WO2013152522A1 - 风力发电装置 - Google Patents

风力发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013152522A1
WO2013152522A1 PCT/CN2012/074493 CN2012074493W WO2013152522A1 WO 2013152522 A1 WO2013152522 A1 WO 2013152522A1 CN 2012074493 W CN2012074493 W CN 2012074493W WO 2013152522 A1 WO2013152522 A1 WO 2013152522A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
turbine
wind
vertical
cylinder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/074493
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙立蓉
华希平
郁新华
师小娟
孙昀
陈平保
Original Assignee
Sun Lirong
Hua Xiping
Yu Xinhua
Shi Xiaojuan
Sun Yun
Chen Pingbao
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sun Lirong, Hua Xiping, Yu Xinhua, Shi Xiaojuan, Sun Yun, Chen Pingbao filed Critical Sun Lirong
Priority to US14/391,526 priority Critical patent/US9322393B2/en
Publication of WO2013152522A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013152522A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F03D3/0409—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels surrounding the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/34—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
    • F03D9/35—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures within towers, e.g. using chimney effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F05B2240/132—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines creating a vortex or tornado effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
    • F05B2250/25—Geometry three-dimensional helical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power generating device, and more particularly to a wind power generating device. Background technique
  • China's generator installed capacity is 1 billion KW, of which 77% is coal-fired power, and the annual consumption of coal is 3.1 billion tons.
  • China's new installed capacity is nearly 100 million KW per year, with an investment of 500 billion yuan, and is expected to reach 1.9 billion KW in 2020.
  • the energy consumption will increase by three times in 2050, the installed capacity will be 3 billion KW, and the annual coal demand will be 10 billion tons, which will seriously affect the environment and change the world climate, causing great disasters for centuries.
  • coal-fired power generation To completely replace coal-fired power generation, clean energy must reach the technical level of coal-fired power generation: For example, the minimum installed capacity of coal-fired power generation is 300,000 KW, the effective power generation time is 5,500 hours, the stable 50 Hz, and the investment and production costs should be compatible with coal-fired power. quite.
  • the hydronuclear fusion thermonuclear reaction of the sun the energy of radiation only reaches one part of 200,000, which is equivalent to burning 200 trillion tons of coal per year. It has a utilization time of 6 billion years, which is inexhaustible and inexhaustible.
  • human beings can also master nuclear fusion power generation, which is definitely the direction of development, but it still requires a long development process.
  • the most advanced bright energy company in the United States focuses on solar power CSP, with a total installed capacity of 392MW, an investment of 1.6 billion US dollars, and a power generation investment of 2.95 million yuan / KW, which is five times that of coal power investment.
  • the 800m high tower being built in the United States, 200MW temperature difference power generation, with a total investment of 500 million US dollars, 63,300 yuan / KW, such a tall tower, the general promotion is unrealistic. Solar power generation efficiency is low, and the effective power generation time is only 2,000 hours. Switzerland adopts thin film solar energy to build space power station, which can generate electricity for 24 hours, 1000MW investment of 17 billion US dollars, power generation investment of 120,000 yuan / KW, 22 times of coal power.
  • the wind generated by the earth's temperature difference between day and night, horizontal axis wind power is considered to be the most mature and promising clean energy technology.
  • the invention is based on the original "concentrating wind speed increasing wind power device (application number 201010619068X)) Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generation device, which utilizes inexhaustible wind energy, uses a wind gathering method to form a pumping airflow, generates a tornado, and realizes a large installed capacity at a high wind speed. Wind power, access to cheap clean energy, replace coal-fired power generation.
  • a wind power generation device comprising:
  • the wind tower is mounted on the base and has a radial frame structure, and a cavity is arranged inside and below, and a plurality of air dampers which can only open inward are arranged in the circumferential direction of the cavity wall;
  • a vertical generator disposed at the bottom of the plenum chamber and mounted on the base, the drive shaft extending upward;
  • a vertical spiral turbine mounted above the vertical generator, including the turbine blades disposed above, the inertia wheel disposed below, and the shaft connecting the turbine blades and the inertia wheel, and extending upwardly through the inertia wheel and the vertical generator below the crankshaft
  • the drive shaft drive is connected, and the air outlet of the vertical spiral turbine is upward;
  • the turbine air inlet cylinder is installed on the base of the bottom of the gas gathering chamber and surrounds the vertical generator and the vertical spiral turbine.
  • the middle part is provided with an air inlet communicating with the turbine blades, and the lower part is a vertical generator and a vertical spiral.
  • a lateral support plate is provided between the turbine inertia wheels;
  • the horn-shaped air-splitting cylinder is disposed at a central position in the cavity of the concentrating tower, the upper mouth of the horn-shaped air-splitting cylinder is closedly connected with the upper mouth of the condensing tower, and the lower mouth is integrally connected with the air inlet of the turbine, and is integrated into one body.
  • a typhoon-shaped air cylinder and a turbine air inlet tube and a wind collecting tower form a gathering air passage, and a lower portion of the air collecting duct communicates with an air inlet of the turbine air inlet tube;
  • An umbrella-shaped air extracting cylinder is connected above the horn shaped air cylinder, and comprises a frame structure integrated with the wind collecting tower and at least one hollow conical body disposed in the frame structure, wherein the conical surface of the conical body is provided A plurality of exhaust doors that can only be opened outward, and the bottom edge of the conical body is provided with or without an air outlet or an air outlet in the up and down direction.
  • a spiral wind deflector is disposed in a circumferential direction of the central portion of the air collecting passage.
  • the air inlet of the turbine air inlet tube is provided with an automatic air damper for adjusting the size of the air inlet.
  • the vertical spiral turbine is magnetically suspended by a magnetic levitation mechanism and a turbine inlet.
  • the height of the horn-shaped air-splitting cylinder is larger than the diameter of the upper mouth of the horn-shaped air-splitting cylinder, the lower part of the horn-shaped air-splitting cylinder is provided with a spiral air-guiding plate, and the middle and upper portions are provided with a wing-shaped air guiding plate.
  • the outer wall of the cavity wall of the collecting wind tower is provided with a plurality of air collecting chambers which are surrounded by a vertical wind deflecting plate and a horizontal wind deflecting plate, and a plurality of holes are arranged on the cavity wall in each collecting air chamber.
  • the umbrella-shaped air suction cylinder has a plurality of vertical windshields spaced apart from the outer circumference of the tapered surface, a horizontal windshield is arranged on the bottom surface, an air suction chamber is formed between the adjacent vertical wind shields, and a cone is arranged in each of the ventilation chambers.
  • the magnetic levitation mechanism comprises an axial magnetic levitation mechanism and at least two radial magnetic levitation mechanisms; the axial magnetic levitation mechanism is disposed between the vertical spiral turbine and the lateral support plate of the turbine air inlet cylinder, and the radial magnetic levitation mechanism is respectively disposed at the turbine Between the inner wall of the air cylinder and the turbine impeller; each of the magnetic levitation mechanisms respectively comprises two sets of corresponding magnetic floating components, and the two corresponding magnetic floating components are non-contact inserted into each other and arranged according to the principle of magnetic balance.
  • the upper part of the collecting wind tower is provided with a tapered surface, and the upper part of the collecting air passage is provided with a horn-shaped windshield ring, and the upper mouth of the horn-shaped wind blocking ring is sealedly connected with the cavity wall of the collecting wind tower, the horn The lower opening of the windshield is sealedly connected to the outer wall of the horn shaped air cylinder.
  • the automatic damper includes an upper damper and a lower damper.
  • the upper damper is installed above the air inlet of the turbine air inlet tube, and the lower damper is installed below the air inlet of the turbine air inlet tube, and the upper damper and the lower damper are under the action of the control mechanism.
  • the movement is opposite or backward, and the adjustment of the size of the air inlet is realized, thereby realizing the adjustment of the air volume.
  • the invention adopts a wind collecting tower to collect wind, cooperates with a horn-shaped air-discharging cylinder to wind, and an umbrella-shaped air-sucking cylinder draws air to form an artificial tornado, and generates a low air pressure at the center, which generates a huge pulling force for the worm.
  • This promotes the vertical spiral turbine and drives the vertical generator to generate electricity, achieving a large installed capacity.
  • the wind speed of the turbine inlet duct will increase by more than ten times, which can drive 300M W vertical generator to generate electricity, which can fully reach the level of coal-fired power generation.
  • the investment cost is equivalent to that of coal-fired power generation, but the production cost is greatly reduced, and the production management personnel are also greatly reduced.
  • the device of the invention can save 510,000 tons of standard coal per year, reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.4 million tons, and save 460,000 tons of water.
  • the population is dense, the industry is developed, and the wind energy resources are abundant. The wind power can fully meet the local use, which can greatly reduce the transportation cost of the grid electricity. It is the most effective way to solve human energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional structural view of a first embodiment of a wind power generator according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional structural view of a second embodiment of the wind power generator of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the wind power generation device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bottom portion of Figure 1.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The drawings show two preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.
  • the wind power generation device of the present invention comprises a base 1, a wind tower 2, a vertical generator 3, a vertical spiral turbine 4, a turbine air inlet cylinder 5, and a horn dial
  • the wind tower 2 is mounted on the base 1 and has a radial frame structure.
  • the inside is provided with a cavity that is vertically penetrated.
  • a plurality of vertical windshields 21 and a horizontal wind shield are disposed in the circumferential direction of the cavity wall of the wind tower.
  • the air plenum 23 enclosed by the plate 22 is provided with a plurality of dampers 24 which can be opened only inwardly on the wall of the cavity in each air collecting chamber, and the damper 24 can be opened and closed by a horizontal shaft.
  • the damper can also be a right and left opening and closing damper installed through an inclined shaft.
  • the present invention can also provide a tapered surface 25 on the upper part of the collecting tower 2, and a horn-shaped windshield ring 92 on the upper part of the collecting air passage 9, the upper mouth of the horn-shaped windshield ring and the collecting tower 2
  • the cavity walls are sealed and connected, and the lower opening of the horn-shaped windshield is sealedly connected to the outer wall of the horn-shaped air-splitting cylinder 6.
  • the vertical generator is a vertical turbine generator supplied by the market. It is installed at the bottom of the trap tower and is mounted on the base 1. Its drive shaft extends upwardly to the vertical spiral turbine 4.
  • the vertical spiral turbine 4 is mounted above the vertical generator 3, and includes a turbine blade 41 disposed above, a inertia wheel 42 disposed below, and a crankshaft 43 connecting the turbine blade and the inertia wheel, and the crankshaft 43 passes under the inertia wheel
  • the vertical generator is driven upwardly by a drive shaft 31, and the air outlet of the vertical spiral turbine is upward.
  • the vertical helical turbine is magnetically coupled to the turbine inlet 5 by an axial magnetic levitation mechanism 81 and at least two radial magnetic levitation mechanisms 82.
  • the axial magnetic levitation mechanism 81 is disposed between the vertical spiral turbine 4 and the lateral support plate of the turbine inlet cylinder 5, and the radial magnetic levitation mechanism 82 They are respectively disposed between the inner wall of the turbine inlet 5 and the turbine wheel; each of the magnetic levitation mechanisms respectively comprises two sets of correspondingly arranged magnetic floating components, and the two sets of corresponding magnetic floating components are non-contact inserted into each other and arranged according to the principle of magnetic balance.
  • the spiral turbine is a large-scale equipment.
  • the main shaft of the main shaft can adopt two-stage or multi-stage structure.
  • the shaft adopts the keyway type magnetic gear suction connection method or mechanical connection method.
  • Each shaft adopts radial direction.
  • the magnetic suspension structure, the spiral turbine piece adopts the movable connection method.
  • the turbine inlet cylinder 5 is mounted on the base 1 at the bottom of the collector tower chamber and encloses the vertical generator 3 and the vertical spiral turbine 4, and has an air inlet 51 communicating with the turbine blades in the middle portion and a vertical power generation portion in the lower portion.
  • a transverse support plate 52 is provided between the machine and the vertical helical turbine inertia wheel.
  • An air vent 53 for adjusting the size of the air inlet is provided on the air inlet 51 of the air inlet of the turbine.
  • the automatic damper 53 includes an upper damper and a lower damper, and can adjust the size of the air inlet from the upper and lower directions. Adjust the amount of air intake.
  • the horn shaped air cylinder 6 is disposed at a central position in the cavity of the concentrating tower, the upper mouth of the horn shaped air cylinder is closedly connected with the upper mouth of the condensing tower 2, and the lower mouth is connected with the turbine air inlet tube 5, and is connected
  • An integrated ventilating air duct and a turbine air inlet duct and a condensing tower form a collecting air passage 9, and a lower portion of the air collecting duct 9 communicates with an air inlet 51 of the turbine air inlet duct.
  • a spiral wind deflector 91 is provided circumferentially in the middle of the collecting duct 9.
  • the height of the horn-shaped air-splitting cylinder 6 is larger than the diameter of the upper mouth of the horn-shaped air-splitting cylinder, the lower part of the horn-shaped air-sleeve 6 is provided with a spiral air-guiding plate 61, and the middle and upper parts are provided with a wing-shaped air deflector 62 (see image 3 ).
  • the umbrella air extracting cylinder 7 is connected above the horn shaped air cylinder 6, and comprises a frame structure integrated with the wind collecting tower and at least one hollow conical body 71 disposed in the frame structure, the tapered surface of the conical body There are a plurality of venting doors 72 which can only be opened outwards, and the bottom edge of the conical body is provided with or without an up-and-down venting opening or venting opening 73 (the bottom edge of the first layer of the conical body in Fig. 1 is closed) There is no air outlet or exhaust vent, and the bottom edge of the second and third conical bodies are provided with an air outlet or an air outlet at the upper and lower sides, and the air outlet or the air outlet is the same port.
  • a plurality of vertical windshields 74 are disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the tapered surface of the umbrella-shaped draft tube 7, and a horizontal windshield 75 is disposed on the bottom surface, and a suction chamber 76 is formed between the adjacent vertical windshields, and each of the ventilation chambers
  • Each of the tapered surfaces is provided with a plurality of exhausting doors 72 that can only be opened outwards; the exhausting doors 72 may be upper and lower opening and closing sliding doors installed through a horizontal axis, or may be left and right opening and closing winds installed through the inclined shafts. door.
  • the working principle of the invention is that the natural wind first enters the gathering chamber of the windward side of the wind tower, and opens the welcome
  • the windy damper (the damper on the leeward side automatically closes under its own weight and wind pressure) enters the gathering channel.
  • a positive pressure is formed in the air collecting passage than the natural wind, and the air flow of the air collecting passage enters the air inlet of the turbine air inlet tube under the guidance of the spiral air deflector, thereby driving the turbine blades.
  • the umbrella-shaped air extractor is located at the top of the flared air blower and the wind tower.
  • the invention is a power generating device with a large installed capacity, the height is up to 100 meters, hundreds of meters, the natural wind speed at this height is little affected by the ground, the wind speed has become stable, and the wind speed is much larger than the ground wind of 10 meters height.
  • the high-altitude natural wind enters the umbrella-shaped air extractor along the air outlet under the umbrella-shaped air extractor and gathers upward, forming a high-speed wind on the top surface of each cone.
  • P+0.5 P V2 constant (P gas pressure, p air density, V wind speed).
  • the wind speed increases and the air pressure is inevitably lowered, thereby generating an upward lift and forming a low air pressure.
  • the positive air pressure gathers in the gathering air passage, and the umbrella air suction cylinder and the horn air distribution cylinder combine to form a low air pressure to form a high-speed airflow, which drives the turbine to rotate from two directions, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity.
  • the high-speed rotating tornado reduces the air pressure at the center of rotation, increases the air pressure difference, and creates a larger tornado, which not only causes the rotating center to produce a low vacuum state, but also generates a very large pumping force to drive the spiral in the form of pumping force.
  • Turbine At this time, the air volume adjusting device outside the turbine air inlet cylinder makes the spiral turbine reach the rated speed, and the inertia wheel and the spiral turbine blade are in the maglev state, which will stabilize the spiral turbine operation and ensure the 50Hz grid connection frequency.
  • the generator power will increase by 1000 times and 3000 times, which is enough to achieve the installed capacity of the existing coal-fired power generation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种风力发电装置，包括基座（1）、聚风塔（2）、垂直发电机（3）、垂直螺旋涡轮机（4）、涡轮机进风筒（5）、喇叭形拨风筒（6）和伞形抽风筒（7）。通过采用聚风塔聚风，并配合喇叭形拨风筒拨风以及伞形抽风筒抽风，形成人造龙卷风，并在中心产生低气压，对涡轮机产生巨大的抽拨力，由此推动垂直螺旋涡轮机带动垂直发电机发电。该风力发电装置可实现大装机容量的风力发电。

Description

风力发电装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发电装置， 特别涉及一种风力发电装置。 背景技术
我国目前发电机装机容量 10亿 KW,其中 77%为煤电，年消耗煤 31亿吨。 近几年我国每年新装机容量近 1亿 KW, 投资 5000亿元， 预计 2020年将达到 19亿 KW。 如按目前发展趋势， 2050年能耗将增加三倍， 装机容量 30亿 KW, 年需煤 100亿吨， 将严重影响环境和改变世界气候， 为人类带来巨大灾害。
人类如何解决清洁能源？ 要彻底取代燃煤发电， 清洁能源就必须达到燃煤 发电的技术水平： 如目前燃煤发电最小装机容量为 30万 KW, 有效发电时间 5500小时， 稳定的 50Hz， 投资和生产成本应与煤电相当。
太阳的氢核聚变热核反应，辐射的能量仅有 20万分之一到达地球，相当于 每年燃烧 200万亿吨煤， 足有 60亿年利用时间， 是取之不尽、 用之不竭。如人 类也能掌握核聚变发电， 肯定是发展方向， 但仍需很长的研制过程。 美国目前 最先进的亮源能源公司聚焦太阳能发电 CSP, 总装机容量 392MW, 投资 16亿 美元， 发电投资 2.95万元 /KW, 是煤电投资的 5倍。 美国正在建造的 800m高 塔， 200MW温差发电， 总投资 5亿美元， 6.33万元 /KW, 如此高的塔， 普遍 推广不现实。太阳能发电效率低， 有效发电时间仅 2000小时， 瑞士采用薄膜太 阳能建太空发电站， 能 24小时发电， 1000MW投资 170亿美元， 发电投资 12 万元 /KW, 是煤电 22倍。地球因昼夜温差产生的风， 水平轴风电被认为是技术 最成熟， 最有前景的清洁能源。 如今在世界各政府的大力支助广泛发展的情况 下， 从其发明至今 123年， 发电所占比例仍然很小， 显然存在致命的弱点。 用 风电彻底取代燃煤发电的唯一途径是当人类能自动控制自然风的风能、 风压、 风速、 风向、 风量， 甚至风密度时。
本发明在原"聚风增速风电装置（申请号 201010619068X)的基础上， 有了 发明内容
本发明的目的， 就是为了提供一种风力发电装置， 利用取之不尽、 用之不 竭的风能， 用聚风增速方法， 形成抽拨气流， 生成龙卷风， 以高风速实现大装 机容量的风力发电， 获取廉价的清洁能源， 取代燃煤发电。
本发明的技术方案是： 一种风力发电装置， 其包括：
基座；
聚风塔， 安装在基座上， 为放射状框架结构， 内部设有一个上下贯通的腔 体， 腔体壁的周向设有多个只能向内开启的聚风门；
垂直发电机， 设置在聚风塔腔体内的底部并安装在基座上， 其驱动轴向上 伸出；
垂直螺旋涡轮机， 安装在垂直发电机的上方， 包括设置在上方的涡轮机叶 片、 设置在下方的惯性轮以及连接涡轮机叶片和惯性轮的机轴， 机轴下方穿过 惯性轮与垂直发电机向上伸出的驱动轴传动相连， 垂直螺旋涡轮机的出风口向 上；
涡轮机进风筒， 安装在聚风塔腔体内底部的基座上并将垂直发电机和垂直 螺旋涡轮机围合在内， 中部设有与涡轮机叶片连通的进风口， 下部在垂直发电 机与垂直螺旋涡轮机惯性轮之间设有横向支撑板；
喇叭形拨风筒， 设置在聚风塔腔体内的中心位置， 喇叭形拨风筒的上口与 聚风塔的上口封闭相连， 下口与涡轮机进风筒连成一体， 连成一体的喇叭形拨 风筒和涡轮机进风筒与聚风塔之间形成聚风通道， 聚风通道的下部与涡轮机进 风筒的进风口连通；
伞形抽风筒， 连接在喇叭形拨风筒的上方， 包括与聚风塔连成一体的框架 结构和设置在框架结构内的至少一层中空的圆锥形体， 圆锥形体的锥形面上设 有多个只能向外开启的抽风门， 圆锥形体的底面边缘设有或不设有上下方向的 抽风口或排风口。
所述的聚风通道的中部周向设有螺旋导风板。
所述的涡轮机进风筒的进风口上设有用于调节进风口大小的自动调风门。 所述的垂直螺旋涡轮机通过磁悬浮机构与涡轮机进风筒磁悬浮相连。 所述的喇叭形拨风筒的高度大于喇叭形拨风筒上口的直径， 喇叭形拨风筒 的下部设有螺旋形导风板， 中部和上部设有机翼形导风板。
所述的聚风塔的腔体壁外周向设有多个由垂直挡风板和水平挡风板围合而 成的聚风腔， 各聚风腔内的腔体壁上设有多个只能向内开启的聚风门。
所述的伞形抽风筒的锥形面外周向间隔设有多个垂直挡风板， 底面设有水 平挡风板， 相邻垂直挡风板之间形成抽风腔， 各抽风腔内的锥形面上分别设有 多个只能向外开启的抽风门。
所述的磁悬浮机构包括一个轴向磁悬浮机构和至少两个径向磁悬浮机构； 轴向磁悬浮机构设置在垂直螺旋涡轮机与涡轮机进风筒的横向支撑板之间， 径 向磁悬浮机构分别设置在涡轮机进风筒内壁和涡轮机叶轮之间； 各磁悬浮机构 分别包括两组对应设置的磁浮组件， 两组对应的磁浮组件非接触相互插入， 并 按磁平衡原则排列。
所述的聚风塔的上部设有一个锥形面， 所述的聚风通道上部设有喇叭形挡 风环， 喇叭形挡风环的上口与聚风塔的腔体壁密封相连， 喇叭形挡风环的下口 与喇叭形拨风筒的外壁密封相连。
所述的自动调风门包括上调风门和下调风门， 上调风门安装在涡轮机进风 筒进风口的上方， 下调风门安装在涡轮机进风筒进风口的下方， 上调风门和下 调风门在控制机构的作用下同时相向或背向运动， 实现对进风口大小的调节， 从而实现对风量的调节。
本发明采用聚风塔聚风， 配合喇叭形拨风筒拨风， 伞形抽风筒抽风， 形成 人造龙卷风， 并在中心产生低气压， 对蜗轮机产生巨大的抽拔力。 由此推动垂 直螺旋蜗轮机， 带动垂直发电机发电， 实现了大装机容量。
当聚风塔直径大于 100m, 高度大于 200m时， 涡轮机进风筒的风速将提高 十余倍， 可带动 300M W的垂直发电机发电， 完全能达到燃煤发电的水平。 且 投资成本与燃煤发电相当， 但生产成本大大降低， 生产管理人员也大大减少。 同等规模的发电装置， 采用本发明的装置每年可节约 51万吨标准煤， 减少 140 万吨二氧化碳排放， 节水 46万吨。对于世界多数沿海地区， 人口稠密， 工业发 达， 而风能资源又丰富， 风电完全能满足当地使用， 可大大减少网电的运输成 本， 是解决人类能源最有效的一种方法。 附图说明
图 1是本发明风力发电装置第一实施例的纵向剖视结构示意图；
图 2本发明风力发电装置第二实施例的纵向剖视结构示意图；
图 3是本发明风力发电装置的俯视结构示意图；
图 4是图 1的底部横向剖视结构示意图。 具体实施方式 附图给出了本发明的两个较佳实施例， 下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步 说明。
参见图 1， 配合参见图 2、 图 3、 图 4， 本发明的风力发电装置包括基座 1、 聚风塔 2、 垂直发电机 3、 垂直螺旋涡轮机 4、 涡轮机进风筒 5、 喇叭形拨风筒 6和伞形抽风筒 7。
聚风塔 2安装在基座 1上， 为放射状框架结构， 内部设有一个上下贯通的 腔体， 在聚风塔的腔体壁外周向设有多个由垂直挡风板 21和水平挡风板 22围 合而成的聚风腔 23， 各聚风腔内的腔体壁上设有多个只能向内开启的聚风门 24，该聚风门 24可以是通过水平轴安装的上下开合的聚风门，也可以是通过斜 轴安装的左右开合的聚风门。
参见图 2， 本发明还可在聚风塔 2的上部设一个锥形面 25， 在聚风通道 9 上部设置喇叭形挡风环 92，该喇叭形挡风环的上口与聚风塔 2的腔体壁密封相 连， 喇叭形挡风环的下口与喇叭形拨风筒 6的外壁密封相连。
垂直发电机 3垂直发电机为市场供应的水轮垂直发电机， 设置在聚风塔腔 体内的底部并安装在基座 1上， 其驱动轴向上伸出与垂直螺旋涡轮机 4相连。
垂直螺旋涡轮机 4安装在垂直发电机 3的上方， 包括设置在上方的涡轮机 叶片 41、 设置在下方的惯性轮 42以及连接涡轮机叶片和惯性轮的机轴 43， 机 轴 43下方穿过惯性轮与垂直发电机向上伸出的驱动轴 31传动相连， 垂直螺旋 涡轮机的出风口向上。垂直螺旋涡轮机通过一个轴向磁悬浮机构 81和至少两个 径向磁悬浮机构 82与涡轮机进风筒 5磁悬浮相连。 轴向磁悬浮机构 81设置在 垂直螺旋涡轮机 4与涡轮机进风筒 5 的横向支撑板之间， 径向磁悬浮机构 82 分别设置在涡轮机进风筒 5内壁和涡轮机叶轮之间； 各磁悬浮机构分别包括两 组对应设置的磁浮组件， 两组对应的磁浮组件非接触相互插入， 并按磁平衡原 则排列。 螺旋涡轮机为大型设备， 其主轴除采用整段结构外， 能另采用二段式 或多段式结构， 轴之间采用键槽式磁齿轮相吸连接法或机械连接法， 每段轴均 采用径向磁悬浮结构， 螺旋涡轮片采用活动连接法。
涡轮机进风筒 5安装在聚风塔腔体内底部的基座 1上并将垂直发电机 3和 垂直螺旋涡轮机 4围合在内， 中部设有与涡轮机叶片连通的进风口 51， 下部在 垂直发电机与垂直螺旋涡轮机惯性轮之间设有横向支撑板 52。在涡轮机进风筒 的进风口 51上设有用于调节进风口大小的自动调风门 53， 自动调风门 53包括 上调风门和下调风门， 可以从上下两个方向向中间移动调节进风口的大小， 从 而调节进风量的大小。
喇叭形拨风筒 6设置在聚风塔腔体内的中心位置， 喇叭形拨风筒的上口与 聚风塔 2的上口封闭相连， 下口与涡轮机进风筒 5连成一体， 连成一体的喇叭 形拨风筒和涡轮机进风筒与聚风塔之间形成聚风通道 9， 聚风通道 9的下部与 涡轮机进风筒的进风口 51连通。在聚风通道 9的中部周向设有螺旋导风板 91。 该喇叭形拨风筒 6的高度大于喇叭形拨风筒上口的直径， 喇叭形拨风筒 6的下 部设有螺旋形导风板 61， 中部和上部设有机翼形导风板 62 (参见图 3 )。
伞形抽风筒 7连接在喇叭形拨风筒 6的上方， 包括与聚风塔连成一体的框 架结构和设置在框架结构内的至少一层中空的圆锥形体 71， 圆锥形体的锥形面 上设有多个只能向外开启的抽风门 72， 圆锥形体的底面边缘设有或不设有上下 方向的抽风口或排风口 73 (如图 1中的第一层圆锥形体底面边缘是封闭的， 没 有设抽风口或排风口， 而第二层和第三层圆锥形体的底面边缘均设有上下方向 的抽风口或排风口， 抽风口或排风口为同一个口， 当处于迎风面时为抽风口， 处于背风面时为排风口）。在伞形抽风筒 7的锥形面外周向间隔设有多个垂直挡 风板 74， 底面设有水平挡风板 75， 相邻垂直挡风板之间形成抽风腔 76， 各抽 风腔内的锥形面上分别设有多个只能向外开启的抽风门 72; 该抽风门 72可以 是通过水平轴安装的上下开合的抽风门， 也可以是通过斜轴安装的左右开合的 抽风门。
本发明的工作原理是， 自然风首先进入聚风塔迎风面的聚风腔， 并打开迎 风面的聚风门（背风面的聚风门在本身重量和风压作用下自动关闭），进入聚风 通道。 此时， 聚风通道内形成比自然风更大的正压， 聚风通道的气流在螺旋导 风板的导引下进入涡轮机进风筒的进风口， 进而驱动涡轮机叶片。
伞形抽风筒位于喇叭形拨风筒和聚风塔的顶端。 本发明为大装机容量的发 电装置， 高度达百米、 数百米， 在此高度下的自然风速受地面影响很小， 风速 已趋于稳定状态，其风速远大于 10米高度的地面风。在垂直挡风板和底面的水 平挡风板作用下， 高空自然风沿伞形抽风筒下方的抽风口进入伞形抽风筒并向 上聚集， 在每层圆锥形体的顶面形成高速风。 根据伯努利公式 P+0.5PV2=常数 (P气压、 p空气密度、 V风速）。 在空气密度不变的情况下， 风速增加， 气压 必然降低， 从而产生一个向上的升力， 并形成低气压。 聚风通道内形成正气压 聚风， 伞形抽风筒、喇叭形拨风筒组合在一起构成低气压拨风， 形成高速气流， 从两个方向推动涡轮机旋转， 从而带动发电机发电。
在聚风通道和喇叭形拨风筒中均设置有导风板， 高速气流通过后， 必然转 变成旋转风。 由于喇叭拨风筒的排风口直径是进风口的数倍，根据角动量守恒， 质量 X半径 X角速度 =常数。 在喇叭形拨风筒内气体密度基本不变的条件下， 随 喇叭筒向下的直径不断减小， 风的角速度将不断增加， 在喇叭筒进风口形成龙 卷风。 高速旋转的龙卷风又使旋转中心气压降低， 使气流压差增加， 又形成更 大的龙卷风， 不仅使旋转中心产生低真空状态， 并产生十分巨大的抽拨力， 以 抽拨力的形式驱动螺旋涡轮机。 此时位于涡轮机进风筒外的风量调节装置使螺 旋涡轮机达到额定转速， 而惯性轮和螺旋涡轮机叶片又位于磁浮状态， 将使螺 旋涡轮机运行稳定， 保证 50Hz并网频率。 当风速增长 10倍、 15倍时， 发电机 功率将增加 1000倍、 3000倍， 足以达到现有燃煤发电的装机容量。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种风力发电装置， 其特征在于包括：
基座；
聚风塔， 安装在基座上， 为放射状框架结构， 内部设有一个上下贯通的腔 体， 腔体壁的周向设有多个只能向内开启的聚风门；
垂直发电机， 设置在聚风塔腔体内的底部并安装在基座上， 其驱动轴向上 伸出；
垂直螺旋涡轮机， 安装在垂直发电机的上方， 包括设置在上方的涡轮机叶 片、 设置在下方的惯性轮以及连接涡轮机叶片和惯性轮的机轴， 机轴下方穿过 惯性轮与垂直发电机向上伸出的驱动轴传动相连， 垂直螺旋涡轮机的出风口向 上；
涡轮机进风筒， 安装在聚风塔腔体内底部的基座上并将垂直发电机和垂直 螺旋涡轮机围合在内， 中部设有与涡轮机叶片连通的进风口， 下部在垂直发电 机与垂直螺旋涡轮机惯性轮之间设有横向支撑板；
喇叭形拨风筒， 设置在聚风塔腔体内的中心位置， 喇叭形拨风筒的上口与 聚风塔的上口封闭相连， 下口与涡轮机进风筒连成一体， 连成一体的喇叭形拨 风筒和涡轮机进风筒与聚风塔之间形成聚风通道， 聚风通道的下部与涡轮机进 风筒的进风口连通；
伞形抽风筒， 连接在喇叭形拨风筒的上方， 包括与聚风塔连成一体的框架 结构和设置在框架结构内的至少一层中空的圆锥形体， 圆锥形体的锥形面上设 有多个只能向外开启的抽风门， 圆锥形体的底面边缘设有或不设有上下方向的 抽风口或排风口。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的风力发电装置， 其特征在于： 所述的聚风通道的 中部周向设有螺旋导风板。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的风力发电装置， 其特征在于： 所述的涡轮机进风 筒的进风口上设有用于调节进风口大小的自动调风门。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的风力发电装置， 其特征在于： 所述的垂直螺旋涡 轮机通过磁悬浮机构与涡轮机进风筒磁悬浮相连。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的风力发电装置， 其特征在于： 所述的喇叭形拨风 筒的高度大于喇叭形拨风筒上口的直径， 喇叭形拨风筒的下部设有螺旋形导风 板， 中部和上部设有机翼形导风板。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的风力发电装置， 其特征在于： 所述的聚风塔的腔 体壁外周向设有多个由垂直挡风板和水平挡风板围合而成的聚风腔， 各聚风腔 内的腔体壁上设有多个只能向内开启的聚风门。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的风力发电装置， 其特征在于： 所述的伞形抽风筒 的锥形面外周向间隔设有多个垂直挡风板， 底面设有水平挡风板， 相邻垂直挡 风板之间形成抽风腔， 各抽风腔内的锥形面上分别设有多个只能向外开启的抽 风门。
8. 根据权利要求 4所述的风力发电装置， 其特征在于： 所述的磁悬浮机构 包括一个轴向磁悬浮机构和至少两个径向磁悬浮机构； 轴向磁悬浮机构设置在 垂直螺旋涡轮机与涡轮机进风筒的横向支撑板之间， 径向磁悬浮机构分别设置 在涡轮机进风筒内壁和涡轮机叶轮之间； 各磁悬浮机构分别包括两组对应设置 的磁浮组件， 两组对应的磁浮组件非接触相互插入， 并按磁平衡原则排列。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的风力发电装置， 其特征在于： 所述的聚风塔的上 部设有一个锥形面， 所述的聚风通道上部设有喇叭形挡风环， 喇叭形挡风环的 上口与聚风塔的腔体壁密封相连， 喇叭形挡风环的下口与喇叭形拨风筒的外壁 密封相连。
10. 根据权利要求 3所述的风力发电装置， 其特征在于： 所述的自动调风 门包括上调风门和下调风门， 上调风门安装在涡轮机进风筒进风口的上方， 下 调风门安装在涡轮机进风筒进风口的下方， 上调风门和下调风门在控制机构的 作用下同时相向或背向运动， 实现对进风口大小的调节， 从而实现对风量的调 节。
PCT/CN2012/074493 2012-04-10 2012-04-22 风力发电装置 WO2013152522A1 (zh)

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CN111322202A (zh) * 2020-03-03 2020-06-23 浙江晶杰能源设备有限公司 一种增压压缩功能的风能发电装置
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US9322393B2 (en) 2016-04-26

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