WO2013141720A1

WO2013141720A1 - A flow restrictor

Info

Publication number: WO2013141720A1
Application number: PCT/NZ2013/000048
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andrew Leo Haynes
Original assignee: Andrew Leo Haynes
Priority date: 2012-03-22
Filing date: 2013-03-22
Publication date: 2013-09-26
Also published as: US20140069964A1; US9943876B2; EP2828005B1; US20180221912A1; EP2828005A4; AU2013201817A1; US10596590B2; EP2828005A1; EP3848128A1; AU2013201817B2

Abstract

This invention relates to an apparatus for dispensing a viscous fluid whether in combination, disassembly or assembly. The apparatus comprising a cartridge, reservoir or tube containing the fluid and having an openable or opened outlet structure which, when opened, allows the expression of the fluid from a created outlet aperture. A nozzle is engaged or engageable to the outlet structure and/or cartridge, reservoir or tube whereby fluid expressed from the outlet aperture can subsequently move to and be expressed from the nozzle outlet. The openable or opened outlet structure is adapted to provide on opening at least one outlet aperture having a size of area A; and wherein the nozzle has or is adapted to be cut to provide a nozzle outlet of area B, area B being greater than or equal to area A.

Description

"A FLOW RESTRICTOR"

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to devices and assemblies for assisting in the dispensing and application of a bead of viscous material along a join, channel or surface.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

[0002] It is common for sealing, caulking and adhesive agents or similar pastelike, gel-like or viscous materials to be applied to surfaces or between surfaces by extruding the substance through a nozzle whilst simultaneously moving the nozzle in order to form a bead that extends along the surfaces or edges to be joined or sealed.

[0003] There are a wide variety of implements designed to assist in the formation and application of the bead of material. Often the material is supplied in a cartridge which allows, via a trigger mechanism or otherwise, for a user to express the material from the cartridge. Usually the material is expressed through a nozzle to improve the accuracy and evenness of the bead.

[0004] The nozzle may be integral to the cartridge, or may be a separate component which is attached to the cartridge after an opening through which to express the material has been created in the cartridge. The cartridge will often have a somewhat cylindrical protrusion with an appropriately sized diameter which can be cut away by a saw or knife to form such an opening when required.

[0005] Even with the nozzled implement_/ it is difficult to control the flow of the viscous material, and therefore the result is an undulating and variable bead. Sometimes the application of the material may be discontinuous along the length of the surface or join.

[0006] Often more material than is needed will flow from the nozzle, causing mess and wastage. This not only looks unattractive, but also means that different portions of the bead will have different drying times. In some instances, for example when applying adhesive, the user will have to subsequently wipe over the bead to flatten it into a thin even material layer. This is essential to ensure the integrity of the bond formed.

[0007] The shape and consistency (particularly in cross section) of the bead are directly affected by the magnitude of the pressure applied to the cartridge and the speed at which the user moves the nozzle along the surface or join. Typically there is little to assist the user in regulating either of these parameters except for, perhaps, the user's own skill and experience. The response of the implement, especially to variations in pressure, can be unpredictable and/or variable; and this makes it difficult for the user to regulate the flow of the viscous material effectively. In some circumstances the application of a continuous pressure will still result in intermittent bead formation.

[0008] It is therefore an object of the current invention to provide an implement which will assist in effectively regulating the flow of a viscous material expressed under pressure from a cartridge and through a nozzle; or at least to provide the public with a useful choice. [0009] It is a further or alternative object of the present invention to provide an implement which will assist a user in the accurate application of an evenly shaped and consistent bead of viscous material along a join, channel or surface; or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.

[0010] It is a further or alternative object of the present invention to ameliorate, at least to some degree, the problems identified above; or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.

[0011] In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such documents, or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the common general knowledge in the art.

[0012] Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] In one aspect the invention is an apparatus for dispensing a viscous fluid, (whether in combination, disassembly or assembly) the apparatus comprising or including a cartridge, reservoir or tube containing the fluid and having an openable or opened outlet structure which, when opened, allows the expression of the fluid from a created outlet aperture, and a nozzle engaged or engageable to the outlet structure and/or cartridge, reservoir or tube whereby fluid expressed from the outlet aperture can subsequently move to and be expressed from the nozzle outlet; wherein the openable or opened outlet structure is adapted to provide on opening at least one outlet aperture having a size of area A; and wherein the nozzle has or is adapted to be cut to provide a nozzle outlet of area B, area B being greater than or equal to area A.

[0014] Preferably said viscous fluid is a sealing, grouting, caulking, levelling, joining agent, an adhesive, and/or another type of viscous liquid, acid, foam, lotion, paste or gel.

[0015] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said opening structure comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

[0016] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said opening structure comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface.

[0017] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said opening structure comprises a stepped or otherwise progressively reducing cross section.

[0018] Preferably said outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet structure. Alternatively, the outlet structure comprises a frangible film or membrane, such a film or membrane frangible or capable of being removed or ruptured, more preferably can be removed or ruptured manually by a user or may be removed on application of said external pressure to form said outlet aperture. For example, a relatively thin polymer film or membrane may be provided for sealing purposes of the outlet structure, which once removed, provides for the outlet aperture of a pre- determined size. Such a pre-determined size being equal to or less than the cross-sectional area of the nozzle outlet.

[0019] Preferably said outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet structure in a plane at least substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet structure. [0020] Preferably said outlet aperture is substantially circular.

[0021] Preferably the size of said outlet aperture can be selected by locating the cutting plane at particular positions along the longitudinal axis of the outlet structure. Alternatively, the outlet aperture can be selected by selectively removing a frangible film or membrane, such a film or membrane frangible or capable of being removed or ruptured, more preferably can be removed or ruptured manually by a user or may be removed on application of said external pressure to form said outlet aperture. [0022] Preferably there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the outlet structure to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired outlet aperture size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the outlet structure in a plane located at a particular position.

[0023] Preferably said outlet structure is adapted by the insertion of a flow restricting component within or proximate to said outlet structure to provide said aperture. Alternatively, the flow restricting component comprises a frangible film or membrane, such a film or membrane frangible or capable of being removed or ruptured, more preferably can be removed or ruptured manually by a user or may be removed on application of said external pressure to form said outlet aperture through which said fluid can be expressed into said nozzle.

[0024] For example, a relatively thin polymer film or membrane may be provided for sealing purposes of the outlet structure, which once removed, provides for the outlet aperture of a pre-determined size. Such a pre-determined size being equal to or less than the cross-sectional area of the nozzle outlet.

[0025] For example, the outlet structure may have a pre-determined size of outlet, which, upon removing of a portion of material (e.g. such as a film or membrane or other material), can provide for an outlet of a size less than the outlet aperture. [0026] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

[0027] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface. [0028] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a stepped or otherwise progressively reducing cross section. [0029] Preferably said outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the flow restricting component. Alternatively, the outlet aperture can be selected by selectively removing a frangible film or membrane, such a film or membrane frangible or capable of being removed or ruptured, more preferably can be removed or ruptured manually by a user or may be removed on application of said external pressure to form said outlet aperture.

[0030] Preferably said outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the flow restricting component in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the restricting component. [0031] Preferably said outlet aperture is substantially circular.

[0032] Preferably the size of said outlet aperture can be selected by locating the cutting plane at particular positions along the longitudinal axis of the flow restricting component.

[0033] Preferably there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the flow restricting component to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired outlet aperture size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the flow restricting component in a plane located at a particular position. [0034] Preferably said flow restricting component is integral to or associable with said nozzle.

[0035] Preferably said outlet structure can be adapted by the insertion, within or proximate to said outlet structure, of one of a series of interchangeable flow restricting components, each providing a different sized outlet aperture. For example, each of said flow restricting components comprises said outlet aperture such that each such outlet aperture is of a pre-determined size.

[0036] Preferably said flow restricting component may be integral to the shape of the outlet structure of the cartridge, reservoir or tube, and may be provided by way of a separate insert fitted between a nozzle (e.g. a conical nozzle) and the outlet structure of the cartridge, reservoir or tube. For example, the nozzle could be integral with the cartridge, reservoir or tube. [0037] Preferably, the flow restricting component ensures there is less pressure inside the nozzle and/or at the nozzle outlet aperture, than of the fluid within the cartridge, reservoir or tube. For example, there is a reduced pressure differential between the pressure of fluid within the nozzle and the fluid ejected or expressed from the nozzle out. Advantageously, this may help reduce fluid leaking from the nozzle outlet after a user has stopped actively applying pressure (e.g. squeezing) to the cartridge (etc).

[0038] For example, preferably the apparatus provides for a reduced pressure differential between fluid in the cartridge, container or tube and the fluid in the nozzle when said fluid is being expressed. [0039] Preferably the flow restricting component provides for one or more openings through which the fluid (e.g. contents of the cartridge, reservoir or tube) can flow.

[0040] Preferably said outlet structure can be adapted, by the insertion of a flow restricting component as previously described or otherwise, to provide an outlet aperture having a diameter of any desired size selected from the range of diameters between 1mm and 10mm.

[0041] Preferably the fluid may be ejected from the cartridge, reservoir or tube through an outlet, and encounter a flow restricting component (or an orifice or aperture of such a component), before flowing through said nozzle (e.g. a conical nozzle, although may not be limited to such), such fluid then being ejected out through the nozzle outlet to form a bead under a continuous or substantially continuous pressure.

[0042] Preferably the apparatus is a combination of a cartridge, container or tube containing the fluid and a nozzle attachable to duct to a nozzle outlet fluid to be expressed from the cartridge, container or tube via an outlet profile when opened, the outlet profile being openable by cutting or the like selectively of the profile to define an opening of increasing area Ai, A₂ etc; wherein the nozzle outlet is of area Bj (but optionally can be cut to greater area B₂ etc); and wherein at least Ai is less than or equal to in area than Βχ. [0043] Preferably area A₂ is less than or equal to in area than B₂ etc.

[0044] Preferably the apparatus further comprises (whether in combination, assembly or disassembly) a cartridge, container or tube having an outlet region; and an attachable nozzle having an inlet region and an outlet region; wherein a viscous fluid to be expressed from the cartridge, container or tube into and out of the nozzle is restricted or to be restricted by a smaller or equal sized inlet region into the nozzle from the cartridge, container or tube than the size of the nozzle outlet region.

[0045] Preferably wherein said viscous fluid is a sealing, grouting, caulking, levelling, joining agent, an adhesive, and/or another type of viscous liquid, acid, foam, lotion, paste or gel.

[0046] Preferably wherein said outlet region of the cartridge container or tube is defined by an outlet profile having an opening.

[0047] Preferably wherein said outlet profile is provided by the insertion of a flow restricting component within or proximate to an outlet region of said cartridge, container or tube.

[0048] Preferably wherein said apparatus comprises a flow restricting

component for use in conjunction with a cartridge, reservoir or tube containing viscous contents, said cartridge, reservoir or tube having an outlet region and a mechanism by which its contents can be expressed or ejected through the outlet region under the application of external pressure; wherein said flow restricting component is adapted to fit over or inside of said outlet region; and wherein said flow restricting component provides one or more openings through which the contents can subsequently flow.

[0049] Preferably wherein portions of said component can be cut away or otherwise removed to provide a range of resistances to the flow of the material when it is ejected from the cartridge.

[0050] Preferably wherein said flow restricting component is integral or associable with said nozzle.

[0051] Preferably the apparatus as described above further comprising a container for holding a viscous substance said container having a moulded spout without a spout outlet extending from, and with its spout axis within, a male threaded region (i.e. threaded to engage a female threaded complementary nozzle); the moulded spout having a reducing internal periphery (preferably stepped) aligned transversely of the spout axis; wherein said spout outlet is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the spout in a plane perpendicular to the spout axis; and wherein the size of said spout outlet can be selected according to the diameter of the internal periphery at the location along the spout axis at which the cutting plane is positioned.

[0052] Preferably wherein said spout has a stepped external periphery, each step according a predetermined outlet size when cut transversely.

[0053] Preferably wherein said apparatus is a combination (whether in assembly or disassembly, or otherwise) of a container having a spout structure and a nozzle attachable to or attached to the container so as to receive the content of the container via the spout when the spout structure has been opened and to allow the liquid to be expressed reliant on pressure applied within the container out of the nozzle's outlet; wherein one or more discrete opening positions are provided for the spout structure; and wherein the nozzle has a formed opening and/or has one or more discrete opening positions; and wherein instructions (or preforming of the spout structure opening) are provided to encourage a flow restriction into the nozzle for the or a particular nozzle opening size.

[0054] Preferably wherein said spout structure has a stepped external periphery, each step according a predetermined outlet size when cut transversely.

[0055] Preferably wherein the fluid containing cartridge, container or tube comprises a relatively smaller or equal cross-sectional area of infeed for flow of a fluid from a nozzle via an infeed region relative to the cross-sectional area of the outfeed for flow of fluid received from the nozzle via an outfeed region.

[0056] The above embodiments and preferred features may be provided in combination with the features described below.

[0057] In another aspect of the invention is a cartridge, reservoir or tube as aforesaid or of or for apparatus as aforesaid. [0058] In another aspect of the invention is a nozzle as aforesaid or of or for apparatus as aforesaid.

[0059] In another aspect the invention is an apparatus for dispensing viscous fluid, the apparatus being a combination of a cartridge, container or tube containing the fluid and a nozzle attachable to duct to a nozzle outlet fluid to be expressed from the cartridge via an outlet profile when opened, the outlet profile being openabie by cutting or the like selectively of the profile to define an opening of increasing area A_lf A₂ etc; wherein the nozzle outlet is of area Bi (but optionally can be cut to greater area B₂ etc); and wherein at least A_x is less than or equal to in area than Bi.

[0060] Preferably A₂ is less than or equal to in area than B₂ etc.

[0061] Preferably said viscous fluid is a sealing, grouting, caulking, levelling, joining agent, an adhesive, and/or another type of viscous liquid, acid, foam, lotion, paste or gel. [0062] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

[0063] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface.

[0064] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a stepped or otherwise progressively reducing cross section.

[0065] Preferably said opening is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet profile.

[0066] Preferably said opening is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet profile in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet profile.

[0067] Preferably said opening is substantially circular.

[0068] Preferably the size of said opening can be selected by locating the cutting plane at particular positions along the longitudinal axis of the outlet profile.

[0069] Preferably there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the outlet profile to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired opening size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the outlet profile in a plane located at a particular position. [0070] Preferably said outlet profile is provided by the insertion of a flow restricting component within or proximate to an outlet region of said cartridge, container or tube.

[0071] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

[0072] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface.

[0073] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a stepped or otherwise progressively reducing cross section.

[0074] Preferably said opening is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the flow restricting component.

[0075] Preferably said opening is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the flow restricting component in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the restricting component.

[0076] Preferably said opening is substantially circular.

[0077] Preferably the size of said opening can be selected by locating the cutting plane at particular positions along the longitudinal axis of the flow restricting component. [0078] Preferably there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the flow restricting component to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired opening size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the flow restricting component in a plane located at a particular position. [0079] Preferably said flow restricting component is integral to or associable with said nozzle.

[0080] Preferably said outlet profile can be adapted by the insertion, within or proximate to said outlet structure, of one of a series of interchangeable flow restricting components, each providing a different sized opening.

[0081] Preferably said outlet profile can be adapted, by the insertion of a flow restricting component as previously described or otherwise, to provide an opening having a diameter of any desired size selected from the range of diameters between 1mm and 10mm. [0082] In another aspect the invention is a dispensing apparatus (whether in combination, assembly or disassembly) involving a cartridge, container or tube having an outlet region; and an attachable nozzle having an inlet region and an outlet region; characterised in that or wherein a viscous fluid to be expressed from the cartridge, container or tube into and out of the nozzle is restricted or to be restricted by a smaller or equal sized inlet region into the nozzle from the cartridge, container or tube than the size of the nozzle outlet region.

[0083] Preferably said viscous fluid is a sealing, grouting, caulking, levelling, joining agent, an adhesive, and/or another type of viscous liquid, acid, foam, lotion, paste or gel.

[0084] Preferably said outlet region of the cartridge container or tube is defined by an outlet profile having an opening.

[0085] Preferably said outlet profile is provided by the insertion of a flow restricting component within or proximate to an outlet region of said cartridge, container or tube.

[0086] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

[0087] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface. [0088] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a stepped or otherwise progressively reducing cross section.

[0089] Preferably said opening is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet profile. [0090] Preferably said opening is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet profile in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet profile.

[0091] Preferably said opening is substantially circular.

[0092] Preferably the size of said opening can be selected by locating the cutting plane at particular positions along the longitudinal axis of the outlet profile.

[0093] Preferably there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the outlet profile to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired opening size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the outlet profile in a plane located at a particular position.

[0094] Preferably said outlet profile can be provided by the insertion, within or proximate to the outlet region of said cartridge, container or tube, of one of a series of interchangeable flow restricting components, each providing a different sized opening. [0095] Preferably said outlet profile can, by the insertion of a flow restricting component as previously described or otherwise, provide an opening having a diameter of any desired size selected from the range of diameters between 1mm and 10mm.

[0096] In another aspect the invention is a method of enhancing the control of a viscous fluid dispensing as a bead on a surface which involves ensuring a smaller or equal cross sectional area of infeed flow from a fluid containing cartridge, container or tube into a nozzle via an infeed region than the cross sectional area of the outfeed flow of received fluid from the nozzle via an outfeed region.

[0097] Preferably said viscous fluid is a sealing, grouting, caulking, levelling, joining agent, an adhesive, and/or another type of viscous liquid, acid, foam, lotion, paste or gel. [0098] Preferably said infeed region of the nozzle is defined by and

complementary to an outlet profile having an opening; said outlet profile being integral to or associated with said cartridge, container or tube.

[0099] Preferably said outlet profile is provided by the insertion of a flow restricting component within or proximate to an outlet region of said cartridge, container or tube.

[00100] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

[00101] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface.

[00102] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a stepped or otherwise progressively reducing cross section.

[00103] Preferably said opening is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet profile.

[0100] Preferably said opening is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet profile in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet profile.

[0101] Preferably said opening is substantially circular.

[0102] Preferably the size of said opening can be selected by locating the cutting plane at particular positions along the longitudinal axis of the outlet profile.

[0103] Preferably there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the outlet profile to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired opening size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the outlet profile in a plane located at a particular position.

[0104] Preferably said outlet profile can be provided by the insertion, within or proximate to the outlet region of said cartridge, container or tube, of one of a series of interchangeable flow restricting components, each providing a different sized opening. [0105] Preferably said outlet profile can, by the insertion of a flow restricting component as previously described or otherwise, provide an opening having a diameter of any desired size selected from the range of diameters between 1mm and 10mm.

[0106] In yet another aspect the invention is a flow restricting component for use in conjunction with a cartridge, reservoir or tube containing viscous contents, said cartridge, reservoir or tube having an outlet region and a mechanism by which its contents can be expressed or ejected through the outlet region under the application of external pressure; wherein said flow restricting component is adapted to fit over or inside of said outlet region; and wherein said flow restricting component provides one or more openings through which the contents can subsequently flow.

[0107] Preferably portions of said component can be cut away or otherwise removed to provide a range of resistances to the flow of the material when it is ejected from the cartridge.

[0108] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

[0109] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface.

[0110] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a stepped or otherwise progressively reducing cross section.

[0111] Preferably said outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the flow restricting component.

[0112] Preferably said outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the flow restricting component in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the restricting component.

[0113] Preferably said outlet aperture is substantially circular. [0114] Preferably the size of said outlet aperture can be selected by locating the cutting plane at particular positions along the longitudinal axis of the flow restricting component.

[0115] Preferably there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the flow restricting component to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired outlet aperture size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the flow restricting component in a plane located at a particular position. [0116] In another aspect the invention is a container for holding a viscous substance said container having a moulded spout without a spout outlet extending from, and with its spout axis within, a male threaded region (i .e. threaded to engage a female threaded complementary nozzle); the moulded spout having a reducing internal periphery (preferably stepped) aligned transversely of the spout axis; wherein said spout outlet is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the spout in a plane perpendicular to the spout axis; and wherein the size of said spout outlet can be selected according to the diameter of the internal periphery at the location along the spout axis at which the cutting plane is positioned. [0117] Preferably said spout has a a stepped external periphery, each step according a predetermined outlet size when cut transversely.

[0118] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said spout comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

[0119] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said spout comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface.

[0120] Preferably there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the spout to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired outlet size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the spout in a plane located at a particular position.

[0121] In yet another aspect the invention is the combination (whether in assembly or disassembly, or otherwise) of a container having a spout structure and a nozzle attachable to or attached to the container so as to receive the content of the container via the spout when the spout structure has been opened and to allow the liquid to be expressed reliant on pressure applied within the container out of the nozzle's outlet; wherein one or more discrete opening positions are provided for the spout structure; and wherein the nozzle has a formed opening and/or has one or more discrete opening positions; and wherein instructions (or preforming of the spout structure opening) are provided to encourage a flow restriction into the nozzle for the or a particular nozzle opening size.

[0122] Preferably said spout structure has a stepped external periphery, each step according a predetermined outlet size when cut transversely.

[0123] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said spout structure comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

[0124] Preferably an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said spout structure comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface.

[0125] Preferably there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the spout structure to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired opening size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the spout in a plane located at a particular position. [0126] It will be appreciated the various embodiments and preferred features as described above can be provided in combination with each other. Such combinations being contemplated as part of this invention.

[0127] As used herein the term "and/or" means "and" or "or", or both. [0128] As used herein the term "(s)" following a noun includes, as might be appropriate, the singular or plural forms of that noun.

[0129] The term "comprising" as used in this specification means "consisting at least in part of". When interpreting each statement in this specification that includes the term "comprising", features other than that or those prefaced by the term may also be present. Related terms such as "comprise" and "comprises" are to be interpreted in the same manner.

[0130] This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more of said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.

[0131] The invention consists in the foregoing and also envisages constructions of which the following gives examples only. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0132] A preferred form of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which

[0133] Figure 1 shows a cross sectional view of the top of a cartridge and a nozzle to be assembled by a threaded connection, [0134] Figure 2 shows a cross sectional view of a cartridge having a flow restricting orifice according to the present invention, said cartridge having a nozzle attachment and being filled with a viscous material to be expressed from the cartridge under the application of external pressure,

[0135] Figures 3A, 3B and 3C show beads of sealing material having been applied from a cartridge through a nozzle having a 7.5mm diameter outlet and at the same linear speed of movement of the nozzle relative to the application surface, but each having passed through a different sized restrictor orifice prior to the outlet, each of which additionally illustrate a cross-sectional view as A-A, B-B, or C-C,

[0136] Figures 4A and 4B show beads of sealing material having been applied from a cartridge through a nozzle having a 5 mm diameter outlet and at the same linear speed of movement of the nozzle relative to the application surface, but each having passed through a different sized restrictor orifice prior to the outlet, each of which additionally illustrate a cross-sectional view as D-D, E-E, or F-F,

[0137] Figure 5 shows a flow restricting assembly of the present invention having a separate and possibly removable or interchangeable insert to provide a flow restricting orifice,

[0138] Figure 6 shows another embodiment of the flow restricting assembly wherein the orifice is integral to the nozzle component,

[0139] Figure 7 shows a cartridge having a conical surface about the top of the outlet region which can be cut to provide a range of different restrictor orifice sizes, [0140] Figure 8 shows a cartridge having a series of stepped protrusions about the top of the outlet region which can be accurately cut to provide a range of different restrictor orifice sizes, and

[0141] Figure 9 shows a nozzle component having a series of snap off restrictor inserts to be used as part of an assembly of the current invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0142] The present invention is a component or an assembly of components which can be used in conjunction with a cartridge, container or tube containing a viscous material, wherein the cartridge, container or tube allows for the material to be expressed under the application of external pressure, either by a ram or trigger mechanism (for example as seen on a silicone cartridge) or by some other direct or indirect transmission of force (for example a squeezable bottle or tube). The application of pressure may be continuous or semi-continuous, but in some instances could be cyclical or non-continuous.

[0143] Generally such cartridges, containers and tubes are supplied in a sealed state (as shown in Figure 1) to prevent air from reaching their contents. The opening through which the material is to be expressed will be created immediately prior to use with the aid of a readily available implement such as a knife, hacksaw or drill, for example by cutting along line 2. Alternatively there may a lid or cap which can be removed to create the opening. For example, there may also be a frangible or rupturable film or membrane removable by a user or removable on application of the external pressure, such that an outlet aperture of a pre-determined size is provided.

[0144] It is envisaged that a separate nozzle piece 3, able to be attached to the outlet region by a threaded connection 4 (as shown in Figure 1) or other type of connection, will be provided along with the cartridge to aid in the application of the viscous material. In yet other embodiments, such a nozzle piece 3 may be an integral part of a cartridge, reservoir or tube.

[0145] Some examples of some of the types of viscous material toward which the invention is directed are silicone, epoxy, polyurethane and other viscous adhesive, caulking, sealing, grouting , levelling or joining agents, liquids, acids, foams, lotions, gels and pastes. These agents are widely available in the types of cartridges, containers and tubes described above.

[0146] The main features of a preferred embodiment of the present invention are as shown in Figure 2. The viscous material 5 will be ejected from the cartridge through outlet region 6, and will then encounter a flow restricting orifice 7 before flowing through into a conical nozzle region 8. The material will then be ejected through the nozzle outlet 9 and form a bead 10 under a continuous or substantially continuous pressure.

[0147] The cross sectional area of the nozzle outlet 9 should be the same size as, or larger than that of the flow restricting orifice 7. Preferably both the nozzle outlet 9 and the restricting orifice 7 are circular in shape, however this need not be the case.

[0148] Because the flow of the material is restricted before it gets to the nozzle region 8, it is easier to control the formation of the bead 10 at the nozzle outlet 9. For a given linear speed of movement of the nozzle relative to the application surface, the bead 10 which comes out of the nozzle outlet 9 will be thinner and more even than if no flow restrictor had been used. This results in less wastage of the viscous material 5, better application control and, where applicable, more even drying and/or bonding of the viscous material. The bead will be continuous along the length of the join or surface rather than being intermittent in parts. [0149] The thin, continuous bead is particularly advantageous in adhesive dispensing applications where a pressure sensitive adhesive is being used. The consistency of the bead ensures an even bond pressure and allows the mating surfaces to be evenly wet out for sufficient bonding in all regions of the bead. [0150] Another advantage to the restrictor is that there is less pressure inside the nozzle at the outlet 9.The material will not continue leaking from the outlet 9 after the user has stopped actively applying pressure to the cartridge 5 due to pressure build up in the nozzle. [0151] Beads of silicone, all applied at approximately the same linear speed of movement of the nozzle relative to the application surface, but using different sized nozzle and restrictor combinations are shown in Figures 3 and 4.

[0152] Figure 3A shows a strip of sealing agent which has been applied through a nozzle opening 9 of 7.5mm in diameter from a cartridge having an 8mm diameter outlet region 6 and no restrictor. An illustrative cross section is also shown. Figure 3B shows a strip applied through the same sized nozzle outlet 9, but wherein a 5mm restrictor orifice 7 has been placed at the outlet region 6. An illustrative cross section is also shown. It can be seen that a thinner, smoother and more uniform bead 10 has been achieved with the use of the restrictor. Similarly, use of a 2.5mm diameter restrictor orifice 7 gives an even thinner and more easily controllable bead 10 as shown in Figure 3C (illustrative cross section also shown).

[0153] A similar difference can be seen when comparing Figure 4A, which shows a bead 10 applied through a 5mm diameter nozzle outlet 9 in the absence of a restrictor and Figure 4B which shows a bead 10 applied through the same outlet 9 with a 2.5mm diameter restrictor orifice 7. Illustrative cross sections are also shown alongside the respective beads. In some cases the restrictor orifice 7 and the nozzle outlet 9 may have the same diameter, but there will still be some utility in this arrangement because the restrictor will reduce the pressure behind the nozzle outlet 9 so that the flow is easier to control. [0154] The flow restricting orifice 7 may be integral to the shape of the outlet region 6 of the cartridge, or may be provided by way of a separate insert 11 which is fitted between the conical nozzle 8 and the outlet region 6 of the cartridge. An example of how this might be assembled is shown in Figure 5. Alternatively, the restrictor orifice 7 could be integral to the conical nozzle component 8, as shown in Figure 6. In further embodiments the restrictor component may be associated with the nozzle in such a way as to be removable or interchangeable. One or more such flow restricting components (e.g. a nozzle) may be provided to together provide for an outlet or aperture of a pre-determined cross-sectional area, such that the outlet through which a fluid is expressed into a nozzle is of equal or lesser size than the size of the outlet from the nozzle from which the fluid is expressed. [0155] The size of the nozzle outlet 9 can be varied by cutting the conical nozzle

8 at different distances from its apex in order to achieve the desired bead size.

[0156] The size of the bead 10 required, and in particular its cross sectional width, will depend upon the application. For example, plumbing applications may call for a thicker bead than grouting or tiling applications. For this reason the nozzle 8 may be supplied with a reasonably narrow aperture at its apex (or no aperture), so that the user can cut the nozzle outlet 9 to size as needed. The present invention envisages that the size of the restrictor orifice 7 be similarly adjustable by way of cutting or snapping off portions of the outlet region 6 in order to achieve a restrictor of dimensions which are appropriate and/or optimal given the chosen size of the nozzle outlet 9.

[0157] The first way in which such an adjustable restrictor orifice 7 can be provided is, as shown in Figure 7, to add (integrally or as a separate component) a conical or substantially conical surface 12 to a cylindrically protruding outlet region 6 of the cartridge 5. This surface 12 can then be cut at varying distances from the apex to give the desired orifice diameter. There may be markings 14 or other indicators to assist in locating the cut.

[0158] In another embodiment the cartridge is provided with a series of concentric cylindrical protrusions 15 as shown in Figure 8. These protrusions 15 can be cut off or otherwise removed according to the size of the orifice 7 required. Again, notches 16 or other profile features may assist in locating the cut.

[0159] A further alternative, shown in Figure 9, is to provide, perhaps moulded as part of the conical nozzle, or perhaps as a separate component, a series of snap off inserts 17 each having a different sized orifice 7. The inserts can be used, interchanged, disposed of and replaced as necessary. [0160] For typical sealing and adhesive cartridges it is convenient to provide restrictors which can provide 2.5mm, 5mm and 7.5mm or 8mm restrictor orifice sizes. For other cartridges, containers and tubes the size range and increments will vary depending on the application.

[0161] The foregoing description of the invention includes preferred forms thereof. Modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for dispensing a viscous fluid, (whether in combination, disassembly or assembly) the apparatus comprising a cartridge, reservoir or tube containing the fluid and having an openable or opened outlet structure which, when opened, allows the expression of the fluid from a created outlet aperture, and a nozzle engaged or engageable to the outlet structure and/or cartridge, reservoir or tube whereby fluid expressed from the outlet aperture can subsequently move to and be expressed from the nozzle outlet; wherein the openable or opened outlet structure is adapted to provide on opening at least one outlet aperture having a size of area A; and wherein the nozzle has or is adapted to be cut to provide a nozzle outlet of area B, area B being greater than or equal to area A.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said viscous fluid is one or more of: a sealing, grouting, caulking, levelling, joining agent, an adhesive, and/or another type of viscous liquid, acid, foam, lotion, paste or gel.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said opening structure comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

4. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said opening structure comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface.

5. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said opening structure comprises a stepped or otherwise progressively reducing cross section.

6. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet structure.

7. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet structure in a plane at least substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet structure.

8. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said outlet aperture is substantially circular.

9. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a size of said outlet aperture can be selected by locating the cutting plane at particular positions along the longitudinal axis of the outlet structure.

10. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the outlet structure to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired outlet aperture size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the outlet structure in a plane located at a particular position.

11. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said outlet structure is adapted by the insertion of a flow restricting component within or proximate to said outlet structure to provide said aperture.

12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a

substantially conical or frustoconical surface.

14. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a stepped or otherwise progressively reducing cross section.

15. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein said outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the flow restricting component.

16. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein said outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the flow restricting component in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the restricting component.

17. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein said outlet aperture is substantially circular.

18. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the size of said outlet aperture can be selected by locating the cutting plane at particular positions along the longitudinal axis of the flow restricting component.

19. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the flow restricting component to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired outlet aperture size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the flow restricting component in a plane located at a particular position.

20. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein said flow restricting component is integral to or associable with said nozzle.

21. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 20, wherein said outlet structure can be adapted by the insertion, within or proximate to said outlet structure, of one of a series of interchangeable flow restricting components, each providing a different sized outlet aperture.

22. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 21, wherein said outlet structure can be adapted, by the insertion of a flow restricting component as previously described or otherwise, to provide an outlet aperture having a diameter of any desired size selected from the range of diameters of about 1mm to about 10mm.

23. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the apparatus provides for reduced pressure differential between fluid in the cartridge, reservoir or tube and the fluid in the nozzle when said fluid is being expressed.

24. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the apparatus is a combination of a cartridge, container or tube containing the fluid and a nozzle attachable to duct to a nozzle outlet fluid to be expressed from the cartridge, container or tube via an outlet profile when opened, the outlet profile being openable by cutting or the like selectively of the profile to define an opening of increasing area A_1; A₂ etc; wherein the nozzle outlet is of area Bi (but optionally can be cut to greater area B₂ etc); and wherein at least Ai is less than or equal to in area than Bi.

25. The apparatus as claimed in claim 25, wherein A₂ is less than or equal to in area than B₂ etc.

26. The apparatus (whether in combination, assembly or disassembly) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, comprising a cartridge, container or tube having an outlet region; and an attachable nozzle having an inlet region and an outlet region; wherein a viscous fluid to be expressed from the cartridge, container or tube into and out of the nozzle is restricted or to be restricted by a smaller or equal sized inlet region into the nozzle from the cartridge, container or tube than the size of the nozzle outlet region.

27. The apparatus as claimed in claim 26, wherein said viscous fluid is a sealing, grouting, caulking, levelling, joining agent, an adhesive, and/or another type of viscous liquid, acid, foam, lotion, paste or gel.

28. The apparatus as claimed in claim 26 or claim 27, wherein said outlet region of the cartridge container or tube is defined by an outlet profile having an opening.

29. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein said outlet profile is provided by the insertion of a flow restricting component within or proximate to an outlet region of said cartridge, container or tube.

30. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein said apparatus comprises a flow restricting component for use in conjunction with a cartridge, reservoir or tube containing viscous contents, said cartridge, reservoir or tube having an outlet region and a mechanism by which its contents can be expressed or ejected through the outlet region under the application of external pressure; wherein said flow restricting component is adapted to fit over or inside of said outlet region; and wherein said flow restricting component provides one or more openings through which the contents can subsequently flow.

31. The apparatus as claimed in claim 30, wherein portions of said component can be cut away or otherwise removed to provide a range of resistances to the flow of the material when it is ejected from the cartridge.

32. The apparatus as claimed in claim 30 or 31, wherein said flow restricting component is integral or associable with said nozzle.

33. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, further comprising a container for holding a viscous substance said container having a moulded spout without a spout outlet extending from, and with its spout axis within, a male threaded region (i.e. threaded to engage a female threaded complementary nozzle); the moulded spout having a reducing internal periphery (preferably stepped) aligned transversely of the spout axis; wherein said spout outlet is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the spout in a plane perpendicular to the spout axis; and wherein the size of said spout outlet can be selected according to the diameter of the internal periphery at the location along the spout axis at which the cutting plane is positioned.

34. The apparatus as claimed in claim 33, wherein said spout has a stepped external periphery, each step according a predetermined outlet size when cut transversely.

35. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein said apparatus is a combination (whether in assembly or disassembly, or otherwise) of a container having a spout structure and a nozzle attachable to or attached to the container so as to receive the content of the container via the spout when the spout structure has been opened and to allow the liquid to be expressed reliant on pressure applied within the container out of the nozzle's outlet; wherein one or more discrete opening positions are provided for the spout structure; and wherein the nozzle has a formed opening and/or has one or more discrete opening positions; and wherein instructions (or preforming of the spout structure opening) are provided to encourage a flow restriction into the nozzle for the or a particular nozzle opening size.

36. The apparatus as claimed in claim 35, wherein said spout structure has a stepped external periphery, each step according a predetermined outlet size when cut transversely.

37. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the fluid containing cartridge, container or tube comprises a relatively smaller or equal cross-sectional area of infeed for flow of a fluid from a nozzle via an infeed region relative to the cross-sectional area of the outfeed for flow of fluid received from the nozzle via an outfeed region.

38. A method of enhancing the control of a viscous fluid dispensing as a bead on a surface which involves ensuring a smaller or equal cross sectional area of infeed flow from a fluid containing cartridge, container or tube into a nozzle via an infeed region than the cross sectional area of the outfeed flow of received fluid from the nozzle via an outfeed region.

39. The method as claimed in claim 38, wherein said viscous fluid is a sealing, grouting, caulking, levelling, joining agent, an adhesive, and/or another type of viscous liquid, acid, foam, lotion, paste or gel.

40. The method as claimed in claim 38 or claim 39, wherein said infeed region of the nozzle is defined by and complementary to an outlet profile having an opening; said outlet profile being integral to or associated with said cartridge, container or tube.

41. The method as claimed in claim 40, wherein said outlet profile is provided by the insertion of a flow restricting component within or proximate to an outlet region of said cartridge, container or tube.

42. The method as claimed in claim 40 or 41, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

43. The method as claimed in any one of claims 40 to 42, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface.

44. The method as claimed in any one of claims 40 to 43, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said outlet profile comprises a stepped or otherwise progressively reducing cross section.

45. The method as claimed in any one of claims 40 to 44, wherein said opening is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet profile.

46. The method as claimed in any one of claims 40 to 45, wherein said opening is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the outlet profile in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet profile.

47. The method as claimed in any one of claims 40 to 46, wherein said opening is substantially circular.

48. The method as claimed in any one of claims 40 to 47, wherein a size of said opening can be selected by locating the cutting plane at particular positions along the longitudinal axis of the outlet profile.

49. The method as claimed in any one of claims 40 to 48, wherein there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the outlet profile to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve the desired opening size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the outlet profile in a plane located at a particular position.

50. The method as claimed in any one of claims 40 to 49, wherein said outlet profile can be provided by the insertion, within or proximate to the outlet region of said cartridge, container or tube, of one of a series of interchangeable flow restricting components, each providing a different sized opening.

51. The method as claimed in any one of claims 40 to 50, wherein said outlet profile can, by the insertion of a flow restricting component, provide an opening having a diameter of any desired size selected from the range of diameters of about 1mm to about 10mm.

52. An apparatus for dispensing viscous fluid, the apparatus being a combination of a cartridge, container or tube containing the fluid and a nozzle attachable to duct to a nozzle outlet fluid to be expressed from the cartridge via an outlet profile when opened, the outlet profile being openable by cutting or the like selectively of the profile to define an opening of increasing area A_lt A₂ etc; wherein the nozzle outlet is of area Bi (but optionally can be cut to greater area B₂ etc) ; and wherein at least A_x is less than or equal to in area than Bi.

53. A dispensing apparatus (whether in combination, assembly or disassembly) comprising a cartridge, container or tube having an outlet region; and an attachable nozzle having an inlet region and an outlet region; wherein a viscous fluid to be expressed from the cartridge, container or tube into and out of the nozzle is restricted or to be restricted by a smaller or equal sized inlet region into the nozzle from the cartridge, container or tube than the size of the nozzle outlet region.

54. A flow restricting component for use in conjunction with a cartridge, reservoir or tube containing viscous contents, said cartridge, reservoir or tube having an outlet region and a mechanism by which its contents can be expressed or ejected through the outlet region under the application of external pressure; wherein said flow restricting component is adapted to fit over or inside of said outlet region; and wherein said flow restricting component provides one or more openings through which the contents can subsequently flow.

55. The apparatus as claimed in claim 54, wherein portions of said component can be cut away or otherwise removed to provide a range of resistances to the flow of the material when it is ejected from the cartridge.

56. The apparatus as claimed in claim 54 or claim 55, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a series of one or two or more concentric cylindrical protrusions.

57. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 54 to 56, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a substantially conical or frustoconical surface.

58. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 54 to 57, wherein an inner surface (and optionally also an outer surface) of said flow restricting component comprises a stepped or otherwise progressively reducing cross section.

59. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 54 to 58, wherein an outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the flow restricting component.

60. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 54 to 59, wherein an outlet aperture is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the flow restricting component in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the restricting component.

61. The apparatus as claimed in claim 59 or 60, wherein said outlet aperture is substantially circular.

62. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 59 to 61, wherein a size of said outlet aperture can be selected by locating the cutting plane at particular positions along the longitudinal axis of the flow restricting component.

63. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 54 to 62, wherein there are steps, grooves, notches or other markings or profile features on the outer surface of the flow restricting component to: indicate the various positions at which the cutting plane can be located to achieve a desired outlet aperture size; and/or assist in the accurate cutting or removal of material from the flow restricting component in a plane located at a particular position.

64. A container for holding a viscous substance said container having a moulded spout without a spout outlet extending from, and with its spout axis within, a male threaded region (i.e. threaded to engage a female threaded complementary nozzle); the moulded spout having a reducing internal periphery (preferably stepped) aligned transversely of the spout axis; wherein said spout outlet is formed by cutting away or otherwise removing a portion of the spout in a plane perpendicular to the spout axis; and wherein the size of said spout outlet can be selected according to the diameter of the internal periphery at the location along the spout axis at which the cutting plane is positioned.

65. The container as claimed in claim 64, wherein said spout has a stepped external periphery, each step according a predetermined outlet size when cut transversely.

66. An apparatus of the combination (whether in assembly or disassembly, or otherwise) of a container having a spout structure and a nozzle attachable to or attached to the container so as to receive the content of the container via the spout when the spout structure has been opened and to allow the liquid to be expressed reliant on pressure applied within the container out of the nozzle's outlet; wherein one or more discrete opening positions are provided for the spout structure; and wherein the nozzle has a formed opening and/or has one or more discrete opening positions; and wherein instructions (or preforming of the spout structure opening) are provided to encourage a flow restriction into the nozzle for the or a particular nozzle opening size.