WO2013128176A1 - Dispositifs d'administration et unités s'y rattachant - Google Patents

Dispositifs d'administration et unités s'y rattachant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013128176A1
WO2013128176A1 PCT/GB2013/050474 GB2013050474W WO2013128176A1 WO 2013128176 A1 WO2013128176 A1 WO 2013128176A1 GB 2013050474 W GB2013050474 W GB 2013050474W WO 2013128176 A1 WO2013128176 A1 WO 2013128176A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vapour
vaporised
unit
heat source
composition
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2013/050474
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas WOODMAN
Dominic Woodcock
Petr EGOYANTS
Pavel FIMIN
Dimitry VOLOBUEV
Mikhail KARUSHEV
Leonid CHECHURIN
Oleg Abramov
Original Assignee
British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited filed Critical British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited
Publication of WO2013128176A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013128176A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0028—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
    • A61M15/0045—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up using multiple prepacked dosages on a same carrier, e.g. blisters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F42/00—Simulated smoking devices other than electrically operated; Component parts thereof; Manufacture or testing thereof
    • A24F42/10—Devices with chemical heating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F42/00—Simulated smoking devices other than electrically operated; Component parts thereof; Manufacture or testing thereof
    • A24F42/60—Constructional details
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
    • A61M11/042—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters electrical
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
    • A61M11/047—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters by exothermic chemical reaction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0028—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
    • A61M15/0045—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up using multiple prepacked dosages on a same carrier, e.g. blisters
    • A61M15/0046—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up using multiple prepacked dosages on a same carrier, e.g. blisters characterized by the type of carrier
    • A61M15/0051—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up using multiple prepacked dosages on a same carrier, e.g. blisters characterized by the type of carrier the dosages being arranged on a tape, e.g. strips
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/06—Inhaling appliances shaped like cigars, cigarettes or pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to the generation of a vapour, and to the generation of a vapour which condenses to form an inhalable aerosol. More specifically, the invention relates to vapour-generating units for generating the vapour by the heating of a composition to be vaporised, to aerosol delivery devices including such units, and to methods of generating an inhalable aerosol. Background
  • Aerosols can be used in a wide range of applications. Some aerosols can be used to effectively deliver agents to the user via the respiratory tract. Suitable compositions include physiologically and/or pharmaceutically active agents, as well as any other agents that may be desirable for a user to inhale.
  • Aerosols can be generated by a number of different mechanisms. Examples of such mechanisms include the atomisation of a liquid, the dispersion of dry powder, and the vaporisation and condensation of a composition, including the heating of tobacco compositions to release the volatile components.
  • a heat source is generally used to heat the composition to be vaporised.
  • the vapour condenses to form an aerosol comprising droplets of liquid or particles which may be suspended in an airflow and inhaled.
  • US Patent No. 5,865,186 discloses the production of heat in a simulated cigarette by the admixture of chemical reactive compositions to produce an exothermic chemical reaction. Resultant heated air passes over a composition, from which it picks up either a flavourant, medicine or a quantity of nicotine, which may then be inhaled.
  • WO 2003/049792 discloses a device comprising a single electrical heater and a series of chambers containing fluid, wherein each of the chambers can be moved into a position for the electrical heater to volatise the fluid.
  • individual charges of solid flavour- generating composition are directly deposited onto an electrical heating means.
  • the electrical heating means heats to combustion each of the charges, delivering a quantity of flavour-containing composition to the consumer.
  • the aerosol generator of WO 2004/104490 contains an enclosure containing a solid fuel capable of undergoing an exothermic reaction and a drug deposited on the external surface of the enclosure. Upon ignition of the solid fuel, the heat released is transferred to the external surface of the enclosure and the drug is vaporised.
  • Embodiments of the present invention seek to provide an aerosol generator that overcomes or substantially alleviates at least some of the problems and limitations associated with known aerosol generators, such as those described above.
  • a vapour-generating unit comprising:
  • actuating mechanism upon actuation, activates the heat source which heats the composition to be vaporised within the storage compartment to form a vapour.
  • the heat source is arranged to rapidly transfer heat to the composition to be vaporised.
  • the heat source may be at least partially surrounded by the storage compartment holding the composition to be vaporised.
  • the storage compartment may be at least partially surrounded by the heat source.
  • the actuating mechanism may comprise a button, optionally a spring-loaded button.
  • Various other actuating mechanisms are also envisaged.
  • the heat provided by the heat source can be produced by an exothermic chemical reaction between two or more reagents within a heat source chamber.
  • At least one of the reagents is stored separately from the other reagent(s). Actuation of the actuating mechanism may cause the reagents to be combined, causing the exothermic reaction.
  • the reagents are stored in the heat source chamber and are separated by a rupturable element which is ruptured upon actuation of the actuating mechanism to allow the reagents to combine.
  • This rupturable element may comprise, for example, a wall, a portion of a wall, or some other structure which separates the reagents and which is susceptible to failure or maybe removed, for example, upon application of force in a certain manner, or which may be pierced, punctured, dissolved or otherwise partially or completely removed to allow mixing of the reagents.
  • At least one reagent is stored in the heat source chamber and at least one reagent is stored in a separate reagent storage chamber.
  • the actuation of the actuating mechanism may then cause the transfer of the at least one reagent in the reagent storage chamber into the heat source chamber where resultant combination of reagents will cause an exothermic reaction.
  • the actuation of the actuating mechanism may, for example, cause release of the one or more reagents from the reagent storage chamber and transfer to the heat source chamber via a tube.
  • the exothermic reaction is a water-activated reaction, wherein water, or an aqueous solution or suspension, is added to one or more reagents in order to initiate an exothermic chemical reaction.
  • the reagents which combine to cause an exothermic chemical reaction are water, CaO and P 2 0 5 .
  • Other reagents for the exothermic reaction may also be used and represent embodiments of this invention.
  • heat is generated by a solid phase exothermic reaction.
  • the exothermic reaction may be initiated by the application of heat to solid phase components.
  • the heat may optionally be provided by an electric heater.
  • heat is generated by the combustion of one or more flash compounds. The combustion of the flash compound(s) maybe initiated by friction-based ignition.
  • heat is generated by a resistive heater which may, for example, be electrically-powered, such as by a battery.
  • the composition to be vaporised is a liquid. In some embodiments, the composition to be vaporised may be a solid, semi-solid or gel composition.
  • the composition to be vaporised comprises a tobacco extract. In another embodiment, the composition to be vaporised comprises nicotine.
  • the composition to be vaporised is vaporised whilst in the storage compartment.
  • the storage compartment is sealed prior to actuation of the actuating mechanism.
  • the vapour-generating unit includes a piercing member to form an opening in a wall of the storage compartment.
  • the piercing member maybe operably linked to the actuating mechanism.
  • an aerosol delivery device may comprise:
  • vapour-generating units each unit comprising a dose of a composition to be vaporised and a heat source
  • a housing defining an airway
  • an aerosol delivery device comprising: at least one vapour-generating unit according to the first aspect of the invention; a housing defining an airway;
  • the vapour-generating unit of the device releases a vapour which is entrained in an airflow through the housing and which condenses to form an aerosol.
  • the aerosol may form within the housing.
  • each vapour-generating unit preferably provides one puff and/or one dose of the aerosol.
  • the devices it is desirable for the devices to provide an aerosol which is ready to inhale within no more than about 15 seconds and preferably from between about 5 and about 10 seconds following actuation of the actuating mechanism.
  • the devices may comprise an overdose protection mechanism.
  • a method of generating an inhalable aerosol comprising the activation of a contained heat source which rapidly generates heat which heats a composition to be vaporised stored in a chamber adjacent to the heat source to form a vapour which is released from the chamber and which condenses to form an aerosol which may be inhaled.
  • the method involves the use of at least one vapour-generating unit according to the first aspect of the invention, and/or an aerosol delivery device according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • aerosol is defined as a dispersion of solid or liquid particles in a gas.
  • vapour is defined as the gaseous state of a composition that is liquid or solid under ordinary conditions (for example, at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure).
  • tobacco extract is defined as a liquid containing the components of tobacco which are soluble in the solvent used. Different solvents will provide extracts with different chemical compositions. In some preferred
  • solvents used for extraction are water, ethanol and supercritical C0 2 , although many other solvents may be used.
  • the extract can be manufactured in one solvent and delivered in another.
  • Other methods of obtaining a tobacco extract include collection of a Heat not Burn condensate (where the tobacco is heated to, for example, 250°C, and the volatile compounds that come off are collected and formulated in a solvent), and steam distillation of tobacco.
  • the extract is formulated to deliver a required dose per actuation of the device.
  • the extract may be formulated to deliver a desired amount of nicotine per device actuation.
  • flavour and “flavourant” refer to materials which, where local regulations permit, maybe used to create a desired taste or aroma in a product. They may include extracts (e.g., licorice, hydrangea, Japanese white bark magnolia leaf, chamomile, fenugreek, clove, menthol, Japanese mint, aniseed, cinnamon, herb, wintergreen, cherry, berry, peach, apple, Dramboui, bourbon, scotch, whiskey, spearmint, peppermint, lavender, cardamon, celery, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, honey essence, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, orange oil, cassia, caraway, cognac, jasmine, ylang-ylang, sage, fennel, piment, ginger, anise, coriander, coffee, or a mint oil from any species of the genus Mentha), flavour masking agents,
  • extracts e.g.,
  • the heat source for example the components for the exothermic reaction, may produce sufficient heat to vaporise the composition to be vaporised. It is desirable for sufficient heat to be generated by the heat source to vaporise all of the composition to be vaporised. This ensures that the unit generates and releases vapour comprising and constant and reproducible dose.
  • this is achieved by the heat source heating the composition to be vaporised to a temperature of at least 120°C, and in some embodiments at least 250°C.
  • the required temperature depends on the composition to be vaporised and, in particular, the boiling points of the various components. It is desirable for the temperature to be such that a condensation aerosol is formed.
  • Embodiments of the present invention lend themselves to achieving temperatures in excess of 6oo°C, if required.
  • compositions to be vaporised heating to a temperature between ambient temperature and 120°C may result in the release of a vapour, but in some cases, the composition (for example, nicotine) in the gas phase is not concentrated enough to condense. Thus, heating to higher temperatures may be preferred.
  • the composition to vaporised may be a liquid.
  • the liquid may include one or more physiologically and/or pharmaceutically active agents.
  • the composition to be vaporised comprises a tobacco extract.
  • the composition to be vaporised comprises nicotine.
  • the composition to be vaporised may be a gel, semi-sold or solid.
  • the composition could be a solid composition from which nicotine is sublimated, similar to so-called "heat not burn” devices in which a regular tobacco is heated.
  • the composition to the vaporised maybe tobacco.
  • the composition could comprise, for example, an agent (such as nicotine) and an optional flavour, together with a compound which forms a gel or otherwise stabilises the formulation.
  • the aerosol produced by condensation of the vapour preferably comprises droplets or particles having an average diameter of up to about 10 ⁇ .
  • the average droplet or particle diameter is up to about 6 ⁇ .
  • the droplets or particles have a diameter of no less than ⁇ ⁇ .
  • Benefits associated with some (but not necessarily all) of the embodiments of the invention include the aerosol generating device, and/ or the vapour-generating units being intended for single use and being disposable.
  • compositions allow the composition to be vaporised to be stored and heated in a manner which will minimise the risk of contamination.
  • Some embodiments may also allow accurate control of the amount of aerosol generated by an aerosol delivery device. This may be both in terms of the aerosol in a dose and, in some circumstances, the number of doses that maybe dispensed in a given period of time. This may be particularly the case when the aerosol contains one or more physiologically and/ or pharmaceutically active agents, so that it may be necessary to limit the dose inhaled by the user.
  • Figure l illustrates a vertical cross-section of a vapour-generating unit in which heat is generated by an exothermic chemical reaction triggered by the addition of an activating agent according to an embodiment
  • Figure 2 illustrates a vertical cross-section of a vapour-generating unit in which heat is generated by a solid phase exothermic reaction with electrical ignition according to an embodiment
  • Figure 3 illustrates a vertical cross-section of a vapour-generating unit in which heat is generated by one or more flash compounds, combustion of which is triggered by a friction-based igniter according to an alternative embodiment
  • Figure 4 illustrates a vertical cross-section of a vapour-generating unit in which heat is generated by a resistive heater according to another embodiment
  • Figure 5 illustrates a longitudinal cross-section of an aerosol delivery device comprising a plurality of vapour-generating units in which the heat is generated by an exothermic chemical reaction
  • Figure 6 illustrates a longitudinal cross-section of an aerosol delivery device comprising a plurality of vapour-generating units in which heat is generated by a solid phase exothermic reaction
  • Figure 7 illustrates a longitudinal cross-section of an aerosol delivery device comprising a plurality of vapour-generating units in which heat is generated by the combustion of flash compounds ignited by friction;
  • Figure 8 illustrates a longitudinal cross-section of an aerosol delivery device comprising a plurality of vapour-generating units in which heat is generated by a resistive heater
  • Figure 9 illustrates a longitudinal cross-section of an aerosol delivery device comprising an overdose protection mechanism according to an embodiment
  • Figures 10A and 10B illustrate an aerosol delivery device comprising an overdose protection mechanism according to an alternative embodiment.
  • Figure l shows a vapour-generating unit l in which the heat source 4 uses energy from an exothermic chemical reaction to heat the composition to be vaporised 2, which is contained within a storage compartment 3.
  • the actuating mechanism comprises a button 9, which is depressed in order to activate the vapour-generating unit by initiating the exothermic reaction.
  • the exothermic reaction is initiated by the mixing of a reagent which is referred to in this discussion as an activating agent 7, such as water, and one or more further reagents which do not react until contacted by the activating agent.
  • the further reagents maybe, for example, a mixture of CaO and P 2 0 5 .
  • the activating agent and the other reagent(s) are stored separately.
  • the activating agent 7 may be stored in a separate activating agent storage chamber 8 associated with the actuating mechanism and the other reagent(s) is/are stored in a heat source chamber 5.
  • Actuation of the actuating mechanism involves depression of a button 9, which introduces the activating agent 7 into the heat source chamber 5 via a tube 6 which extends into the heat source chamber, and the exothermic reaction proceeds within the heat source chamber.
  • the activating agent 7 is stored in an activating agent storage chamber 8 which is positioned at the end of the tube 6.
  • the tube extends into the heat source chamber 5 before actuation of the actuating mechanism.
  • the activating agent 7 may be prevented from mixing with the reagents 4 in the heat source chamber 5 before actuation of the actuating mechanism by a seal 11 that is impermeable to the activating agent 7 and which may, for example, be a diaphragm.
  • Activation of the actuating mechanism by depressing a spring-loaded button 9 compresses the spring 10 and pressurises the activating agent storage chamber 8, causing the seal 11 to open and allowing release of the activating agent through the tube 6 and into the heat source chamber 5.
  • the activating agent maybe stored within the tube 6.
  • a seal 11 maybe positioned so as to separate the activating agent stored within the tube 6 from the heat source chamber 5 and the further reagent(s) stored therein.
  • the heat source chamber maybe sealed prior to actuation of the actuating mechanism. Upon actuation of the actuating mechanism, a tube with a sharp tip pierces a wall of the heat source chamber and extends into the chamber. The activating agent 7 may then be introduced into the heat source chamber 5 through this tube. This arrangement may be advantageous when the heat source chamber 5 is sealed prior to actuation of the actuating mechanism and does not contain the tube 6 illustrated in Figure 1 prior to use.
  • the activating agent may comprise one or more components required for the exothermic reaction to proceed, i.e. one or more reagents.
  • the activating agent may comprise one or more components that allow the reaction to proceed more efficiently, such as a catalyst.
  • the components for the exothermic reaction comprise calcium oxide (CaO), phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 0 5 ) and water.
  • CaO and P 2 0 5 are contained within the heat source chamber 5 and water is the separately stored activating agent 7.
  • the CaO and P2O 5 do not react in the absence of water and so may be stored together, but separately from the water.
  • water may comprise solutions or suspensions containing water, such as aqueous solutions. This is an oxidation-reduction reaction in which water can be considered to be acting as a catalyst.
  • the use of a combination of CaO and P 2 0 5 as the reagent has a number of the benefits including, but not limited to, the following: the exothermic reaction is very fast once water is added; it generates a high thermal output with low mass; it has non-toxic by-products (Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 and H 2 0); does not produce any significant exhaust gases (all of the water is contained within the Ca 3 (P04) 2 as a hydrate); and it is safe and inexpensive enough for mass production.
  • the components are mixed in the following stochiometric amounts: CaO - 3 moles, P 2 0 5 - 1 mole, and H 2 0 - 6 moles
  • Exothermic reactions that may be utilised in embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following types of reactions:
  • Active metal replaces less active metal ion from solution, examples of which include, but are not limited to, Al or Mg, CuCl 2 and H 2 0;
  • Oxidation-reduction reactions examples of which include, but are not limited to, Al and KCIO 3 , and KMn0 4 and C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 ;
  • Acid-base reactions examples of which include, but are not limited to, CaO or MgO and P 2 0 5 ;
  • Hydration reactions examples of which include, but are not limited to, CaO or MgCl 2 and H 2 0.
  • reagent combinations include P 2 0 5 and Na 2 0, and a combination of Mg or Al and Ca0 2 .
  • CaO and P 2 0 5 can also be used as separate reagents, with H 2 0.
  • water can be added to MgCl 2 .
  • the exothermic reaction is not one which involves harmful, hazardous or toxic substances as reagents or as products of the reaction.
  • the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device may be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable for the vapour-generating unit and/ or aerosol delivery device to be desirable
  • the gases can be any gases that accommodate or expel said gases.
  • the gases can be any gases.
  • the gases can be any gases.
  • the heat source chamber accommodated by the heat source chamber.
  • This may be achieved by providing a chamber which has a volume that is sufficient to hold the gases once they are produced, for example by providing a chamber with a large enough volume, a chamber with a variable volume, or a chamber which permits the internal pressure to increase within the chamber as the gases are produced.
  • an exhaust system maybe provided to allow the gaseous products of the exothermic reaction to be expelled from the aerosol delivery device, preferably without allowing these gases to come into contact with the vapour generated from the composition to be vaporised or the aerosol for inhalation.
  • the venting of the gaseous products from the aerosol delivery device should also be positioned to minimise the likelihood of the gases being inhaled by the user of the device.
  • the heat produced from the exothermic reaction which takes place in the heat source chamber 5 is transferred to the adjacent storage compartment 3, causing the rapid heating of the composition to be vaporised 2 within the storage compartment.
  • the composition to be vaporised is a nicotine-containing solution.
  • the nicotine contained in the solution is vaporised
  • the components for the exothermic reaction are provided in amounts to create sufficient heat to vaporise at least a portion of the composition to be vaporised 2.
  • the portion which is vaporised should preferably include the components to be inhaled. In some embodiments, between about 1 and about 50 mg of reagent(s) is/are stored in the heat source chamber 5, optionally between about 10 and 30 mg of reagent(s) is/are stored in the heat source chamber 5.
  • the amount of activating agent 7 added to the heat source chamber 5 may be selected to be sufficient to initiate the exothermic reaction. Preferably, the amount of activating agent added is sufficient to ensure that all of the reagent(s) in the heat source chamber 5 react(s) and generate(s) heat. In some embodiments, the amount of activating agent 7 added to the heat source chamber may be between about 0.5 and 10 mg. Optionally, the amount of activating agent 7 added to the heat source chamber 5 is between about 2 and 6 mg.
  • the arrangement of the storage compartment 3 surrounding the heat source chamber 5 in this embodiment allows rapid transfer of the generated heat to the composition to be vaporised. It also encourages uniform heating of the composition to be vaporised 2. This can offer the advantage of the controlled and reproducible heating of the composition to be vaporised and production of vapour.
  • the composition to be vaporised 2 is contained within a sealed storage compartment 3. This arrangement minimises the risk of loss and/or contamination of the composition to be vaporised.
  • the storage compartment maybe sealed prior to vaporisation of the composition to be vaporised.
  • the vapour may be released from the storage compartment by opening, rupture, piercing or puncture of the storage compartment.
  • the formation of a cut, piercing or puncture to form an opening may, for example, be achieved by the mechanism referred to herein as the piercing mechanism.
  • a wall of the storage compartment may be pierced before, during or after the vaporisation of the composition stored therein.
  • a build up of pressure within the sealed storage compartment during heating and vaporisation may cause the formation of an opening in the storage compartment and allow release of the vapour.
  • the external application of pressure may cause an opening to form in the sealed storage compartment.
  • the storage compartment is formed at least partially from aluminium foil. This provides a wall which may be sealed, but which is also relatively easily pierced to allow release of the vapour from the storage compartment.
  • At least a portion of the wall of the storage compartment may include a weakening, for example to encourage rupture as pressure builds within the compartment, or to facilitate piercing or puncturing by a piercing mechanism comprising a sharp element which is pressed against the wall to create an opening.
  • a weakening for example to encourage rupture as pressure builds within the compartment, or to facilitate piercing or puncturing by a piercing mechanism comprising a sharp element which is pressed against the wall to create an opening.
  • a wall of the storage compartment 3 is pierceable or rupturable.
  • at least a section of the wall may be formed from aluminium foil or the like, which may be punctured by a piercing member 15.
  • the piercing member 15 has a piercing tip 16 to pierce the wall of the storage compartment 3.
  • the piercing member 15 may be operably linked to the actuating mechanism of the vapour-generating unit 1, namely the button 9 shown in Figure 1. As the button 9 is depressed, the piercing member 15 moves from its resting position to a position where the piercing tip 16 is positioned within the storage compartment 3, piercing the wall of the storage compartment 3 as it moves.
  • the operably-linked piercing member 15 will also return to its original position, leaving a cut or hole in the wall of the storage compartment 3, through which the vapour may escape once the composition to be vaporised has been heated.
  • at least the piercing tip 16 of the piercing member 15 may remain inside the storage compartment 3 following depression of the button 9 and piercing of the wall. In this case, one option would be for the piercing tip 16 to have a larger diameter than the stem 17 of the piercing member which is positioned in the cut or hole.
  • the piercing member 15 may comprise a hollow tube and for there to be a hole positioned in the side of the tube to provide a pathway through which the vapour may exit the storage compartment and then the exit the piercing member.
  • the generation of heat without combustion may reduce or avoid the production of emissions that may be harmful to the environment, and may contribute to the vapour- generating unit being safe to use.
  • the heat source chamber 5 is positioned so that it is partially surrounded by the storage compartment 3. In an alternative embodiment, the positions may be reversed, so that the heat source chamber 5 is partially surrounded by the storage compartment 3.
  • vapour-generating unit there is one heat source in a vapour-generating unit 1.
  • a vapour-generating unit may comprise more than one heat source.
  • vapour-generating unit 1 utilises a solid phase exothermic reaction to generate heat and the exothermic solid phase reaction is initiated by the application of heat, for example, from an electric heater element.
  • the vapour-generating unit 1 uses energy from a solid phase exothermic reaction to heat the composition to be vaporised 2 contained within storage compartment 3.
  • the solid phase components 24 for the exothermic reaction are contained within a heat source chamber 5.
  • the solid phase exothermic reaction is initiated by heat applied to the solid phase components 24. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, this heat is provided by an electric heater 22.
  • the electric heater 22 Upon actuation of an actuating mechanism, the electric heater 22 is activated, producing heat which initiates the exothermic reaction in the heat source chamber 5.
  • the heat produced from the exothermic reaction is transferred to the storage compartment 3, causing vaporisation of the composition to be vaporised 2.
  • Some of the preferred solid phase components 24 comprise metal/metal oxide mixtures such as, for example, Zr/Mo0 3 , Nb/Mo0 3 , Mg/Al/Mn0 2 , Zr/Fe 2 0 3 /Si0 2 , Si/Fe 2 0 3 .
  • the ignition temperatures for these compounds are within the range of about 300-6oo°C.
  • the electric heater 22 is a coiled hot wire and it is embedded in the solid phase components 24 in the heat source chamber 5. By passing an electric current through this wire, it is heated to a high temperature that initiates the exothermic chemical reaction of the adjacent solid phase components 24.
  • the electric heater maybe any form or shape and alternative heaters, such as wire mesh supplied with electrical energy, may be used.
  • the heater may be made out of any resistive material (e.g. carbon may be used) and may be in a form other than a wire.
  • a thin layer of an electrically conductive material deposited on any non-conductive substrate e.g. ceramics could be used.
  • the electrical energy may be supplied by a battery, optionally controlled by a microprocessor (not shown).
  • Actuation of the actuating mechanism involves depression of a button 9, which activates the electric heater 22 which will initiate the exothermic reaction once a threshold temperature has been reached.
  • the button may be provided with electric contacts 25 which are linked to the electrical power source, such as a battery (not shown).
  • the activation of the heater may be effected by depression of the button which moves the contacts 25 into a position where they are in contact with the electric heater 22, thus causing the heater 22 to generate heat.
  • the electric heater 22 is positioned so that the heat produced is absorbed by the solid phase components 24 held within the heat source chamber 5, and the heat from the electric heater 22 triggers the solid phase exothermic reaction within the heat source chamber 5.
  • the heat produced from the solid phase exothermic reaction which takes place in the heat source chamber 5 is transferred to the adjacent storage compartment 3, causing the rapid heating of the composition to be vaporised 2 within the storage compartment 3. At least a portion of the composition is then vaporised.
  • At least part of a wall of the storage compartment 3 is pierceable or rupturable.
  • at least a section of the wall may be formed from aluminium foil or the like, which may be punctured by a piercing member 15.
  • the piercing member 15 has a piercing tip 16 to pierce the wall of the storage compartment 3.
  • the piercing member 15 may be operably linked to the actuating mechanism of the vapour-generating unit 1, namely the button 9 shown in Figure 2. As the button 9 is depressed, the piercing member 15 moves from its resting position to a position where the piercing tip 16 is positioned within the storage compartment 3, piercing the wall of the storage compartment 3 as it moves.
  • the piercing tip 16 of the piercing member 15 may remain inside the storage compartment 3 following depression of the button 9 and piercing of the wall.
  • the piercing member 15 has a stem 17 and a piercing tip 16, the piercing tip having a greater diameter than the stem, as illustrated in the embodiment in Figure 2. This allows the piercing tip 16 of the piercing member 15 to create a gap between the edge of the cut or hole it forms as it enters the storage compartment 3 and the stem 17 of the piercing member 15 which is adjacent the cut or hole when the piercing member is in its resting position within the storage compartment 3. The vapour generated within the storage compartment 3 may escape through the gap formed in this way.
  • the heat source once activated, heats the composition to be vaporised so that a vapour is formed within no more than about 10 seconds and preferably within no more than about 5 seconds.
  • flash compounds 34 also sometimes referred to as "flash powder" are held in a heat source chamber 5 and the flash compound(s) burn and generate heat when ignited, for example by friction. Upon ignition, the flash compound(s) 34 is/are combusted and the heat produced heats and vaporises the composition to be vaporised 2 within the storage compartment 3.
  • a typical composition of a suitable flash compound is S (4%), glue (11%), KC10 3 (47%), K 2 Cr 2 0 7 (2%), ZnO (4%), Fe 2 0 3 (15%) and glass powder (17%).
  • Other suitable compounds or compositions would be well known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the vapour-generating unit 1 comprises a storage compartment 3 containing the composition to be vaporised 2.
  • the storage compartment is partially surrounded by the heat source chamber 5.
  • the heat source chamber 5 contains the heat source, which in this embodiment comprises one or more flash compounds.
  • combustion of the flash compound(s) is initiated by friction.
  • the actuating mechanism is a button 9 which is actuated by being depressed.
  • the button is operably linked to a plunger 36 which moves when the button 9 is depressed.
  • the plunger 36 is arranged so that its movement causes friction against one or more of the walls of the heat source chamber 5, which causes the flash compound(s) within the heat source chamber 5 to be ignited and burn.
  • the plunger 36 may be provided with a striking surface 37 which will contact the wall of the heat source chamber upon depression of the button 9, to produce the friction ignition.
  • the heat produced by the combustion of the flash compound(s) is transferred to the storage compartment 3, causing vaporisation of the composition to be vaporised 2.
  • the button 9 is also operably linked to a piercing member 15 which pierces a wall of the storage compartment 3 when the actuating mechanism is actuated by depressing the button 9.
  • a striking surface may be provided and moved independently of the button 9 and piercing member 15. In some embodiments, the striking surface does not strictly form part of the vapour- generating unit 1. This embodiment is discussed in greater detail in connection with Figure 7 below. Briefly, a striking surface may be positioned on an arm which is moved relative to the vapour-generating unit. As the striking surface is moved, it contacts a wall of the heat source chamber 5 to provide the necessary friction to ignite the flash compound(s) held therein. The combustion of the flash compound(s) may produce combustion vapours or gases and it may be desirable to separate these from the vapour produced from the composition to be vaporised. Where combustion vapours or gases are generated, an outlet to provide venting of these from the heat source chamber 5 is required.
  • a venting path may be provided through which combustion gases escape from the device. This path should be isolated from the inhaling path through which the vapour produced from the composition to be vaporised is inhaled by the consumer.
  • the venting of the combustion gases from the aerosol delivery device should also be positioned to minimise the likelihood of the gases being inhaled by the user of the device.
  • the combustion vapours or gases may be retained within the aerosol delivery device and/or within the heat source chamber 5.
  • the combustion vapours or gases can be accommodated by the heat source chamber. This may be achieved by providing a chamber which has a volume that is sufficient to hold the gases once they are produced, by providing a chamber with a large volume, a variable volume, or by providing a chamber which permits the internal pressure to increase within the chamber as the gases are produced.
  • the flash compound(s) is/are contained within the heat source chamber 5 in an amount that, upon combustion, will generate sufficient heat to vaporise the composition to be vaporised 2.
  • the heat source chamber may contain between about 1 and about 30 mg of the flash compound(s), and optionally between about 6 and about 20 mg.
  • the vapour-generating unit 1 uses a resistive heater 43 to generate heat and the resistive heater 43 is heated by the supply thereto of an electrical current. The heat produced by the resistive heater 43 is transferred to the storage compartment 3, causing vaporisation of the composition to be vaporised 4.
  • Actuation of the actuating mechanism involves depression of a button 9.
  • the button may be provided with electric contacts 45 which are linked to an electrical energy source, such as a battery (not shown).
  • the activation of the heater may be effected by depression of the button which moves the contacts 45 into a position where they are in contact with the resistive heater 43, thus allowing an electrical current to pass through the heater to generate heat.
  • the resistive heater is positioned so that the heat produced is transferred to the adjacent storage compartment 3, causing the rapid heating of the composition to be vaporised 2 within the storage compartment 3. At least a portion of the composition is duly vaporised.
  • the electrical energy may be supplied to the resistive heater 13 by a battery, optionally controlled by a microprocessor (not shown).
  • a battery optionally controlled by a microprocessor (not shown).
  • the composition to be vaporised should preferably be vaporised within no more than 10 seconds from actuation of the actuating mechanism. To achieve this, the battery should provide power of at least 2 Watts (20 J/ 10 seconds).
  • the heat source of the vapour-generating unit may reach a temperature that is sufficiently high to vaporise the composition to be vaporised 2 within the preferred time period from actuation of the actuating mechanism.
  • the time taken for the generation of vapour following actuation of the actuating mechanism may be up to 60 seconds, up to 50 seconds, up to 40 seconds, up to 30 seconds, up to 20 seconds, or up to 10 seconds.
  • the time taken for the generation of vapours following the activation of the actuating mechanism is between 5 and 10 seconds.
  • the heat source may produce heat of a consistent temperature, thus heating the composition to be vaporised in a controlled and consistent manner.
  • the heat source may release sufficient heat to vaporise the composition to be vaporised 2 within the preferred time period.
  • the heat source may release sufficient heat to heat the composition to be vaporised to up to about 400°C.
  • the heat source releases sufficient heat to heat the composition to be vaporised to up to about 300°C.
  • the heat source may release sufficient heat to heat the tobacco extract to over 250-270°C.
  • the composition to be vaporised is a liquid tobacco extract
  • the extract is heated to its boiling point and after that all of the generated heat is used to vaporise its boiling components and the temperature remains constant until these components are completely vaporised.
  • the heating element may be heated to a temperature that exceeds (by >20-70°C) the boiling temperature of the composition to be vaporised because a "vapour cushion" may be formed between the heating surface and extract. This phenomenon is called Leidenfrost effect.
  • the storage compartment 3 containing the composition to be vaporised 2 may be sealed prior to use of the vapour-generating unit 1. This is particularly useful when the composition to be vaporised is in liquid phase, to prevent and/or minimise loss of the composition to be vaporised.
  • the vapour When the vapour is produced, it may exit the storage compartment through an opening introduced into the storage compartment during and/ or following actuation of the actuating mechanism that activates the heat source.
  • the material used for the walls of the storage compartment 3 containing the composition to be vaporised and/ or the material of the walls of the heat source chamber 5 may be thermally conductive.
  • the material(s) may be sufficiently thin to allow heat to pass from the heat source to the composition to be vaporised, and/or may be thermally stable at elevated temperatures.
  • the material(s) may be lightweight and/or
  • the walls of the storage compartment and/or the heat source chamber 5 or a portion thereof may comprise a material that may be punctured or pierced.
  • the material of the walls of the storage compartment and/or the heat source chamber comprises a metal, and more preferably the material is a metal foil.
  • the metal foil comprises aluminium.
  • the surface area of the wall of the storage compartment 3 adjacent to the heat source is sufficient to enable the efficient transfer of heat to the composition to be vaporised 2 and/ or the even distribution of heat within the storage compartment.
  • the surface area of the wall of the heat source chamber 5 may also be sufficient to enable the efficient transfer of heat to the composition to be vaporised and/or the even distribution of heat within the storage compartment.
  • the surface area may be increased to improve the efficiency of heat transfer.
  • the volume of the storage compartment 3 may be sufficient to accommodate a dose of the composition to be vaporised 2.
  • the volume of the heat source chamber 5 may be sufficient to accommodate the heat source required to vaporise the composition to be vaporised.
  • the vapour-generating unit 1 may be large enough to accommodate the heat source and the storage compartment, whilst being small enough to be inserted into hand-held aerosol delivery devices that may contain multiple vapour-generating units.
  • the aerosol delivery device has a size and shape that resembles that of a conventional smoking article, such as a cigarette, i.e. a cylinder with a length of about 70-85 mm and a diameter of about 4-8 mm.
  • composition to be vaporised 2 may be in the solid, semi-solid or liquid phase.
  • the composition to be vaporised is a liquid. In another embodiment it is a gel.
  • composition to be vaporised 2 may comprise constituents that are stable at elevated temperatures, such as the temperatures reached in the storage compartment 3 upon activation of the heat source.
  • the composition to be vaporised 2 may be a nicotine-containing solution.
  • the composition to be vaporised may not contain nicotine.
  • the nicotine-containing solution may comprise tobacco, tobacco condensate and/ or tobacco extract.
  • the nicotine-containing solution comprises tobacco extract.
  • the nicotine-containing solution is a water-based tobacco extract having a concentration such that each actuation provides a dose of nicotine which is comparable to that provided by a puff from a conventional cigarette.
  • a 10 mg dose will include 1 mg nicotine.
  • compositions to the vaporised may include, but are not limited to, propylene glycol (for example in an amount of no less than 40 vol%), glycerol (for example in an amount of no less than 30 vol%), and aromatizers (for example in an amount of no less than 15 vol%), as well as ethanol, acetone ethyl acetate, propylene glycol, acetals (such as 2-(i-methyl ethyl)-4-methyl-i,3-dioxolane and/or 2-(i methyl propyl)-4-methyl-i,3- dioxolane), 2-methylpropanal (also referred to as isobutyraldehyde), 2-methyl butanal (also referred to as 2-methylbutyraldehyde) and liquid substances characteristic of essential oils.
  • propylene glycol for example in an amount of no less than 40 vol%)
  • glycerol for example in an amount of no less than 30 vol%)
  • aromatizers for example in an amount
  • Additives such as glycerol and propylene glycol may be added for sensory reasons, for example to reduce harshness and/ or to increase amount of visible aerosol. Such additives could increase overall boiling point of the composition. If desired, a solvent such as ethanol could also be used to reduce the overall boiling point by forming an azeotrope.
  • Modifiers can be included in the compositions to be vaporised, including in tobacco extracts.
  • the main reason for using modifiers is to provide the vaporisation of components to be inhaled in the desired proportion.
  • the boiling temperature of the composition to be vaporised needs to be carefully selected as it will affect the composition of the vapour produced. For example, reduction of the boiling
  • the optimal boiling temperature of a composition to be vaporised is determined after its exact composition is selected.
  • the composition to be vaporised 2 may comprise one or more flavourants.
  • the composition to be vaporised 2 comprises flavourant that may be considered to be soothing, such as menthol and/ or eucalyptus.
  • a flavour base may be included comprising, for example, 4- hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone and/or acetyl pyrazine, optionally in an amount of up to about 1% wt, or in an amount of about 0.6% wt.
  • the concentration of the constituents of the composition to be vaporised may be high enough to generate desired amounts of vapour and at the same time enabling the vapour-generating unit to be a reasonable size.
  • the concentration of nicotine in the composition to be vaporised may be between 0.01 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml nicotine. If it is desirable to vaporise a small amount of nicotine, the concentration of the concentration of nicotine in the composition to be vaporised may be 6-10 mg/ml. If it is desirable to vaporise an intermediate or medium amount of nicotine, the concentration of nicotine in the composition to be vaporised may be 10-15 mg/ml. If it is desirable to vaporise a large amount of nicotine, the concentration of nicotine in the composition to be vaporised may be 15-20 mg/ml. If it is desirable to vaporise an even greater amount of nicotine, the concentration of nicotine in the composition to be vaporised may be 20-26 mg/ ml.
  • the concentration of nicotine in the composition to be vaporised may be 26-36 mg/ ml.
  • the concentration of the nicotine is such that the total amount of nicotine in the storage compartment is not greater than 1 mg.
  • the mass of the composition to be vaporised 2 may be sufficiently low to be contained within the storage compartment 3, without the storage compartment being an impractically large size.
  • the mass of the composition to be vaporised may be between about 1 mg and about 40 mg.
  • the mass of the composition to be vaporised may be between about 1 mg and about 10 mg, based upon the composition having a density of approximately 1 g/crrA Based upon a delivery efficiency of 50%, the range of mass of the composition to be vaporised could be in the range of 2 to 20 mg of composition to be vaporised in order to deliver a dose of 1 to 10 mg.
  • the composition to be vaporised may be vaporised to generate (artificial) tar when vaporised.
  • a conventional cigarette delivers 1-10 mg of tar per 10 puffs (0.1 - 1.0 mg per puff).
  • Electronic or e-cigarettes deliver approximately 3 mg of tar per puff (lg per 300-350 puffs).
  • the composition to be vaporised may provide tar within a range of about 0.1-3.0 mg/puff. Based upon a delivery efficiency of 50%, the range of mass of the composition to be vaporised would therefore be 0.2-6.0 mg.
  • One or more vapour-generating units may be provided in an aerosol delivery device.
  • the aerosol delivery device may be used to generate a vapour which condenses to provide an aerosol which may be inhaled. Inhalation by the user may result in deposition of the droplets or particles of the aerosol in the respiratory tract of the user, which extends from the mouth to the deep lung.
  • the aerosol delivery device may be used deliver any agents for any purpose.
  • the aerosol delivery device may deliver aerosols comprising physiologically active agents, such as stimulants like nicotine, to the body via the respiratory tract.
  • the aerosol delivery device is a simulated smoking article.
  • the aerosol delivery device may include one or more vapour-generating units which are individually included in the device.
  • one or multiple vapour-generating units are provided in the form of a cartridge which may be inserted into or otherwise associated with the aerosol delivery device.
  • the cartridge may include a housing and one or more vapour-generating units, optionally with their associated actuating mechanisms.
  • FIG. 5 shows an aerosol delivery device 100 which comprises a housing 101 that holds vapour-generating units 1 according to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 (i.e. units wherein the heat source is provided by an exothermic chemical reaction triggered by the addition of an activating agent).
  • the vapour-generating units 1 each comprise a heat source 4, a storage compartment 3 storing a composition to be vaporised 2 and an actuating mechanism, such as a button 9.
  • the housing 101 of the delivery device 100 defines an airway, and the flow of air may enter the housing 101 through ventilation holes 103 and exits the housing through a mouthpiece 102.
  • the one or more vapour-generating units 1 are positioned between the ventilation holes 103 and the mouthpiece 102, and between the vapour-generating units 1 and the mouthpiece 102 is a condensing chamber 104 within which the vapour generated by the vapour-generating units condenses to form an aerosol.
  • the user depresses a button 9 to actuate the actuating mechanism of the corresponding vapour-generating unit 1, which activates the exothermic chemical reaction in the heat source chamber 5, heating the composition to be vaporised 2.
  • the condensation chamber 104 is in the general form of a hollow tube. It may be an empty chamber or it may include a substrate like filter tow or another alternative. The inclusion of such a substrate may also allow the introduction of a post-vaporisation pressure drop (as an alternative to controlling the pressure drop by controlling the inlet air).
  • the dimensions of the condensation chamber 104 are within the range of about 10-40 mm in length and about 4-8 mm in diameter.
  • the user inhales the aerosol through the mouthpiece 102.
  • a one-way valve in the device, in order to prevent the vapour from exiting through the ventilation holes.
  • a measure may not be required if the consumer is able to time their inhalation with the manual activation of the device or if the device is breath-activated.
  • the flow of air through the housing may be generated by the delivery device.
  • air flow may be generated using a pump.
  • the delivery device 100 may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more vapour- generating units.
  • each vapour-generating unit provides a single puff or dose.
  • the aerosol delivery device 100 comprises a plurality of vapour-generating units. More preferably, the device comprises 3 or 4 vapour- generating units. Alternatively, the device may comprise up to 20 vapour-generating units. It may be particularly advantageous for the aerosol delivery device to comprise a large number of vapour-generating units when the components of the delivery device are considered to be relatively expensive. For example, when the delivery device contains a battery, it may be advantageous for the device to comprise 15 to 20 vapour- generating units 1.
  • the vapour-generating units 1 are intended for single use. Therefore, the vapour-generating units may be replaced in the delivery device 100 after they have been used. Preferably, however, the aerosol delivery device is disposable, and the device is discarded after all of the vapour-generating units in the device have been used once.
  • the delivery device 100 comprises two or more vapour-generating units 1
  • the composition to be vaporised 2 may be the same in each of the units.
  • the composition to be vaporised may be different in some or all of the vapour-generating units.
  • the composition to be vaporised in one vapour-generating unit may comprise nicotine, and the composition to be vaporised in the other unit may not contain nicotine.
  • the button 9 associated with vapour-generating unit 1 may be marked with an indication of the nature of the composition to be vaporised stored therein.
  • the concentration of the composition to be vaporised 2 may be the same in each of the vapour-generating units.
  • the concentration of the composition to be vaporised may be different in some or all of the vapour-generating units.
  • the concentration of the composition to be vaporised may increase or decrease incrementally from one vapour-generating unit to the next.
  • the vapour-generating unit closest to the mouthpiece 102 may contain the highest concentration of the composition to be vaporised, with the subsequent units containing progressively lower concentrations.
  • the concentration of the composition to be vaporised in the vapour- generating unit furthest from the mouthpiece may be highest, with concentrations progressively decreasing as one moves closer to the mouthpiece 102.
  • the provision of varying concentrations of the composition to be vaporised can allow the doses of the agent administered to the user to be tailored. For example, this may be used to produce consistent doses where the delivery of the composition is variable as a result of factors such as the position of the vapour-generating unit in the housing of the device. In a simulated smoking article, the dose of nicotine delivered in each puff may differ, so as to reflect the nicotine delivery by a conventional smoking article.
  • the inclusion in the aerosol delivery device 100 of individual vapour-generating units 1 in which the heat source is directly coupled to the individual dose of the composition to be vaporised can allow a greater degree of flexibility when compared with alternative devices, such as those with a single deposition of composition to be vaporised or a single heat source.
  • aerosol generators comprising different compositions to be vaporised and/ or different concentrations of compositions to be vaporised can be easily combined in the same delivery device.
  • This also allows the heat generated to be tailored to the composition to be vaporised, taking into account the chemical nature of the composition and in particular the active agents to be delivered (including, for example, any sensitivity to high temperatures), the concentration and any other physical or chemical characteristics of the
  • each dose of the composition to be vaporised is heated separately. This may have a considerably reduced energy requirement when compared with an arrangement in which multiple doses are heated at the same time.
  • the aerosol delivery device 100 comprises more than one vapour-generating unit 1 positioned at different distances from the mouthpiece of the device, it may be desirable for the delivery device to comprise a mechanism to standardise the path length between each aerosol generator and the mouthpiece 102.
  • the housing or at least a portion thereof may be telescopic or otherwise adjustable in length, with a different length being preferentially associated with the actuation of a different vapour-generating unit.
  • the length adjustment could be carried out by the user or could be automatic.
  • the dose in each vapour-generating unit could be different, to account for the different distances between the units and the mouthpiece.
  • the aerosols created by the condensation of the vapour generated by the actuation of the vapour-generating units can remain stable for a period of between about a few seconds to about a few tens of seconds.
  • the aerosol will be travelling within the device at a speed in the region of approximately 0.6 m/sec, this being driven by the rate of inhalation by the user.
  • an aerosol volume in the region of 35 ml were to travel through a tube having an approximate diameter of 8 mm and an approximate length of about 100 mm, then the average time it would take to extract the aerosol from the device through the mouthpiece would be a fraction of a second and so slight variations in the distance the aerosol has to travel may not be significant and the aerosol should remain stable.
  • the vapour-generating units are positioned so that they are equidistant from the mouthpiece, for example, being arranged around the circumference of the device, rather than longitudinally along its length. This has the additional benefit that none of the vapour-generating units are positioned between other vapour-generating units and the mouthpiece thereby presenting a potential additional impaction site for the aerosol before it reaches the mouthpiece. Any such impaction could, however, be compensated for by increasing the dose of the composition to be vaporised that is stored in the vapour-generating units positioned further from the mouthpiece.
  • the delivery device 100 comprises a housing 101 that holds vapour- generating units 1 according to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 (i.e. whose heat source is provided by a solid phase exothermic reaction that is triggered by the application of heat).
  • vapour-generating units 1 i.e. whose heat source is provided by a solid phase exothermic reaction that is triggered by the application of heat.
  • the delivery device 100 comprises a battery 105 and a microprocessor 106.
  • the battery 105 supplies electrical energy via the microprocessor 106 to the vapour-generating unit 1, which initiates the solid phase exothermic reaction in the heat source chamber 5, heating the composition to be vaporised 2.
  • the resulting vapour is released into the housing 101 of the delivery device.
  • air is drawn into housing 101 through the ventilation holes 103. The airflow moves the vapour from the vicinity of the vapour-generating unit from which it is released and carries it through the housing 101 towards the mouthpiece 102.
  • the delivery device 100 comprises a body 101 that holds vapour-generating units 1 wherein the heat source is provided by one or more flash compounds and combustion is initiated by a friction-based igniter.
  • the vapour-generating units each comprise a button 9, depression of which causes the piercing member 15 to move and puncture a wall of the storage compartment 3 containing the composition to be vaporised 2.
  • the striking surface 112 is provided on a moveable arm 110 which is manipulated by the user.
  • the mechanism may involve, for example, a stepper mechanism such as, for example, a linear ratchet, that will be released by a button 9, after which the movable arm 110 will be moved (for example, by a resilient body such as a spring) by one step, which can be equal to the distance between vapour- generating units 1.
  • the striking surface 112 is thereby moved past the heat source chamber 5, coming into contact with the external surface of a wall of the chamber and generating friction to ignite the flash compound(s) 4 held within the heat source chamber 5, to generate heat which will vaporise the composition to be vaporised 2 in the storage compartment 3.
  • the vapour is formed within the storage compartment 3 and it will escape through the cut or hole formed in the wall of the storage compartment by the piercing member 15. The vapour is thereby released into the housing 101 of the aerosol delivery device.
  • the burning of the flash compound(s) in the heat source chamber 5 will produce combustion products including gas, which will need to be released from the heat source chamber 5.
  • the heat source chamber 5 is provided with a vent which releases the gas from the flash compound combustion into an exhaust chamber 113 which is separate from the airway provided in the aerosol delivery device. Thus, the combustion gases are not allowed to mix with the vapour generated by the vapour-generating unit 1.
  • the exhaust chamber has vents (not shown) which allow the combustion gases to exit the device.
  • one or more exhaust chamber vents are located on the end of the moveable arm 110.
  • the moveable arm 110 may be provided with a shield (such as a "blue" shield) (not shown). The main purpose of this shield may be to prevent the products of the burning of the flash powder from getting into the inhalation path, i.e. to separate the vapour/aerosol and gaseous products of flash powder burning.
  • the delivery device 100 comprises a housing 101 that holds vapour- generating units 1 according to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4 (i.e. whose heat source is provided by a resistive heater).
  • the aerosol delivery device 100 comprises a battery 105.
  • electrical contact is made between the resistive heater of the unit and the battery 105. More specifically, the contacts 45 which are provided on the button 9 are connected to the battery 105.
  • the contacts 45 When the contacts 45 are moved by depression of the button so that they contact the resistive heater, the circuit is completed and the powder from the battery caused the resistive heater to generate heat within the heat source chamber 5, heating the composition to be vaporised 2 in the storage compartment 3.
  • the piercing member 15 is moved relative to the storage compartment 3, so that the piercing head 16 pierces the wall of the storage compartment 3, creating a hole or cut through which the vapour generated in the storage compartment 3 may exit the compartment and be released into the housing 101 of the device 100.
  • the user inhales through the mouthpiece 102 of the device, drawing air into the device through the ventilation holes 103.
  • the vapour is picked up in the resulting airflow.
  • the vapour cools and condenses whilst within the condensing chamber 104 part of the housing 101, forming an aerosol comprising droplets or solid particles suspended in the airflow. This aerosol may be inhaled by the user through the mouthpiece 102.
  • the electrical energy may be provided by a battery 105.
  • the battery 105 may provide sufficient power to activate all of the vapour-generating units in the device. In some embodiment, the power provided by the battery 105 should be 2 W.
  • a capacitor may be used in conjunction with the battery 105.
  • suitable capacitors may include ultra capacitors and photo-flash capacitors with a DC- DC flyback converter.
  • the battery 105 and/or the capacitor may be a suitable size to fit into the body 18 of the delivery device 100. If a microprocessor 106 is used (as shown in Figure 6), this may also be a suitable size to fit into the body of the delivery device.
  • the battery 105 may be disposable or may be rechargeable. To minimise the manufacturing costs of the delivery device, a disposable battery is preferred.
  • the material of the body 101 of the aerosol delivery device 100 may be suitably lightweight to be carried by the user. The material may be inexpensive, which is particularly useful when the device is disposable.
  • the material of the delivery device may have thermal insulating properties, to prevent the heat generated from the heat source being transferred to external surface of the body, which may make the delivery device difficult to hold and/ or store. Furthermore, the material may be thermally stable at elevated temperatures. Suitable materials for the body of the delivery device include but are not limited to plastics such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) or cardboard or high density paper.
  • LDPE low-density polyethylene
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • Aluminium or steel could also be utilised.
  • the walls of the housing 101 of the aerosol delivery device 100 may be sufficiently thick to prevent the heat generated from being transferred to the external surface of the housing and sufficiently thin for the delivery device to be lightweight and easy to handle and store.
  • the walls of the body of the delivery device are made of a material such as cardboard or high density paper, they would probably need to be at least 1 mm thick in order to have the requisite strength. If the walls were made using a plastic material, the thickness of the wall could be as low as 1 mm or even 0.5 mm. Walls made of aluminium or steel could be as thin as 0.5 mm.
  • the delivery device 100 may be any shape.
  • the delivery device is a shape that may accommodate one or more vapour-generating units 1, can be easily stored and/ or can be easily operated by the user.
  • the device fits in the pocket of the user.
  • the delivery device is elongate in shape.
  • the delivery device may be approximately cylindrical in shape.
  • the delivery device 100 may be any size.
  • the delivery device may be sufficiently large to accommodate the desired number of vapour-generating units 1 and/ or be easily operated by the user.
  • the delivery device may be sufficiently small to allow the device to be easily stored.
  • the device fits in the pocket of the user.
  • the delivery device 100 may resemble a smoking article, and may have the same or a similar shape and size as a conventional cigarette.
  • the delivery device may resemble a cigarette when the composition to be vaporised 2 comprises nicotine.
  • a piercing member 15 may be operated to create opening in the storage compartment, thereby allowing the generated vapour to escape.
  • the piercing member 15 may be operated by the use of a button 9.
  • the piercing member 15 may be operated by the same actuating mechanism that activates the heat source of the vapour-generating unit 1.
  • the actuating mechanism for the vapour- generating units 1 is a button 9.
  • the actuating mechanism may comprise an alternative pressure-activated mechanism, such as a lever or a sliding mechanism.
  • the actuating mechanism may comprise a pulling mechanism, such as a twisting device or a plunger.
  • the actuating mechanism may comprise a breath-activated mechanism, such as a mechanically breath-activated mechanism, wherein the actuating mechanism is actuated by inhalation by the user.
  • the pressure drop triggering the actuation of the device may be in the region of 70 to 130 mm/WG, or about 100 mm/WG.
  • the vapours When the delivery device is in use, the vapours may be ready for inhalation up to 60 seconds, up to 45 seconds, up to 30 seconds, up to 20 seconds, up to 10 seconds, or up to 5 seconds following actuation of the actuating mechanism of a vapour-generating unit 1.
  • the aerosol is ready for inhalation within no more than 10 seconds from the actuation of the actuating mechanism. In an embodiment, the aerosol is ready for inhalation about 5 to 10 seconds after actuation of the actuating mechanism.
  • the actuating mechanism of the one or more vapour-generating units 1 may comprise a safety lock mechanism to prevent accidental actuation of the actuating mechanism, which may lead to the activation of the heat source and release of vapour from vapour- generating unit without subsequent inhalation by the user.
  • the safety mechanism may prevent the accidental actuation of the actuating mechanism when in the pocket of the user and/ or may act as a child protection mechanism.
  • the delivery device 100 may comprise an indicator to notify the user when the aerosol is ready for inhalation.
  • the indicator may be sensitive to the temperature of the heat source or the surrounding area, and may indicate when a temperature has been reached which means that a vapour has been generated and the user may draw on the mouthpiece of the device to form an aerosol within the housing and to inhale said aerosol.
  • the indicator may be in the form of a visual, audio and/or mechanical indicator.
  • the indicator may be a light, such as a light-emitting diode.
  • the delivery device 100 may comprise an indicator to notify the user when a vapour-generating unit ⁇ has been used.
  • the delivery device 100 may further comprise an overdose protection mechanism.
  • the overdose protection mechanism may impose a minimum time period between actuation of individual vapour-generating units ⁇ of an aerosol delivery device 100.
  • the permitted frequency of actuation of the units and therefore the permitted frequency of inhalation of doses allowed by an aerosol delivery device may be dependent on the identity and/or the concentration of the constituents in the composition to be vaporised 2.
  • the overdose protection mechanism may operate by preventing the simultaneous activation of the actuating mechanisms of two or more vapour- generating units l.
  • the overdose protection mechanism may operate by preventing the simultaneous activation of the actuating mechanisms of two or more vapour- generating units l.
  • the mechanism may operate by imposing a period following the actuation of the actuating mechanism of one vapour-generating unit during which the actuating mechanism of another vapour-generating unit cannot be actuated.
  • the period may be at least 20 seconds, at least 30 seconds or at least 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 minutes.
  • there may be a period of at least 20 seconds between actuation of vapour-generating units.
  • the preferred period will, at least in part, depend upon the nicotine delivery per "puff. If a single puff is to deliver the same amount of nicotine as an average puff on a conventional cigarette, then a period of between 20 and 40 seconds may be preferred.
  • the overdose protection mechanism may be in the form of a physical barrier to pressing more than one button simultaneously.
  • the overdose protection mechanism comprises a physical barrier to pressing more than one button 9 simultaneously.
  • the mechanism comprises one or more shape memory elements 121.
  • the shape memory element 121 may be attached to a corresponding platform 122 which comprises an opening 123 that is misaligned with the corresponding button 9, to prevent the depression of the button from actuating the actuating mechanism of the vapour-generating unit 1.
  • the button 9 corresponding to the vapour-generating unit 1 that will be depressed first (in this illustration, the vapour-generating unit closest to the mouthpiece 102)
  • all of the buttons are in a locked configuration.
  • the actuating mechanism activates the heat source.
  • the heat source heats the adjacent shape memory element 121, which subsequently changes shape to its memorised shape over time, moving the platform 122 so that the opening 123 is aligned with the button 9 of the next vapour-generating unit, thereby unlocking this button/unit.
  • the time taken for the shape memory element 121 to change shape introduces the delay between actuation of the first actuating mechanism, i.e. button, and the actuation of the next.
  • the material of the shape memory elements 121 may allow the change of shape in response to heat.
  • the material of shape memory elements comprises a metal alloy.
  • NiTiNOL may be used, which is a Ni (45%) and Ti (55%) alloy and was the first shape memory alloy to be discovered.
  • the overdose protection mechanism may comprise managing the supply of electrical energy, for example by using a
  • the microprocessor may be programmed to restore the circuit integrity only after a desired period of time following the actuation of the actuating mechanism of a vapour-generating unit.
  • An overdose protection mechanism comprising a microprocessor may also be used for delivery devices in which the heat source for the aerosol generator is not derived from electrical energy. In this embodiment, a separate power source for the microprocessor will be required.
  • the aerosol delivery device comprises a single button that is used to actuate the actuating mechanisms for all of the vapour-generating units in the device. In this embodiment, the overdose protection mechanism can delay the successive uses of the button to actuate the actuating mechanism of subsequent vapour-generating units.
  • the overdose protection mechanism may comprise a physical barrier to delay the sliding movement of the button.
  • Such an overdose protection mechanism is illustrated in Figures loA and loB.
  • the overdose protection mechanism comprises one or more bimetallic triggers 131, 132.
  • the actuating mechanism of the first vapour-generating unit 1 is actuated.
  • the heat source from the first vapour-generating unit 1 heats the bimetallic trigger 132 adjacent to the activated vapour-generating unit, causing the bimetallic trigger 132 to bend so that a portion of that bimetallic trigger 132 slots into a recess 133 in the button 109, holding the button in its depressed position.
  • Figure 10B shows that, when the adjacent bimetallic trigger 132 cools sufficiently, its shape changes so that it no longer slots into the recess 133 in the button 109, and the button is released. The user can then move the button 109 to the next position to actuate the next vapour-generating unit, which has a different bimetallic trigger 131 adjacent to it, which will be heated when that next vapour-generating unit is activated.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne la génération de vapeur et, selon certains aspects, la génération d'une vapeur qui se condense pour former un aérosol inhalable. L'invention concerne également des unités génératrices de vapeur permettant de générer la vapeur par réchauffement d'une composition à vaporiser, des dispositifs d'administration d'aérosol comprenant ces unités, et des procédés permettant de générer un aérosol inhalable.
PCT/GB2013/050474 2012-02-28 2013-02-27 Dispositifs d'administration et unités s'y rattachant WO2013128176A1 (fr)

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WO2022184946A1 (fr) * 2021-03-02 2022-09-09 Global Termobiomasa S.L. Dispositif thermique autonome multi-usages
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US9980521B2 (en) 2014-06-27 2018-05-29 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system with improved piercing member
WO2015197863A1 (fr) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-30 Philip Morris Products S.A. Systeme de generation d'aerosol a element perforateur ameliore
RU2672650C2 (ru) * 2014-06-27 2018-11-16 Филип Моррис Продактс С.А. Система, генерирующая аэрозоль, с усовершенствованным прокалывающим элементом
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US10485261B2 (en) 2014-09-26 2019-11-26 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating system comprising a novel delivery enhancing compound source
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