WO2013106901A1

WO2013106901A1 - Non-orthogonal solar heat collector and solar energy cogeneration

Info

Publication number: WO2013106901A1
Application number: PCT/CA2012/001205
Authority: WO
Inventors: Huazi Lin
Original assignee: W & E International (Canada) Corp.
Priority date: 2011-08-19
Filing date: 2012-08-17
Publication date: 2013-07-25
Also published as: EP2745058A1; EP2745058A4; CA2750315A1; CN103733000A

Abstract

In one aspect, a non-orthogonal solar heat collector is provided. The non-orthogonal solar heat collector comprises: a solar heat-absorbing element, a solar heat conducting/transferring element having a closed thermal connection with said solar heat-absorbing element, a solar heat converging element for converging solar heat transferred from said solar heat conducting/transferring element, a non-orthogonal angle included between a normal line of earth surface and an axis of said solar heat conducting/transferring element is non-orthogonal, and a non-orthogonal angle included between a normal line of earth surface and an axis of said solar heat converging element is non- orthogonal. In another aspect, there is provided a solar energy cogeneration system. Said solar energy cogeneration system is also called a combined solar heat and power that provides solar heat and electricity to customers simultaneously and locally. The solar heat cogeneration system comprises: a plurality of solar heat collectors, which heat a fluid to different temperature, a turbine driven by fluid pressure, a turbine shaft turning generator, a generator producing electricity through the movement of the rotor in the stator, a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a structure supplied heat to customer. The pressure driven turbine is from a medium selected from a group of water, steam, air and a combination of them.

Description

NON-ORTHOGONAL SOLAR HEAT COLLECTOR AND

SOLAR ENERGY COGENERATION

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure is relates to solar energy application field. The present disclosure especially relates to non-orthogonal solar heat collector and solar heat collector integrated solar heat collecting and storing. The present disclosure further relates to a cogeneration system employing either or both said solar heat collectors. Said solar cogeneration system provides heat and electric power to customers simultaneously and locally.

BACKGROUND

Solar heat collector or solar heat collector integrated heat collecting and storing and storing (here after it is simply identified as solar heat collector) is a basic device for solar heat applications. In general, a solar heat collector comprises a solar heat absorbing element, a solar heat conducting/transferring element, and a solar heat converging element.

A typical example of the solar heat collector is a regular flat plate solar heat collector. A flat plate with a solar heat absorbing coat is a solar heat absorbing element. A group of fluid tubes or heat tubes including the fluid attached to or arranged in the flat plate is the solar heat conducting/transferring element. A larger fluid tube or heat tube connected to the conducting/transferring tubes is the heat converging element. Here the conducting transferring element collects the solar heat from solar heat absorbing element and transfers it to the heat converging element.

Another example is an evacuated solar heat collector. A group of evacuated tubes with heat absorbing coat is the solar heat absorbing element. A group of heat tubes or U-tubes (may including fins) located in the evacuated tubes is the solar heat conducting/transferring element. A larger fluid converging tube at one end of the evacuated tubes is the converging element. When the evacuated tube is filled with heat storage material (e.g. water or sand) and without fluid tube ( e.g. heat tube, U-tube etc), the evacuated tube (including the filling material) is both the solar heat absorbing element and conducting/transferring element. The solar heat collector with this kind of evacuated tubes is a solar heat collecting and storing device.

Usually it is an orthogonal angle included between an axis of said solar heat conducting transferring element and an axis of said solar heat converging element. It means the angle is 90 degrees. In operation, either axis of said solar heat conducting/transferring element or axis of said solar heat converging element may be parallel to the earth surface. This kind of traditional solar heat collector does not work very well in some cases.

The first case is a heat driven fluid automatically circulating system that is disclosed in my prior patents in pending (e.g. PCT/CA2009/001295, PCT/CA2009/001296 and PCT/CA2009/001297). In the automatically circulating system, a fluid flow gradient is preferred. It is necessary to design a non-orthogonal (also called oblique angle) solar heat collector. This kind of solar heat collector has a non-orthogonal angle included between a normal line of earth surface and an axis of said solar heat conducting/transferring element and is larger than 95 degree or less than 85 degrees, and a non-orthogonal angle included between a normal line of earth surface and an axis of said solar heat converging element is larger than 95 degrees or less than 85 degrees.

The solar heat collector also includes the solar heat collector integrated solar heating and cooling in one device. This kind integrated device is disclosed in my pending patent (CA 2742168 and

PCT/CA2012/00538). The first example of this kind of collector is flat plate solar heat collector. The solar heat absorbing element of this the collector is a surface wall of a flat heat storage tank. Its second example is a heat storage tank with a wall to absorb solar heat and with a transparent cover. The third example will be disclosed in this application.

Furthermore, solar heat generation has drawn more and more attentions in energy industry. The reasons are as follows: 1. The heat absorbing efficiency of a solar heat absorbing material is increasing and a unit price of this material is decreasing. 2. Solar heat can be stored and used for generation at peak hours.

Many of present existing solar heat generations are large-scale, high temperature (more than 300 Celsius degrees) and separated solar heat collection and storage. They are also far from user centers, so the remained heat cannot be easily used. Furthermore, the separated solar heat collection and storage causes heat loss at transmission. The overall system efficiency of many existing solar heat generation is not very high.

The non-orthogonal solar heat collector, the solar heat collector integrated solar heat collecting and storing and our other innovative technologies provide a possibility to develop a cogeneration system. The system provides solar heat and electricity to customers simultaneously and locally. The cogeneration system can be small, middle or large scale. The system can work at a lower temperature, low pressure and at high efficiency. It can become an integrated solar energy application device for industrial, commercial or residential customers. It can provide electricity, hot water space heating and steam. It also can be used for some cooking appliances for solar cooking purpose, it also can be an energy storage element of a demand management plan of a utility, because the remained heat can be used

SUMMARY

In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a non-orthogonal solar heat collector.

The non-orthogonal solar heat collector comprises: a solar heat-absorbing element, a solar heat conducting transferring element having a closed thermal connection with said solar heat-absorbing element, a solar heat converging element for converging solar heat transferred from said solar heat

conducting/transferring element, a non -orthogonal angle included between a normal line of earth surface and an axis of said solar heat conducting/transferring element is larger than 95 degree or less than 85 degree, and a non-orthogonal angle included between a normal line of earth surface and an axis of said solar heat converging element is larger than 95 degree or less than 85 degree.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a tube-shaped solar heat collector integrated solar heat collecting with solar heat storing in one device.

In accordance yet another aspect of the present disclosure there is provides a solar energy cogeneration system that also called combined solar heat and power. Said solar energy cogeneration provides solar heat and electricity to customers simultaneously and locally.

The solar heat cogeneration system, comprises a plurality of solar heat collectors which heat a fluid to different temperature, a turbine driven by fluid pressure, a turbine shaft turning generator, a generator producing electricity through the movement of the rotor in the stator, a structure supplied heat to custom, a fluid inlet, and a fluid outlet.

Other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DISCRETION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the figures which illustrate exemplary embodiments of this invention: Fig. 1 is schematic partial section view of an exemplary non-orthogonal solar heat collector

Fig. 2 is schematic section view of an exemplary solar cogeneration system

Fig. 3 is schematic section view of another exemplary solar cogeneration system.

Fig. 4 is an exemplary schematic side view illustrating a non-orthogonal solar heat collector

DETAIL DISCRETION

Refer to Fig. I, an exemplary non-orthogonal solar heat collector 10 is illustrated in schematic partial section view. 10 is a solar heat collector integrated solar heat collecting and storing. Solar heat collector 10 comprises first group of evacuated transparent tubes 1011 -1017 and second group of evacuated tubes 1021- 1027. They are arranged in two sides of the heat converging element 103 respectively. Sometime they may be arranged in one side only. Each evacuated tube has two layer glasses 1018 and 1019 and is vacuumed in between. The inner glass 101 has a solar heat-absorbing coat. A solar heat storing material 104 is placed in the tubes. Here the evacuated tube is the solar heat absorbing element.

The heat converging element 103 comprises a heat converging tube 1031 in the center, an inner heat storage chamber 1032. When the system is in operation, an angle included between a normal line of earth surface and an axis of said solar heat converging tube 1031 is non-orthogonal. 1031 has a outlet 1031 1 and an inlet 10312. A heat storage material is placed in the heat storage chamber 1032. The material is 104 here. It also can be different with 104. The heat storage material can be a fluid, a solid material, a phase change material or their combination. For a solar hest collector used to generate electricity, the preferred heat storage materials have a boiling temperature higher than 100 Celsius degrees. Sand, salt, oil and their combination are often selected. Here the oil has a high boiling temperature. Please also pay attention to the safety of using oil. 103 has also an insulation cover 1033 that is located at outside, top and bottom of 1032.

Each evacuated tube having a heat tube in the center. Fig. 1 shows 1051 and 1052. The heat tubes transfer the solar heat absorbed in the evacuated tube to the heat converging element 103. The group of heat tubes is the heat conducting/transferring element. If the heat storage materials in the evacuated tubes 101 , 102 and in heat storage chamber 1032 are connected together, then the heat storage materials as part of the heat conducting transferring element. The heat tubes can remain or be removed. Excepting the heat tube, many heat conducting/transferring element can be selected such as liquid tube, U-shaped tube and metal conductor etc. In some cases, there may be without the heat storage chamber 1032. In this case, the heat tubes have one end extended into the heat converging tube 1031 directly.

In Fig. 1 the angle included between axis of said evacuated tube 101 (or heat tube 1051 ) and axis of heat converging tube 1031 ( heat conducting/transferring element) is . is less than 85 degrees.

When axis of 103 is not orthogonal with the normal line of earth surface, the axis is not orthogonal with the normal line of earth surface too, so that the heat tube can work well. When a liquid tube is used to replace the heat tube, a non-orthogonal arrangement will allow the heat liquid transfer the heat from the evacuated tube to the heat converging element automatically. There is no pump power required.

Furthermore, the solar heat collector 10 may have other normal elements such as a supporting element, light reflecting plate, heat insulation etc. They are not shown in Fig. 1.

When sunlight shines on the evacuated tube 101 and 102 the tubes absorb solar heat and stored it in the heat storage material 104. Through heat tubes 1051 and 1052, the solar heat is transferred to the heat storage material 104 in the heat storage chamber 1032. Both evacuated tube and heat storage chamber store the solar heat. When heat is required, to input a fluid into the inlet 1031 1. The fluid absorbs the solar heat of 104 through the heat converging tube 1031 and flows out through outlet 10312 for power generation or heat application. To speed up the heat transferring, heat conducting fins may be added to the heat converging tube 1031. The axis of heat tube is non-orthogonal, so the heat transferring from heat absorbing element to heat converging element is completed automatically. The axis of heat converging tube is non-orthogonal, so the heat transferring from an inlet to an outlet in the heat converging tube is completed automatically too.

Although only the non-orthogonal evacuated tube solar heat collector is introduced in Fig.1 , The concept can be used for flat plate solar heat collector and the solar heat collector using a tube with a solar heat absorbing coat. Said solar heat collector can be a regular solar heat collector without integrated heat storage or a solar heat collector integrated solar heat collecting and storing.

Furthermore, if the evacuated tube solar heat collector is with no sunlight reflecting plate, the collector can be a dual solar heat collector. It means that by rotating the collector 180 degrees around the axis of heat converging tube 1031, the structure and feature of the collector is remain the same. If we need a dual flat plate solar heat collector, two solar heat absorbing plates and two transparent insulations need to be put on two sides of the solar heat collector. Dual solar heat collector can be used to absorb the sunlight from the east and west directions or from the upper and under directions. Refer to Fig. 2, an exemplary solar cogeneration system 20 is illustrated in schematic section view. Here 201 is a transect view and 202 is a vertical view.

The cogeneration system 20 has three levels of the solar heat collectors. Part 21 is the first level solar heat collector. This is a solar heat collector integrated heat storing. A metal box 21 1 placed with heat storage material 212. 212 can be a liquid, a solid material, a heat phase change material or a combination of them. Here it is sand. The box 21 1 is located in heat insulation. At the front of 211 has a transparent material that allows sunlight pass through and reduces heat loss. The upper surface of 21 1 has a solar heat absorb coating. A group of fluid tubes 213 are attached to the opposite surface or arranged in the surface plate with absorbing coat. 213 is connected to a heat converging element 214. 214 has a upper port 215 and lower port 216. 216 is for liquid injection or liquid drain. In this case the liquid tubes are arranged in the two opposite sides of the heat converging tube 214. The axis of 213 and axis of 214 are both non-orthogonal with the normal line of earth surface, so that the solar heat collected in the solar heat collector can be converged to the top of heat converging element automatically without power pump. The detailed introduction of the solar heat collector integrated solar heat collecting and storing may be found in my another patent application (CA2742168). The solar heat collector can also be a simple non-orthogonal solar hear collector. In this case, a single solar heat absorber replaces the metal box 21 1. The non-orthogonal tubes attached to the absorber or arranged in the absorber. This kind of solar heat collector is shown in Fig.4.

Fig. 4 is an exemplary schematic side view illustrating a non-orthogonal solar heat collector 40. The solar heat absorber 404 arranged in an insulating glass 402, and said absorber having non- orthogonal fluid channels 4051 and 4052 arranged in the absorber. Here we only show two channels. Inn fact, they are a group tubes in parallel. A converging tube 406 having two ends 4091 and 4092 to collect fluid. 406 has a non-orthogonal angle with the channels 4051 and 4052 etc. Here 408 is heat insulation. 401 and 403 are the parts of collector frame.

Part 22 is second level solar heat collector. This is a solar heat collector integrated solar heat collecting and storing too. A group of evacuated solar heat collect tubes 221 is placed with heat storage material 222. Here it is sand too. A group of heat tubes 223 arranged in the group of evacuated tubes 221 respectively. One end of the heat tubes is extended into a heat storage material 225 that is placed in heat converging element 224. A center fluid tube 226 is located in the center of 224. 226 is made of a material having high heat conductivity and pressure resistant material. Here it is a copper tube. 226 may have or without fins. The heat tubes 223 can be extended into center fluid tube 226 or not. It depends on the time duration requirement of heat generation. The size of the heat converging element and the quantity of heat storage material depend on the heat quantity and storage duration required. For example, 22 may store the heat absorbed in a day and used the heat at night time. 22 may also be a small size. The solar heat is used right after been absorbed. This idea can be used for solar heat collectors 21 and 23 too. 22 also have upper port 227 and lower port 228. 228 is for fluid injection and drain. In this case, the evacuated tubes are arranged in two sides of the heat converging element 224. The axis of 223 and the axis of 224 are both non-orthogonal.

Part 23 is third level solar heat collector and is integrated with heat storage. There is a cylinder structure. The outer layer includes three sections of transparent and evacuated glass tubes 231 , 232 and 233. They allow sunlight to pass through and reduce the heat loss. Two connection parts 2341 and 2342 connect these three sections. They are in ring-shaped. 234 land 2342 provide a gap for heat expansion and contraction of tubes 231, 232 and 233. It also provides a path to connect three sections. Within glass tubes 231, 232 and 233, there is a heat absorbing tube 235. 235 has a heat absorbing coat on the outer surface. This kind of tube can be purchased in the market. They are used for solar heat generation. They are made of metal, ceramic etc. A heat storage material 237 is placed in the tube 235. The heat storage material 237 may be sand or molten salt, liquid metal or alloy etc. At the center of solar heat absorb tube 235, there is a liquid tube 237 surrounded by heat storage material. The tube 237 is for heating air, water or other material to drive turbine 250. The rotation of the turbine is transmitted to generator's rotor through turbine's shaft 251.

The Solar heat collector 23 has a bank of heliostats. The bank remote controls adjustable mirrors that follow the Sun's trajectory and concentrate solar radiation toward the solar heat absorb tube 235. The support 260 supports the system.

Turbine 250 has a outlet 250 for condensed water 252, a valve 254 and a outlet, a valve 255 for hot gas and a heat insulation coat 256.

The solar heat collector 23 further comprises an inlet and valve 238 and a outlet and valve 239. 238 is for connecting with another energy source 26. At the time without sunlight, heater 26 can provide steam to generation unit 25 for generating electricity. The outsource steam can be injected through liquid tube 237 too. In this case the system may catch and store heat energy from other energy source 26. The other energies comprise fossil energy (coal, gas, petroleum etc), biomass energy, nuclear energy, earth and air energies heat etc, except the solar energy. They not only can provide steam but also can provide other kind of heat. For example, gas or industry wasted heat can heat and store heat in the heat storage material of the system. Then generate electricity at peak hours. The other energy also includes electricity. We may arrange electric heater in the system. The heat storage material of the system stores heat at low price period and provide heat at peak hour. In this case the cogeneration system becomes a energy store device and back up power source in power system demand management plan. In Fig.2, 27 is a liquid injunction device. Here is a pump. It provides water to liquid tube 237, port 216 and port 228. 28 is a air injunction device. It provides air to system through 216, 228 and 237. The heat air is for space heating or other purpose. We can also add mixed water and air to the system the pressure from expanded air and steam will drive turbine together. The wasted air can be separated from condensed water for space heating. It also can be pumped back to the system for heating again.

The solar heat collectors 21, 22 and 23 are solar heat collectors. Except to heat water, air and for power generation, they also can provide heat source for cooking. To arrange a solar cooking utensil in any one of 21, 22 and 23, we can cook food. To transmit the heat from hem to a heat storage material in a heat insulated utensil or a cooking range/stove, we also able to cook foods. The solar cooking appliance is not shown in Fig. 2. The readers who are interested in this topic may read my other patent applications of solar cooking.

Beside the main parts mentioned above, an automation control system is an important part of a cogeneration system. Here it is 29. The system 29 comprises hardware and software. The hardware comprise sensors for the characteristic data, data monitoring and indicating device, date collecting and processing device. The data may include temperature, pressure, moisture, light strength etc. The data may also include location of the system in earth, date, time etc. The computer software coordinates and controls the system operation. In Fig. 2, the connection wires between control system and the devices are not been shown.

The system operation introduces briefly as following:

When sunlight shines on the solar heat collectors 21, 22 and 23, the solar heat absorb plate catch the heat and stores it in the heat storage material212. The evacuated solar heat collect tubes 221 absorb the solar heat and store heat in the solar heat storage material 222. The metal tube with solar heat absorb coating 237 of 23 absorb solar heat and stores heat in 236. The sunlight includes the direct shine light and reflected sunlight from the bank of heliostats 24. When automation control system 29 sends a signal to water pump 37, water is pumped into 21 and 2 through 216 and 228. The water injected catches the heat from lower tubes to higher tubes until steam is generated. The steam gets into tube 237 and is further heated. The temperature of steam is raised continually until the steam gets into generation unit 25. Here the high temperature steam pressure drives the runner of turbine 250, which is connected to the generator. The rotation of the turbine is transmitted to generator's rotor through turbine's shaft 251. The condensed water 253 is pumped to 216 and 218 through port 254. A new operation processing is started again. The condensed water can be pumped to users. Some time, there is a water tube in the turbine to cool the wasted steam for water heating. In this case we used three kinds of solar heat collectors. They are 21, 22 and 23. 21 is a plate solar heat collector integrated heat storage. 22 is a evacuated tube solar heat collector integrated heat storage. 23 not only is a tube solar heat collector, but also a main heat converge element and a steam generator. The purpose to do so is to combine the advantages of each kind of solar heat collector. For example, 21 has high absorbing efficiency and low price. But its operation temperature is low. (less than 120 Celsius degrees). 22 has higher operation temperature ( 120 - 180 Celsius degrees) and high heat insulation feature, but the glass tube may cause some safety concern in operation and at transportation. The metal tube (23) with heat absorbing coating can work at very high temperature. The tube not only absorbs solar heat directly, but also can catch reflected solar ray through setting a bank of heliostats. It can reach a much higher temperature (higher than 180 Celsius degrees). The higher steam temperature, the higher efficiency of steam generation. The steam from 23 is better for generation. Because 23 is operates at a high temperature, so the heat loss is much more than 21 and 22.

A cogeneration system is different than a large scale solar heat generation station that usually is built in a rich solar energy area. The cogeneration system needs to be built in different areas where close to the users. So the areas may have different weather or poor solar source. The multi-level solar heat collector cogeneration system is easy to meet the different weather requirement. For example, at winter period in north area, the system may close the electric generation unit 35 and only be used for space heating and hot water. Because the heat storage material in the system can be all solid material, there is no concern of water freezing. The system can operate well in winter and in the north regions.

There is no need to employ always three kinds of solar heat collectors always. According to different conditions one or two kind of solar heat collector can be used. Furthermore, each kind of solar heat collector may have many units. They can connected in series or in parallel themselves or with other kind of solar heat collector.

Refer to Fig. 3, an exemplary solar cogeneration system 30 is illustrated in schematic section view. Here 301 is a transect view and 302 is a vertical view.

The solar heat collector 31, 32 and 33 in Fig. 3 are the solar heat collector 21, 22 and 23. The devices 34, 35, 36 37, 38 and 39 in Fig. 3 are the devices 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 in Fig. 2. The parts 31 1, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 335, 336, 337, 338 and 339 in Fig.3 are the parts 21 1, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 235, 236, 237, 238. The transparent cover 331 in Fig.3 is divided into three parts 231, 232 and 233. The different between Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are as following:

1. In Fig. 2, solar heat collectors 21 and 22 are connected to 23 in parallel. In Fig. 3, the solar heat collectors

1 , 32, and 33 are connected in series. The water injected in the system is heated in three levels. The temperature in next levels is higher than previous level.

2. There is first connection 3132 arranged between the solar heat collectors 31 and 32. There is second connection 3233 arranged between 32 and 33. The first connection includes a connection tube to connect an outlet 315 of 31 to inlet 328 of 32. The second connection includes a connection tube to connect an outlet 327 of 32 to inlet 338 of 33. Two one-direction valves 3271 and 3272 at two connections allow a thermal connection between 3 land 32 and between 32 and 33 respective. The three solar heat collectors 31, 32 and 33 can work at different temperatures and pressures. A bypass valves and ports 3273 and a by-pass valve and port 3274 are arranged at the connections 3132 and 3233 respectively. If necessary we can separate the system into two or three independent sub-systems for operation.

As in Fig. 2, for the safety reason, there are three release valves 3081 , 3082 and 3083 for each solar heat collector. The solar heat collectors 31 , 32 and 33 not only can operate in series, but also can operate individually or connect two together. Comparing to 29, the automation control system 39 has similar functions and features, but it is modified to meet the new requirements of new system.

We also can connect three solar heat collectors 31, 32 and 33 directly and without the one-direction valves and by-pass valves. In this case, the operation flexibility is much lower. Further more, all three solar heat collectors need to be operated at the highest temperature and pressure.

When sunlight shine the solar heat collectors 31, 32 and 33, including the reflected solar ray from the bank of heliostats shines the solar heat collector 33, the solar heat collectors absorb the solar heat and store the heat in the heat storage material. When the automation control system 39 send a operation signal, the water supply 37 provides cool water to the heat converging tube 314. The cool water catches the solar heat to boil. When the steam pressure is large enough to open the one-direction valve 3217, the steam or steam/water mixture injects into the converging tube 326 of 32. In 326 the steam is further heated to a higher temperature. When the pressure in 326 is high enough to open the one-direction valve 3272, the steam in 326 is injected into the converging tube 337 of 33. Here the steam is further heated to a higher pressure and temperature. The pressure of steam drives the runner of turbine 350 which is connected to the generator 352. The rotation of the turbine is transmitted to generator's rotor through turbine's shaft 351. When the pressure in 331 is low, the steam from 321 gets in to 331 again. It is same as in 31 1 the water and/or steam will get in 5

321 again.. A new operation processing is started again. The condensed water 353 is pumped to 316 through port 354. This processing is similar to the processing of cogeneration in Fig. 2. Here the steam increases the temperature and pressure twice. The efficiency of the system can be higher. The condensed water can be pumped to users. Some time, there is a water tube in the turbine to cool the wasted steam for water heating.

Another alternative is the air supply 38 to inject air into the system. The air catches the solar heat and expands. The expanded air pressure to drive the turbine. Or we also can inject the mixture of water and air. The solar heat heats both water and air. The mixture of pressured air and steam drive the turbine 350 at a higher pressure. This processing is like a processing in a gas turbine of car. The fuel is stored solar heat. The expansion of water to steam is similar to the fired gas expansion processing.

Please note that the pressure for driving turbine may from steam, heated air (like wind), water or their mixture such as steam and air, steam and water, and water and air. So that the turbine used in our

cogeneration system not only can be a pure steam turbine, air (wind) turbine or a hydro turbine, but also can be a special designed steam/air turbine, steam/water turbine or pressured air/water turbine. To choose a pressure medium and design the equipment needs to consider following factors: local weather, sunlight resource, temperature, water resource and the ratio of heat and electricity that customer required.

The advantage of using steam and air mixture is that the water boiling can increase the system pressure fast and a mixed air does not need absorb phase change heat. To use steam and water means transfer the pressure of steam to water, the water drive turbine. Its advantage is that the steam can be limited in a small room and the condensing heat can be remained in the room to reduce the heat loss by wasted steam. In this case the hydro turbine needs to be installed at a lower temperature end that is an inlet of solar heat collector 31.

If the customers require hot water, steam and heated air only, we can close the electricity generation unit 35 and then operate the system as following:

1. When the temperature of the heat storage material is lower than the water boiling temperature, to

inject coot water into system, and the customers will get hot water supply.

2. When the temperature of the heat storage material is higher than the water boiling temperature, to

inject cool water into system, and the customers will get hot water and steam supply.

3. At any time when the temperature of the heat storage material is higher than the temperature of

environment air, to inject air into the system, and the customers will get heated air supply.

Other modification will be apparent to those skilled in the art and, therefore, the invention is defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A non-orthogonal solar heat collector, comprises: a solar heat-absorbing element,

a solar heat conducting/transferring element having a closed thermal connection with said solar heat- absorbing element,

a solar heat converging element for converging solar heat,

a non-orthogonal angle included between a normal line of earth surface and an axis of said solar heat conducting transferring element is larger than 95 degrees or less than 85 degrees, and a non-orthogonal angle included between a normal line of earth surface and an axis of said solar heat converging element is larger than 95 degrees or less than 85 degrees.

2. The solar heat collector according to claim 1, wherein said solar heat absorbing element is selected from a group of an evacuated solar heat collector,

an evacuated solar heat collector placed with a heat tube,

an evacuated solar heat collector placed with a solid heat collecting and storing material,

an evacuated solar heat collector placed with a fluid heat collecting and storing material,

a plate having a solar heat absorb coating,

a container having a solar heat absorbing coating,

a container having a solar heat absorbing coating and placing with solid heat storing material, a container having a solar heat absorbing coating and placing with fluid heat storing material, a tube having a solar heat absorb coating,

a tube having a solar heat absorb coating placed with a solid heat collecting and storing material, and a tube having a solar heat absorb coating placed with a fluid heat collecting and storing material.

3. The solar heat collector according to claim 1, wherein said solar heat conducting transferring element is selected from a group of a solid heat storing and transferring material placed with said solar heat absorb element,

a fluid placed in said solar heat absorb element,

a heat tube thermally connected with said solar heat absorbing element,

a U shaped tube thermally connected with said solar heat absorbing element, a fluid tube thermally connected with said solar heat absorbing element,

a fluid tube arranged in said solar heat absorbing element,

a heat conducting transferring tube having a solar heat absorbing coating,

a tube having a solar heat absorbing coating and placed with solid heat collecting and storing material, a fluid placed in a tube having solar heat absorbing coating,

the solar heat conducting/transferring element arranged on one side of said solar heat converging element,

two solar heat conducting transferring elements arranged on two sides of said solar heat converging element respectively.

4. The solar heat collector according to claim 1 , wherein said solar heat converging element is selected from a group of a fluid tube thermally connected with said solar heat absorbing element,

a fluid tube thermally connected with said solar heat conducting transferring element,

a fluid container thermally connected with said solar heat absorbing element,

a fluid container thermally connected with said solar heat conducting/transferring element, a tube placed with solid heat storing material and thermally connected with said solar heat absorbing element,

a tube placed with solid heat storing material and thermally connected with said solar heat conducting transferring element,

a container placed with solid heat storing material and thermally connected with said solar heat absorbing element,

a container placed with solid heat storing material and thermally connected with said solar heat conducting/transferring element,

a tube having a solar heat absorbing coating and placing heat conducting transferring material, a solar heat collecting and storing device,

a fluid tube placed in a heat collecting and storing material that is placed in a heat insulated container, said material having a thermal connection with said solar heat absorbing material.

5. A tube-shaped solar heat collector integrated solar heat collecting and storing in one device, comprises: a solar heat absorbing tube comprising

a solar heat absorb coating,

a transparent covering allowed sunlight pass through and reduced heat loss, a solid heat storage material placing in said tube for storing solar heat;

a heat converging channel thermally connected to said heat storing material for transferring heat.

6. The solar heat collector according to claims 1 and 5, further comprises a device selected from a group of a heat storage tank,

a solar heat electric power generation device,

a cooking utensil arranged in a heat storage material in said solar heat collector,

a heat insulated cooking utensil thermally connected with said solar heat collector,

a solar cooking chamber arranged in a cooking range/stove for a cooking utensil, said cooking chamber thermally connected with said solar heat collector,

a heat driven self-powered pump,

a heat driven automatic circulating liquid device,

an automation control system,

another energy heater, except the solar heat collector,

a fluid tube,

a fluid supply,

an air supply,

a water supply,

a waste heat supply,

a steam supply,

a solar heat appliance,

an infrared ray cell panel that converts infrared rays of stored solar heat to electricity,

a dual solar heat collector, and

a combination of above two or more above mentioned devices.

7. A solar cogeneration system, comprises a plurality of solar heat collectors which heat a fluid to different temperature,

a turbine driven by fluid pressure,

a turbine shaft turning generator,

a generator producing electricity through the movement of the rotor in the stator,

a structure supplied heat to custom,

a fluid inlet, and a fluid outlet.

8. The solar cogeneration system, according to claim 7, wherein said solar heat collector is selected from a group consisting of: a non-orthogonal solar heat collector,

a solar heat collector integrated solar heat collecting and storing,

a plate flate solar heat collector,

an evacuated solar heat collector, and

an solar heat collector in market.

9. The solar cogeneration system, according to claim 7, further comprises other energy heater except said solar heat collector,

a water supply,

an air supply,

a heated fluid outlet,

a sunlight reflecting plate,

a heliostat,

a one direction valve,

a release valve,

a power system connected to said cogeneration system,

a heat supply system connected to said cogeneration system,

a heat appliance connected to said cogeneration system,

a solar cooking appliance,

an operation data indicating device,

an alarm device,

a frequency adjusting device,

an automation control system,

a solar heat storage tank,

a solar heat appliance,

a solar heat collector integrated solar heat collecting and storing,

an evacuated solar heat collector,

a flat plate solar heat collector, an infrared ray cell panel that converts infrared rays from stored solar heat to electricity, and a combination of two or more above mentioned devices.

10. The solar heat cogeneration system, according to claim 7, wherein said turbine is selected from a group consisting of

a turbine driven by steam pressure,

a turbine driven by water pressure,

a turbine driven by air pressure,

a turbine driven by steam and air pressure,

a turbine driven by steam and water pressure,

a turbine driven by water and air pressure; and wherein said fluid is selected from a group consisting of

steam,

water,

air, and

a combination of two or three above mentioned fluids.

1 1. An energy system comprises: a solar heat cogeneration system, comprises

a plurality of solar heat collectors which heat a fluid to different temperature,

a turbine driven by fluid pressure,

a turbine shaft turning generator,

a fluid inlet,

a fluid outlet, and

a structure supplied heat to custom.