the exercise intensity is simpler than a normal calculation procedure without error. Next, a method for further simplifying the procedure will be described although an error occurs by reducing the number of sections.
  • a method of combining two or more consecutive sections into one section to make a new section, or walking speed regardless of the original six sections There is also a method of creating a new section by dividing a part or all of the section into several sections.
  • a method of obtaining a regression line by performing a regression analysis by a known least square method is simple and clear. A specific method will be described in detail below.
  • a regression line can be obtained analytically by regression analysis using the least squares method in that section.
  • a description will be given of two consecutive equally spaced intervals (v1, v2) and (v2, v3).
  • the slope and intercept of the straight line in each section be (a1, b1) and (a2, b2).
  • the slope and intercept ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) of one regression line obtained by performing the regression analysis in a single section (v1, v3) are obtained as solutions of the following binary simultaneous linear equations. Omit proof.
  • A, B, C, and D are as follows.
  • A v1 ⁇ v1 + v1 ⁇ v2 + v2 ⁇ v2
  • D v2 + v3
  • the section put together into 1 is expressed as the 1st 2nd section, for example.
  • the slope and intercept of the regression line in the third to fourth intervals are (0.9375, ⁇ 0.975).
  • this approximate value (0.94, ⁇ 0.98) is used and compared with the value of the original linear equation, it can be confirmed that the error is less than 1%, and there is no problem as a practical error.
  • the regression line in the third to fourth section becomes discontinuous at the boundary between the adjacent second and fifth sections, and the five straight lines in the five sections become discontinuous piecewise linear functions. Since the error at the discontinuity is less than 1%, it can be regarded as a piecewise linear function continuous in five sections. Furthermore, since the slopes of the straight lines in the first section, the second section, the third ⁇ 4 section, and the fifth section are gradually increasing (gradual non-decreasing), the function is regarded as a concave characteristic in these four sections. I can do it. Then, using the concave characteristic, it is possible to use the maximum value function without further section determination in these four sections.
  • the exercise speed is obtained by substituting the walking speed into the straight line expression of the sixth section. Otherwise, the walking speed is substituted into the straight line expressions of the first section, the second section, the third base 4 section, and the fifth section, and the maximum value thereof is obtained as the exercise intensity.
  • branch determination is performed faithfully for these four sections, and substitution calculation is performed using the linear expression of the section that has been reached. The determination of which method to select will be encountered during program design, for example.
  • the above method is a simplified calculation method with an error of less than 1% compared to the ordinary procedure described above. Although the error slightly increases, a simplified calculation method will be described below. This method is a calculation method in which the number of sections is further reduced and section determination is unnecessary.
  • the first section and the second section in FIG. 1 are combined into one, and the fifth section and the sixth section are combined into one.
  • the slope and intercept of the regression line in section 1 ⁇ 2 are (0.4375, 1.325) ⁇ (0.44, 1.33), and the slope and intercept of the regression line in section 5 ⁇ 6 are (2.0625). , ⁇ 8.025) ⁇ (2.06, ⁇ 8.03).
  • the slope and intercept of the regression line in the third to fourth section are (0.9375, ⁇ 0.975) ⁇ (0.94, ⁇ 0.98).
  • the adjacent regression line becomes discontinuous at the boundary of the new three sections, but the original exercise intensity (3.5 mets) at the discontinuous point (walking speed 4.8 km / h, 6.4 km / h). , 5.0 mets) are (3.532-3.442) /3.5 ⁇ 2.6%, (5.154-5.036) /5.0 ⁇ 2.4%, The error is slight.
  • the slopes of the three regression lines gradually increase. Therefore, a piecewise linear function composed of three regression lines in these three sections is continuous, and is treated as a concave characteristic in the three sections. By doing this, it is possible to obtain the exercise intensity M (Mets) by the following formula 2 using the maximum value function relating to the walking speed V (km / hour) without performing zone determination. When targeting physical activity, subtract 1 Met at rest.
  • the above-described simplified calculation method for obtaining exercise intensity from walking speed is derived from a piecewise linear function based on the present invention based on the revised data of Non-Patent Document 2.
  • This calculation method is a simplified method with practical accuracy, using one or both of the following characteristic processes. This greatly contributes to solving the problems of the present invention.
  • the characteristic process is a process using a maximum value function or a minimum value function according to the characteristics without performing further section determination in the continuous section if it is either a concave characteristic or a convex characteristic in the continuous section.
  • This is a process in which continuous sections are combined into one and replaced with one regression line obtained by regression analysis.
  • the calculation method may be determined by combining these processes in consideration of the tolerance in product design. It goes without saying that this characteristic process can also be applied to exercise intensity calculations such as jogging and running other than walking even if the shape of the piecewise linear function changes.
  • the exercise intensity can be calculated using Equation 2. Furthermore, the exercise can be calculated by multiplying the exercise intensity by the measured walking time. The calorie consumption can be calculated by multiplying this by the basal metabolic rate of 1.05 ⁇ body weight. Then, the fat burning amount can be calculated by dividing this by 7.2. In this way, the walking related information can be calculated so as to be continuous. Accordingly, since the walking speed is the basis of all walking related information, it is understood that how to determine the walking speed accurately or with practical accuracy is the key. The method for calculating the walking speed will be described in detail below.
  • Equation 3 is an arithmetic expression for walking speed.
  • N is the number of steps per unit time (for example, 1 minute), that is, the walking pitch.
  • L is height
  • the walking stride is 0.45 times the known height.
  • 0.45 ⁇ L ⁇ N is a walking distance per unit time, that is, a walking speed.
  • the stride is not always constant, it becomes wider when the pitch goes up and becomes narrower when it goes down. If the stride is set to 0.45 ⁇ L, the walking speed cannot be obtained accurately. If the stride is not corrected by any method, the walking related information lacks accuracy.
  • the stride correction according to the pitch N is performed by multiplying by the correction function f (N), and the walking speed is calculated by Equation 3.
  • Formula 3 does not use 0.45 as it is, but is a general formula using a stride factor S3 representing a magnification with respect to height. The stride factor S3 will be described later.
  • Formula 3 above shows only the form of the walking speed calculation formula without aligning the units, and is different from the actual calculation formula described later in the presence or absence of coefficients.
  • the form of Formula 3 itself is simple, the derivation of the correction function f (N) is not so easy, and the inventor of the present application has derived it from the investigation of related information including patent documents and the results of repeated walking experiments. Is.
  • a fast walk of about 6 km / h corresponds to a pitch of 120 to 130 steps / minute and a stride of a known walking stride of 0.45 ⁇ L (L is height).
  • the normal walking at a speed of about 4 km / h including the walking of daily activities shown as an example above has a pitch of 90 to 100 steps / minute and a step length of about 0.40 ⁇ L.
  • the question is the step length change in the range where the pitch is 90 steps / min or less and in the range where 130 pitches / min or more. It is not necessary to extend the straight line to this range. If it is extended, a large error occurs in the step length calculation from the following points, and it becomes impossible to obtain an accurate walking speed.
  • the stride increases as the pitch is increased, and the walking speed increases in proportion to both the pitch and the stride.
  • the pitch is in the range of 130 steps / minute or more, even if the pitch is increased, the change in the stride is small and the increase is considered to be slight, and the walking speed is mainly increased in proportion to the pitch. This is because it is not easy to keep walking while maintaining a balance between the time required for one walk with a wider stride and a fast pitch.
  • the pitch When the pitch is further increased, the stride becomes narrower and turns into an unnatural sprint for walking, and eventually the stride is recovered and the run begins. Therefore, as long as natural gait as exercise is targeted, it is necessary to set the upper limit of the pitch (for example, a value in the range of 150 to 160 steps / minute) as the response range of the pedometer.
  • the upper limit of the pitch for example, a value in the range of 150 to 160 steps / minute
  • the pitch goes down too much, it will be difficult to say that it is natural walking as an exercise including daily activities. Accordingly, as described above, it may be necessary to set the lower limit of the pitch (for example, a value in the range of 70 to 80 steps / minute) as the response range of the pedometer.
  • the lower limit of the pitch for example, a value in the range of 70 to 80 steps / minute
  • FIG. 2 shows the experimental results and graphs the relationship between the calculated walking pitch and step length.
  • a range with a small increase in stride appears from above about 125 steps / minute, and a range with a small decrease in stride appears from below about 95 steps / minute.
  • N2 steps / minute: lower limit pitch, for example 70 ⁇ N1 ⁇ 80 constant
  • N2 steps / minute: normal walking pitch, for example, 90 ⁇ N2 ⁇ 100 constant
  • N3 steps / minute: fast walking pitch, for example 120 ⁇ N3 ⁇ 130
  • Constant N4 steps / minute: upper limit pitch, for example 150 ⁇ N4 ⁇ 160 constant
  • S2 normal stride factor 0 ⁇ S2 ⁇ 1 constant, for example 0.40
  • S3 Rapid walking stride coefficient 0 ⁇ S3 ⁇ 1 constant
  • 0.45 K1 Downward slope coefficient 0 ⁇ K1 ⁇ 1 constant
  • 0.50 K4 upward slope coefficient 0 ⁇ K4 ⁇ 1 constant
  • 0.50 L N1 and
  • S2 and S3 are magnifications with respect to the height of the stride
  • K1 and K4 are coefficients relating to the slope of the correction function represented by a straight line for each section, which are multiples of the slope of the straight line in the intermediate pitch section described below.
  • the number of steps measured per unit time, that is, the walking pitch is N (steps / minute).
  • the stride correction function f (N) can be given by Equation 4, Equation 5, and Equation 6 by providing three walking pitch sections. This correction function constitutes a continuous piecewise linear function having three intervals. Note that f (N) is normalized by the rapid walking stride S3 ⁇ L.
  • Rapid walking pitch N3 to upper limit pitch N4 (hereinafter referred to as “upper pitch section”)
  • the walking speed can be accurately obtained by applying the correction value f (N) calculated by using the stride correction function of any one of the above formulas 4, 5, or 6 to the formula 3.
  • an object of the present invention is that the walking-related information provided together with the number of steps has practical accuracy, is simple in structure, and is economically inexpensive.
  • a method for solving this problem will be described in detail below by simplifying the calculation method of the walking speed according to Equation 4, Equation 5, Equation 6, and Equation 3.
  • Formula 5 is substituted into Formula 3 for the lower pitch sections N1 and N2.
  • Equation 6 is substituted into Equation 3.
  • S3 ⁇ L ⁇ N (S3-S2) / (N3-N2) (K4 ⁇ N + S3 ⁇ (N3-N2) / (S3-S2) ⁇ K4 ⁇ N3) ⁇ N ⁇ L
  • N and L are the walking pitch (steps / minute) and height (cm)
  • the coefficient k is a coefficient common to the straight lines of the three walking pitch sections
  • the coefficient ki and the constant ci are the straight lines of the three walking pitch sections. It corresponds to the slope and intercept.
  • the method for obtaining the walking speed using Equation 7 first determines the pitch interval. Since there are three sections, a maximum of two determinations are required. Then, a linear expression defined for the pitch section is selected and substitution calculation is performed. At this time, there is multiplication with a coefficient. Next, this result is multiplied by N and L.
  • This method is a normal calculation procedure through a proper process of calculating the walking speed accurately. In the previous exercise intensity calculation, a method for reducing the number of section determinations for a continuous piecewise linear function has been described. In this method, the maximum value function or the minimum value function is used according to the concave characteristic or the convex characteristic in the continuous section. By this method, the number of section determinations can be set to one. However, this alone has little effect on the simplification of the procedure.
  • Equation 7 a regression analysis is performed on a quadratic part obtained by multiplying a primary expression of N by N. If the obtained regression line is replaced with a linear expression, the number of multiplications can be reduced by one. Although the number of multiplications is reduced by one at most, if the approximation error is within a practical error, repeating such a device simplifies the structure of the calculation, and as a result, the problem of the present invention is solved. This will be specifically described below.
  • the quadratic equation (ki ⁇ N + ci) ⁇ N is subjected to regression analysis by the least square method in the interval P to Q.
  • the regression line is obtained analytically, and its slope and intercept are given by the following general formula. Omit proof. Needless to say, the slope and intercept of the regression line are coefficients and constants of the regression equation.
  • the quadratic expressions ki and ci and P and Q of the section may be considered positive values from the examination content.
  • the difference value obtained by subtracting the quadratic equation from the regression equation is maximum (positive value) in the middle of the interval, and is minimum (negative value, twice the maximum value) at both ends of the interval. . Accordingly, since the value of the quadratic expression is increased in the section, the magnitude of the error with respect to the quadratic expression of the difference is the maximum at the lower end (P) of the section and is calculated by the following expression.
  • the error is less than 1%, and there is no problem even if the quadratic equation is replaced with a regression equation. By replacing it, the number of multiplications can be reduced by one. It goes without saying that when the above common number is multiplied to return to the walking speed calculation formula, the coefficients and constants of the three regression equations change, but the error does not change. Further, the three regression lines constitute a piecewise linear function with three pitch sections.
  • the above walking speed calculation method requires the determination of the pitch interval, but the quadratic expression is simplified by the regression equation, and the miscalculation is less than 1%. This is an effective means for solving the problems of the present invention.
  • the method to be described below is a more simplified and excellent walking speed calculation method that does not require the determination of the pitch section, although the error slightly increases.
  • the quadratic part of Equation 7 is a piecewise quadratic function continuous in three pitch sections.
  • the piecewise quadratic function is subjected to regression analysis by the least square method through the pitch interval and is replaced with one regression line.
  • This regression line can also be obtained analytically.
  • the square value of the difference between the slope and the regression line having the intercept as a variable is integrated in the target section, and the variable that minimizes the integral value is determined.
  • the regression line obtained earlier is also obtained by the same method. This time, it will be a little complicated, but the results are shown below. Omit proof.
  • a quadratic expression of the intermediate pitch section is represented by (k2 ⁇ N + c2) ⁇ N.
  • the secondary expression is expressed by the following expression.
  • Quadratic formula of the lower pitch section (K1 ⁇ k2 ⁇ (N ⁇ N2) + k2 ⁇ N2 + c2) ⁇ N
  • Secondary equation of upper pitch section (K4 ⁇ k2 ⁇ (N ⁇ N3) + k2 ⁇ N3 + c2) ⁇ N
  • Regression line formula ⁇ ⁇ N + ⁇
  • the square value of the difference between the quadratic equation and the regression line equation in the pitch interval N1 to N4 is integrated in this interval, and ⁇ and ⁇ giving the minimum value of the integrated value are determined.
  • the functions G1 (X, Y), G2 (X, Y), G3 (X, Y), and G4 (X, Y), and SGM1 and SGM2 are as follows.
  • the regression equation obtained by solving the binary simultaneous linear equations is as follows. The reason for the regression analysis in the two pitch sections is related to the response range of the pedometer in addition to the confirmation of the error tendency. These will be described later. Regression equation regressed through pitch sections 70 to 160: 342 ⁇ N-9174 Regression equation regressed through pitch sections 80-150: 349 N-10094
  • the pitch to be divided into two is set to an intermediate 115 (steps / minute).
  • N1 70 (or 80)
  • N2 95
  • N3 eg 105
  • N4 115
  • S2 0.4
  • S3 0.45
  • K1 0.5
  • K4 1.0 N + 145) ⁇ N.
  • the regression line in the pitch sections 70 (80) to 115 can be determined.
  • a regression line in the pitch sections 115 to 160 (150) can be determined.
  • the determined regression equation is as follows. Regression equation of regression analysis of pitch sections 70-160 with pitch 115 and two-division pitch sections 70-115: 309 ⁇ N-6069 Regression equation for regression analysis in the pitch sections 115 to 160: 352 ⁇ N-10459 Regression equation of regression analysis of pitch sections 80 to 150 with pitch 115 and two divided pitch sections 80 to 115: 323 ⁇ N-7656 Regression equation for regression analysis in pitch interval 115 to 150: 352 ⁇ N-10361
  • pitch section 70-95 (N / 2 + 385/2) ⁇ N Secondary expression of pitch section 95-125: (N + 145) ⁇ N Secondary expression of pitch sections 125 to 160: (N / 2 + 415/2) ⁇ N Regression analysis in the pitch interval 70 to 160: 1 division: 342 ⁇ N-9174 Divided into two: MAX (309, N-6069, 352, N-10459) Regression analysis with pitch interval 80-150: 1 division: 349 ⁇ N-10094 Divided into two: MAX (323 ⁇ N-7656, 352 ⁇ N-10361)
  • the response range of the pedometer Mention the response range of the pedometer.
  • the inventor of the present application has experienced the following with respect to the response performance to the walking pitch of the pendulum and acceleration sensor built in the pedometer.
  • the previous walking experiment when walking at a pitch of 80 or less, or a pitch of 150 or more, there are rare cases where the pedometer has a strange number of steps, so that it can be clearly noticed. That is, it is considered that the sensor is not responding correctly.
  • the walking pitch when walking as a natural physical activity it can be said that the error generated when the arithmetic expression is simplified may be evaluated in the pitch sections 80 to 150.
  • the regression equation for one division in the pitch sections 70 to 160 is sufficiently practical compared to the other because the error is about 2% or less when the pitch is 80 or more. . It is a design trade-off to make the error smaller, in other words, to pursue more practical accuracy, or to simplify the arithmetic structure and make it economically cheaper. Therefore, it can be said that the method of simplifying the calculation structure described above has a great effect of expanding the selection range when the calculation method is examined in product design.
  • the calculation method for obtaining the walking speed from the walking pitch has been described in detail above.
  • the operation using one regression line obtained by regression analysis of a piecewise quadratic function through the pitch interval is the simplest method.
  • a specific calculation formula using a regression formula obtained by regression analysis in the pitch sections 80 to 150 is expressed by the following formula 8.
  • Equation 8 The walking speed V is obtained by Equation 8, and this is applied to Equation 2 to obtain the exercise intensity M.
  • Equations 2 and 8 are simplified arithmetic expressions while maintaining practical errors. This is a simplified arithmetic expression based on two piecewise linear functions derived by the inventors of the present invention through well-known numerical values and sufficient examination.
  • the two piecewise linear functions are the functions that are the basis of the present invention. One defines the relationship between walking speed and exercise intensity, and the other defines the relationship between walking pitch and stride (specifically, stature height ratio).
  • the former piecewise linear function can be applied not only to a specific pedometer user but also to an unspecified number of users.
  • the latter piecewise linear function has several parameters that determine the walking characteristics of the pedometer user in the intermediate pitch section and in the lower and upper pitch sections where the step change is small. By determining the values of these parameters, the shape of the latter piecewise linear function is specifically determined. Then, the stride according to the walking characteristics can be calculated more accurately. As a result, the walking speed can be calculated more accurately. Therefore, in addition to setting the height and weight, more accurate walking related information can be obtained by allowing the pedometer to set a walking characteristic parameter that matches the walking characteristic of the pedometer user.
  • Formula 8 is an arithmetic expression obtained by fixing characteristic parameters to representative numerical values and greatly simplifying the arithmetic structure.
  • This representative value is the following fixed value derived based on commonly used numerical values or the results of walking experiments conducted by the inventors of the present application. These numbers were often used in the above explanations.
  • Lower limit pitch N1 (steps / minute): 70 Normal walking pitch N2 (steps / minute): 95 Rapid walking pitch N3 (steps / minute): 125 Maximum pitch N4 (steps / minute): 160 Normal stride factor S2: 0.40 Rapid walking stride coefficient S3: 0.45 Downward slope coefficient K1: 0.50 Upward slope coefficient K4: 0.50
  • the error that occurs between the walking speed calculated by Equation 8 and the exercise intensity obtained by applying it to Equation 2 is a simple equation.
  • This is a total error that includes both errors due to the conversion (approximation) and the fixation of the walking characteristic parameters. That is, it is an error in the structure of the pedometer when a simplified arithmetic expression is adopted. Then, the accuracy of the walking related information provided by the pedometer, that is, the practical performance is determined. Therefore, verification of this total error is essential.
  • the walking speed of the pedometer user that is, the difference in walking characteristics
  • the walking speed V (km / hour) obtained by Formula 8 using a fixed value is calculated.
  • the error from the exercise intensity M (mets) obtained by applying to 2 is evaluated.
  • the reference value for error evaluation is a function value of a piecewise linear function used as a reference in the present invention.
  • the reference value of the exercise intensity is based on the piecewise linear function shown in FIG.
  • the reference value of the walking speed is an hourly speed converted value based on calculations using Equation 4, Equation 5, Equation 6, and Equation 7 when the walking characteristic parameter is changed.
  • the change of the walking characteristic parameter from the fixed value is as shown in Table 2 below.
  • Table 3 shows the verification results when (N), Table 4 (S), and Table 5 (inclination) are changed from the fixed values to the four sets of values in Table 2 above.
  • These tables show the calculated value of walking speed and the error of this calculated value, and the calculated value of exercise intensity and the error of this calculated value.
  • the error is expressed in% by subtracting the reference value from the calculated value of Equation 8 (or Equation 8 and Equation 2) and dividing the result by the reference value.
  • the first decimal place is rounded off in order to capture the error as an approximate number.
  • the calculated value of exercise intensity includes 1 Mets at rest.
  • the walking speed error is within ⁇ 10%
  • the exercise intensity error is within ⁇ 12% except for some sections 140 to 150 as shown in Table 4.
  • the reason why the error of the exercise intensity is enlarged in this section is considered as follows. As shown in Table 4, the walking speed calculation error that occurs when the parameter S3 changes from 45% to 47% or 43% is as small as 5% to 6%. However, as can be seen from FIG.
  • the above verification is a case where only one type of characteristic parameter is changed.
  • the error when three types are changed at the same time and two parameters of each type are simultaneously changed is also verified.
  • the error of walking speed the result almost the same as the above-mentioned aggregation result was obtained.
  • 36 combinations have an error of ⁇ 10% or less in the sections 80 to 150, and the remaining 28 patterns have an error exceeding ⁇ 10% in some sections 140 to 150.
  • the breakdown of 28 patterns was 14 patterns with errors exceeding ⁇ 10% and ⁇ 12% or less, 8 patterns exceeding ⁇ 12% and ⁇ 15% or less, and 6 combinations exceeding ⁇ 15%.
  • the walking speed calculated by Expression 8 of the present invention and the error (total error) included in the value of exercise intensity calculated by applying the result to Expression 2 were numerically verified in detail. There are two types of verification: only one parameter is changed, and three are changed simultaneously. Comprehensive evaluation of two types of verification results. The following conclusion is obtained except for the six extreme combinations shown above.
  • the walking distance, exercise, calories burned or fat burning amount of walking related information is the walking speed, exercise intensity, measured walking time (the pedometer that provides walking related information generally has a built-in clock function, Can be ignored, accurate time information that can be ignored), weight setting values, constants, etc. are simply multiplied. Therefore, it goes without saying that the error of the walking related information is not different from the above.
  • the numerical verification results using this parameter show that the walking speed is 80 to 140, the error is ⁇ 2% or less, the 80 to 150 is ⁇ 4% or less, and the exercise intensity is 80 to 135, ⁇ 4% or less, 80 It was ⁇ 8% or less at ⁇ 150.
  • the inventor's way of walking is by no means an extremely biased way of walking. I'm not going to say it's a typical way to walk, but, like many others, it's a natural gait. If there is a distribution of walking characteristic parameters, we think that it is not so far from the center of the distribution. Such an error when using the walking characteristic parameter of the present inventor has no problem as described above. From the numerical verification results shown at the end, it is considered that the practicality of the calculation method based on Formula 2 and Formula 8 fixed to the representative value has been sufficiently proved.
  • the pedometer can set a walking characteristic parameter that matches the walking characteristic of the pedometer user.
  • an arithmetic circuit built in the pedometer will have a high capability.
  • the walking speed and exercise intensity are calculated using the normal calculation procedure without simplifying the piecewise linear function determined from the set walking characteristic parameters and without further simplifying the piecewise linear function of exercise intensity. do it. There is no calculation error, and accurate walking related information reflecting the walking characteristics of the pedometer user is obtained.
  • the pedometer user's walking characteristics can be reflected in some way.
  • the walking characteristic of the pedometer user can be reflected with a small burden on an economically inexpensive and general-purpose pedometer that employs a simplified arithmetic expression in which the walking characteristic is fixed to a representative value as in Expression 8.
  • the method is as follows. For example, a walking characteristic parameter determined by walking data obtained by a walking experiment or the like is input to a personal computer or the like in which a program is previously incorporated. Then, the slope and intercept of one regression line are output. These are values that replace the coefficients and constants of the linear expression of N in Equation 8. This value is set as a set value for the pedometer. By doing so, the pedometer reflects the walking characteristics of the pedometer user with a minimum burden.
  • the default value of the set value is set to, for example, the slope and intercept value of the linear expression of N in Formula 8 obtained by fixing to a representative value. And what is necessary is just to enable it to set according to a request
  • the program incorporated in a personal computer or the like is the above-described pedometer user's walking characteristic parameters N2 (normal walking pitch), N3 (fast walking pitch), S2 (normal walking step coefficient), S3 (fast walking step coefficient). , K1 (downward slope coefficient), K4 (upward slope coefficient), and predetermined N1 (lower limit pitch) and N4 (upper limit pitch) as inputs, and the binary of ⁇ and ⁇ described above Calculate the coefficients and constants of simultaneous linear equations. Then, two solutions of this equation are output. These are the slope and intercept of one regression line.
  • Formula 8 is the most simplified walking speed calculation formula of one division.
  • the pedometer has a structure in which a coefficient and a constant of a linear expression of N in Expression 8 can be set, and must have a structure in which a set value can be read and calculated.
  • Formula 9 shows the structure of the arithmetic expression provided in the pedometer. This is the simplest form of multiplying the expression of the linear function by the height L.
  • a coefficient k and a constant c which are parameters that determine the characteristics of the linear expression N in Expression 9, are set values for the pedometer.
  • This set value is the slope and intercept of a regression line calculated by a program relating to a binary simultaneous linear equation of ⁇ and ⁇ incorporated in the above-described personal computer based on the walking characteristic parameter of the pedometer user.
  • N2 100
  • N3 125
  • S2 40%
  • S3 45%
  • K1 33%
  • K4 4%
  • lower limit N1 80
  • upper limit N4 150
  • the handling of k and c such as the number of significant digits and the sign, is a matter to be considered in the design.
  • MIN minimum value function
  • the structure of the arithmetic expression provided in the pedometer is one of the following. Since the slope does not necessarily increase gradually, the maximum value function (MAX) is used when the inclination does not decrease gradually.
  • the slopes and intercepts (k1, c1) and (k2, c2) of the two regression lines, and any of MAX and MIN are parameters that determine the characteristics of the walking speed calculation formula. These are set. Of course, the following three-part arithmetic expression and setting structure may be used.
  • walking speed V (km / h) (MAX (k1 ⁇ N + c1, k2 ⁇ N + c2)) ⁇ L
  • Walking speed V (km / h) (MIN (k1 ⁇ N + c1, k2 ⁇ N + c2)) ⁇ L
  • Three regression lines are obtained by regression analysis of the piecewise quadratic function.
  • the slopes and intercepts of these regression lines can also be obtained by utilizing the program relating to the above-mentioned binary simultaneous linear equations of ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • the slopes of the regression lines are not necessarily non-decreasing gradually or non-gradual increasing in the three sections, and there are several combinations.
  • the calculation method is not as simple as two divisions, and the method of section determination described below will be simple.
  • the division pitches that are the division points of the three divisions are defined as p1 and p2 from below.
  • a regression analysis is performed on the segmented quadratic function in a plurality of divided sections to obtain a plurality of regression lines. These constitute a new piecewise linear function. Then, the walking speed is calculated based on this piecewise linear function.
  • This calculation method can easily generalize the calculation flow in the case of the above three divisions regardless of whether the calculation flow is two divisions or more than three divisions. For example, (k1, c1), p1, (k2, c2), p2, (k3, c3), p3, (k4) are set in order from the lower side, such as the slopes and intercepts of the regression lines, and the division pitches. , C4), p4... Can uniquely determine the new piecewise linear function.
  • these set values are parameters that determine the calculation formula of the walking speed, including the setting order. They are regression line parameters and segment point parameters.
  • the above method is a uniform setting method for all divisions, and can uniformly determine the calculation structure of walking speed. This unified calculation method will be referred to as a step calculation method for the convenience of later explanation. Increasing the number of divisions naturally reduces the error, but it leads to complicated settings, an increase in calculation flow and storage capacity.
  • the characteristic of the stature height ratio with respect to the walking pitch is a characteristic originally defined in three walking pitch sections. Therefore, the division will be about the same as the number of sections.
  • the calculation method of the walking speed and exercise intensity in the pedometer has been described in detail.
  • This calculation method is derived based on two reference piecewise linear functions. Even if the number of sections of these piecewise linear functions and the linear expression in the sections change, it is not limited to pedometers, but also to portable devices such as activity meters and mobile phones, and also to jogging and running, not limited to walking exercises. Needless to say, the calculation method of the present invention can be applied or applied.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the pedometer using the simplified formula 9 and formula 2 described at the end of the present invention. Even in the case where the simplified equations 9 and 2 are used, even in the case where an ordinary calculation procedure is used without simplifying the two piecewise linear functions used as the basis of the present invention, or a part thereof is simplified. Even in this case, an arithmetic circuit corresponding to the required performance is selected. However, in either case, the configuration of FIG. 3 does not change significantly.
  • the unit time for calculating the walking pitch and the calculation cycle for making a round of various calculations will be described. Since the unit of pitch is usually steps / minute, the unit time is also set to 1 minute in the embodiment. There is no problem at other times.
  • MPU microprocessor
  • the required time will be about 100 ms and 200 ms. Therefore, waiting for the unit time of 1 minute when the next step value is obtained causes the MPU to play. Therefore, for example, 1/6 of 10 seconds is set as a calculation cycle, and a predetermined amount of memory is stored for the step value for each calculation cycle in such a manner that the oldest is discarded and the latest is left. Then, the step value before unit time is subtracted from the latest step value in the memory to obtain the step value of unit time in the calculation cycle, that is, the walking pitch. By adopting such a method, the MPU can be used efficiently.
  • the MPU and its peripheral functions for example, a memory unit such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory), an input / output unit, a power supply unit, etc. are not directly related to the pedometer technology according to the present invention. Is not shown.
  • the explanation will proceed with the calculation cycle, memory, etc. in mind.
  • the calculation cycle is 10 seconds. One second would be possible. Although there is little change in the number of steps in 1 second, there is a disadvantage that the amount of memory increases.
  • the display unit that is an interface with the pedometer user the responsiveness is poor in the 10 second period. Therefore, for example, the first 1 second of 10 seconds will be calculated, and the remaining 9 seconds will be processed by the display unit.
  • the blocks numbered 1 to 8 in FIG. 3 will be described below.
  • a personal computer program
  • the walking characteristics parameters are input to the personal computer.
  • the personal computer incorporates a program for outputting k and c, which are regression line parameters corresponding to the slope and intercept of the linear function of Equation 9, (the program relating to the above-mentioned binary simultaneous linear equations of ⁇ and ⁇ ). .
  • the obtained regression line parameters k and c are input to the pedometer as set values. This minimizes the burden on the pedometer and reflects the walking characteristics of the pedometer user.
  • This personal computer is necessary only when the regression line parameter is obtained, and it is desirable to obtain the personal computer prior to the start of use of the pedometer of the embodiment.
  • the regression line parameter it is necessary to prepare in advance, such as collecting gait data and determining gait characteristic parameters, and installing a program on a personal computer. Considering the effort of this preparation, it is desirable that the regression line parameter can be set according to the request of the pedometer user. If not set, for example, the regression line parameter of Equation 8 determined from the representative value of the walking characteristic parameter described above may be used as the default value.
  • This default value is stored in a ROM (not shown) and transferred to the set value storage unit 1 when the pedometer is initialized. And when it is set, it is overwritten. The set value in the set value storage unit 1 is protected by the battery of the pedometer and does not disappear.
  • the step count measurement unit 2 is a step count measurement unit based on walking exercise, which is a basic function of a pedometer. Any step counting means such as a pendulum type or an acceleration sensor type may be used. Using existing technology, it is possible to configure a measurement unit with high accuracy within standard errors.
  • the timer 3 transmits an activation signal every 10 seconds. This activation signal is given to the walking pitch calculation unit 4, and the calculation cycle starts.
  • Various calculation processes shown below are calculation processes in the calculation cycle.
  • the walking pitch calculation unit 4 reads the latest step count data of the step count measurement unit 2 and updates the step count data in such a manner that the oldest step count data is discarded and the latest step count data is left. To do. Then, the data 6 data before (unit time before) is subtracted from the latest data to obtain the unit time step value, that is, the walking pitch N (steps / minute) in the calculation cycle.
  • N ⁇ p1 500
  • the process immediately proceeds to the calculation step, N and k1 are multiplied, c1 is added to this, and the obtained result is multiplied by the input height setting value L in the same part 5 to walk.
  • the speed V is obtained and the calculation is finished.
  • the walking speed V output from the walking speed calculator 5 is input to the exercise intensity calculator 6, and the exercise intensity M (Mets) is calculated according to Equation 2. This will be specifically described.
  • the slopes and intercepts of the linear expressions 0.44 ⁇ V + 1.33, 0.94 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.98, and 2.06 ⁇ V ⁇ 8.03 for the three walking speeds V are stored in the ROM.
  • the value of each primary expression with respect to the walking speed V input to the same unit 6 is calculated. Then, the maximum value of the obtained results is obtained as the exercise intensity M. Subtract 1 from the maximum value for physical activity only.
  • the exercise intensity M which is the output of the exercise intensity calculation unit 6, is input to the calorie consumption calculation unit 7 together with the weight setting value W (kg) of the pedometer user set in the set value storage unit 1.
  • calorie consumption K (kcal) equivalent to one hour is calculated with an implementation time of 1 (hour). More specifically, the exercise intensity M input to the part 7 is multiplied by the basal metabolic rate obtained by multiplying the weight setting value W input to the part 7 by a coefficient 1.05. This is the calorie consumption equivalent to one hour.
  • the reason for setting the value to 1 hour is that it is not necessary to change the calculation in the same part 7 even if the calculation period is changed in design, as will be described below.
  • the factor of 1.05 is an approximate number, or sex and age can be set in addition to height and weight. Basal metabolism can also be used.
  • the walking speed V in the walking speed calculation unit 5 and the calorie consumption K in the calorie consumption calculation unit 7 obtained in the calculation cycle are input to the calculation display unit 8.
  • the calorie consumption K is a value corresponding to one hour. Since the walking speed V is also in units of hourly speed, the value of the walking speed V is a distance corresponding to one hour. By multiplying both by the calculation cycle time 1/360 (10 seconds), it is converted into a value in the calculation cycle. Further, in the same section 8, in order to display a walking distance and a cumulative value of calorie consumption, a cumulative calculation is also performed. These conversion calculation and total calculation are performed in common for V and K in the same section 8. The structure is simpler than when the walking speed calculation unit 5 and the calorie consumption calculation unit 7 individually perform conversion calculation and total calculation. In addition, even if the calculation cycle time is changed in design, there is a merit because only the calculation change in the part 8 is required.
  • the walking speed V and the calorie consumption K input to the calculation display unit 8 are updated in such a manner that they are added to each cumulative value before one calculation cycle.
  • the cumulative value of the walking speed V and the calorie consumption K is multiplied by 1/360 to be converted into display data.
  • These display data can be confirmed by the pedometer user via the calculation display unit 8 together with the number of steps as walking related information.
  • the setting value in the setting value storage unit 1 is also input to the same unit 8, and the setting value is confirmed or changed via the same unit 8.
  • the output of the exercise intensity calculation unit 6 is exercise intensity M (Mets). This value is the amount of physical activity per hour, that is, the value of exercise (Ex) itself. By multiplying this by the calculation cycle time 1/360 (10 seconds), it can be converted into a value in the calculation cycle. Further, the display format is a cumulative value. Therefore, if the output of the same unit 6 is directly input to the calculation display unit 8 (dotted arrow next to the figure) and the cumulative calculation and conversion calculation are performed in the same manner as the above walking distance and calorie consumption, exercise is also related to walking. Can be provided as information.
  • the walking speed V and the exercise intensity M input to the part 8 may be handled not only as a cumulative value but also as an original immediate value.
  • the average value or the maximum value can be processed by the same unit 8 and displayed from the same unit 8 without significantly changing the structure.
  • the amount of fat burning can be obtained by simply dividing the calorie consumption by the predetermined value 7.2. Therefore, when displaying this as walking related information, the value of the calorie consumption displayed may be divided by 7.2 and displayed.

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  • Measurement Of Distances Traversed On The Ground (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une technique dans laquelle des informations relatives à la marche fournies par un podomètre, telles que la vitesse de la marche, la distance parcourue, l'intensité de l'exercice et les calories consommées, ont une précision ou une précision pratique et sont fournies par une configuration simple et peu coûteuse. Un changement dans le rapport entre la foulée et la hauteur des pas est saisi par une fonction linéaire segmentée. La relation entre la vitesse de la marche et l'intensité de l'exercice est exprimée comme une fonction linéaire segmentée basée sur une valeur connue. L'expression arithmétique de la vitesse de la marche et de l'intensité de l'exercice dérivée de celle-ci est soumise à une analyse de régression et la droite de régression obtenue est simplifiée. La technique est essentiellement constituée ainsi. Une erreur provoquée par la simplification est transformée par le nombre de sections fractionnées ou analogues. Dans la présente invention, une pluralité de techniques directement utilisables sont utilisées de manière à ce qu'un procédé de calcul correspondant à une tolérance demandée peut être sélectionné. De plus, en vue d'élever la précision, une technique reflétant les caractéristiques de la marche d'un utilisateur de podomètre est décrite. Par la combinaison de ces techniques, un podomètre idéal bon marché et précis peut être fabriqué.
PCT/JP2013/055313 2012-04-20 2013-02-28 Podomètre WO2013157307A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012-110021 2012-04-20
JP2012110021A JP5237482B1 (ja) 2012-04-20 2012-04-20 歩数計
JP2012158085A JP5180396B1 (ja) 2012-06-27 2012-06-27 歩数計
JP2012-158085 2012-06-27
JP2013021976A JP5249476B1 (ja) 2013-02-07 2013-02-07 歩数計
JP2013-021976 2013-02-07
JP2013-030647 2013-02-20
JP2013030647A JP5291261B1 (ja) 2013-02-20 2013-02-20 歩数計

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CN113974568A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-01-28 重庆火后草科技有限公司 基于斜率去干扰的睡眠过程的代谢率的计算方法
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