WO2013105725A1 - High-energy pressure fit type of rock bolt - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a high-energy pressure fit type of rock bolt. The high-energy pressure fit type of rock bolt which is disclosed comprises: a bent pipe on the inside of which is formed a fitting space, and which bends inwardly at equal intervals; a protective cap which is connected to one end of the bent pipe; a solid expansion unit which is installed in the fitting space and is provided with a dynamically swelling solid powder; a rock bolt coupling which is connected to the other end of the bent pipe; and a trigger which passes through the rock bolt coupling so as to connect to the solid powder. Upon detonation by means of the trigger, the solid powder reacts instantaneously such that the bent pipe is restored into a circular pipe and at the same time the diameter of the bent pipe is expanded.

Description

High Energy Compression Rock Bolts

The present invention relates to a high energy compression type rock bolt, and more particularly, to a high energy compression type rock bolt capable of instant installation without additional devices using a high energy internal reactant and generating immediate support force after installation. It is about.

In general, after the rock is excavated during the tunnel construction, deformation of rock, cracking, etc. occurs, so that rock bolts are installed to disperse the concentrated stress of the rock having a dynamic discontinuous surface, thereby preventing rock collapse and enhancing stability.

Prior art rock bolts are disclosed in Korean Patent Nos. 10-0450636, 10-0896963, 10-0515251, 10-0479955, and 10-0524316. Cement mortar is injected mostly after the conventional rock bolts have been settled, and these rock bolts have a disadvantage of complicated and time-consuming and expensive construction procedures such as mortar flowing out of a hole. It is true.

Recently, many swellex rock bolts have been used which are simple in construction and do not require mortar injection. Swellex rock bolt has the advantage of easy installation because the compressed pipe is expanded by making the high pressure water pressure compressed by the compressor into the omega shape. However, since the swellex rock bolt has to be constructed by connecting a compressor (compressor) for generating water pressure with a pipe, the compressor driving and connection time takes a lot of trouble and hassle. In addition, the inherent omega shape can cause excessive fatigue loads in pipe processing and may cause problems in pipe durability depending on the manufacturer's processing capacity.

The purpose of the present invention for solving the above problems of the prior art is to secure a high-energy compression type rock bolt that not only secures immediate support after installation, but also requires no equipment other than rock bolts, which shortens the construction period and reduces construction costs. To provide.

The high energy compression type rock bolt of the present invention has a mounting space formed therein, a bending pipe bent inward at equal intervals, a protective cap connected to one end of the bending pipe, installed in the mounting space, and dynamic expandability A solid expansion unit having a solid powder, a rock bolt coupling connected to the other end of the bending pipe, and a trigger connected to the solid powder through the rock bolt coupling, when detonated by the trigger; As the solid powder reacts instantaneously, the bending pipe is recovered into a circular pipe, and the diameter of the bending pipe is expanded to cause an effect of being pressed onto the perforated surface.

Preferably, the bending pipe has at least three bending parts at equal intervals by press working or cold rolling.

Preferably, the solid expansion unit is configured to be fixed by the inner surfaces of the at least three bending parts.

The smallest inner diameter of the bending pipe is preferably at least 12 mm.

The rock bolt coupling is formed integrally with the bending pipe, and may be configured to include a handle part, a cover part, and a connection pipe part.

The high energy compression type rock bolt of the present invention does not need other accessory equipment such as a compressor and a hose other than the rock bolt because the diameter is expanded by the pressure due to its expansion force, thereby reducing the installation time and cost.

In addition, the high-energy crimped rock bolt of the present invention can be fixed immediately after mounting the rock bolt in the drilling only by the triggering, it is possible to secure a fast bearing capacity after fixing, the construction time is reduced There is this.

1 is a perspective view showing a high energy compression type rock bolt according to an embodiment of the present invention,

2 is a cross-sectional view of the high energy compression type rock bolt shown in FIG.

3A is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 1, FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view as shown in FIG. 3A or another embodiment of a bending pipe 30 'for bending five places;

4 is a schematic view of a tunnel drilled through a perforation,

5 is a view for explaining a process of mounting the high energy compression type rock bolt shown in FIG.

6 is a perspective view showing the shape after the high energy compression type rock bolt of FIG. 1 is expanded;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VIII-VIII of FIG. 6.

As the inventive concept allows for various changes and numerous embodiments, particular embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the written description. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to specific embodiments, it should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention. In describing the drawings, like reference numerals refer to like elements.

Terms such as first, second, A, and B may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component may be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as the first component. The term and / or includes a combination of a plurality of related items or any item of a plurality of related items.

When a component is said to be "connected" or "connected" to another component, it may be directly connected to or connected to that other component, but it may be understood that another component may be present in the middle. Should be. On the other hand, when a component is said to be "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there is no other component in between.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, the terms "comprise" or "have" are intended to indicate that there is a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, and one or more other features. It is to be understood that the present invention does not exclude the possibility of the presence or the addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, components, and combinations thereof.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Terms such as those defined in the commonly used dictionaries should be construed as having meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the related art and shall not be construed in ideal or excessively formal meanings unless expressly defined in this application. Do not.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 to 3B, the high energy compression type rock bolt 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the bending pipe 30, the protective cap 34, rock bolt coupling 20, solid Expansion unit (13), trigger (22).

The bending pipe 30 is obtained by pressing or drawing a galvanized steel pipe, and as shown in FIG. 3A, the pipe is formed by bending or rolling drawing at equal intervals of 90 degrees in four directions, and the four bending parts. As the 36 is bent into the inside of the pipe, some microcracks occur at the edge portions 11 and 61. Zinc plating has the effect of suppressing the corrosion of the pipe. The distance between the opposite inner edges determines the diameter of the mounting space 51, and the distance D3 between the inner edges 61 is machined to have an inner diameter of 12 mm or more so that the solid expansion unit 13 of at least 12 mm can be mounted. . As a result of the experiment, the bending part 36 is preferably bent at four locations at intervals of 90 degrees, or bent at five locations at 72 degree intervals. Because when bending four or five places at equal intervals as shown in Figs. 3a and 3b, the diameter decreases by about 10% -12% from the diameter of the original pipe, and the diameter is suitable for insertion into the perforation 16 and the dynamic This is because after expansion, it can return to its original diameter and can be pressed against the perforation appropriately. The perforation may be 40 mm in internal diameter or 45 mm in internal diameter. For example, when the inner diameter of the perforation is 40 mm, as shown in FIG. 3A, when a pipe having an outer diameter of 42 mm is bent at 90 degree intervals, the outer diameter D2 is 38 mm. Since the inner diameter D1 of the punched hole 16 (see FIG. 4) is 40 mm, it is easy to insert a pipe having an outer diameter of 38 mm into the punched hole 16, and the low-expansion of the solid expansion unit 13 is achieved. After induction of the dynamic reaction, the original outer diameter is increased to 42 mm, which is about 2 mm larger than the inner diameter D1 of the perforation 16, so as to be properly compressed to the perforated surface 15. In addition, Figure 3b is another embodiment of the bending pipe (30 ') to bend five places when the inner diameter of the perforation is punched to 45mm. When the pipe 30 ′ having an outer diameter of 48 mm is processed at a 72 degree interval as shown in FIG. 3B, the pipe 30 ′ is close to an outer diameter of 42 mm. In general, when the blasting bit (bending pipe) of the tunnel is applied to the drilling hole (see FIG. 4), the inner diameter of the drilling hole is drilled to 45 mm, so that it is easy to insert a pipe having an outer diameter of 42 mm into the drilling hole 16. After the low-expansion dynamic reaction of the solid state expansion unit 13 is induced, the original expansion diameter is increased to 47 to 48 mm, which is about 2 mm larger than the inner diameter of the perforation 16, and thus is properly compressed to the perforated surface 15. do. 3a and 3b are different in the shape of the point or the round shape of the cross-section, which is because the pipe processing method is different and this processing method is already known technology, detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, in FIG. 3B, the solid expansion unit installed inside the bending pipe 30 ′ is omitted for convenience of description.

1 and 2, the protective cap 34 is connected to one end of the bending pipe 30. The protective cap 34 is very small in diameter compared to the bending pipe 30. Therefore, there is a reducing portion 32 which gradually decreases the diameter of the bending pipe 30, and is fixedly coupled thereto. The protective cap 34 protects the solid expansion unit 13 mounted inside the bending pipe 30 and makes it easier to insert the lock bolt 10 into the drilling hole 16.

 1 and 2, the lock bolt coupling 20 includes a handle part 24, a cover part 26, and a connection pipe part 28. The handle portion 24 is a portion that the user grasps when the lock bolt 10 is inserted into the perforation 16, the cover portion 26 is a portion covering the perforation 16, and the connection pipe portion 28 is The inner pipe coupled with the bending pipe 30 is an empty pipe. Rock bolt coupling 20 is preferably configured integrally with the bending pipe (30). That is, the connection pipe portion 28 and the bending pipe 30 is preferably made of one body.

1 to 3B, the solid expansion unit 13 is a unit containing the dynamic expandable solid powder 40 in a predetermined density inside the tube 38. The solid powder 40 is a low-expansion dynamic expandable solid powder. The solid expansion unit 13 is connected to the trigger 22, and may use various oxidative solid powders 40, but it is most appropriate to use a Nonex solidified chemical cartridge sold as a ready-made product as a result of the experiment. I knew that. Solidified chemical cartridges sold under the Nonex trademark are currently used for rock crushing. However, when using 12mm, 13mm, and 28mm cartridges, pressures of about 300 bar or more are instantaneously generated and four bends are formed. It has been found that the most suitable pressure is exerted to expand the bending pipe 30 with the instantaneously into its original state.

As shown in FIG. 2, one end of the trigger 22 protrudes to one side of the handle 24, and the other end of the trigger 22 is connected to the dynamically expandable solid powder 40.

In the following, with reference to Figures 4 to 7, the high energy compression rock bolt 10 of the present invention is mounted in the hole 16 of the tunnel, the installation process will be described.

4 shows a tunnel 12 through which the rail rail 18 passes, and a plurality of perforations 16 are formed on one sidewall of the tunnel 12. The perforations 16 are installed not only on the side wall but also on the top wall and are evenly mounted on all surfaces in the tunnel 12 where stress dispersion is required. FIG. 5 is a view illustrating a state in which one rock bolt 10 is mounted in one punched hole 16 by the above-described embodiment, and a protective cap 34 is inserted into a hole and the bending pipe 30 is clothed. Mount deep enough to fully insert into the cavity 16.

When triggered in response to the electric primer or other type of initiator acting as the trigger 22 in the mounted state as shown in Figure 5, the dynamic expandable solid powder 40 of the solid expansion unit 13 causes an intrinsic dynamic expansion reaction The solid powder 40 generates a harmless gas while generating an internal pressure of 300 bar or more in an instant (pressure in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 7). 6 and 7 expands to the shape having the original pipe diameter D4 by the internal pressure, compresses to the perforated surface 15 (FIG. 3A), supports the ground, and transmits a shear force to the tunnel wall to stress Disperse

The high energy compression type rock bolt 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention described above has an advantage of significantly shortening air than the rock bolt of the prior art. In addition to the conventional rock bolts that require mortar injection and settling time, the construction period can be considerably shorter than that of Swellex rock bolts equipped with rock bolts, connecting with compressors, and operating compressors to transmit pressure. In addition, even in a rock with weathered rocks or more, good supporting force can be ensured, and the function of the rock bolt is fully exhibited.

Applicant's experiment results, when comparing the time required to install a rock bolt of the prior art as follows.

Table 1

Work contents	Conventional rock bolt 1 (mortar filling)	Conventional Rock Bolt 2 (Swellex Rock Bolt)	Rock bolt of the present invention	compare
Ready to install	10 minutes	10 minutes	8 minutes	2 minutes
Drilling time	7 minutes	7 minutes	7 minutes	same
Cleaning	1 min	1 min	1 min	same
install	Filling (2 minutes) 2. Settlement (2 minutes)	Insertion, compressor connection and pressure transfer (3 minutes)	Insertion and Discharge (1 Minute)	3 or 2 minutes
Moving and more	15 minutes	15 minutes	15 minutes	same
system	37 minutes	36 minutes	32 minutes	4-5 minutes

As can be seen in Table 1 above, when comparing the time taken to install one rock bolt and install another rock bolt, a total of 5 minutes in the installation time in comparison with the prior art 1, and the total compared with the prior art 2 It can be seen that 4 minutes is shortened.

Therefore, compared to the rock bolt of the prior art 1, when installing two barrier (2m) rock bolts, assuming that the number of rock bolts to install 30 is reduced to 5 minutes Ⅹ 30 holes = 150 (2.5 hours) minutes. Assuming a 1km tunnel, the total 1250 hours is reduced (150 minutes / 2m Ⅹ 500m = 1250 hours). Dividing 1250 hours by 24 hours a day takes about 52 days, and saving 52 days of work saves about 40 tunneling costs. Since the cost of one tunnel excavation is about 12 million won, it can be seen that when the 1km tunnel is installed with the rock bolt of the present invention, the reduction effect is about 480 million won or more (40 times Ⅹ 12 million won = 480 million won). Thus, compared to the rock bolt of the prior art 2, 41 days of working time is reduced and 32 times the tunnel excavation cost is reduced by about 380 million won or more.

While the invention has been shown and described in connection with preferred embodiments for illustrating the principles of the invention, the invention is not limited to the construction and operation as shown and described. Rather, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, all such suitable changes, modifications, and equivalents should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

The high energy compression type rock bolt of the present invention can be widely used in the construction and civil engineering fields, such as being used as a support used for rock in tunnel construction.

Claims (6)

1. A mounting space is formed therein and the bending pipes bent inward at equal intervals;

   A protective cap connected to one end of the bending pipe;

   A solid expansion unit installed in the mounting space and having a dynamic expandable solid powder;

   A rock bolt coupling connected to the other end of the bending pipe; And,

   And a trigger connected to the solid powder through the rock bolt coupling.

   When detonated by the trigger, the solid powder is instantaneously reacted to recover the bending pipe to the circular pipe while expanding the diameter of the bending pipe, characterized in that the high energy compression type rock bolt.
2. The method of claim 1,

   The bending pipe is a high-energy compression type rock bolt, characterized in that it comprises at least three bending processing parts at equal intervals by press working or cold rolling processing.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the solid expansion unit,

   The high energy compression type rock bolt, characterized in that the fixed by the at least three inner bending surface.
4. The method of claim 1,

   High energy compression type rock bolt, characterized in that the smallest inner diameter of the bending pipe is at least 12mm.
5. The method of claim 1,

   The rock bolt coupling is formed integrally with the bending pipe, the high energy compression type rock bolt, characterized in that it comprises a handle portion, a cover portion and a connecting pipe portion.
6. The method of claim 1,

   The bending pipe is a high energy compression type rock bolt, characterized in that it comprises five bending processing parts at equal intervals by press working.

Images