WO2013143089A1 - 一种光学防伪元件及使用该光学防伪元件的产品 - Google Patents

一种光学防伪元件及使用该光学防伪元件的产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013143089A1
WO2013143089A1 PCT/CN2012/073203 CN2012073203W WO2013143089A1 WO 2013143089 A1 WO2013143089 A1 WO 2013143089A1 CN 2012073203 W CN2012073203 W CN 2012073203W WO 2013143089 A1 WO2013143089 A1 WO 2013143089A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
array
security element
optical security
element according
microlens
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PCT/CN2012/073203
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张宝利
朱军
李成垚
王晓利
Original Assignee
中钞特种防伪科技有限公司
中国印钞造币总公司
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Application filed by 中钞特种防伪科技有限公司, 中国印钞造币总公司 filed Critical 中钞特种防伪科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2012/073203 priority Critical patent/WO2013143089A1/zh
Publication of WO2013143089A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013143089A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324Reliefs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29Securities; Bank notes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006Arrays
    • G02B3/0037Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
    • G02B3/0056Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses
    • B42D2033/18
    • B42D2035/20
    • B42D2035/44

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of anti-counterfeiting, in particular to an optical anti-counterfeiting component suitable for various high-security products and high value-added products such as banknotes, credit cards, passports and securities, and to products using the optical security components, such as banknotes, Credit cards, passports and securities.
  • an optical anti-counterfeiting component suitable for various high-security products and high value-added products such as banknotes, credit cards, passports and securities
  • optical security components such as banknotes, Credit cards, passports and securities.
  • optical security components are widely used in high security products such as banknotes, credit cards, passports and securities, as well as other high value-added products.
  • micro-textographic array is located near the focal plane of the microlens array, and the moiré effect of the micro-image array is used to reproduce a pattern having a certain depth of field or exhibiting a dynamic effect.
  • the microlens array and the microtextographic array are respectively located in respective planes.
  • the microtextographic array and the microlens array need to be separately prepared in the original, and then in production.
  • the microtextographic array and the microlens array are separately bulk copied on both sides of the film substrate.
  • the defects of the anti-counterfeiting component of this structure are as follows: (1) The structure requires that the microlens array and the micro-image array are periodically arranged, and the cycle error is sub-micron when the original plate is produced, so the fabrication difficulty is high; In the production process, it is necessary to process separately on the two surfaces of the substrate, so the process flow is complicated; (3) in the production process, the alignment problem between the microlens array and the micro-image array needs to be solved, so the process can be Low controllability; (4) Some anti-counterfeiting effects cannot be expected or even achieved due to the inability to ensure the strict alignment of the micro-image array and the microlens array during the production process.
  • CN101563640 discloses a reflective structure in which a microlens array and a microtextographic array are overlapped on a substrate of a security element, that is, a microlens array and a microtextographic array are located on the same side of the substrate, The other side of the substrate is plated with a reflective layer, wherein the position of the virtual image formed by the microimage array through the reflective layer is located near the focal plane of the microlens array, thereby allowing the microlens array to pass through the reflection on the other side of the substrate.
  • the layer images the micro-textographic array of its adjacent layers.
  • the structure of the security element first needs to process the micro-image array layer on the substrate, and then the microlens array layer is processed on the basis of the microlens array and the micro-texture array respectively located in the respective planes. Therefore, the security element structure still has the four-point defect mentioned above, and since the micro-textographic array and the microlens array overlap each other and interfere with each other, thereby affecting the image quality of the sampled and synthesized image, the security element is further reduced. Anti-counterfeiting effect and practical value. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, and provides an optical security element capable of overcoming the above drawbacks and a product using the optical security element.
  • the present invention provides an optical security element comprising a substrate, a microrelief structure on a first surface of the substrate and at least partially covering a first surface of the substrate, and a substrate a reflective layer on the second surface and at least partially covering the second surface of the substrate, wherein the microrelief structure comprises a microlens array and is nested in the microlens array and located with the microlens array A microtextographic array in the same plane but not overlapping the microlens array, the microlens array capable of sampling and synthesizing the microtextographic array through the reflective layer to form a reproduced image.
  • the present invention also provides a product using the above optical security element.
  • the microrelief structure is located on one side of the substrate and includes a microtextographic array and a microlens array
  • the microtext image array is nested in the microlens array and lies in the same plane as the microlens array but does not coincide with the microlens array
  • the reflective layer is located on the substrate
  • the microlens array and the microtextographic array can be formed once in the original plate, that is, the strict pair of the microlens array and the microtext array is completed when the original plate is produced.
  • microlens array can be completed by only one processing on one surface of the substrate during production.
  • the fabrication of the micro-textographic array is simple, and the process flow is simple;
  • Some complex anti-counterfeiting effects can be achieved because the micro-image array and the micro-lens array are strictly aligned.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an implementation of an optical security element according to the present invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively show a microlens array and a microtext included in a microrelief structure in an optical security element according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an optical security element employing a sawtooth type reflective layer in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an optical security element covered with a protective layer on a microrelief structure in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 6a-6d are respectively arranged in a plane consisting of a spherical microlens, an ellipsoidal microlens, a cylindrical microlens, a harmonic diffractive microlens, a planar diffractive microlens, and a Fresnel zone plate, respectively, according to the present invention.
  • the optical security element 1 comprises a substrate 2, a microrelief structure on the first surface of the substrate 2 and at least partially covering the first surface of the substrate 2, and a bit a reflective layer 5 on the second surface of the substrate 2 and at least partially covering the second surface of the substrate 2, wherein the microrelief structure comprises a microlens array 3 and nested in the microlens array a micro-image array 4 in 3 and in the same plane as the microlens array 3 but not overlapping the microlens array 3, the microlens array 3 being capable of penetrating the microtext through the reflective layer 5
  • the array 4 performs sampling synthesis to form a reproduced image.
  • the microlens array 3 shown in Fig. 1 is a spherical microlens array, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the microlens array 3 may be a non-periodic array composed of a plurality of microlens units, a random array, a periodic array.
  • the microlens unit is not limited to a spherical microlens, and may be a refractive microlens, a diffractive microlens, or any combination thereof, wherein the refractive microlens may be selected from a spherical surface Microlenses, ellipsoidal microlenses, cylindrical microlenses or other geometrical optics-based microlenses of any geometry, diffractive microlenses can be selected from harmonic diffractive microlenses, planar diffractive microlenses, Fresnel zone strips, of course, In addition to the Fresnel zone plate, a continuous curved or stepped lens can be selected as the microlens unit. Further, the microlens array 3 may be constituted by a microlens of one of the above forms or may be constituted by the above various forms of microlenses.
  • the microtextographic array 4 may correspond to the microlens array 3, and the microtextographic array 4 according to the present invention may also correspond to A non-periodic array, a random array, a periodic array, a local periodic array, or any combination thereof, composed of a plurality of micro-text units.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 schematically illustrate two arrangements of a continuous spherical microlens array 3 and a microtextographic array 4 corresponding thereto and in the same microrelief plane, respectively, in FIGS. 2 and 3
  • a slight difference in the arrangement period or a relatively small arrangement direction between the two arrays there is a slight difference in the arrangement period or a relatively small arrangement direction between the two arrays.
  • the angle of error is thus within the range of the sample synthesis reproduction, and the condition of the moiré amplification is specifically further satisfied.
  • the Mohr amplification principle describes a common optical phenomenon that occurs between two arrays that are periodically arranged. The Mohr amplification principle is briefly described below.
  • the human eye observes that the Moiré amplification effect is an image motion effect in which the moving direction is orthogonal to the observer's viewing angle deviation direction.
  • the microlens can be arbitrarily set based on the Moir amplification principle according to product requirements.
  • the arrangement of the array 3 and the corresponding microtextographic array 4 is as follows.
  • the integrity of the microlens array 3 is generally preferentially guaranteed.
  • the microtextographic array 4 has a period difference or an inter-array angle difference with the microlens array 3, so that there is inevitably a coincidence region of the microlens array 3 and the microtextographic array 4,
  • the lens array 3 will occupy a portion of the partial microtext array 4.
  • the micro-texture array 4 of the overlapping portion is omitted to eliminate mutual interference between the microlens array 3 and the micro-image array 4.
  • the microtextographic array 4 and the microlens array 3 may coexist in the same plane in a manner of interpenetrating or region division.
  • the distance between the microrelief structure and the reflective layer 5 is about 1/2 of the focal length of the microlens array 3, such that the microlens array 3 can sample the virtual image of the microtextographic array 4 in the reflective layer 5.
  • the microtextographic array 4 has no virtual image directly under the region where the microlens array 3 is located, and thus is above the microlens array 3.
  • the moire magnified reproduction image cannot be observed within a certain angle range, that is, the observation angle must satisfy certain conditions to observe the reproduced image.
  • the observation angle is the angle between the observation direction and the plane normal direction of the optical security element 1
  • the thickness of the substrate 2 is d
  • the diameter of the spherical microlens 3 is r
  • the observation angle ar C t an (0.25 rA ) is Observing the necessary condition for the moire to magnify the reproduced image, that is, the image of the microtextographic array 4 formed by the reflective layer 5 can be reproduced through the microlens array 3 when observed at the observation angle ar C t an (0.25 rA ).
  • the magnified image may have an effect of image transformation, positional shift, or depth of field change as the angle of observation changes.
  • the thickness of the substrate 2 is also 1 / 2 of the focal length of the microlens array 3.
  • the requirement for thickness control of the optical security element product according to the invention is ensured, that is to say that the thickness of the optical security element according to the invention is thinner, which facilitates the application of the optical security element, so that the optical security protection according to the invention
  • the components are particularly suitable for window safety cables.
  • the design method of the various Moiré magnified image effects is the same as the design method of the Moiré magnified image effect corresponding to the structure of the microlens array and the microtextographic array in the respective planes described in the background art.
  • the micro-relief structure composed of the microlens array 3 and the micro-texture array 4 in the optical security element 1 according to the present invention can be completed by one original plate, the microlens array 3 and micro can be accurately controlled.
  • the relative positional relationship of the teletext array 4 in the plane of the optical security element 1 enables easy control of the certainty of the moiré image content at any selected viewing angle.
  • the period of the periodic or partial periodic microlens array 3 and the microtextographic array 4 according to the present invention is from 10 micrometers to 200 micrometers, preferably from 40 micrometers to 100 micrometers; the focal length of the microlens array 3 may be 10 micrometers. Up to 200 microns, preferably from 20 microns to 60 microns. Since the distance between the microrelief structure and the reflective layer 5 is preferably about 1/2 of the focal length of the microlens array 3, the thickness of the substrate 2 may be 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the microrelief structure according to the present invention has a processing depth of less than 15 microns, preferably from 0.5 microns to 10 microns.
  • the original plate of the microrelief structure including the microlens array 3 and the microtextographic array 4 can be realized by a micromachining process, specifically, by optical exposure, electron beam exposure, etc., and can also be combined with hot melt reflow, etc.
  • the processes are implemented, but it should be understood that their implementation is not limited to the above methods.
  • the substrate 2 in the optical security element 1 according to the present invention may be an at least partially transparent colorless or colored medium layer, and the substrate 2 may be a single transparent dielectric film, for example, a PET film, a PVC film, or the like may be used, or a transparent dielectric film having a functional coating (such as an embossing layer) on the surface, or a composite film.
  • a PET film, a PVC film, or the like may be used, or a transparent dielectric film having a functional coating (such as an embossing layer) on the surface, or a composite film.
  • the reflective layer 5 may be implemented by coating, printing, deposition, etc.
  • the material used for the reflective layer 5 may be metal, medium or any combination thereof
  • the structure of the reflective layer 5 may be metal, A single layer structure or a multilayer structure composed of a medium or any combination thereof.
  • the metal may be made of aluminum, gold, silver, chromium, iron, etc., of course, alloys may also be used
  • the medium may be MgF 2 , LiF, Si0 2 , A1 2 0 3 , Ti0 2 , ZnS, Si 3 N 4 , etc.
  • the metal and dielectric materials are not limited to the materials described above, and other metals and media are also optional.
  • a hollow pattern may also be formed in the reflective layer 5, wherein the hollow pattern may be a macro pattern, a micro text, a fine line, or the like, so that a better anti-counterfeiting effect can be achieved.
  • the reflective layer 5 may be an embossed structure capable of modulating the reflected light as needed, including a planar, curved shape structure or any combination thereof.
  • the reflective layer 5 may be a sawtooth type, a planar micro mirror type, or a sinusoidal type.
  • the reflecting surface, the advantage of using such a reflective layer 5 is that it is possible to control the viewing angle of the reproduced image formed by sampling synthesis.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an optical security element 1 in which the reflective layer 5 is a sawtooth type reflective structure in accordance with the present invention.
  • the exit direction of the incident light from the microrelief structure on the first surface of the substrate 2 to the reflective layer 5 on the second surface of the substrate 2 is determined by the bevel angle of the sawtooth type reflective layer 5.
  • One advantage of the zigzag reflective layer 5 is the ability to control the viewing angle of the sampled composite reproduced image.
  • the viewing angle range to the left of the normal of the optical security element 1 can be It is characterized by the angle between the observation angle and the normal direction of the component > [arctan (0.25r/rf ) + > 5].
  • the angle of observation on the right side of the component normal can be characterized as the angle between the observation angle and the normal direction of the component. ⁇ [arctan (0.25rA/;( - ].
  • the original plate of the reflective layer 5 for modulating the direction of the reflected light on the second surface of the substrate 2 of the optical security element 1 can be realized by a micromachining process, specifically, It can be realized by a process such as optical exposure, electron beam exposure, etc., of course, it can also be realized by a process such as hot melt reflow, but the implementation method is not limited to the above method.
  • the reflective layer 5 can be formed on the second surface of the substrate 2 by replicating the original of the reflective layer 5 onto the second surface of the substrate 2 by a UV imprint process.
  • a protective layer 6 may be applied over the surface of the microrelief structure to protect the microrelief structure in accordance with the present invention, thereby increasing the useful life of the optical security element 1 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the protective layer 6 may be formed by a process such as coating, printing, deposition, landfill, etc., and it may be one or more layers, and the protective layer 6 is preferably transparent.
  • the refractive index of the protective layer 6 is smaller than the refractive index of the microrelief structure, and the difference in refractive index between the two is greater than or equal to 0.3; and when the protective layer 6 is in depth
  • the refractive index between the protective layer 6 and the microrelief structure may not be limited.
  • the protective layer 6 shown in Fig. 5 can also have the function of increasing the color effect, thereby improving the expressiveness of the sampled and synthesized reproduced image.
  • the function of adding a color effect can be realized separately by a functional layer separate from the protective layer, that is, the function of adding a color effect is not integrated into the protective layer 6, but is implemented by a separate functional layer, wherein
  • the functional layer may be one or more layers, and the functional layer may also be implemented by coating, printing, inkjet, dyeing, deposition, etc., the material of the functional layer may be selected but not limited to ink, pigment, Dyes, liquid crystals, fluorescent materials, etc.
  • the functional layer may be located on an upper surface of the microrelief structure, a lower surface of the microrelief structure, in the substrate, in an upper surface of the reflective layer, in the reflective layer, One or more of the lower surface of the reflective layer, and the functional layer may have diffractive optical characteristics, interferometric optical characteristics, micro/nano structural features, printed features, partial metallization features, fluorescent features, for use in a machine One or more of the magnetic, optical, electrical, radioactive features, etc. read.
  • an adhesive layer can be applied to one or both sides of the optical security element 1 according to the invention in order to be able to bond the optical security element 1 according to the invention to the object to be protected.
  • an adhesive may be applied to the first and/or second surface of any of the optical security elements 1 described above, and the adhesive layer may cover part or all of the surface to which it is applied.
  • FIG. 6a-6d schematically show that the spherical microlens 7, the ellipsoidal microlens 8, the cylindrical microlens 9, the harmonic diffractive microlens 10, the planar diffractive microlens 11, and the Fresnel zone plate 12 are composed of A plan view (Fig. 6a), a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure (Fig. 6b) of the microrelief structure composed of the randomly arranged microlens array 3 and the corresponding microtextographic array 4 in the plane, and a schematic view of the sampled composite reproduced image observed by the human eye ( Figures 6c and 6d).
  • FIGS. 6a-6d symbolically represent the micro-text units (or pixels) of the micro-textual array 3.
  • 6c and 6d schematically show the reproduced image 13 and the reproduced image 14 observed by the human eye at the observation angle and V, respectively, while ignoring the microtextographic array corresponding to other viewing angles and the reproduced image.
  • Figures 6c and 6d also show the path of the light transmitted from the microtexture collected by the microlens for the two observation angles of and V, respectively.
  • the selection of the microlens unit in the microlens array 3 can be various, and a combination of one or more of the refractive type and the diffraction type microlens can be selected.
  • Both the microlens array 3 and the microtextographic array 4 may be non-periodic or randomly arranged.
  • Two-frame reproduced images observed only at an angle and at V are schematically shown in Figures 6a-6d.
  • the corresponding reproduced image can be freely set as required, that is, the angle A
  • the reproduced image A', the microtext image array / ⁇ at the angle A, the microtext image array / T is covered in the plane / r, and any one of the four is one-to-one mapped.
  • Observation as a variable When the angle A continuously changes under the condition of A ⁇ arctan(0.25r/), the observed full angle of view is formed. In this process, all the contents of the corresponding reproduced image are presented, and the microtext array is embodied as a whole.
  • the design of the microlens array 3 and the microtextographic array 4 can be used to obtain sinking, floating, dynamic, scaling, rotating, multi-channel conversion. , a combination of one or more effects of continuous depth of field change graphics, three-dimensional graphics, continuous multi-frame animation, and the like.
  • the optical security element 1 according to the invention is particularly suitable for making a window security thread.
  • the thickness of the safety wire is not more than 50 ⁇ m.
  • the anti-counterfeiting paper with the window-opening security line is used for anti-counterfeiting of various high-security products and high-value-added products such as banknotes, credit cards, passports, and securities, as well as various types of wrapping paper and packaging boxes.
  • the optical security element 1 according to the present invention can also be used as a label, a logo, a wide strip, a transparent window, a film, etc., and can be adhered to various articles by various bonding mechanisms, such as transfer to banknotes, credit cards, etc. Products and high value-added products.
  • a microrelief structure layer including the microlens array 3 and the microtextographic array 4 may be formed on the first surface of the substrate 2, for example, by a UV imprint process.
  • the reflective layer 5 is deposited on the second surface of the substrate 2.
  • optical security element 1 Another method of producing the optical security element 1 according to the present invention is to separate on different substrates.
  • the reflective layer 5 and the microrelief structure comprising the microlens array 3 and the microtextographic array 4 are fabricated and then combined together by a composite process well known in the art.
  • the film of the microrelief structure with the microlens array 3 and the microtextographic array 4 and the film with the reflective layer 5 may be back-to-back composite, that is, with the microlens array 3 and the microtext image array 4
  • the distance between the microrelief structure and the reflective layer 5 is the thickness of the two-layer substrate plus the thickness of the composite glue; it may also be a film with a micro-relief structure of the microlens array 3 and the micro-image array 4
  • the film of the reflective layer 5 is composited in the same direction, that is, the distance between the microrelief structure and the reflective layer 5 is the thickness of one of the substrates plus the thickness of the composite.

Abstract

一种光学防伪元件(1),包括基材(2)、位于基材第一表面上且至少部分覆盖基材第一表面的微浮雕结构、以及位于基材第二表面上且至少部分覆盖基材第二表面的反射层(5)。其中,微浮雕结构包括微透镜阵列(3)和微图文阵列(4)。微图文阵列嵌套在微透镜阵列中,且与微透镜阵列位于同一平面内,但与微透镜阵列不重合。微透镜阵列能够通过反射层对微图文阵列进行采样合成,从而形成再现图像。光学防伪元件克服了制作难度高、工艺流程复杂、工艺可控性低和生产过程中无法保证微图文阵列和微透镜阵列的严格对位的缺陷。还提供使用光学防伪元件的产品。

Description

一种光学防伪元件及使用该光学防伪元件的产品
技术领域
本发明涉及防伪领域, 尤其涉及一种适用于钞票、 信用卡、 护照和有 价证券等各类高安全产品和高附加值产品的光学防伪元件, 还涉及使用该 光学防伪元件的产品, 诸如钞票、 信用卡、 护照和有价证券等。 背景技术
由于光学防伪元件具有独特的视觉效果和易识别性, 所以被广泛应用 于钞票、 信用卡、 护照和有价证券等高安全产品以及其它高附加值产品中。
CN101563640 、 CN101443692 、 CN101120139 、 CN101346244 、 US571273K US0034082, US4765656、 US4892336, CN1271106、 CN1552589 等专利文献中公开了同一类在基材的两个表面上分别带有微透镜阵列和微 图文阵列的防伪元件, 其中微图文阵列位于微透镜阵列的焦平面附近, 通 过微透镜阵列对微图文阵列的莫尔放大作用来再现具有一定景深或呈现动 态效果的图案。 在这种结构的防伪元件中, 微透镜阵列和微图文阵列分别 位于各自的平面内, 因此在制作过程中, 首先需要对微图文阵列和微透镜 阵列分别进行原版制备, 然后在生产中在薄膜基材的两侧上分别对微图文 阵列和微透镜阵列进行批量复制。 这种结构的防伪元件的缺陷在于: (1 ) 该结构要求微透镜阵列、 微图文阵列均为周期性排列, 在制作原版时其周 期误差在亚微米级, 因此制作难度高; (2) 在生产过程中, 需要在基材的 两个表面上依次分别进行加工, 因此工艺流程复杂; (3 ) 在生产过程中, 需要解决微透镜阵列和微图文阵列的对位问题, 因此工艺可控性低; (4) 由于生产过程中无法保证微图文阵列和微透镜阵列的严格对位, 所以一些 防伪效果无法达到预期甚至无法实现。 CN101563640 公开了一种反射结构, 在该反射结构中, 将微透镜阵列 和微图文阵列重叠制作在防伪元件的基材上, 即微透镜阵列和微图文阵列 位于基材的同一侧上, 基材的另一侧上则镀有反射层, 其中微图文阵列通 过反射层所形成的虚像的位置位于微透镜阵列的焦平面附近, 从而使微透 镜阵列通过基材另一侧上的反射层对与其相邻层的微图文阵列进行成像。 该防伪元件结构在生产时首先需要在基材上加工微图文阵列层, 在此基础 上再加工微透镜阵列层, 其本质也属于微透镜阵列和微图文阵列分别位于 各自的平面内。 因此该防伪元件结构仍然具有上文中提到的四点缺陷, 并 且, 由于微图文阵列与微透镜阵列相互重叠、 相互干扰, 从而影响采样合 成再现图像的像质, 更进一步地降低了安全元件的防伪效果和实用价值。 发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中的上述缺点, 提供一种能够克服上述缺陷的光 学防伪元件以及使用该光学防伪元件的产品。
本发明提供一种光学防伪元件, 所述光学防伪元件包括基材、 位于所 述基材的第一表面上且至少部分覆盖所述基材的第一表面的微浮雕结构以 及位于所述基材的第二表面上且至少部分覆盖所述基材的第二表面的反射 层, 其中, 所述微浮雕结构包括微透镜阵列以及嵌套在所述微透镜阵列中 且与所述微透镜阵列位于同一平面内但与所述微透镜阵列不重合的微图文 阵列, 所述微透镜阵列能够通过所述反射层对所述微图文阵列进行采样合 成, 从而形成再现图像。
本发明还提供一种使用上述光学防伪元件的产品。
由于根据本发明的光学防伪元件和使用该光学防伪元件的产品包括微 浮雕结构、 基材和反射层, 微浮雕结构位于基材的其中一侧上并且包括微 图文阵列和微透镜阵列, 而且微图文阵列嵌套在微透镜阵列中并且与微透 镜阵列位于同一平面内但与所述微透镜阵列不重合, 而反射层则位于基材 的另一层上, 所以其具有以下优点: (1 ) 微透镜阵列和微图文阵列可以在 制作原版时一次成型, 即在制作原版时即完成了微透镜阵列和微图文阵列 的严格对位, 不需要在后期生产过程中考虑对位问题, 从而工艺可控性好, 制作难度低; (2) 在生产时只需在基材的一个表面上进行一次加工即可完 成微透镜阵列和微图文阵列的制作, 因此工艺流程简单; (3 ) 由于保证了 微图文阵列和微透镜阵列的严格对位, 所以能够实现一些复杂的防伪效果。 附图说明
图 1为根据本发明的光学防伪元件的一种实现方式的剖面图; 图 2和图 3分别示出了根据本发明的光学防伪元件中的微浮雕结构所 包括的微透镜阵列和微图文阵列的一种排列方式;
图 4为根据本发明的采用锯齿型反射层的光学防伪元件的剖面图; 图 5 为根据本发明的在微浮雕结构上覆盖有保护层的光学防伪元件的 剖面图;
图 6a-6d分别给出了根据本发明的由球面微透镜、椭球面微透镜、柱面 微透镜、 谐衍射微透镜、 平面衍射微透镜、 菲涅耳波带片组成的在平面内 随机排列的微透镜阵列和相对应的微图文阵列所组成的微浮雕结构的光学 防伪元件的平面俯视图、 立体结构示意图和再现图像示意图。 具体实施方式
下面将结合附图来详细描述根据本发明的光学防伪元件以及使用该光 学防伪元件的产品, 以便更好地理解本发明的思想。 应当理解, 所述附图 和详细描述只是对本发明优选实施方式的描述, 并非以任何方式来限制本 发明的范围。
如图 1所示, 根据本发明的光学防伪元件 1包括基材 2、位于所述基材 2的第一表面上且至少部分覆盖所述基材 2的第一表面的微浮雕结构以及位 于所述基材 2的第二表面上且至少部分覆盖所述基材 2的第二表面的反射 层 5, 其中, 所述微浮雕结构包括微透镜阵列 3以及嵌套在所述微透镜阵列 3中且与所述微透镜阵列 3位于同一平面内但与所述微透镜阵列 3不重合的 微图文阵列 4,所述微透镜阵列 3能够通过所述反射层 5对所述微图文阵列 4进行采样合成, 从而形成再现图像。
图 1中所示的微透镜阵列 3为球面微透镜阵列, 但是本领域技术人员 应当理解, 微透镜阵列 3 可以是由多个微透镜单元构成的非周期性阵列、 随机性阵列、 周期性阵列、 局部周期性阵列或它们的任意组合, 而且, 微 透镜单元并不局限于球面微透镜, 其可以是折射型微透镜、 衍射型微透镜 或它们的任意组合, 其中折射型微透镜可以选取球面微透镜、 椭球面微透 镜、 柱面微透镜或其它任意几何形状的基于几何光学的微透镜, 衍射型微 透镜可以选取谐衍射微透镜、 平面衍射微透镜、 菲涅耳波带片, 当然, 除 了菲涅耳波带片之外, 还可以选择连续曲面型或阶梯型透镜作为微透镜单 元。 另外, 微透镜阵列 3 可以由上述其中一种形式的微透镜构成或者可以 由上述多种形式的微透镜构成。
依据微透镜阵列 3 的排列形式及所需再现的效果, 所述微图文阵列 4 可以与所述微透镜阵列 3相对应, 并且根据本发明的微图文阵列 4相对应 的也可以为由多个微图文单元构成的非周期阵列、 随机性阵列、 周期性阵 列、 局部周期性阵列或它们的任意组合。
图 2和图 3分别示意性地示出了连续型球面微透镜阵列 3和与之相对 应并在同一微浮雕平面内的微图文阵列 4的两种排列方式,其中图 2和图 3 中所示的四边形 /六边形周期性排列的微透镜阵列 3与四边形 /六边形周期性 排列的微图文阵列 4之间存在排列周期的微差或两阵列之间存在排列方向 的相对微小错角, 从而在采样合成再现的范围内, 并特殊地进一步满足了 莫尔放大的条件。 莫尔放大原理描述了周期性排列的两阵列之间产生的一 种常见的光学现象。 下面简单地描述莫尔放大原理。 当微透镜阵列 3与微图文阵列 4的排列周期分别为 LFE„和 LFE 时, 莫尔 放大倍数为 =
Figure imgf000007_0001
- Ζ^」, 若 LFE„ > LFE^则人眼观察到的莫尔放大效果为 下沉的图像,若 LFE„ < LFE 则人眼观察到的莫尔放大效果为上浮的图像。当微 透镜阵列 3与微图文阵列 4的排列周期完全相同但存在两阵列的排列方向 之间的微小角度差 "时, 相应地, 莫尔放大倍数为 m = 0.5/sin(«/ 2), 此时人 眼观察到莫尔放大效果为移动方向与观察者视角偏移方向相正交的图像动 感效果。 应当理解的是, 可以根据产品要求, 基于莫尔放大原理来任意设 定微透镜阵列 3和与之相对应的微图文阵列 4的排列方式。
优选地, 当所设计的微透镜阵列 3和微图文阵列 4存在重合区域时, 通常优先保证微透镜阵列 3的完整性。 如图 2和图 3中, 微图文阵列 4存 在与微透镜阵列 3之间的周期差或阵列间角度差, 因此必然存在微透镜阵 列 3与微图文阵列 4的重合区域, 此时微透镜阵列 3将占据部分微图文阵 列 4的区域。 将重叠部分的微图文阵列 4略去能够消除微透镜阵列 3与微 图文阵列 4之间的相互干扰。 而且, 微图文阵列 4和微透镜阵列 3可以以 相互穿插或区域分割的方式共同存在于同一平面内。
优选地, 微浮雕结构与反射层 5之间的距离大约为微透镜阵列 3的焦 距的 1/2, 这样, 微透镜阵列 3就能够对微图文阵列 4在反射层 5中的虚像 进行采样合成以形成再现图像, 当所述光学防伪元件 1 的反射层 5为平面 镜面反射结构时, 微图文阵列 4在微透镜阵列 3所在的区域的正下方没有 虚像, 因此在微透镜阵列 3 上方的一定角度范围内无法观察到莫尔放大再 现图像, 即观察角度必须满足一定的条件才能观察到再现图像。 令观察角 度 为观察方向与光学防伪元件 1的平面法线方向的夹角,基材 2的厚度为 d , 球面微透镜 3的直径为 r, 则观察角度 arCtan(0.25rA )为能够观察到莫 尔放大再现图像的必要条件, 即当以观察角度 arCtan(0.25rA )观察时可以 透过微透镜阵列 3再现由反射层 5所成的微图文阵列 4的像, 所形成的莫 尔放大图像随着观察角度 的改变可具有图像变换、位置移动或景深变化等 的效果。另外, 由于微浮雕结构与反射层 5之间的距离大约为微透镜阵列 3 的焦距的 1/2左右,因此所述基材 2的厚度也为所述微透镜阵列 3的焦距的 1 /2 左右, 使得能够保证根据本发明的光学防伪元件产品对厚度控制的要 求, 即使得根据本发明的该光学防伪元件的厚度更薄, 方便了该光学防伪 元件的应用, 使得根据本发明的光学防伪元件特别适合于开窗安全线。
各种莫尔放大图像效果的设计方法与背景技术中介绍的微透镜阵列与 微图文阵列分别在各自平面内的结构所对应的莫尔放大图像效果的设计方 法相同。 但是需要强调的是, 由于根据本发明的光学防伪元件 1 中的微透 镜阵列 3与微图文阵列 4所组成的微浮雕结构可以通过一次原版制作完成, 因此能够准确控制微透镜阵列 3和微图文阵列 4在光学防伪元件 1的平面 内的相对位置关系, 从而能够容易地控制任意选取的观察角度下的莫尔放 大图像内容的确定性。
优选地, 根据本发明的周期性或局部周期性微透镜阵列 3和微图文阵 列 4的周期为 10微米至 200微米, 优选为 40微米至 100微米; 微透镜阵 列 3的焦距可以为 10微米至 200微米, 优选为 20微米至 60微米。 由于微 浮雕结构与反射层 5之间的距离优选大约为微透镜阵列 3的焦距的 1/2左 右, 所以基材 2的厚度可以为 5微米至 100微米, 优选为 10微米至 30微 米。优选地, 根据本发明的微浮雕结构的加工深度小于 15微米,优选为 0.5 微米至 10微米。
另外, 包括微透镜阵列 3和微图文阵列 4的微浮雕结构的原版可以通 过微加工工艺来实现, 具体来说, 可以通过光学曝光、 电子束曝光等工艺 实现, 还可以结合热熔回流等工艺来实现, 但是应当理解, 它们的实现方 法并不局限于上述方法。
优选地, 根据本发明的光学防伪元件 1中的基材 2可以是至少局部透 明的无色或有色介质层, 而且基材 2可以是一层单一的透明介质薄膜, 例 如采用 PET膜、 PVC膜等, 当然也可以是表面带有功能涂层(比如压印层) 的透明介质薄膜, 还可以是经过复合而成的多层膜。
优选地, 根据本发明的反射层 5可以用涂布、 印刷、 沉积等方式实现, 反射层 5所采用的材料可以是金属、 介质或它们的任意组合, 反射层 5的 结构可以是由金属、 介质或它们的任意组合构成的单层结构或多层结构。 其中, 金属可以采用铝、 金、 银、 铬、 铁等材料, 当然也可以采用合金; 介质可以采用 MgF2、 LiF、 Si02、 A1203、 Ti02、 ZnS、 Si3N4等材料。 当然, 本领域技术人员应当理解, 所述的金属和介质材料并不局限于上面所述的 材料, 其他金属和介质也是可以选择的。
优选地, 反射层 5 中还可以形成有镂空图案, 其中所述镂空图案可以 为宏观图案、 微文字、 精细线条等, 从而能够实现更好的防伪效果。
优选地, 反射层 5可以为能够按需求对反射光进行调制的浮雕结构, 包括平面、 曲面形状结构或它们的任意组合, 例如, 反射层 5可以是锯齿 型、 平面微反射镜型、 正弦型反射面, 采用这样的反射层 5 的优势在于能 够控制采样合成所形成的再现图像的观察角度。
例如, 图 4示出了根据本发明的反射层 5为锯齿型反射结构的光学防 伪元件 1 的剖面图。 入射光从位于基材 2的第一表面上的微浮雕结构入射 至位于基材 2的第二表面上的反射层 5后的出射方向由锯齿型反射层 5的 斜面倾角 决定。锯齿形反射层 5的一个优势是能够控制采样合成再现图像 的观察角度, 例如, 对于图 4所示的锯齿型反射层 5而言, 在光学防伪元 件 1 的法线左侧的观察角度范围可表征为观察角与元件法线方向夹角 > [arctan (0.25r/rf ) + >5] , 相应地, 在元件法线右侧的观察角度范围可表征为观 察角与元件法线方向夹角≥[arctan (0.25rA/;( - ]。
另外, 位于所述光学防伪元件 1的基材 2的第二表面上的用于调制反 射光方向的反射层 5 的原版可以通过微加工工艺来实现, 具体来说, 可以 通过光学曝光、 电子束曝光等工艺来实现, 当然还可以结合热熔回流等工 艺来实现,但是其实现方法并不局限于上述方法。而在制作光学防伪元件 1 时, 则可以通过将反射层 5的原版通过 UV压印工艺复制到基材 2的第二 表面上, 从而在基材 2的第二表面上形成反射层 5。
优选地, 可以在微浮雕结构的表面上覆盖保护层 6 (如图 5所示), 以 对根据本发明的微浮雕结构进行保护, 从而增加根据本发明的光学防伪元 件 1 的使用寿命。 其中, 保护层 6可以通过涂布、 印刷、 沉积、 填埋等工 艺形成, 并且其可以是一层或多层结构, 而且保护层 6优选是透明的。 当 保护层 6直接覆盖所述微浮雕结构时, 保护层 6的折射率小于微浮雕结构 的折射率, 并且两者的折射率的差值大于或等于 0.3 ; 而当保护层 6在深度 上并未完全覆盖微浮雕结构时, 保护层 6与微浮雕结构之间的折射率可以 不受限制。
当然, 图 5所示的保护层 6还可以兼具增加颜色效果的功能, 从而提 高采样合成再现图像的表现力。 应当理解的是, 增加颜色效果的功能可以 通过与保护层相分离的功能层来单独实现, 即不将增加颜色效果的功能集 成到保护层 6 中, 而是用单独的功能层来实现, 其中, 该功能层可以是一 层或多层结构, 并且该功能层也可以通过涂布、 印刷、 喷墨、 染色、 沉积 等方式实现, 功能层的材料可以选用但并不局限于油墨、 颜料、 染料、 液 晶、 荧光材料等。 应当理解的是, 该功能层可以位于所述微浮雕结构的上 表面、 所述微浮雕结构的下表面、 所述基材中、 所述反射层的上表面、 所 述反射层中、 所述反射层的下表面等中的一者或多者上, 并且该功能层可 以具有衍射光变特征、 干涉光变特征、 微纳结构特征、 印刷特征、 部分金 属化特征、 荧光特征、 用于机读的磁、 光、 电、 放射性特征等中一个或多 个特征。
优选地, 根据本发明的光学防伪元件 1 的一面或两面上可以涂布粘结 层, 以便能够将根据本发明的光学防伪元件 1与被保护的对象粘结在一起。 具体实施时, 可以将粘结胶涂布于上述的任何一种光学防伪元件 1 的第一 和 /或第二表面上, 粘结层可以覆盖其所涂布的表面的部分或全部。 当粘结 层与根据本发明的微浮雕结构直接接触时, 粘结层的折射率小于微浮雕结 构的折射率, 并且两者的折射率的差值大于或等于 0.3。
下面结合图 6a-6d对根据本发明的光学防伪元件 1的有益效果作进一步 的说明。 图 6a-6d示意性地示出了由球面微透镜 7、 椭球面微透镜 8、 柱面 微透镜 9、 谐衍射微透镜 10、 平面衍射微透镜 11、 菲涅耳波带片 12组成的 在平面内随机排列的微透镜阵列 3和相对应的微图文阵列 4所组成的微浮 雕结构的平面俯视图 (图 6a)、 立体结构示意图 (图 6b) 和人眼观察到的 采样合成再现图像示意图 (图 6c和 6d)。 图 6a-6d中的 " a、 b、 c、 d、 e、 f" 的实心和空心字符象征性地代表微图文阵列 3的微图文单元 (或称像素)。 其中图 6c和 6d示意性地分别示出了在观察角度 和 V下人眼所观察到的再 现图像 13和再现图像 14,而忽略其它观察角度下所对应的微图文阵列情况 以及再现图像情况。 图 6c和 6d还分别针对 和 V两个观察角度标明了从微 图文透射的光线被微透镜收集的路径。
图 6a-6d的示例可以进一步说明以下几点:
( 1 )微透镜阵列 3中的微透镜单元的选取可以是多样的, 可选取折射 型和衍射型微透镜中的一种或几种间的结合。
(2)微透镜阵列 3和微图文阵列 4均可以是非周期性的或随机排列的。 (3 )微透镜阵列 3和微图文阵列 4之间存在着相应的对应关系, 以实 现相应的再现图像。 图 6a-6d中示意性地给出了仅角度 和 V下观察到的两 帧再现图像。以此为基础,不难理解:对于任何观察角度 A≥arCtan(0.25rA ) (反 射层为平面镜面反射的情况), 其对应的再现图像均可按需求自由设定, 即 角度 A、 再现图像 A'、 角度 A下的微图文阵列/ Τ、 微图文阵列/ T在平面内 所覆盖区域/ r这四者中的任意两者之间是一一映射的。 当作为变量的观察 角度 A在 A≥ arctan(0.25r/ )的条件下连续变化时形成了观察的全视角, 在这 个过程中所对应的再现图像的所有内容均得到呈现, 同时微图文阵列具体 化为一个整体并覆盖所述基材 2 的第一表面上的微透镜阵列以外的所有区 域。 这样, 基于以上分析的结论, 可以通过设计微透镜阵列 3及微图文阵 列 4, 特别是设计微图文阵列 4的具体形式, 来得到下沉、 上浮、 动感、 缩 放、 旋转、 多通道转换、 连续景深变化图形、 三维图形、 连续多帧动画等 之一或多个效果的组合特征。
(4)对于现有技术中微透镜阵列与微图文阵列分别加工在基材的两侧 或一侧的结构而言, 由于微透镜阵列和微图文阵列之间的对位是无法控制 的, 所以任何一帧再现图像呈现给观察者时, 其所对应的观察角度都是不 可预知的, 将决定一些设计所产生的效果 (例如三维图像、 多帧动画等效 果) 的不确定性, 从而易出现立体视感消失、 图像不连续、 跳帧等现象, 而图 6a-6d的示例则明显地反映出根据本发明的光学防伪元件 1消除了上述 缺陷。
根据本发明的光学防伪元件 1特别适合制作成开窗安全线。 所述安全 线的厚度不大于 50 μ m。带有所述开窗安全线的防伪纸用于钞票、信用卡、 护照、 有价证券等各类高安全产品及高附加值产品的防伪以及各类包装纸、 包装盒等。
根据本发明的光学防伪元件 1也可用作标签、 标识、 宽条、 透明窗口、 覆膜等, 可以通过各种粘结机理粘附在各种物品上, 例如转移到钞票、 信 用卡等高安全产品和高附加值产品上。
另外, 在生产根据本发明的光学防伪元件 1时, 可以在基材 2的第一 表面上例如通过 UV压印工艺复制形成包含微透镜阵列 3和微图文阵列 4 的微浮雕结构层, 在基材 2的第二表面上蒸镀反射层 5。
生产根据本发明的光学防伪元件 1 的另一种方法是在不同的基材上分 别制作反射层 5和包含微透镜阵列 3以及微图文阵列 4的微浮雕结构, 再 经过本领域中公知的复合工艺将二者复合在一起。 两者复合时, 带有微透 镜阵列 3和微图文阵列 4的微浮雕结构的薄膜和带有反射层 5的薄膜可以 是背对背地复合, 即带有微透镜阵列 3和微图文阵列 4的微浮雕结构与反 射层 5 之间的距离为两层基材的厚度加上复合胶的厚度; 也可以是带有微 透镜阵列 3和微图文阵列 4的微浮雕结构的薄膜与带有反射层 5的薄膜面 向同一方向复合, 即微浮雕结构和反射层 5 之间的距离为其中一层基材的 厚度加上复合胶的厚度。
以上仅示例性地描述了本发明的某些优选实施方案。 但是本领域技术 人员可以理解, 在不偏离本发明构思和精神的前提下, 可以对本发明作出 各种等同变换或修改, 而如此得到的技术方案也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种光学防伪元件, 该光学防伪元件包括基材、 位于所述基材的第 一表面上且至少部分覆盖所述基材的第一表面的微浮雕结构以及位于所述 基材的第二表面上且至少部分覆盖所述基材的第二表面的反射层, 其中, 所述微浮雕结构包括微透镜阵列以及嵌套在所述微透镜阵列中且与所述微 透镜阵列位于同一平面内但与所述微透镜阵列不重合的微图文阵列, 所述 微透镜阵列能够通过所述反射层对所述微图文阵列进行采样合成, 从而形 成再现图像。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述微浮雕结构与所 述反射层之间的距离为所述微透镜阵列的焦距的二分之一。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述微透镜阵列为由 多个微透镜单元构成的周期性阵列和 /或非周期性阵列和 /或随机性阵列和 / 或局部周期性阵列。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述微透镜单元为折 射型和 /或衍射型微透镜。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述微透镜单元的焦 距为 10微米至 200微米。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述微透镜单元的焦 距为 20微米至 60微米。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述微图文阵列为由 多个微图文单元构成的周期性阵列和 /或非周期性阵列和 /或随机性阵列和 / 或局部周期性阵列。
8、根据权利要求 3至 7中任一项权利要求所述的光学防伪元件,其中, 所述周期为 10微米至 200微米。
9、根据权利要求 3至 7中任一项权利要求所述的光学防伪元件,其中, 所述周期为 40微米至 100微米。
10、 根据权利要求 1 所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述微浮雕结构的 加工深度小于 15微米。
11、 根据权利要求 1 所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述微浮雕结构的 加工深度为 0.5微米至 10微米。
12、 根据权利要求 1 所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述微浮雕结构的 表面上覆盖有保护层, 并且当所示微浮雕结构与所述保护层直接接触时, 所述保护层的折射率小于所述微浮雕结构的折射率, 并且两者的折射率的 差值大于或等于 0.3。
13、 根据权利要求 1 所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 该光学防伪元件还 包括位于所述微浮雕结构的上表面和 /或所述微浮雕结构的下表面和 /或所 述基材中和 /或所述反射层的上表面和 /或所述反射层中和 /或所述反射层的 下表面的、 能够实现颜色效果的功能层。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述功能层还具有 衍射光变特征、 干涉光变特征、 微纳结构特征、 印刷特征、 部分金属化特 征、 荧光特征和 /或用于机读的磁、 光、 电、 放射性特征。
15、 根据权利要求 1 所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述反射层为单层 结构或多层结构, 并且每层结构由金属、 介质或金属和介质的组合构成。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述反射层中形成 有镂空图案。
17、 根据权利要求 1所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述反射层为能够 对反射光进行调制的浮雕结构。
18、 根据权利要求 1所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 所述光学防伪元件 还包括位于所述光学防伪元件的一面或两面上的粘结层。
19、 根据权利要求 18所述的光学防伪元件, 其中, 当所述粘结层与所 述微浮雕结构直接接触时, 所述粘结层的折射率小于所述微浮雕结构的折 射率, 并且两者的折射率差值大于或等于 0.3。
20、 使用根据权利要求 1至 19中任一项权利要求所述的光学防伪元件 的防伪产品。
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