WO2013111112A1

WO2013111112A1 - Power control

Info

Publication number: WO2013111112A1
Application number: PCT/IB2013/050669
Authority: WO
Inventors: Antti Oskari Immonen; Jouni Kristian Kaukovuori; Tero Henttonen; Seppo Rousu
Original assignee: Renesas Mobile Corp
Current assignee: Renesas Electronics Corp
Priority date: 2012-01-26
Filing date: 2013-01-25
Publication date: 2013-08-01
Anticipated expiration: 2014-07-26
Also published as: GB2498758A; US8861413B2; GB201201337D0; GB2498758B; US20130194987A1

Abstract

Measures for enabling power control,for example for inter-band multi-carrier capable devices such as inter-band carrier aggregation capable devices. Such measures may comprise calculating at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of a terminal device, the two uplink carriers operating on different bands, and signaling the calculated at least one output power restriction value to the terminal device. Power control for the at least two uplink carriers can be performed using the acquired at least one output power restriction value.

Description

Power control

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to power control. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to measures (including methods, apparatuses, computer software and computer program products) for enabling power control for inter-band multi- carrier capable devices, such as inter-band carrier aggregation capable devices.

Background

In modern and future (cellular) communication systems, inter-band multi- carrier capability of devices such as terminal devices is gaining more attention and importance.

For example, in 3GPP systems, inter-band carrier aggregation represents an inter-band multi-carrier communication framework which shall be supported by devices such as terminal devices. In inter-band carrier aggregation, at least two carriers operating on different (frequency) bands are aggregated together in/for at least one of downlink and uplink.

When multiple carriers operating on different (frequency) bands are combined or aggregated (which is regarded as a carrier combination/aggregation transmission mode herein), such as in inter-band carrier aggregation, intermodulation distortion (IMD) is typically produced due to nonlinearity in active and/or passive components of a device transmitter (in case of uplink transmission), a device receiver (in case of downlink transmission) or a device transceiver (in both cases). Generally, intermodulation distortion components of (m+n)-th order are located at frequencies m*fi ± n*f₂. For instance, assuming that uplink carriers at frequencies fjLi and fjL2 are combined or aggregated, a second order intermodulation distortion component is located at one of frequencies 2*fuu, 2*fuL2, and fjLi ± fjL2, and a third order intermodulation component is located at one of frequencies 3*f^*uLi , 3*fuL2, *fuu ± fuL2, fjLi ± 2*f_UL2, and so on.

When at least one (or part) of the intermodulation distortion components falls in a (frequency) band being used for some transmission operation by the device in question, e.g. a DL carrier, such mtermodulation distortion can cause a significant amount of desensitization. Such desensitization is specifically applicable for certain (inter-band) combinations of standardized carriers depending on the frequency relations between uplink and downlink channel definitions.

Namely, for certain frequency relations between uplink and downlink channel definitions, (part of) mtermodulation distortion components of uplink carrier combinations are produced on top of a downlink carrier and thus destroy the performance thereof, if no additional power restrictions are in place. Referring to 3GPP uplink and downlink channel definitions according to 3GPP TS 36.104 (Table 5.5-1), for example, aggregating bands (i.e. aggregating component carriers operating on bands) B20 and B8 causes a third order mtermodulation distortion component from B20 UL (832-862MHz) and B8 UL (880-915MHz) to overlap with B8 DL (925- 960MHz). Furthermore, (part of) mtermodulation distortion components can also be produced on top of some non-3GPP Radio Access Technology (RAT), for instance in the 2.4GHz frequency band (ISM band) used e.g. by WLAN and Bluetooth. For instance, this is the case for the second order mtermodulation distortion component when aggregating bands B4 and B12.

The mtermodulation problem as outlined above, i.e. an excessive desensitization of some operating band/carrier (e.g. a DL carrier in case of a multi- band UL carrier combination), can be avoided if the mtermodulation power of an mtermodulation distortion component is sufficiently low so as compared with the actual transmission power of that operating band/carrier. For instance, desensitization could be considered not to be significant when being than 0.5 dB.

However, there are currently no means for reliably and efficiently ensuring such sufficiently low levels of desensitization in the context of mtermodulation distortion for inter-band multi-carrier combinations or aggregations, particularly whilst avoiding coverage problems.

Namely, using band-specific power restriction values such as A-MPR is not effective for inter-band multi-carrier combinations or aggregations. On the one hand, specifying appropriate A-MPR values for all involved bands in all conceivable band/carrier combinations in a reliable manner is not easily feasible or at least cumbersome. On the other hand, even if feasible, separate power control of individual bands/carriers to be combined may lead to unnecessary or excessive reduction in coverage of the respective uplink/downlink transmissions for avoiding excessive desensitization.

Thus, there is a desire to improve power control, for example in inter-band multi-carrier capable devices. More specifically, there is a desire to improve power control for inter-band multi-carrier capable devices in terms of at least one of coverage and control flexibility, for example in the context of inter-band carrier aggregation.

Summary

Various embodiments of the present disclosure aim at addressing at least part of the above issues and/or problems and drawbacks.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are set out in the appended claims.

According to first embodiments, there is a method of enabling power control, the method comprising:

calculating at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of a terminal device, the two uplink carriers operating on different bands, the calculated at least one output power restriction value comprising at least one combination-specific output power restriction value for the at least two uplink carriers; and

signaling the calculated at least one output power restriction value to the terminal device.

According to second embodiments, there is a method of enabling power control, the method comprising:

acquiring, at a terminal device, at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of the terminal device, the two uplink carriers operating on different bands, the calculated at least one output power restriction value comprising at least one combination-specific output power restriction value for the at least two uplink carriers; and performing, at the terminal device, power control for the at least two uplink carriers using the acquired at least one output power restriction value.

According to third embodiments, there is provided apparatus for use in enabling power control, the apparatus comprising a processing system adapted to cause the apparatus to:

calculate at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of a terminal device, the two uplink carriers operating on different bands, the calculated at least one output power restriction value comprising at least one combination-specific output power restriction value for the at least two uplink carriers; and

signal the calculated at least one output power restriction value to the terminal device.

According to fourth embodiments, there is provided apparatus for use in enabling power control, the apparatus comprising a processing system adapted to cause the apparatus to:

acquire, at a terminal device, at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of the terminal device, the two uplink carriers operating on different bands, the calculated at least one output power restriction value comprising at least one combination-specific output power restriction value for the at least two uplink carriers; and

perform, at the terminal device, power control for the at least two uplink carriers using the acquired at least one output power restriction value.

According to fifth embodiments, there is computer software adapted to perform the method of the first embodiments.

According to sixth embodiments, there is a computer program product comprising a (non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon, the computer readable instructions being executable by a computerized device to cause the computerized device to perform a method of enabling power control according to the first embodiments.

According to seventh embodiments, there is provided computer software adapted to perform the method of the second embodiments. According to eighth embodiments, there is provided a computer program product comprising a (non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon, the computer readable instructions being executable by a computerized device to cause the computerized device to perform a method of enabling power control according to the second embodiments.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product comprising computer-executable computer program code which, when the program is run on a computer (e.g. a computer of an apparatus according to any one of the aforementioned apparatus-related embodiments), is configured to cause the computer to carry out the method according to any one of the aforementioned method-related embodiments.

Such computer program products may comprise or be embodied as a (tangible) computer-readable (storage) medium or the like on which the computer-executable computer program code is stored, and/or the program may be directly loadable into an internal memory of the computer or a processor thereof.

Advantageous further developments or modifications of the aforementioned embodiments are set out in the following.

By virtue of any one of the aforementioned embodiments, an improved power control for inter-band multi-carrier capable devices in terms of at least one of coverage and control flexibility, e.g. in the context of inter-band carrier aggregation, is achieved.

By way of embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided power control for inter-band multi-carrier capable devices. More specifically, by way of embodiments of the present disclosure, there are provided measures and mechanisms for enabling power control for inter-band multi-carrier capable devices (in/for cellular communication systems), such as e.g. inter-band carrier aggregation capable devices.

Thus, enhancements are achieved by methods, apparatuses, computer software and computer program products enabling power control for inter-band multi-carrier capable devices. Further features and advantages will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments, given by way of example only, which is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

For a more complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 shows a diagram of an example of third order intermodulation distortion on a downlink band, for which embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable,

Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an example procedure according to embodiments of the present disclosure,

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of another example procedure according to embodiments of the present disclosure,

Figure 4 shows a diagram of an example of third order intermodulation distortion on two downlink bands, for which embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable,

Figure 5 shows a diagram of an example of third order harmonic distortion on a downlink band and second order intermodulation distortion on a reception band, for which embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable, and

Figure 6 shows a schematic block diagram illustrating example apparatuses according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Aspects of the present disclosure will be described herein below. More specifically, aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to particular non-limiting examples. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments are by no means limited to these examples, and may be more broadly applied. It is to be noted that the following description of the present disclosure and its embodiments mainly refers to specifications being used as non-limiting examples for certain example network configurations and deployments. Namely, the present disclosure and its embodiments are mainly described in relation to 3 GPP specifications being used as non-limiting examples for certain example network configurations and deployments. In particular, a LTE/LTE-Advanced communication system is used as a non-limiting example for the applicability of thus described embodiments. As such, the description of embodiments given herein specifically refers to terminology which is directly related thereto. Such terminology is only used in the context of the presented non-limiting examples, and naturally does not limit embodiments in any way. Rather, any other network configuration or system deployment, etc. may also be utilized as long as compliant with the features described herein.

In particular, the present disclosure and its embodiments may be applicable in any (cellular) communication system and/or network deployment operable with inter- band multi-carrier capable devices, e.g. in any (cellular) communication system and/or network deployment supporting inter-band carrier aggregation or the like.

Hereinafter, various embodiments and implementations of the present disclosure are described using several alternatives. It is generally noted that, according to certain needs and constraints, all of the described alternatives may be provided alone or in any conceivable combination (also including combinations of individual features of the various alternatives).

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, in general terms, there are provided mechanisms, measures and means for enabling power control for inter- band multi-carrier capable devices.

In the following, embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to methods, procedures and functions, as well as with reference to structural arrangements and configurations.

More specifically, without restricting generality, the present disclosure and embodiments thereof are described with reference to a 3GPP-based LTE communication system and inter-band carrier aggregation therein. As used herein, any references to aggregation or combination of bands (in the context of carrier aggregation) encompasses or corresponds to aggregation or combination of component carriers operating on respective bands.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of an example of third order intermodulation distortion on a downlink band, for which embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable. In Figure 1, the power spectral density is plotted against frequency.

Regarding Figure 1, it is noted that only third order intermodulation distortion is illustrated as a non-limiting example of a distortion/interference source. Nonetheless, other distortion/interference sources are equally applicable in the context of embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, at least in some operational cases, harmonics of certain carriers and/or adjacent channel powers (according to ACLR) of fundamental carrier powers and/or adjacent channel powers (according to ACLR) of harmonic carrier powers and/or intermodulation distortion results of ACLR may also be applicable and, thus, may be taken into account. In Figure 1 , such other conceivable distortion/interference sources are not illustrated for the sake of clarity only.

For the example of Figure 1, it is generally assumed that two uplink carriers of different bands are combined, wherein (part of) a third order intermodulation distortion component is produced on the downlink carrier of one of the two different bands. For illustrating the different effects of the two uplink carriers in the third order intermodulation distortion component, the two different bands are exemplarily assumed to have different bandwidths. In this regard, it is to be noted that, according to operational use cases, bandwidths of different bands may also be equal, and embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable for bands with the same or different bandwidths. In the present example, output powers of two uplink carriers may vary independently according to network power control commands for both components, and it is to be noted that embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable for any output powers and output power relationships of bands. Further, it is assumed that the third order intermodulation distortion component exhibits twice the effect of the uplink carrier 2 as compared with the uplink carrier 1, i.e. F_IMD3 = FU_LI ± 2*FU_L2- Accordingly, the downlink carrier of the second band suffers from desensitization, as described above.

Generally, it is to be noted that the following equations adopt simple adding operations, thus combining powers herein is simple, for instance 10dB+10dB=20dB and not 13dB.

In case of second order intermodulation, the intermodulation power of intermodulation (IMD2) is given by

PiMD2 = Px + Py - HP2, (1) wherein Px is the power of the victim band uplink (e.g. UL2), Py is the power of the jammer band uplink (e.g. ULl), i.e. the power of another (isolated) uplink antenna, and IIP2 is the second order intermodulation performance parameter e.g. of a front- end antenna switch.

Equation (1) can be written as

PIMD2 = PI + (P2 - ANTISOLATION) - ΠΡ2, (2) wherein PI and P2 are the TX powers of the uplinks ULl and UL2, respectively, ANT_ISOLATION is an antenna isolation, and IIP2 is the intermodulation performance parameter.

In case of third order intermodulation, the intermodulation power of intermodulation (IMD3) is given by

PiMD3 = 2 Px + Py - 2 IIP3, (3) and equation (3) can be written as

PiMDS = 2-P1 + (P2 - ANTISOLATION) - 2-ΠΡ3, (4) wherein IIP3 is the third order intermodulation performance parameter e.g. of a front- end antenna switch.

In equations (2) and (4), ANT_ISO_LATION and IIP2/IIP3 represent device-specific parameters of the device in question, e.g. a terminal device such as a UE. The antenna isolation is a device-specific parameter/value which alters between at least one of devices, antennas, frequencies, active antenna locations, and use cases (hand effects, mechanical structure positioning, etc.), and the intermodulation performance parameter IIP2/IIP3 are device-specific (typically component) parameters/values, i.e. constants typically given (guaranteed) by the component manufacturer.

As rule of thumb, which is adopted herein by way of example only, desensitization shall not exceed 0.5 dB. This means that the IMD power should be lOdB below reference sensitivity (B xy refsens).

When trying to use conventional band-specific power restriction values such as A-MPR, appropriate power restrictions for individual inter-band uplinks being combined would be extremely difficult and unreliable to define, as outlined hereinafter as a comparative example.

Referring to equations (2) and (4) above, it is evident that (almost) the only way to define power restrictions would be to assume UL2 without A-MPR and then calculate the maximum output power for UL1 according to e.g. equation (2) or (4). Thereby, the maximum power reduction needed for UL1 could be obtained, that ensures desensitization of less than 0.5 dB independent of the UL2 TX power. After that, the same operation would need to be carried out for UL2. Even after that, the actual power restriction is not unambiguously clear, since both ULs cannot actually be restricted according to the calculation where another UL is without A-MPR.

In order to explain this, a short example is given of the IMD2 calculation described above using equation (2).

Therein, since the maximum output power per device (e.g. UE) is defined by (23 + -3dBm), the maximum output power per band is assumed to be 20dB. Further, the following values are exemplarily assumed:

- ANTISOLATION =20dBm

- IIP2 = 115dBm - P2 = 20dBm

- B xy refsens = -94dBm => P_IMD2 = -104 dB (i.e. lOdB below B xy refsens to guarantee desensitization of less than 0.5dB).

For UL1, equation (2) thus reads: P 1+20-20-115=- 104dBm

Accordingly, the maximum output power PI for UL1 is

Pl=l IdBm (i.e. respective A-MPR would be 20-11 = 9dB)

For UL2, equation (2) thus reads: 20+P2-20-115=-104dBm

Accordingly, the maximum output power P2 for UL2 is

P2=l IdBm (i.e. respective A-MPR would be 20-11 = 9dB)

However, despite the result of these example calculations, restrictively defining that the maximum output power is 1 IdBm per band is not appropriate. On the other hand, it is not appropriate to restrictively define that, assuming another band is transmitting at +20dBm, the maximum allowed output power for another band is l ldBm.

In brief, current A-MPR signaling would have to be in the form of:

- A dB for PI (according to the above example e.g. A=9dB)

- B dB for P2 (according to the above example e.g. B=9dB)

- a fixed restriction for PI, e.g. +20dBm

- a fixed restriction for P2, e.g. +20dBm

A band-specific network signaling value (giving e.g. A-MPR) is included in both A and B.

Accordingly, it is not appropriate to use band-specific power restriction values such as A-MPR for defining power restrictions for individual inter-band uplinks being combined. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, power restriction values for combinations of inter-band uplinks, i.e. combination- or aggregation-specific power restriction values are proposed, as explained hereinafter.

In order to clarify this, short examples are given of IMD calculations described above using the above equations, which use the same example values as the above example for conventional band-specific power restriction values.

Namely, since the maximum output power per device (e.g. UE) is defined by (23 + -3dBm), the maximum output power per band is assumed to be 20dB. Further, the following values are exemplarily assumed:

- ANTISOLATION =20dBm

For IMD2, assuming IIP2 = 115dBm, equation (2) thus reads:

Pl+P2-20-115=-104dBm

Accordingly, the value for PI + P2, which is an example of an output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of the two uplinks UL1 and UL2 according to embodiments of the present disclosure, denoted as C herein, is:

C = Pl+P2=-104-(-115)-(-20)=31dBm

For IMD3, assuming IIP3 = 68dBm, equation (4) thus e.g. reads:

2*Pl+P2-20-2*68=-104dBm

This is the case when assuming that UL1 is the victim band uplink, while 2*P1+P2 would be replaced by P1+2*P2 when assuming that UL2 is the victim band uplink. That is to say, the coefficient depends on the victim band.

Accordingly, the value for 2*P1 + P2, which is an example of an output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of the two uplinks UL1 and UL2 according to embodiments of the present disclosure, denoted as C herein, is:

C = 2*Pl+P2=-104-(-2*68)-(-20)=52dBm

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplinks is calculated at the network side, signaled to a device/terminal side, and used at the device/terminal side for power control.

Accordingly, as a result of the above example, the output power restriction value/s C being utilized could be in the form of:

- C=P 1 +P2=31 dBm for IMD2, and/or

- C=2*Pl+P2=52dBm or C=Pl+2*P2=52dBm for IMD3.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the output power restriction value/s C could be represented as an indication of a maximum allowable output power value of the combination of uplinks, as exemplified above. In this case, the power control at the device/terminal side is performed such that the cumulative output power for the combination of the uplink carriers is equal to or less than the output power restriction value/s C.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the output power restriction value/s C could also be represented as an indication of a maximum output power reduction value of the combination of uplinks. In this case, the power control at the device/terminal side is performed such that the cumulative output power for the combination of the uplink carriers is equal to or less than the difference between a maximum output power value and the output power restriction value/s C.

For the latter case, power restriction related signaling according to embodiments of the present disclosure could have to be in the form of:

- C=Pl+P2=31dBm for IMD2, and/or C=2*Pl+P2=52dBm or C=Pl+2*P2=52dBm for IMD3, and

a fixed restriction (i.e. a maximum allowable output power value) per band, e.g. +20dBm. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, power restriction related signaling could have to be in the form of:

- NS_xy dB for PI,

- NS_yx dB for P2,

a fixed restriction (i.e. a maximum allowable output power value) per band, e.g. +20dBm.

The values NS_xy and NS_yx included in this example signaling are band- specific network signaling values (giving band-specific output power restriction values such as e.g. A-MPR), which are given in addition to the combination-specific output power restriction value C. It is noted that xy and yx in NS_xy and NS_yx constitute placeholders which may represent any number, e.g. NS_01 , NS_02, and so on. That is to say, corresponding information according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be signaled in any (specified) network signaling (NS) value.

The referenced NS values are not output power reduction values themselves, but may contain e.g. a table of output power reduction values (e.g. A-MPR values) which depend on different conditions (number of RBs, CC placement etc.). Therefore, the amount of e.g. A-MPR in a NS value can vary from 0 to 12 dB within NS xy or NS_yx, for example.

Such a signaling example is in compliance with current specifications, which prescribe signaling of such values relating to coexistence scenarios between certain bands. In such examples, the UE needs to ensure that both conditions on the basis of C and NS_xy/NS_yx are satisfied.

For example, in case of IMD2, when assuming C = 35 dB, NS_xy gives A- MPRpi = 5 dB and NS yx gives A-MPR_P2 = 0 dB, the UE can give up to PI = 23 - 5 dB = 18 dB for the band relating to the NS xy signaling value, and can give up to P2 = 35 - 18 = 17 dB for the band relating to the NS_yx signaling value. Thereby, excessive output powers could be avoided, which could make the relevant IMD2 distortion component too large, as compared with a case in which only band-specific output power restriction values are signaled and used for power control (in which case the sum of resulting band-specific output powers of 18 dB and 23 dB would amount to an excessive value of 41 dB).

Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an example procedure according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in Figure 2, a procedure according to embodiments of the present disclosure comprises the following operations/functions.

At the network side, i.e. at a base station or access node (BS) such as an eNB or the like, at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of a terminal device such as a UE or the like, the two uplink carriers operating on different bands, is calculated, and the calculated at least one output power restriction value is signaled to the terminal device. At the device/terminal side, i.e. at the device or terminal such as a UE, the signaled at least one output power restriction value is acquired, and power control for the at least two uplink carriers is performed using the acquired at least one output power restriction value at the terminal device.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, signaling may comprise transmitting a corresponding signaling message or the like, and acquiring may comprise receiving a corresponding signaling, signaling message or the like.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, any output power restriction value C is calculated on the basis of an intermodulation power equation for the intermodulation power of the at least two uplink carriers. For example, the above second- and third-order intermodulation power equations for P_IMD2 and P_IMD3 could be used in this regard, as exemplified in the above example. When using such intermodulation power equations, an allowable intermodulation power is to be specified or assumed (in the above example, -104dBm), and one or more related device-specific parameters of the terminal device are to be employed (in the above example, ANTISOLATION and IIP2/IIP3). For example, values of ANTISOLATION and IIP2/IIP3 may be read from look up tables. In some embodiments, a terminal may execute measurements to define isolation value/s between antennas and/or other relevant parameters/values so as to derive corresponding values. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, any output power restriction value C may be calculated as a maximum allowable output power value. This may be accomplished by direct usage of respective intermodulation power equations. Also, any output power restriction value C may be calculated as a maximum output power reduction value. This may be accomplished by calculating a difference between a maximum output power and a maximum allowable output power value being directly derivable from respective intermodulation power equations.

Furthermore, in the calculation of the output power restriction value/s, network conditions may also be taken into consideration. This may be involved in the context of setting required output powers for UEs by the network (i.e. when the network asks the UEs to increase/decrease power depending on the network conditions). In this regard, e.g. the longer the distance between the base station and the device/terminal and/or the higher the interference level on some uplink transmissions, the more power the base station requires the device/terminal to use for uplink transmissions.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, any output power restriction value may comprise an output power restriction value for each combination of uplink carriers of the terminal device, or an output power restriction value for those combinations of uplink carriers of the terminal device which cause intermodulation distortion on at least one of a downlink carrier and a reception band of the terminal device, or an output power restriction value for a group of combinations of uplink carriers of the terminal device which cause a specific order intermodulation distortion (i.e. an intermodulation distortion of a specific order) on at least one of a downlink carrier and a reception band of the terminal device.

Embodiments of the present disclosure comprise calculation, signaling and power control application of power restriction values per all combined ULs or, at least, per all relevant combined ULs (e.g. those ULs which are usable at the UE and/or those ULs causing intermodulation distortion in relevant band/s). Further, instead of defining different power restriction values for each (relevant) band combination, power restriction values for certain (relevant) band combinations could also be grouped, e.g. based on a root for interference or order of IMD (e.g. IMD2, IMD3, and so on). Accordingly, as in the above example, a power restriction value C could be defined for IMD2 and a power restriction value C could be defined for IMD3. Thus, there could in practice be around 2 to 5 different power restriction values needed to tackle all relevant inter-band combinations with intermodulation distortion problems.

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of another example procedure according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in Figure 3, a procedure according to embodiments of the present disclosure comprises the operations/functions of the procedure according to Figure 2. In addition thereto, the procedure according to Figure 3 comprises at least one of the following operations/functions (both of which are illustrated for the sake of simplicity in Figure 3).

On the one hand, one or more of the device-specific parameters required to calculate the power restriction value/s at the network side, may be notified from the UE to the BS. In the above example, ANT_ISO_LATION and IIP2/IIP3 could be signaled in this way. Further, the BTS may be notified from the UE with information regarding a movement state of the device/terminal, e.g. whether the UE is a moving or non- moving device and/or speed information. The BTS may use such movement-related information to calculate the power restriction value/s at the network side. Namely, with a non-moving or slowly moving device, the network may use e.g. different algorithms or margins than with a moving or rapidly moving device.

The device-specific parameters and/or the movement-related information may be notified on demand, e.g. upon request from the network side and/or after having been changed. Such notification from the device/terminal is effective in that the device/terminal knows its own device-specific parameters and/or movement-related information, which may be based on current measurement or detection and/or standard values or positioning (which may e.g. be pre-stored in the course of manufacturing or product testing, etc.).

On the other hand, additionally or alternatively (and independent of the above- outlined notification of device-specific parameters), the power control at the device/terminal side may comprise splitting the output power restriction value/s over the at least two uplink carriers of the terminal device. As outlined above, such splitting is to be such that the cumulative output power for the combination of the uplink carriers is equal to or less than the output power restriction value/s C when the output power restriction value/s C indicate a maximum allowable output power value, and such splitting is to be such that the cumulative output power for the combination of the uplink carriers is equal to or less than the difference between a maximum output power value and the output power restriction value/s C when the output power restriction value/s C indicate a maximum output power reduction value.

In general terms, such power restriction value splitting may be based on at least one of one or more device properties of the terminal device (such as selected active antennas, alternate radio (e.g. WLAN) interoperability, and the like), one or more interference conditions on at least one of a downlink carrier and a reception band of the terminal device, and one or more performance requirements of at least one of a downlink carrier and a reception band of the terminal device.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, besides the combination- specific output power restriction values C, band- specific output power restriction values (e.g. given by NS_xy/NS_yx) for the at least two uplink carriers may additionally be signaled form the BS to the UE. In this case, the UE may acquire both types of output power restriction values and may perform the power control using the acquired combination-specific output power restriction values and the acquired band- specific output power restriction values. In this regard, also relating to power control/splitting, reference is made to the above signaling example including both C and NS_xy/NS_yx values.

In view of the above, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, flexibility in power control of uplinks in the context of uplink carrier combination or aggregation could be achieved, whilst avoiding coverage problems.

Namely, by signaling the value C for the device/terminal, there is flexibility for the device/terminal to assign power to uplinks on use case interference scenario specific basis. As e.g. in the example cases of IMD2 and IMD3, as outlined above, the respective equations contain only constants and power factors PI and P2, the value C could be used for power control e.g. by splitting between factor PI for UL1 and P2 for UL2 depending on the actual use case interference scenario and the like. The ratio between power restrictions for uplinks is not fixed but is device and network scenario specific.

In the following, two example use cases for embodiments of the present disclosure are given.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of an example of third order intermodulation distortion on two downlink bands, for which embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable.

As illustrated towards the top of Figure 4, a carrier aggregation scenario with two 3GPP-standardized bands B8 and B20 in the 1 GHz range (i.e. two low-range bands) is assumed, and it is assumed that a single base station BS is used for UE-BS transmission on these two bands. As the two bands have a similar frequency, the radii of coverage for the two bands are fairly similar, but differ from each other due to different propagation losses.

As illustrated towards the bottom of Figure 4, due to third order intermodulation of the combination of uplink carriers in band B20 (denoted as ULl) and B8 (denoted as UL2), the DLs of both bands suffer from desensitization.

In this outlined above, it may be assumed that the BS signals an output power restriction value C=52dBm for 2*Ps+P₂o. Then, the UE may split the value of 52 dBm between the uplinks ULl and UL2 according to device properties and/or interference conditions and/or performance requirements. Accordingly, the UE has flexibility in splitting the network-signaled output power restriction value thereby avoiding excessive desensitization of downlink/carrier transmission in question, whilst enabling coverage maximization for each band combination.

In the power control operation, e.g. the splitting, as well as in the calculation operation, the different weights of the individual uplinks/carriers depending on consideration of the victim uplink/carrier are taken into account. For example in the case of third and fifth order intermodulation, the power in the band has twice the impact as the power of the other (jammer) band.

Figure 5 shows a diagram of an example of third order harmonic distortion on a downlink band and second order intermodulation distortion on a reception band, for which embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable. As illustrated towards the top of Figure 5, a carrier aggregation scenario with two 3GPP-standardized bands is assumed, wherein band B17 resides in the 1 GHz range (i.e. a low-range band) and band B4 resides in the 2 GHz range (i.e. a high- range band), and it is assumed that a single base station BS is used for UE-BS transmission on these two bands. As the two bands have a fairly different frequency, the radii of coverage for the two bands are also fairly different.

As illustrated towards the bottom of Figure 5, two kinds of distortion may be relevant in such a case. On the one hand, the ISM suffers from desensitization due to (part of the) second order intermodulation of the combination of uplink carriers in band B17 (denoted as UL1) and band B4 (denoted as UL2). On the other hand, (part of) the third harmonic (H3) of the uplink of band B17 hits the downlink of band B4, thus suffering from desensitization as well.

In this case, it may be straightforward to decrease the UL power of band B17 due to its better range and coverage area. However, at the same time, as both ULs cause IMD2 to the 2.4-GHz ISM band, the UE may implement a C value power split between UL1 and UL2 according to performance requirements of its own DL channel and alternate RAT radio (e.g. WLAN, Bluetooth, etc.) receptions in the 2.4-GHz ISM band in order to keep both radio systems/transmissions operating. Accordingly, using the value C from the network, the UE may appropriately perform power control in consideration of both requirements/conditions/approaches mentioned above.

Generally, it is to be noted that the above examples commonly assume a combination of two uplinks or two uplink carriers, respectively. Such assumption is made only by way of example in an effort to simplify explanation of the principles of the present disclosure and its embodiments. Irrespective thereof, any number of uplinks or uplink carriers could be combined and corresponding output power restriction values could equally be calculated, signaled and applied as well. That is to say, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to a specific number of uplinks or uplink carriers to be combined.

Further, it is noted that the above examples mainly relate to second and third order intermodulation. Such relation is made only by way of example in an effort to simplify explanation of the principles of the present disclosure and its embodiments. Irrespective thereof, any kind, type, source, modulation and order of intermodulation could be equally considered as well. That is to say, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to a specific intermodulation order to be considered.

Still further, it is noted that inter-band multi-carrier capable devices are herein assumed to consistently operate in a carrier combination/aggregation transmission mode. While such devices are typically also operable in a single carrier transmission mode, such transmission mode and/or a switching between such transmission modes is not a relevant aspect of the present specification.

Still further, it is noted that the above examples are mainly described with respect to intermodulation distortion and harmonic distortion. Yet, it is to be noted that the principles of the present disclosure are equally applicable to any other distortion/interference sources as well. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one distortion/interference component may comprise one or more of an intermodulation power, a harmonic power, a fundamental power, a fundamental channel leakage power (e.g. ACLR power), and a harmonic channel leakage power (e.g. harmonic fundamental ACLR power) of the at least one uplink band of the terminal device. Stated in other words, the source of distortion/interference is generally not relevant for the applicability of embodiments of the present disclosure.

Generally, the above-described procedures and functions may be implemented by respective functional elements, processors, or the like, as described below.

While in the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are described mainly with reference to methods, procedures and functions, corresponding embodiments of the present disclosure also cover respective apparatuses, network nodes and systems, including both software, algorithms, and/or hardware thereof.

Respective embodiments of the present disclosure are described below referring to Figure 6, while for the sake of brevity reference is made to the detailed description with regard to Figures 1 to 5.

In Figure 6 below, which is noted to represent a simplified block diagram, the solid line blocks are configured to perform respective operations as described above. The entirety of solid line blocks are configured to perform the methods and operations as described above, respectively. With respect to Figure 6, it is to be noted that the individual blocks are meant to illustrate respective functional blocks implementing a respective function, process or procedure, respectively. Such functional blocks are implementation-independent, i.e. may be implemented by means of any kind of hardware or software, respectively. The arrows and lines interconnecting individual blocks are meant to illustrate an operational coupling there-between, which may be a physical and/or logical coupling, which on the one hand is implementation- independent (e.g. wired or wireless) and on the other hand may also comprise an arbitrary number of intermediary functional entities not shown. The direction of an arrow is meant to illustrate the direction in which certain operations are performed and/or the direction in which certain data is transferred.

Further, in Figure 6, only those functional blocks are illustrated, which relate to any one of the above-described methods, procedures and functions. A skilled person will acknowledge the presence of any other conventional functional blocks required for an operation of respective structural arrangements, such as e.g. a power supply, a central processing unit, respective memories or the like. Among others, memories are provided for storing programs or program instructions for controlling the individual functional entities to operate as described herein.

In view of the above, the thus described apparatuses 10 and 20 are suitable for use in practicing the embodiments of the present disclosure, as described herein.

The thus described apparatus 10 may represent a (part of a) device or terminal such as a mobile station MS or user equipment UE or a modem (which may be installed as part of a MS or UE, but may be also a separate module, which can be attached to various devices), and may be configured to perform a procedure and/or functionality as described in conjunction with any one of Figures 2 and 3. The thus described apparatus 20 may represent a (part of a) network entity, such as a base station or access node or any network-based controller, e.g. an eNB, and may be configured to perform a procedure and/or functionality as described in conjunction with any one of Figures 2 and 3. As indicated in Figure 6, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, each of the apparatuses comprises a processing system or processor 11/21, a memory 12/22 and an interface 13/23, which are connected by a bus 14/24 or the like, and the apparatuses may be connected via link 30, respectively.

The processing system or processor 11/21 and/or the interface 13/23 may also include a modem or the like to facilitate communication over a (hardwire or wireless) link, respectively. The interface 13/23 may include a suitable transceiver coupled to one or more antennas or communication means for (hardwire or wireless) communications with the linked or connected device(s), respectively. The interface 13/23 is generally configured to communicate with at least one other apparatus, i.e. the interface thereof.

The memory 12/22 may store respective programs assumed to include program instructions or computer program code that, when executed by the respective processor, enables the respective electronic device or apparatus to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure.

In general terms, the respective devices/apparatuses (and/or parts thereof) may represent means for performing respective operations and/or exhibiting respective functionalities, and/or the respective devices (and/or parts thereof) may have functions for performing respective operations and/or exhibiting respective functionalities.

When in the subsequent description it is stated that the processor (or some other means) is configured to perform some function, this is to be construed to be equivalent to a description stating that at least one processor, potentially in cooperation with computer program code stored in the memory of the respective apparatus, is configured to cause the apparatus to perform at least the thus mentioned function. Also, such function is to be construed to be equivalently implementable by specifically configured means for performing the respective function (i.e. the expression "processor configured to [cause the apparatus to] perform xxx-ing" is construed to be equivalent to an expression such as "means for xxx-ing").

In its most basic form, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the apparatus 10 or its processing system or processor 11 is configured to perform acquiring at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of a terminal device, the two uplink carriers operating on different bands, at the terminal device (thus the apparatus comprising corresponding means for acquiring), and performing power control for the at least two uplink carriers using the acquired at least one output power restriction value at the terminal device (thus the apparatus comprising corresponding means for performing power control).

In its most basic form, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the apparatus 20 or its processing system or processor 21 is configured to perform calculating at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of a terminal device, the two uplink carriers operating on different bands (thus the apparatus comprising corresponding means for calculating), and signaling the calculated at least one output power restriction value to the terminal device (thus the apparatus comprising corresponding means for signaling).

For further details regarding the operability/functionality of the individual apparatuses, reference is made to the above description in connection with any one of Figures 1 to 5, respectively.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a system may comprise any conceivable combination of the thus depicted devices/apparatuses and other network elements, which are configured to cooperate with any one of them.

In general, it is to be noted that respective functional blocks or elements according to above-described embodiments can be implemented by any known means, either in hardware and/or software/firmware, respectively, if it is only adapted to perform the described functions of the respective parts. The mentioned method steps can be realized in individual functional blocks or by individual devices, or one or more of the method steps can be realized in a single functional block or by a single device.

Generally, any structural means such as a processor, processing system or other circuitry may refer to one or more of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry) and (b) combinations of circuits and software (and/or firmware), such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of processor(s) or (ii) portions of processor(s)/software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) circuits, such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present. Also, it may also cover an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware, any integrated circuit, or the like.

Generally, any procedural step or functionality is suitable to be implemented as software/firmware or by hardware without changing the ideas of the present disclosure. Such software may be software code independent and can be specified using any known or future developed programming language, such as e.g. Java, C++, C, and Assembler, as long as the functionality defined by the method steps is preserved. Such hardware may be hardware type independent and can be implemented using any known or future developed hardware technology or any hybrids of these, such as MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor), CMOS (Complementary MOS), BiMOS (Bipolar MOS), BiCMOS (Bipolar CMOS), ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic), TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), etc., using for example ASIC (Application Specific IC (Integrated Circuit)) components, FPGA (Field-programmable Gate Arrays) components, CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) components or DSP (Digital Signal Processor) components. A device/apparatus may be represented by a semiconductor chip, a chipset, or a (hardware) module comprising such chip or chipset; this, however, does not exclude the possibility that a functionality of a device/apparatus or module, instead of being hardware implemented, be implemented as software in a (software) module such as a computer program or a computer program product comprising executable software code portions for execution/being run on a processor. A device may be regarded as a device/apparatus or as an assembly of more than one device/apparatus, whether functionally in cooperation with each other or functionally independently of each other but in a same device housing, for example. Apparatuses and/or means or parts thereof can be implemented as individual devices, but this does not exclude that they may be implemented in a distributed fashion throughout the system, as long as the functionality of the device is preserved. Such and similar principles are to be considered as known to a skilled person.

Software in the sense of the present description comprises software code as such comprising code means or portions or a computer program or a computer program product for performing the respective functions, as well as software (or a computer program or a computer program product) embodied on a tangible medium such as a computer-readable (storage) medium having stored thereon a respective data structure or code means/portions or embodied in a signal or in a chip, potentially during processing thereof.

The present disclosure also covers any conceivable combination of method steps and operations described above, and any conceivable combination of nodes, apparatuses, modules or elements described above, as long as the above-described concepts of methodology and structural arrangement are applicable.

In view of the above, the present disclosure and/or embodiments thereof provide measures for enabling power control for inter-band multi-carrier capable devices, such as e.g. inter-band carrier aggregation capable devices. Such measures may exemplarily comprise calculating at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of a terminal device, the two uplink carriers operating on different bands, signaling the calculated at least one output power restriction value to the terminal device, and performing power control for the at least two uplink carriers using the acquired at least one output power restriction value at the terminal device.

The measures according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied for any kind of network environment, such as for example for communication systems in accordance with 3 GPP RAN1/RAN2/RAN3/RAN4 standards, i.e. LTE standards of release 10/11/12/... (including LTE-Advanced and its evolutions) and/or UMTS standards and/or WCDMA standards and/or HSPA standards. In particular, the measures according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to inter- band carrier aggregation which is a feature of 3GPP LTE standards of release 10/11/12 and onwards.

Even though the present disclosure and/or embodiments are described above with reference to the examples according to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that they are not restricted thereto. Rather, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure can be modified in many ways without departing from the scope of the inventive ideas as disclosed and claimed herein.

The above embodiments are to be understood as illustrative examples. Further embodiments are envisaged. It is to be understood that any feature described in relation to any one embodiment may be used alone, or in combination with other features described, and may also be used in combination with one or more features of any other of the embodiments, or any combination of any other of the embodiments. Furthermore, equivalents and modifications not described above may also be employed without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.

List of acronyms and abbreviations:

3 GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio

A-MPR Additional Maximum Power Reduction

CA Carrier Aggregation

CC Component Carrier

DL Downlink

eNB evolved Node B (E-UTRAN base station)

E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN

HSPA High Speed Packet Access

IM Intermodulation

IMD Intermodulation distortion

ISM band Industrial, Scientific and Medical band

LTE Long Term Evolution LTE-A Long Term Evolution Advanced

NS Network Signaling

PSD Power Spectral Density

RAT Radio Access Technology

RB Resource Block

TX Transmitter/Transmission

UE User Equipment

UL Uplink

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

Claims

1. A method of enabling power control, the method comprising:

calculating at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of a terminal device, said two uplink carriers operating on different bands, said calculated at least one output power restriction value comprising at least one combination-specific output power restriction value for said at least two uplink carriers; and

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:

the calculating is based on at least one intermodulation power equation for the intermodulation power of the at least two uplink carriers, an allowable intermodulation power, and one or more related device-specific parameters of the terminal device and/or movement-related information of the terminal device, and/or the signaling comprises signaling band-specific output power restriction values for the at least two uplink carriers.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one output power restriction value comprises at least one of:

an output power restriction value for each combination of uplink carriers of the terminal device,

an output power restriction value for those combinations of uplink carriers of the terminal device which cause intermodulation distortion on at least one of a downlink carrier and a reception band of the terminal device, and

an output power restriction value for a group of combinations of uplink carriers of the terminal device which cause a specific order intermodulation distortion on at least one of a downlink carrier and a reception band of the terminal device.

4. The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one output power restriction value indicates at least one of:

a maximum allowable output power value, and

a maximum output power reduction value.

5. The method according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein:

the method is operable at or by a base station or access node of a cellular system, and/or

the method is operable in at least one of a LTE and a LTE-A cellular system, and/or

the combination of the at least two uplink carriers of the terminal device, for which an output power restriction value for a cumulative output power is calculated, constitutes an inter-band carrier aggregation.

6. A method of enabling power control, the method comprising:

acquiring, at a terminal device, at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of the terminal device, said two uplink carriers operating on different bands, said calculated at least one output power restriction value comprising at least one combination- specific output power restriction value for said at least two uplink carriers; and

performing, at the terminal device, power control for the at least two uplink carriers using the acquired at least one output power restriction value.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein:

the at least one output power restriction value is based on at least one mtermodulation power equation for the mtermodulation power of the at least two uplink carriers, an allowable intermodulation power, and one or more related device- specific parameters of the terminal device and/or movement-related information of the terminal device, and/or

the power control comprises splitting the at least one output power restriction value over the at least two uplink carriers of the terminal device based on at least one of one or more device properties of the terminal device, one or more interference conditions on at least one of a downlink carrier and a reception band of the terminal device, and one or more performance requirements of at least one of a downlink carrier and a reception band of the terminal device, and/or

the acquiring comprises acquiring band-specific output power restriction values for the at least two uplink carriers, and the power control is performed using the acquired at least one output power restriction value and the acquired band-specific output power restriction values.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the at least one output power restriction value comprises at least one of:

9. The method according to any of claims 6 to 8, wherein the at least one output power restriction value indicates at least one of:

a maximum allowable output power value, wherein the power control is performed such that the cumulative output power for the combination of the at least two uplink carriers is equal to or less than the at least one output power restriction value, and

a maximum output power reduction value, wherein the power control is performed such that the cumulative output power for the combination of the at least two uplink carriers is equal to or less than the difference between a maximum output power value and the at least one output power restriction value.

10. The method according to any of claims 6 to 9, wherein:

the method is operable at or by a terminal, user equipment, mobile station or modem, and/or

11. An apparatus for use in enabling power control, said apparatus comprising a processing system adapted to cause the apparatus to:

calculate at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of a terminal device, said two uplink carriers operating on different bands, said calculated at least one output power restriction value comprising at least one combination-specific output power restriction value for said at least two uplink carriers; and

12. The apparatus according to claim 1 1, wherein the processing system is adapted to cause the apparatus to:

perform the calculating based on at least one intermodulation power equation for the intermodulation power of the at least two uplink carriers, an allowable intermodulation power, and one or more related device-specific parameters of the terminal device and/or movement-related information of the terminal device, and/or perform the signaling comprising signaling band-specific output power restriction values for the at least two uplink carriers.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the at least one output power restriction value comprises at least one of: an output power restriction value for each combination of uplink carriers of the terminal device,

14. The apparatus according to any of claims 11 to 13, wherein the at least one output power restriction value indicates at least one of:

a maximum allowable output power value, and

a maximum output power reduction value.

15. The apparatus according to any of claims 11 to 14, wherein:

the apparatus is operable as or at a base station or access node of a cellular system, and/or

the apparatus is operable in at least one of a LTE and a LTE-A cellular system, and/or

16. An apparatus for use in enabling power control, the apparatus comprising a processing system adapted to cause the apparatus to:

acquire, at a terminal device, at least one output power restriction value for a cumulative output power for a combination of at least two uplink carriers of the terminal device, said two uplink carriers operating on different bands, said calculated at least one output power restriction value comprising at least one combination- specific output power restriction value for said at least two uplink carriers; and perform, at the terminal device, power control for the at least two uplink carriers using the acquired at least one output power restriction value.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein:

the at least one output power restriction value is based on at least one intermodulation power equation for the intermodulation power of the at least two uplink carriers, an allowable intermodulation power, and one or more related device- specific parameters of the terminal device and/or movement-related information of the terminal device, and/or

the processing system is adapted to cause the apparatus to, in the power control, split the at least one output power restriction value over the at least two uplink carriers of the terminal device based on at least one of one or more device properties of the terminal device, one or more interference conditions on at least one of a downlink carrier and a reception band of the terminal device, and one or more performance requirements of at least one of a downlink carrier and a reception band of the terminal device, and/or

the acquiring comprises acquiring band-specific output power restriction values for the at least two uplink carriers, and performing the power control comprises using the acquired at least one output power restriction value and the acquired band- specific output power restriction values at the terminal device.

18. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the at least one output power restriction value comprises at least one of:

19. The apparatus according to any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the at least one output power restriction value indicates at least one of:

a maximum allowable output power value, wherein the processing system is adapted to cause the apparatus to perform the power control such that the cumulative output power for the combination of the at least two uplink carriers is equal to or less than the at least one output power restriction value, and

a maximum output power reduction value, wherein the processing system is adapted to cause the apparatus to perform the power control such that the cumulative output power for the combination of the at least two uplink carriers is equal to or less than the difference between a maximum output power value and the at least one output power restriction value.

20. The apparatus according to any of claims 16 to 19, wherein:

the apparatus is operable as or at a terminal, user equipment, mobile station or modem, and/or

21. Computer software adapted to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 5.

22. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer- readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon, the computer readable instructions being executable by a computerized device to cause the computerized device to perform a method of enabling power control according to any of claims 1 to 5.

23. Computer software adapted to perform the method of any of claims 6 to 10.

24. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer- readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon, the computer readable instructions being executable by a computerized device to cause the computerized device to perform a method of enabling power control according to any of claims 6 to 10.