WO2013110703A1

WO2013110703A1 - High-efficiency system for generating electricity from solar energy collected by a solar heat collectors and using an engine in which heat is exchanged with two sources and which has an external heat source

Info

Publication number: WO2013110703A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/051337
Authority: WO
Inventors: Boris CHENAUD; Christophe CHAUBET; Christophe CONSEJO
Original assignee: Universite Montpellier 2, Sciences Et Techniques; Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S)
Priority date: 2012-01-24
Filing date: 2013-01-24
Publication date: 2013-08-01
Also published as: EP2839120A1; FR2986042A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for converting solar energy into electrical and/or heat energy, including a plurality (4) of solar heat collectors, a first fluid transport loop (5), a heat engine in which heat is exchanged with two sources and which has an external heat source (6) comprising a hot source (24) and a cold source (28), an alternator (7) connected to the heat engine (6), and a second fluid transport loop (208). The first fluid loop is configured to transport heat from the solar heat collectors to the hot source and the second fluid loop is configured to recover the heat supplied by the cold source (28). The system (302) for converting solar energy includes a heat pump (9) configured to collect heat from the cold source (24) and to transfer preheating heat to the first fluid loop (5).

Description

High efficiency system for producing electricity from solar energy harvested by solar thermal collectors and using an external heat source ditherme engine

The present invention relates to a system for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy with a high thermodynamic efficiency for the conversion into electrical energy that uses the solar energy harvested by solar thermal collectors, that is, that is to say sensors without photovoltaic panels, to transform it into electrical energy and / or heat according to the needs of the user.

It is known to produce domestic electrical energy from photovoltaic sensors, that is to say solar cells that directly convert the electromagnetic energy of solar radiation into electrical energy.

This production of electrical energy has a low yield and consequently a large amount of thermal energy is lost.

To remedy this drawback, the solar energy conversion system described in document DE102008039191 makes it possible to recover the energy from the conversion losses of photovoltaic panels, installed on and covering a large roof area of a building, and of use this energy as heat as a heat source for a Stirling cycle engine. This system also provides heat to a hot water supply device.

The system comprises photovoltaic panels, a Stirling cycle heat engine, a hot water supply device, a first fluidic loop and a second fluidic loop, isolated from one another in fluid flow and thermally coupled thereto through a first heat exchanger.

The Stirling engine is here coupled to an alternator which converts the mechanical energy of the Stirling engine into electrical energy, and conventionally comprises a hot source and a cold source.

Through its heat transfer fluid, the first fluidic loop crossing the photovoltaic solar panels recovers heat from the conversion losses of the photovoltaic cells, then supplies the heat source of the engine with heat, then leaves directly towards the first exchanger and yields through the latter from the heat to the fluid passing through the second fluidic loop.

Then, the first fluidic loop passes successively through a regulator and the cold source of the engine to then return to the photovoltaic panels.

Through its heat transfer fluid, the second fluidic loop passing through the first heat exchanger recovers heat not used by the heat engine, then gives a portion to the hot water supply device through a second heat exchanger.

The combined action of the energy recovery by the second fluidic loop and the expansion by the expander makes it possible to lower the temperature of the cold source and consequently to improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the engine.

This system has the disadvantage that not only is it applicable to large areas of photovoltaic panels, but that the disadvantages of the use of photovoltaic panels remain, namely the difficulty or impossibility of repairing the panels when they become defective, and the difficulty of recycling them.

To remedy this drawback, one solution is to replace photovoltaic solar cells, optimized in terms of conversion efficiency into electrical energy, by solar thermal collectors, optimized in terms of conversion efficiency into thermal energy.

US Pat. No. 5,228,293 describes an example of this solution which consists in producing electrical energy with good yields from the heat of solar radiation captured by an optical concentrator such as a spherical or parabolic mirror.

The system described by US Pat. No. 5,228,293 comprises an optical concentrator, a solar thermal sensor, a Stirling cycle heat engine, a first fluidic loop and a second fluidic loop, mutually isolated in terms of fluid flow and thermally coupled together. through the engine.

The solar thermal collector, located at the focal point of the optical concentrator, is configured to convert solar radiation into heat and transfer it to the fluid flowing through the first fluidic loop at a temperature of about 370 degrees Celsius.

The heat engine is coupled to an alternator that converts the mechanical energy of the Stirling engine into electrical energy, and typically includes a hot source and a cold source.

Through its heat transfer fluid, the first fluidic loop passing through the solar thermal collector recovers heat converted from concentrated solar radiation, where appropriate is heated by a fossil fuel burner, and then supplies the heat source of the engine with heat, then returns directly to the solar thermal collector.

Through its heat transfer fluid, the second fluidic loop recovers heat at the cold source of the heat engine, then through a hot water supply device gives off heat and then through a radiator cooled by a fan gives up heat, then crossing a pump of The cooling system gives off heat and returns directly to the engine's cold source.

The combined action of heat recovery by the device in hot water supply, heat recovery by the radiator, heat recovery by the cooling pump has the effect of lowering the temperature of the cold source and as a consequence to improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the engine.

This system always has the disadvantage of being exploitable only on an industrial scale, because of the large extent of the reflector and a large focal length, required to reach a relatively high temperature of the solar thermal sensor of the order 400 degrees Celsius.

The technical problem is to increase the thermodynamic efficiency of a dithermic machine with external heat source, which thermal machine is fed on its hot source by heat from conventional solar thermal sensors, without optical concentrator, and covering the surface the size of an individual dwelling house.

In a related manner, the technical problem is to provide the architecture of a system for converting solar energy into electrical and thermal energy from conventional solar thermal sensors, without an optical concentrator, and covering the surface of the waist. of an individual dwelling house.

For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a system for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy, characterized in that it comprises

a plurality of solar thermal sensors configured to convert solar energy into heat and provide it to a first heat transfer fluid through a first heat exchange zone;

a first transport fluidic loop containing the first heat transfer fluid, having a second heat exchange zone coupled to the first heat exchange zone to receive the heat transferred by the solar thermal collectors, having a third heat exchange zone; heat and maintenance of a hot source temperature, and having a fourth exchange zone for recovering a preheating heat;

an external heat source ditherm thermal engine having a hot source at a hot source temperature having a fifth heat exchange zone coupled to the third heat exchange zone to receive heat transferred by the first heat transfer fluid, a cold source at a cold source temperature having a sixth heat exchange and maintenance zone of a cold source temperature, a mechanical energy shaping transmission element mechanical, the motor being configured to convert a portion of the heat supplied by the hot source into mechanical energy supplied to the mechanical transmission element, and to transfer heat, not converted to mechanical energy, to the cold source;

an electromechanical generator, coupled to the heat engine through the mechanical transmission element and having at least two electrical terminals, configured to convert the mechanical energy of the engine into electrical energy;

a second transport fluidic loop containing a second heat transfer fluid, having a seventh heat exchange zone coupled to the sixth heat exchange zone for recovering heat supplied by the cold source, and having an eighth exchange zone to give up heat; and

a heat pump having a third fluidic loop, the third fluidic loop, containing a third heat transfer fluid, having a ninth heat exchange zone coupled to the eighth zone for recovering heat transported by the second heat transfer fluid, having a tenth heat exchange zone coupled to the fourth heat exchange zone for delivering heat from the third heat transfer fluid to the first heat transfer fluid.

According to particular embodiments, the solar energy conversion system comprises one or more of the following features:

- the solar energy conversion system includes:

a heating water supply device having an eleventh heat exchange zone, the second fluid loop having a twelfth exchange zone coupled to the eleventh heat exchange zone for supplying heat from the second heat transfer fluid to the heat exchange system. hot water supply;

a first fluidic valve having an inlet, a first outlet, a second outlet, each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the inlet and the first outlet being arranged in series on the second fluidic loop between the twelfth zone of exchange and the eighth trading area;

a second fluidic valve having a first inlet, a second inlet, an outlet, each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet and the outlet being arranged in series on the second fluidic loop between the eighth exchange zone and the seventh exchange zone;

a first bypass fluid conduit connected between the second outlet of the first valve and the second inlet of the second valve; a third fluidic valve having an inlet, a first outlet, a second outlet, each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the inlet and the first outlet being arranged in series on the first fluid loop between the third zone; exchange and the fourth exchange zone;

a fourth fluidic valve having a first inlet, a second inlet, an outlet, each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet and the outlet being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop between the fourth exchange zone and the second exchange zone;

a second bypass fluid conduit connected between the second outlet of the third valve and the second inlet of the fourth valve;

the first fluid and the second fluid are of the same chemical nature and the solar energy conversion system further comprises:

a fifth fluidic valve having a first inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet and the first outlet being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop between the second zone and the exchange and the third exchange zone;

a sixth fluidic valve having a first input, a second input, an output, each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first input and the output being arranged in series on the second fluidic loop between the seventh exchange zone and the twelfth exchange zone;

a third bypass fluid conduit connected between the second outlet of the fifth valve and the second inlet of the sixth valve;

a seventh fluidic valve having a first inlet, a first outlet, a second outlet, each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet and the first outlet being arranged in series on the second fluidic loop between the seventh zone; exchange and the second fluidic valve;

an eighth fluidic valve having a first inlet, a second inlet, an outlet, each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet and the outlet being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop between the fourth exchange zone and the fourth fluidic valve;

a fourth bypass fluid conduit connected between the second outlet of the seventh valve and the second inlet of the eighth valve;

the first fluid and the second fluid are of the same chemical nature and the solar energy conversion system further comprises: a fifth fluidic valve having a first inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet and the first outlet being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop between the second zone and the exchange and the third exchange zone;

a ninth fluidic valve having a first input, a second input, and an output, each selectively configurable in an open or closed position, the first input and the output being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop between the third valve and the fourth zone exchange;

a tenth fluidic valve having a first inlet, a first outlet, a second outlet, each selectively configurable in an open or closed position, the first inlet and the first outlet being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop between the ninth valve and the fourth exchange zone;

a fourth bypass fluid conduit connected between the second outlet of the seventh valve and the second inlet of the ninth valve;

a fifth bypass fluid conduit connected between the second input of the eighth valve and the second output of the tenth valve;

the first fluidic valve further comprises a fourth outlet and the sixth fluidic valve further comprises a fourth outlet, these two outlets being each selectively configurable in an open or closed position and further comprising a sixth bypass fluid conduit connected between the fourth outputs of the fluidic valves;

- The thermal engine ditherme external heat source is included in the set formed by engines with a Stirling cycle, Ericsson engines, Manson engines, Ringbon engines, and Beal engines;

the heat pump comprises a compressor and an expander connected in series to the third fluidic loop, the third heat transfer fluid, the compressor and the expander being configured to make the third fluidic loop two-phase;

- The heat pump comprises an auxiliary cold source and an auxiliary exchanger disposed between the ninth exchange zone and the tenth exchange zone;

the second fluidic loop comprises an auxiliary cold source and an auxiliary exchanger, disposed between the seventh exchange zone and the eighth exchange zone;

the cold source of the thermal engine ditherme with external heat source is connected to an auxiliary cold source by an auxiliary exchanger, arranged directly at the cold source;

- the solar energy conversion system includes:

a first pump, a second pump, a third pump connected respectively in series on the first fluidic loop, on the second fluidic loop, on the third fluidic loop, for respectively moving the first fluid, the second fluid, third fluid; and

at least one first temperature sensor for measuring a first temperature representative of the temperature of the first fluid at the outlet of the second exchange zone, a second temperature sensor for measuring a second temperature representative of the temperature of the hot source of the engine, a third temperature sensor for measuring a third temperature representative of the temperature of the cold source of the engine, a fourth temperature sensor for measuring a fourth temperature representative of the temperature of the second fluid at the input of the eighth heat exchange zone.

The subject of the invention is also a method for managing the energy distribution of a system for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy, comprising the steps of:

supplying a first pump, a second pump and a third pump respectively connected in series with the first fluidic loop, with the second fluidic loop, with the third fluidic ball for respectively moving the first fluid, the second fluid and the third fluid; fluid, providing at least a first temperature sensor for measuring a first temperature representative of the temperature of the first fluid at the outlet of the second exchange zone, a second temperature sensor for measuring a second temperature representative of the temperature of the hot source of the engine, a third temperature sensor for measuring a third temperature representative of the temperature of the cold source of the engine, a fourth temperature sensor for measuring a fourth temperature representative of the temperature of the second fluid entering the eighth zone,

determining by the means of management and regulation of the orders in terms of the respective flow rate of each of the pumps as a function of at least the first, second, third and fourth temperatures, and according to the demand for electrical energy so as to to satisfy as closely as possible the demand for electrical energy and to make the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of the motor on a set of flow achievable by the pumps, then in the same step send the commands, and

- execute the commands received by the pumps.

In particular embodiments, the method of managing the power distribution has one or more of the following features:

performing the preceding supply steps, and providing both a demand for electrical energy and a heat energy demand, and a fifth temperature sensor for measuring a fifth temperature representative of the temperature of the water supply device hot, then

providing at least a first valve, a second valve, a third valve, a fourth valve for selectively enabling and disabling the heat pump,

determining by the control and regulation means the commands in terms of the positions of the inputs and outputs of the valves and in terms of the respective flow rate of each of the pumps as a function of measurement signals provided by the first, second, third, fourth, fifth sensors. temperature and according to the predetermined demands in electrical energy and thermal energy so as to meet as close as possible the demands for electrical energy and thermal energy and to make the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of the engine over a set of flows achievable by the pumps and send to the valves the determined commands for positioning their inputs / outputs, and to the pumps the determined orders of flow rates, with a view to their execution, and

- Execute the received commands by the pumps and at least the valves. The invention will be better understood on reading the description of several embodiments which will follow, given solely by way of example and with reference to the drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a system for converting solar energy into at least electrical energy according to the invention,

FIG. 2 is a detailed view of a Stirling cycle engine of FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of a system for converting solar energy into at least electrical energy; FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of a third embodiment of FIG. a system for converting solar energy into at least electrical energy, the system being placed under a first state configuration of its valves,

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the third embodiment of a system for converting solar energy into at least electrical energy, the system being placed under a second configuration of states of its valves,

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the third embodiment of a system for converting solar energy into at least electrical energy, the system being placed under a third configuration of the states of the valves,

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the third embodiment of a system for converting solar energy into at least electrical energy, the system being placed under a fourth configuration of its valves,

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for managing the power distribution of a system described in FIGS. 3 to 8 according to any one of claims 1 to 8,

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method for managing the power distribution of a system described in FIGS. 3 to 8 according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

According to FIG. 1, a system for converting solar energy 2 into at least electrical energy, here in FIG. 1 in only electrical energy, comprises a plurality of solar thermal sensors 4, a first fluidic loop 5 for transporting a first heat transfer fluid, a ditherme thermal engine with an external heat source 6, an electromechanical generator 7 for producing electrical energy, a second fluidic loop 8 for transporting a second heat-transfer fluid, a heat pump 9 , four temperature sensors 10, 1 1, 12, 13, and a management and regulation means 14 of the system 2. The plurality of solar thermal sensors 4 is configured to convert solar energy into heat and provide this heat to a first heat transfer fluid through a first heat exchange zone 16.

The thermal sensors are conventionally made in the form of solar thermal panels, glazed or not, flat or with vacuum tubes. Solar thermal panels are configured to operate at temperatures typically up to 180 ° C, and may exceed 250 ° C.

The solar thermal panels are configured to have an absorbance and emissivity of solar radiation, respectively the highest and the lowest possible. For example, solar thermal panels are optimized for low infrared radiation by the provision of selective surfaces in terms of radiation frequencies placed above the absorber.

The first fluidic loop 5 containing the first heat transfer fluid comprises a second heat exchange zone 18, coupled to the first heat exchange zone 16, to receive the heat transferred by the solar thermal collectors 4.

The first fluidic loop 5 also comprises a third heat exchange zone 20 and maintenance of a hot source temperature, and a fourth exchange zone 22 and recovery of a preheating heat.

The first fluidic loop 5 also comprises a first pump 23 for circulating the first heat transfer fluid inside the first fluid loop. The first pump 23 is configured to modulate the flow rate of the first according to a first control signal.

The dithermal engine with an external heat source 6 comprises a hot source 24 at a hot source temperature having a fifth heat exchange zone 26 coupled to the third heat exchange zone 20 to receive the heat transferred by the first heat transfer fluid.

The dithermal engine with external heat source 6 comprises a cold source 28 at a cold source temperature having a sixth heat exchange zone 30 and maintenance of a cold source temperature.

The dithermal engine with an external heat source 6 comprises a mechanical transmission element 32 for shaping the mechanical output energy of the engine, containing for example a rotating shaft, not shown in FIG. a heat engine 6 being configured to transform part of the heat delivered by the hot source 24 into mechanical energy supplied by the mechanical transmission element 32, and to transfer heat, which is not converted into mechanical energy, at the cold source 28, The thermal engine ditherme external heat source is included for example in the range of dithermes engines governed by a Stirling cycle, Ericsson engines, Manson engines, Ringbon engines, and Beal engines.

The electromechanical generator 7 is for example an alternator, coupled to the heat engine 6 through the mechanical transmission element 32. The electromechanical generator 7 comprises at least two electrical terminals 34, 36, and it is configured to convert the mechanical energy of the engine 6 in the electrical energy.

The second transport fluidic loop 8, containing the second heat transfer fluid, comprises a seventh heat exchange zone 38, coupled to the sixth exchange zone 30 for recovering heat supplied by the cold source 28, and an eighth zone exchange 40 to transfer heat to the heat pump 9.

The second fluidic loop 8 also comprises a second pump 41 for circulating the second heat transfer fluid inside the second fluid loop 8. The second pump 41 is configured to modulate the flow rate of the second fluid as a function of a second signal control.

The heat pump 9 comprises a third fluidic transport loop 42 containing a third heat transfer fluid, a compressor 44 and an expander 46 connected in series with the third fluid loop 42.

The third fluid loop 42 also includes a ninth heat exchange zone 48, coupled to the eighth exchange zone 40 to recover heat transported by the second heat transfer fluid of the second loop 8, a tenth exchange zone of heat 50 coupled to the fourth heat exchange zone 22 to transfer heat from the third heat transfer fluid to the first heat transfer fluid of the first fluid loop 5.

The third heat transfer fluid, the compressor 44 and the expander 46 are here configured in a conventional manner to make the third fluidic loop two-phase.

The third fluidic loop 42 also comprises a third pump 51 for circulating the third heat transfer fluid inside the third fluid loop 42. The third pump 51 is configured to modulate the flow of the third fluid as a function of a third signal control.

The first heat transfer fluid, the second heat transfer fluid, and the third heat transfer fluid are included for example in all the fluids formed by pure water, glycol water, supercritical carbon dioxide, halogenated hydrocarbons such as hydrofluorocarbons (HDC), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). The first temperature sensor 10 is configured to measure a first temperature T1 representative of the temperature of the first fluid leaving the second exchange zone 18.

The second temperature sensor 11 is configured to measure a second temperature T2 representative of the temperature of the heat source 24 of the heat engine 6.

The third temperature sensor 12 is configured to measure a third temperature T3 representative of the temperature of the cold source 28 of the heat engine 6.

The fourth temperature sensor 13 is configured to measure a fourth temperature T4 representative of the temperature of the second fluid entering the eighth zone 40.

The management and regulation means 14 is for example an electronic calculator configured to determine the commands in terms of the respective flow rate of each of the pumps 23, 41, 51 as a function of measurement signals supplied by the first, second, third and fourth sensors. of temperature 1 1, 12, 13, 14, and according to a predetermined electrical energy demand so as to meet as close as possible the demand for electrical energy and to make the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of the engine on a set of achievable flow rates by the pumps.

The management and regulation means 14 is configured to send the flow orders to the pumps 23, 41, 51 for execution.

According to FIG. 2, the external heat source ditherme thermal machine 6 of FIG. 1 is for example a Stirling 100 cycle machine.

The fundamental principle of a Stirling cycle is to have a work product produced by a working fluid consisting of a gas such as air, hydrogen or helium. The working gas is subjected to a cycle of four phases carried out successively, which can be modeled for example as follows: isochoric (constant volume) gas heating, isothermal expansion (at constant temperature), isochoric cooling and then compression isotherm.

The engine shown here as an example comprises two separate power pistons, a "hot" piston 1 12 and a piston "cold" 1 18, and respectively associated with each piston a different cylinder, a "hot" cylinder 1 16 and a cylinder " 18. The engine comprises a fluid conduit 120 for circulating a working gas which interconnects a first end 122 of the hot cylinder 1 16 and a first end 124 of the cold cylinder 1 18. The hot cylinder 1 16 and the cold cylinder 1 18 each respectively has a second end 126, 128 end of stroke. The engine 106 also comprises a regenerator 130 serving as a gas heat exchanger, disposed between the hot cylinder 1 16 and the cold cylinder 1 18, and forming a portion of the fluid conduit 120.

When the effect of the regenerator 130 is not taken into account, the operation of the motor 106 is as follows.

The working gas, heated in contact with the walls of the hot cylinder 1 16 has increased in volume. The expansion of the gas pushed the hot piston 1 12 at the bottom of its stroke in the cylinder to the first end 126. The expansion of the gas then continues to the cold cylinder 1 18 whose cycle is delayed relative to the cylinder hot 1 16.

The gas is now at its maximum volume. The hot piston January 12 sends most of the gas to the cold cylinder 1 18, where the cooling begins.

Almost all the working gas is now in the cold cylinder 1 18 and the cooling of the gas continues. The pressure of the working gas is at its minimum: the cold piston 1 14 goes down in its cylinder 1 18.

The gas is now at its minimum volume, will heat up again in the hot cylinder 1 16: its volume increases, it pushes the hot piston 1 12, and the cycle starts again.

When the effect of the regenerator 130 is taken into account, the regenerator 130 makes it possible to recover a portion of the source heat for reinjecting it at the time of heating at constant volume.

It should be noted that the regenerator 130 is a device that is difficult to design because heat exchanges with a gas require a bulky device, the large volume of which goes against the compactness requirements of the motor 106 in which the regenerator 130 is integrated.

According to Figure 3, a second embodiment 202 of the solar energy conversion system is derived from the solar energy conversion system described in Figure 1.

The system comprises the same elements as those of FIG. 1 with the exception of the second fluidic loop 8 which is replaced by a variant 208 of the second loop. The common elements of the two systems 2, 202 are designated by the same reference numerals.

The solar energy conversion system 202 is configured to provide electrical energy and thermal energy to a user. The solar energy conversion system 202 further comprises a heating water supply device 204 having an eleventh heat exchange zone 206.

The second fluidic loop 208 is the second fluidic loop 8 of FIG. 1 in which has been added a twelfth heat exchange zone 210, coupled to the eleventh exchange zone 206 to provide heat for the second heat transfer fluid of the second loop 208 to the heating water supply device 204.

The solar energy conversion system 202 further comprises a first fluidic valve 212, a second fluidic valve 214, a first bypass fluid conduit 215, a third fluidic valve 216, a fourth fluidic valve 218, a second fluidic conduit 222 of bypass, a fifth temperature sensor 224.

The first fluidic valve 212 includes an input 232, a first output 234 and a second output 236. The input 232, the first output 234, the second output 236 are each selectively configurable in an open or closed fluid flow position. . The input 232 and the first output 234 are arranged in series on the second fluid loop 208 between the eighth exchange zone 40 and the twelfth exchange zone 210.

The second fluidic valve 214 includes a first input 242, a second input 244 and an output 246. The first input 242, the second input 244, the output 246 are each selectively configurable in an open or closed position for the passage of a fluid. The first input 242 and the output 246 are arranged in series on the second fluid loop 208 between the eighth exchange zone 40 and the seventh exchange zone 38.

The first bypass fluid conduit 215 is connected between the second outlet 236 of the first valve 212 and the second inlet 244 of the second valve 214.

The third fluidic valve 216 includes an inlet 252, a first outlet 254 and a second outlet 256. The inlet 252, the first outlet 254, the second outlet 256 are each selectively configurable in an open or closed position for passage of a fluid . The inlet 252 and the first outlet 254 are arranged in series on the first fluid loop 5 between the third exchange zone 20 and the fourth exchange zone 22.

The fourth fluidic valve 218 includes a first input 262, a second input 264 and an output 266. The first input 262, the second input 264, the output 266 are each selectively configurable in an open or closed fluid flow position. The first input 262 and the output 266 are arranged in series on the first fluidic loop 5 between the fourth exchange zone 22 and the second exchange zone 18.

The second bypass fluid conduit 222 is connected between the second output 256 of the third valve 216 and the second input 264 of the fourth valve 218.

The fifth temperature sensor 224 is configured to measure a fifth temperature T5 representative of the temperature of the hot water supply device 204.

Figure 3 shows a first particular configuration of the system 202 through a particular configuration of the positions of the inputs and outputs of the valves 212, 214, 216, 218.

In this first configuration, the input 232, the first output 234, the second output 236 of the first valve 212 are respectively in the open, closed, open, and the first input 242, the second input 244, the output 246 of the second valve 214 are respectively in closed, open, open passage position. Thus, the exchange zone 40 is short-circuited by the first bypass fluid conduit 215 so that the collection of thermal energy from the cold source 28 is performed by the single heat supply device 204.

In this first configuration, the input 252, the first output 254, the second output 256 of the third valve 216 are respectively in open, closed, open, and the first input 262, the second input 264, the output 266 of the fourth valve 218 are respectively in closed, open, open passage position. Thus, the fourth exchange zone 22 is short-circuited by the second fluid conduit 222 and deactivated by the third and fourth valves 216, 218 so as to avoid additional heat losses through the first loop 5 which can not recover heat from the heat pump 9, deactivated here.

In a second particular configuration, not shown in FIG. 3, of the solar energy conversion system 202, the input 232, the first output 234, the second output 236 of the first valve 212 are respectively in open passage positions, open, closed, and the first input 242, the second input 244, the output 246 of the second valve 214 are respectively open, closed, open. Thus the first bypass fluid conduit 215 is disconnected from the second fluid loop 208 and the energy recovery of the cold source 28 by the heat pump 9 is made possible.

In this same second configuration, the inlet 252, the first outlet 254, the second outlet 256 of the third valve 216 are respectively in positions of open, open, closed passage, and the first inlet 262, the second inlet 264, the outlet 266 of the fourth valve 218 are respectively in open, closed, open passage positions. Thus, the second fluid duct 222 is disconnected from the first fluidic loop, the fourth exchange zone 22 is active and makes possible the recovery of heat from the heat pump 9 to preheat the first heat transfer fluid of the first loop 5.

In this second configuration, the hot water supply device 204 and the heat pump 9 together improve the efficiency of the engine while providing both electrical energy and heat to the user.

The management and regulation means 14 is configured to determine the commands in terms of the positions of the inputs and outputs of the valves 212, 214, 216, 218 and in terms of the respective flow rate of each of the pumps 23, 41, 51, as a function of signals of measurements provided by the first, second, third, fourth, fifth temperature sensors 1 1, 12, 13, 14, 224, and according to the predetermined demands in electrical energy and / or thermal energy so as to satisfy as closely as possible the demands of electrical energy and / or thermal energy and to make the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of the motor over a set of flow rates achievable by the pumps when the electrical energy is used.

The management and regulation means 14 is configured to send, to the valves 212, 214, 216, 218, the determined positioning commands of their inputs / outputs, and to the pumps 23, 41, 51 the determined orders of flow rates, in order to of their execution.

According to Figure 4 a third embodiment 302 of the solar energy conversion system is a variant of the solar energy conversion system 2 described in Figure 1, and the system 202 of Figure 3.

The solar energy conversion system 302 comprises elements identical to those of the conversion system of FIG. 3 and designated by the same reference numerals.

The solar energy conversion system 302 is intended to provide electrical energy and / or thermal energy to a user.

In the solar energy conversion system 302, the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid are of the same chemical nature.

The solar energy conversion system 302 further comprises a fifth fluidic valve 312, a sixth fluidic valve 314, a third bypass fluid conduit 315, a seventh fluidic valve 316, an eighth fluidic valve 318, a ninth fluidic valve 320, a tenth fluidic valve 322, a fourth duct fluidic bypass 324, a fifth fluid conduit 325, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth temperature sensors 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333.

The fifth fluidic valve 312 has a first input 335, a first output 336 and a second output 338. The first input 335, the first output 336, the second output 338 are each selectively configurable in an open or closed position of passage of a fluid. The first input 335 and the first output 336 are arranged in series on the first fluidic loop 5 between the second exchange zone 18 and the third exchange zone 20.

The sixth fluidic valve 314 compotes a first input 342, a second input 344 and an output 346. The first input 342, the second input 344, the output 346 are each selectively configurable in an open or closed fluid flow position. The first input 342 and the output 346 are arranged in series on the second fluid loop 208 between the seventh exchange zone 38 and the twelfth exchange zone 210.

The third bypass fluid conduit 315 is connected between the second outlet 338 of the fifth valve 312 and the second inlet 344 of the sixth valve 314.

The seventh fluidic valve 316 includes a first input 352, a first output 354 and a second output 356. The first input 352, the first output 354, the second output 356 are each selectively configurable in an open or closed position of passage of a fluid. The first input 352 and the first output 354 are arranged in series on the second fluid loop 208 between the seventh exchange zone 38 and the second fluidic valve 214.

The eighth fluidic valve 318 includes a first input 362, a second input 364, an output 366. The first input 362, the second input 364, the output 366 are each selectively configurable in an open or closed fluid flow position. The first input 362 and the output 366 are arranged in series on the first fluidic loop 5 between the fourth exchange zone 22 and the fourth fluidic valve 218.

The ninth fluidic valve 320 includes a first input 372, a second input 374, and an output 376. The first input 372, the second input 374, the output 376 are each selectively configurable in an open or closed fluid flow position. . The first input 372 and the output 376 are arranged in series on the first fluid loop 5 between the third valve 216 and the fourth exchange zone 22. The tenth fluidic valve 322 has a first input 382, a first output 384 and a second output 386. The first input 382, the first output 384, the second output 386 are each selectively configurable in an open or closed position of passage of a fluid. The first input 382 and the first output 384 are arranged in series on the first fluid loop 5 between the ninth valve 320 and the fourth exchange zone 22.

The fourth bypass fluid conduit 324 is connected between the second output 356 of the seventh valve 316 and the second input 374 of the ninth valve 320.

The fifth bypass fluid conduit 325 is connected between the second inlet 364 of the eighth valve 318 and the second outlet 386 of the tenth valve 322.

The sixth temperature sensor 326 is configured to measure a sixth temperature T6 representative of the temperature of the first fluid at the outlet of the third exchange zone 20.

The seventh temperature sensor 327 is configured to measure a seventh temperature T7 representative of the temperature of the first fluid entering the third exchange zone 20.

The eighth temperature sensor 328 is configured to measure an eighth temperature T8 representative of the temperature of the second fluid of the second fluid loop 208 at the outlet of the seventh exchange zone 38.

The ninth temperature sensor 329 is configured to measure a ninth temperature T9 representative of the temperature of the second fluid are between the second valve 214 and the seventh valve 316.

The tenth temperature sensor 330 is configured to measure a tenth T10 representative of the temperature of the third fluid at the outlet of the ninth zone 48.

The eleventh temperature sensor 331 is configured to measure an eleventh temperature T1 1 representative of the temperature of the third fluid at the outlet of the tenth zone 50.

The twelfth temperature sensor 332 is configured to measure a twelfth temperature T12 representative of the temperature of the first fluid entering the fourth exchange zone 22.

The thirteenth temperature sensor 333 is configured to measure a thirteenth temperature T13 representative of the temperature of the first fluid at the outlet of the fourth exchange zone 22. The management and regulation means 14 is configured to determine the commands in terms of the positions of the inputs and outputs of the valves 212, 214, 216, 218, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322 and in terms of the respective flow rate of each pumps 23, 41, 51, as a function of measurement signals provided by the first to thirteenth temperature sensors 10, 1 1, 12, 13, 224, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 and according to the predetermined electric energy and / or thermal energy demands so as to satisfy as closely as possible the electric energy demand and / or the thermal energy demand, and to make the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of the motor over a set of flow rates achievable by pumps when electrical energy is used.

The management and regulation means 14 is configured to send, to the valves 212,

214, 216, 218, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322 determined commands for positioning their inputs / outputs, and the pumps 23, 41, 51 determined flow orders, for their execution.

The production of electricity and heat is flexible between a regime producing only heat (by short-circuiting the ditherme engine by means of the valves) and a regime maximizing the production of electricity with the use of the heat pump for reduce the temperature of the cold source and increase that of the hot source.

This allows to meet the energy needs of the user.

Figure 4 shows a first particular configuration of the conversion system 302 through a first particular configuration of the positions of the inputs and outputs of the valves.

In this first configuration, the input 232, the first output 234, the second output 236 of the first valve 212 are respectively in open, closed, open, and input 242, the first output 244, the second output 246 of the second valve 214 are respectively in closed, open, open passage position. Thus, the exchange zone 40 is short-circuited by the first bypass fluid conduit 216 so that the heat pump is deactivated.

In this first configuration, the inlet 252, the first outlet 254, the second outlet 256 of the third valve 216 are in any passage position, and the first inlet 262, the second inlet 264, the outlet 266 of the fourth valve 218 are respectively open, closed, open. Thus, the second bypass fluid conduit 222 is deactivated.

In this first configuration, the inlet 335, the first outlet 336, the second outlet 338 of the fifth valve 312 are respectively in the open, closed, open passage position, and the first inlet 342, the second inlet 344, the outlet 346 of the sixth valve 314 are respectively in the closed passage position, open, open. Thus, the thermal machine 6 is short-circuited and a fluid connection is created from the plurality of solar thermal collectors 4 to the hot water supply source 204.

In this first configuration, the first input 352, the first output 354, the second output 356 of the seventh fluidic valve 316 are respectively in open, closed, open, and the first input 362, the second input 364, the output 366 of the eighth fluidic valve 318 are respectively in closed, open, open passage position. The first input 372, the second input 374, the output 376 of the ninth fluidic valve 320 are respectively in closed, open, open, and the first input 382, the first output 384, the second output 386 of the tenth valve fluidic 322 are respectively open, closed, open.

Thus, a direct fluidic return path is made from the exchange zone of the hot water supply device 204 to the plurality of solar thermal collectors 4 without the use of the heat pump 9. Thus a feed generation configuration hot water only, ie without electricity production, is carried out for which heat production is maximum.

According to FIG. 5, a second particular configuration of the conversion system 302 of FIG. 4 is achieved through a first particular configuration of the positions of the inlets and outlets of the valves 212, 214, 216, 218, 312, 314, 316 , 318, 320, 322.

In this second configuration, all the inputs and outputs of the valves are in an open fluid passage position.

This configuration corresponds to a system for converting solar energy into electrical energy and thermal energy whose distribution is adjustable according to the flow control commands supplied to the pumps 23, 41, 51.

According to FIG. 6, a third particular configuration of the conversion system 302 of FIG. 4 is carried out through a third particular configuration of the positions of the inlets and outlets of the valves 212, 214, 216, 218, 312, 314, 316 , 318, 320, 322.

In this third configuration, the input 232, the first output 234, the second output 236 of the first valve 212 are respectively in open, open, closed, and the first input 242, the second input 244, the output 246 of the second valve 214 are respectively open, closed, open. Thus, the exchange zone 40 is activated and the first bypass fluid conduit 215 deactivated so that the heat pump 9 is activated. In this third configuration, the inlet 252, the first outlet 254, the second outlet 256 of the third valve 216 are in an open, open, closed passage position, and the inlet 262, the first outlet 264, the second outlet 266 of the fourth valve 218 are respectively open, closed, open. Thus, the second bypass fluid conduit 222 is deactivated.

In this third configuration, the inlet 335, the first outlet 336, the second outlet 338 of the fifth valve 312 are respectively in open, open, closed, and the first inlet 342, the second inlet 344, the outlet 346 of the sixth valve 314 are respectively open, closed, open. Thus, the thermal machine 6 is activated and the third fluid connection 315 is deactivated.

In this third configuration, the first input 352, the first output 354, the second output 356 of the seventh fluidic valve 316 are respectively in open, open, closed, and the first input 362, the second input 364, the output 366 of the eighth fluidic valve 318 are respectively open, closed, open. The first input 372, the second input 374, the output 376 of the ninth fluidic valve 320 are respectively in open, closed, open, and the first input 382, the first output 384, the second output 386 of the tenth valve fluidic 322 are respectively open, open, closed. Thus, the fifth bypass fluid conduit 325 is deactivated.

In this third configuration, the direction of flow of the first heat transfer fluid in the first fluidic loop 5 is a clockwise direction in the figure, that is to say a direction in which the first fluid flows from the second zone. exchange 18 to the fourth exchange zone 22 by first passing through the third exchange zone 20 located at the hot source of the engine.

In this third configuration, the direction of flow of the second heat transfer fluid in the second fluid loop 208 is a clockwise direction, that is to say a direction in which the second fluid flows from the seventh exchange zone 38 to the eighth exchange zone 40 passing beforehand through the twelfth exchange zone 210.

This configuration corresponds to a hybrid production of electricity and heat in which the maximization of the efficiency of the engine 6 in terms of efficiency of conversion into electrical energy is preferred.

According to Figure 7 a fourth particular configuration of the conversion system 302 of Figure 4 is achieved through a fourth configuration particular positions of the inlets and outlets of the valves 212, 214, 216, 218, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322.

In this fourth configuration, the input 232, the first output 234, the second output 236 of the first valve 212 are respectively in open, closed, open, and the first input 242, the second input 244, the output 246 of the second valve 214 are respectively in closed, open, open passage position. Thus, the exchange zone 40 is deactivated, the first bypass fluid conduit 215 is activated so that the heat pump 9 is deactivated.

In this fourth configuration, the input 252, the first output 254, the second output 256 of the third valve 216 are in an open, closed, open flow position, and the first input 262, the second input 264, the output 266 of the fourth valve 218 are respectively in closed, open, open passage position. Thus, the second bypass fluid conduit 222 is activated and the preheating exchange zone 22 deactivated.

In this fourth configuration, the inlet 335, the first outlet 336, the second outlet 338 of the fifth valve 312 are respectively in the open, open, closed passage position, and the first inlet 342, the second inlet 344, the outlet 346 of the sixth valve 314 are respectively open, closed, open. Thus, the thermal machine 6 is activated and the third fluid connection 315 is deactivated.

In this fourth configuration, the first input 352, the first output 354, the second output 356 of the seventh fluidic valve 316 are respectively in open, open, closed, and the input and output of the eighth, ninth and tenth fluidic valves 318, 320, 322, are in any state.

This configuration corresponds to a hybrid mode of operation which is not optimal in terms of efficiency of the thermal machine but which makes it possible to favor the production of heat.

In a fourth embodiment, not shown, variant of the energy conversion system 302 of FIG. 4, the solar energy conversion system comprises in the same way the elements of the conversion system 302 except the ninth and tenth valves 320, 322 which are removed, and except for the fourth and fifth bypass fluid conduits which are replaced by a single bypass fluid conduit, connected between the second output of the seventh valve 316 and the second input of the eighth valve 318.

By appropriate configurations of the opening / closing positions of the inlets and outlets of the valves, in particular of the third valve 216, the same Modes of operation of the conversion system than those of the system 302 described in Figures 4 to 7 can be realized. It is noted that the thermodynamic performance is degraded compared to the system 302 of Figure 4 but remain interesting.

According to FIG. 8, a method 402 for managing the conversion of solar energy into at least electrical energy by any system 2, 202, 302 described in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 comprises the following steps implemented successively.

In a first step 404, a first pump 23, a second pump 41 and a third pump 51 are provided and connected respectively in series on the first fluidic loop 5, on the second fluidic loop 8, on the third fluid ball 42 to implement movement respectively the first fluid, the second fluid, and the third fluid.

In a second step 406 are provided at least a first temperature sensor 10 for measuring a first temperature T1 representative of the temperature of the first fluid at the outlet of the second exchange zone 18, a second temperature sensor 1 1 for measuring a second temperature T2 representative of the temperature of the hot source 24 of the engine 6, a third temperature sensor 12 for measuring a third temperature T3 representative of the temperature of the cold source 28 of the engine 6, a fourth temperature sensor 13 for measuring a fourth temperature T4 representative of the temperature of the second fluid entering the eighth zone 40.

In a third step 408, the management and regulation means 14 determines commands in terms of the respective flow rate of each of the pumps as a function of at least the first, second, third, and fourth temperatures, and according to the demand for electrical energy so as to meet as close as possible the demand for electrical energy and to make the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of the motor on a set of flow achievable by the pumps, then in the same step sends the commands.

In a fourth step 410, the pumps 23, 41, 51 receive the commands and execute them.

According to FIG. 9, a management method 502 of a system for converting solar energy into electric energy and thermal energy described in FIGS. 3 and 4 comprises the following steps implemented successively.

In a step 504 comprising steps 402 and 404 of Figure 8 are provided an electrical energy demand and a heat energy demand, and a fifth temperature sensor 224 configured to measure a fifth temperature T5 representative of the temperature of the hot water supply device 204.

In a subsequent step 506 are provided at least one first valve 212, a second valve 214, a third valve 216, a fourth valve 218 for selectively enabling and disabling the heat pump 9.

In a following step 508, the management and regulation means 14 determines commands in terms of the positions of the inputs and outputs of the valves 212, 214, 216, 218 and in terms of the respective flow rate of each of the pumps 23, 41, 51, function of measurement signals provided by the first, second, third, fourth, fifth temperature sensors 1 1, 12, 13, 14, 224, and according to the predetermined demands in electrical energy and thermal energy so as to satisfy the most Nearly possible the demands for electrical energy and thermal energy and to make the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of the motor over a set of flow rates achievable by the pumps 23, 41, 51. In the same step 508, the management and regulation means 14 sends the valves 212, 214, 216, 218 the determined commands for positioning their inputs / outputs, and the pumps 23, 41, 51 determine the flow rate commands, for their execution.

In a next step 510, the pumps 23, 41, 51 and at least the valves 212, 214, 216, 218 receive the commands and execute them.

In a variant, the fluidic valves 314 and 212 each comprise a fourth output. These outputs can be each, independently open or closed. These two outputs are connected to each other by a sixth bypass fluid conduit for short-circuiting the twelfth exchange loop 210 of the second fluid loop 208.

Alternatively, the heat pump comprises an auxiliary cold source and an auxiliary heat exchanger, disposed between the ninth exchange zone and the tenth exchange zone. The auxiliary cooling source is for example a pool, outside air surrounding the domestic building that houses the solar energy conversion system, or a load shedding loop located below the ground.

As a variant, the cold source 28 of the engine 6 can be cooled through the second fluidic loop by an auxiliary source and an auxiliary heat exchanger, arranged between the seventh exchange zone and the eighth exchange zone, making it possible to reduce the temperature T3 of this engine source. The auxiliary source of refrigeration is for example the water of a swimming pool, the outside air surrounding the building that houses the solar energy conversion system or a load shedding loop located below the ground. Alternatively, the cold source 28 of the engine 6 can be cooled directly by an auxiliary source and an auxiliary exchanger, to reduce the temperature T3 of the engine source. The auxiliary source of refrigeration is for example the water of a swimming pool, the outside air surrounding the building that houses the solar energy conversion system or a load shedding loop located below the ground.

Alternatively the pumps of the loops 5 and 8 are configured to circulate the first and second heat transfer fluids in the opposite direction to that of Figure 6, that is to say a retrograde direction of flow of the first fluid in the first loop going from the second exchange zone 18 to the third exchange zone 20 by first passing through the fourth fluidic exchange zone 22, and a retrograde direction of flow of the second fluid in the second loop going from the eighth exchange zone 40 to the seventh exchange zone 38 by first passing through the second pump 41. These senses are interesting in the particular case where prevail high climatic heat and where the emissivity of the solar panels is not very low. It is thus advantageous to heat by the heat pump the first fluid contained in the first fluid loop, at the loop portion directly connecting the solar heat sensors to the hot source of the dithermic engine. This makes it possible to reduce the losses by infrared radiation at the level of the panels. In this same case, the second heat transfer fluid contained in the second fluid loop transfers heat to the heat pump before then yielding remaining heat to the hot water supply device, in order to increase the thermodynamic efficiency of the the heat pump.

In all embodiments, the external heat source ditherme engine includes a working fluid which remains permanently in the gaseous state when the engine is running.

The gaseous working fluid remains confined within a closed working fluid conduit having a first end and a second end respectively forming the bottom of a "hot" cylinder and the bottom of a "cold" cylinder. .

The "hot" cylinder is the fifth heat exchange and maintenance zone 26 of the hot source temperature 24. It is part of the hot source 24 and is coupled to the third heat exchange zone 20 for receive heat from the first fluidic loop. It is also coupled to the fluidic working duct to give heat to the gaseous working fluid.

The "cold" cylinder is the sixth heat exchange and temperature maintenance zone of the cold source 28. It is part of the cold source 28 and is coupled to the seventh heat exchange zone 38 to give up heat to the second loop fluidics. It is also coupled to the working fluid conduit to receive heat from the working gaseous fluid.

The ditherme engine with external heat source is devoid of recirculation pump of the working fluid disposed in the working fluid conduit between the cold source and the hot source.

According to a particular embodiment, the electromechanical generator 7 is decoupled mechanically from the compressor of the heat pump when one exists.

Claims

1 .- System for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy, characterized in that it comprises

a plurality (4) of solar thermal sensors configured to convert solar energy into heat and provide it to a first heat transfer fluid through a first heat exchange zone (16);

a first fluidic transport loop (5) containing the first heat transfer fluid, having a second heat exchange zone (18) coupled to the first heat exchange zone (16) to receive the heat transferred by the solar thermal collectors (4), having a third heat exchange zone (20) and hot source temperature maintenance zone, and having a fourth heat exchanger recovery zone (22);

an external heat source ditherm thermal engine (6) having a hot source (24) at a hot source temperature having a fifth heat exchange zone (26) coupled to the third heat exchange zone (20) to receive the heat transferred by the first heat transfer fluid, a cold source (28) at a cold source temperature having a sixth heat exchange (30) and cold source temperature maintenance zone, a heat source element mechanical mechanical power transmission (32), the motor (6) being configured to convert a portion of the heat supplied by the hot source (24) into mechanical energy supplied to the mechanical transmission element (32), and to transfer heat, not converted to mechanical energy, to the cold source (28);

an electromechanical generator (7), coupled to the heat engine (6) through the mechanical transmission element (32) and having at least two electrical terminals (34, 36), configured to convert the mechanical energy of the engine into electrical energy; a second fluidic transport loop (8; 208) containing a second heat transfer fluid having a seventh heat exchange zone (38) coupled to the sixth heat exchange zone (30) for recovering heat supplied by the cold source (28), and having an eighth exchange zone (40) for yielding heat; and

a heat pump (9) having a third fluidic loop (42), the third fluidic loop (42), containing a third heat transfer fluid, having a ninth heat exchange zone (48) coupled to the eighth zone (40) for recovering heat carried by the second heat transfer fluid, having a tenth heat exchange zone (50) coupled to the fourth heat exchange zone (22) for delivering heat from the third heat transfer fluid to the first heat transfer fluid .

2. - System for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy according to claim 1, comprising a heating water supply device (204) having an eleventh heat exchange zone (206). the second fluidic loop (208) having a twelfth exchange zone (210) coupled to the eleventh exchange zone (206) for supplying heat from the second heat transfer fluid to the hot water supply system (204).

3. - System for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy according to any one of claims 1 to 2, and further comprising

a first fluidic valve (212) having an inlet (232), a first outlet (234), a second outlet (236), each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the inlet (232) and the first outlet (234) being arranged in series on the second fluidic loop (208) between the twelfth exchange zone (210) and the eighth exchange zone (40),

a second fluidic valve (214) having a first inlet (242), a second inlet (244), an outlet (246), each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet (242) and the outlet (246) being arranged in series on the second fluid loop (208) between the eighth exchange zone (40) and the seventh exchange zone (38),

a first bypass fluid conduit (215) connected between the second outlet (236) of the first valve (212) and the second inlet (244) of the second valve

(214)

a third fluidic valve (216) having an inlet (252), a first outlet (254), a second outlet (256), each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the inlet (252) and the first the output (254) being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop (5) between the third exchange zone (20) and the fourth exchange zone (22),

a fourth fluidic valve (218) having a first inlet (262), a second inlet (264), an outlet (266), each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet (262) and the outlet (266) being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop (5) between the fourth exchange zone (22) and the second exchange zone (18),

a second bypass fluid conduit (222) connected between the second outlet (256) of the third valve (216) and the second inlet (264) of the fourth valve (218).

4. - System for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy according to claim 3, wherein the first fluid and the second fluid are of the same chemical nature and further comprising

a fifth fluidic valve (312) having a first inlet (335), a first outlet (336) and a second outlet (338), each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet (335) and the first output (336) being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop (5) between the second exchange zone (18) and the third exchange zone (20),

a sixth fluidic valve (314) having a first inlet (342), a second inlet (344), an outlet (346), each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet (342) and the outlet (346) being arranged in series on the second fluidic loop (208) between the seventh exchange zone (38) and the twelfth exchange zone (210),

a third bypass fluid duct (315) connected between the second outlet (338) of the fifth valve (312) and the second inlet (344) of the sixth valve

(314),

a seventh fluidic valve (316) having a first inlet (352), a first outlet (354), a second outlet (356), each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet (352) and the first output (354) being arranged in series on the second fluidic loop (208) between the seventh exchange zone (38) and the second fluidic valve (214),

an eighth fluidic valve (318) having a first input (362), a second input (364), an output (366), each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first input (362) and the output (366) being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop (5) between the fourth exchange zone (22) and the fourth fluidic valve (218),

a fourth shunt fluid conduit connected between the second outlet (356) of the seventh valve (316) and the second inlet (364) of the eighth valve (318).

5. - System for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy according to claim 3, wherein the first fluid and the second fluid are of the same chemical nature and further comprising

a fifth fluidic valve (312) having a first inlet (335), a first outlet (336) and a second outlet (338), each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet (335) and the first output (336) being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop (5) between the second exchange zone (18) and the third exchange zone (20), a sixth fluidic valve (314) having a first inlet (342), a second inlet (344), an outlet (346), each selectively configurable in an open or closed passage position, the first inlet (342) and the outlet (346) being arranged in series on the second fluidic loop (208) between the seventh exchange zone (38) and the twelfth exchange zone (210),

a third bypass fluid conduit (315) connected between the second outlet (338) of the fifth valve (312) and the second inlet (344) of the sixth valve (314),

a ninth fluidic valve (320) having a first input (372), a second input (374), and an output (376), each selectively configurable in an open or closed position, the first input (372) and the output ( 376) being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop (5) between the third valve (216) and the fourth exchange zone (22),

a tenth fluidic valve (322) having a first input (382), a first output (384), a second output (386), each selectively configurable in an open or closed position, the first input (382) and the first output (384) being arranged in series on the first fluidic loop (5) between the ninth valve (320) and the fourth exchange zone (22),

a fourth bypass fluid conduit (324) connected between the second outlet (356) of the seventh valve (316) and the second inlet (374) of the ninth valve (320),

a fifth bypass fluid conduit (325) connected between the second inlet (364) of the eighth valve (318) and the second outlet (386) of the tenth valve (322).

6. A system for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the first fluidic valve (212) further comprises a fourth output and the sixth fluidic valve (314) further comprises a fourth output, both outputs being each selectively configurable in an open or closed position and further comprising a sixth connected bypass fluid conduit. between the fourth outlets of the fluidic valves (212) and (314).

7. - System for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the thermal engine ditherme external heat source (6, 106) is included in the set formed by engines with a Stirling cycle, Ericsson engines, Manson engines, Ringbon engines, and Beal engines.

8. - System for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the heat pump (9) comprises a compressor (44) and a pressure reducer ( 46) connected in series to the third fluid loop (42), the third heat transfer fluid, the compressor (44) and the expander (46) being configured to make the third fluidic loop (42) two-phase.

9. - System for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heat pump (9) comprises an auxiliary cold source and an auxiliary exchanger, disposed between the ninth exchange zone and the tenth exchange zone.

10. A system for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the second fluidic loop comprises an auxiliary cooling source and an auxiliary exchanger, arranged between the seventh exchange zone and the eighth exchange zone.

1 1. - System for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the cold source

(28) of the ditherme heat engine with external heat source (6, 106) is connected to an auxiliary cold source by an auxiliary heat exchanger, arranged directly at the cold source (28).

12. - System for converting solar energy into electrical and / or thermal energy according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising

a first pump (23), a second pump (41), a third pump (51) respectively connected in series with the first fluidic loop (5), on the second fluidic loop (8; 208), on the third fluidic loop; (9) for respectively moving the first fluid, the second fluid, the third fluid; and

at least one first temperature sensor (10) for measuring a first temperature representative of the temperature of the first fluid at the outlet of the second exchange zone (18), a second temperature sensor (1 1) for measuring a second temperature representative of the temperature of the hot source (24) of the engine (6), a third temperature sensor (12) for measuring a temperature third temperature representative of the temperature of the cold source (28) of the engine (6), a fourth temperature sensor (13) for measuring a fourth temperature representative of the temperature of the second fluid entering the eighth heat exchange zone (40).

The method for managing the power distribution of a system defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

- supplying (404) a first pump (23), a second pump (41) and a third pump (51) respectively connected in series with the first fluidic loop (5), on the second fluidic loop (8), on the third fluidic ball (9) for respectively moving the first fluid, the second fluid, and the third fluid,

providing (406) at least one first temperature sensor (10) for measuring a first temperature representative of the temperature of the first fluid at the outlet of the second exchange zone (18), a second temperature sensor (1 1) for measuring a second temperature representative of the temperature of the hot source (24) of the engine (6), a third temperature sensor (12) for measuring a third temperature representative of the temperature of the cold source (28) of the engine (6) a fourth temperature sensor (13) for measuring a fourth temperature representative of the temperature of the second fluid entering the eighth zone (40),

determining (408) by the control and regulation means (14) the commands in terms of the respective flow rate of each of the pumps as a function of at least the first, second, third and fourth temperatures, and according to the demand in electrical energy so as to meet as close as possible the demand for electrical energy and to make the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of the motor over a set of flow achievable by the pumps, then in the same step sends the commands,

executing (410) the commands received by the pumps (23), (41), (51).

14. - The management method according to claim 12 of the energy distribution of a system defined according to any one of claims 3 to 8, comprising the steps of

executing (504) steps (404) and (406), and providing both an electrical energy demand and a heat energy demand, and a fifth temperature sensor (224) for measuring a representative fifth temperature the temperature of the hot water supply device (204), and - providing (506) at least a first valve (212), a second valve (214), a third valve (216), a fourth valve (218) for selectively enabling and disabling the heat pump (9),

determining (508) by the control and regulation means (14) the commands in terms of the positions of the inputs and outputs of the valves (212, 214, 216, 218) and in terms of the respective flow rate of each of the pumps 23, 41, 51, as a function of measurement signals provided by the first, second, third, fourth, fifth temperature sensors (1 1), (12), (13), (14), (224), and as a function of predetermined demands. in electrical energy and thermal energy so as to satisfy as closely as possible the demands of electrical energy and thermal energy and to make the maximum thermodynamic efficiency of the motor over a set of flow rates achievable by the pumps (23), (41), ( 51), and send to the valves (212), (214), (216), (218) the determined commands for positioning their inputs / outputs, and to the pumps (23, 41, 51) the determined flow commands , with a view to their execution, and

- executing (510) by the pumps (23), (41), (51) and by at least the valves (212), (214), (216), (218) the received commands.