WO2013098844A2 - Grid tie inverter - Google Patents
Grid tie inverter Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013098844A2 WO2013098844A2 PCT/IN2012/000730 IN2012000730W WO2013098844A2 WO 2013098844 A2 WO2013098844 A2 WO 2013098844A2 IN 2012000730 W IN2012000730 W IN 2012000730W WO 2013098844 A2 WO2013098844 A2 WO 2013098844A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power
- grid
- controller
- driver
- inverter
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
- H02J3/44—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electrical power generating and supply systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for connecting the electrical output from solar arrays and wind mills to the utility power grid. Background and prior art of the invention
- DC-to-AC power conversion from a solar-array source and wind mills to the utility grid is achieved in two power converter stages to transfer the maximum available power from the solar array and supply an in-phase AC current into the utility grid.
- U.S. Patent Nos. 6,281 ,485 and 6,369,462; and D. K. Decker, "Method for Utilizing Maximum Power from a Solar Array," JPL Quarterly Technical Review, 1972, Vol. 2, No. 1 , pages 37-48 are examples of the above methodology.
- a photovoltaic (PV) system uses one or more solar cells to convert light into electricity.
- a PV system or a solar array or a wind mill which is connected to an independent grid and which is capable of feeding power into the grid is often referred to as a grid-connected system.
- This is a form of decentralized electricity generation.
- a building mounted grid connected power generation systems e.g. a residential or office building
- the electricity demand of the building is met by the power generation systems and any excess electricity is fed into the grid.
- the feeding of electricity into the grid requires the transformation of direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC). This function is performed by an inverter.
- the AC side, grid-connected inverters supplies electricity in sinusoidal form, synchronized to the grid frequency, limit feed in voltage to no higher than the grid voltage.
- the power output of a module varies as a function of the voltage in a way that power generation can be optimized by varying the system voltage to find a so-called maximum power point.
- Most inverters therefore incorporate maximum power point tracking.
- the AC output is typically coupled across an electricity meter into the public grid.
- the electricity meter preferably runs in both directions since at some points in time, the system may draw electricity from the grid and at other points in time, the system may supply electricity to the grid.
- an initial use of power from AC electricity distribution system was focused on automating machinery and to provide lighting. While then basic designs are still in use a century later (albeit more refined), such designs have been increasingly replaced by more advanced implementations, or alternatives that don't utilize AC signals natively.
- This invention relates to electric power generation system from the multiple sources like windings of 80 the generator 10, 20, and 30.
- the excitation to these windings is controlled by the controller 16, 26, and 36, which generates the appropriate switching pattern based on the power available.
- the generated switching patterns are applied to the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 11, 21, and 31, through the pre driver and driver 15.
- the power generated is stored in the DC Bus with DC Bus Positive 202.
- the power in the DC Bus is pumped to the grid through the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 12, 22, and 32.
- the appropriate switching 85 pattern based on the grid voltage and frequency is generated by the controller 16, 26, 36.
- the patterns to the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 12, 22, and 32 are applied through the pre driver and the driver 15.
- the output of the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 12, 22, and 32 is filtered out by a suitable filter 3, 23, 33 which eliminates the any harmonics induced by the switching devices in the inverter.
- the output of the filter is connected to the 19, 29, 39, and 90 Single / Two / Three Phase AC Bus and any Single / Two / Three 90 Phase Grid Load, Pump or any other Single / Two / Three Phase load 14, 24, 34.
- the controller 16, 26, and 36 generates the switching patterns to both the load side and the generator side H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter.
- a system for the generation of electric power and the efficient transformation to the electric grid comprising: a) a first single or poly-phase generator (10,20,30); b) a first inverter (11, 21 , 31) responsive to an output of said first single or poly-phase generator for providing an enhanced DC output; c) a second inverter (12, 22, 32) responsive to an output of said first inverter for providing an AC output from the said DC output; d) a filter (13, 23, 33) formed between portions of said first, second inverters and the load for eliminating the harmonics induced by the switching devices in the said inverters; e) a controller (16, 26, 36) for controlling said inverters and for generating the switching patterns at the load end and at the generator end; f) a pre driver and driver (15, 25, 35) connected between the said controller and the said inverters for driving the said inverters and applying the said switching patterns to the said inverters from the said controllers; and g) a single or poly phase loads (14, 24, 34)
- a method for the generation of electric power and the efficient transformation to the electric grid comprising the steps of a) Controlling the excitation supplied to the generator windings by the said controller (16, 26, 36). b) Generating the pre-determined switching patterns and frequency by the said controller based on the available power and the grid voltage. c) Applying the said generated switching patterns to the said hex bridge inverters (11 , 12) by the said controller through the said driver and pre driver (15). d) Storing the generated power in the DC bus with the DC bus positive (202). e) Eliminating the harmonics induced by the switching devices in the said inverter by the filter (13,23,33). f) Pumping the said stored power in the DC bus positive to the single or multi-phase load and the grid 135 through the said hex bridge inverter (11, 12).
- Fig.1 illustrates the system for the generation of the electric power and its transformation to the electric grid.
- Fig.2 and fig.3 illustrates the power stored on the DC bus positive of the inverter of the system 140 shown in fig.1.
- Fig.4 illustrates the controller of the system illustrated in fig.1.
- Fig.1 illustrates the system for the generation of the electric power and its transformation to the electric grid. This invention relates to electric power generation system from the multiple sources like
- the controller 16, 26, and 36 which generates the appropriate switching pattern based on the power available.
- the generated switching patterns are applied to the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 11, 21, and 31 , through the pre driver and driver 15.
- the power generated is stored in the DC Bus with DC Bus Positive 202.
- the power in the DC Bus is pumped to the grid through the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 12, 22, and 32.
- the controller 16, 26, and 36 generates the switching patterns to both the Load side and the generator side H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter.
- the system for the generation of electric power and the efficient transformation to the electric grid as illustrated in fig.1 comprises a first single or poly-phase generator (10,20,30); a first inverter (11 , 21, 31)
- the system further comprises an hex bridge inverter (11 , 12) electrically connected to the generator windings and the filter for pumping the power in the DC bus to the grid, for applying the 170 generated switching patterns by the said controller (16, 26, 36) and
- the system comprises controllers (16, 26, 36) in electrical communication to the said hex bridge inverter through the said pre driver and driver (15, 25, 35) for generating the appropriate switching patterns of the load and the generator based on the grid voltage and available power for generating the pre-determined frequency and controlling the excitation to the said generator windings (10, 20, 30).
- the controller as illustrated in fig.4 further comprises pulse width modulator controlled by the current controller and the slip and Z frequency estimator for generating the switching patterns based on the available power.
- the controller further comprises a comparator electrically in communication with the said pulse width modulator and receiving the stored generated power through the DC positive bus (202).
- Fig.2 and fig.3 illustrates the Hex bridge inverters of fig.1 wherein the utility grid interface having 180 two input terminals and two output terminals; a uni-directional switching bridge, comprising at least two upper uni-directional semiconductor switches and two lower uni-directional semiconductor switches, that takes the rectified converter output current as an input and provides AC output as inverter output current feeding into the two input terminals of the utility grid interface, wherein each uni-directional semiconductor switch has an upper terminal and a lower terminal; a DC-DC converter output having positive and return 185 terminals, where the positive terminal is connected to the upper terminals of the two upper uni-directional semiconductor switches within the switching bridge, and the return output terminal is connected to the lower terminals of the two lower uni-directional semiconductor switches within the switching bridge; the hex bridge inverter taking the signal between the two input terminals of the utility grid interface as input, and providing a positive output and a negative output; wherein the DC-DC converter positive output terminal is connected to 190 the positive output of the filter (13)
- each upper uni-directional semiconductor switch is connected in series with the upper terminal of the respective lower uni-directional semiconductor switch; 200 further comprising a control signal that controls the upper semiconductor switches to disconnect the output terminal of the DC-DC converter from supplying AC power to the utility grid as a result of loss of synchronization with the utility grid voltage.
- the controller as illustrated in fig.4 further comprises pulse width modulator controlled by the current controller and the slip and Z frequency estimator for generating the switching patterns based on the
- the controller further comprises a comparator electrically in communication with the said pulse width modulator and receiving the stored generated power through the DC positive bus (202).
- the method for the generation of electric power and the efficient transformation to the electric grid comprising the steps of controlling the excitation supplied to the generator windings by the said controller (16, 26, 36), generating the pre-determined switching patterns and frequency by the said controller based on the
Abstract
This invention relates to electric-power generation system from multiple sources like generator windings 10,20,30. Excitation to windings is controlled by controller 16,26,36, which generates appropriate switching-pattern based on power available. Generated switching-patterns are applied to H/Hex Bridge inverter 11,21,31, through pre driver, driver 15. Power generated is stored in DC-Bus and pumped to grid through H/Hex Bridge inverter 12,22,32. Appropriate switching-pattern based on grid voltage, frequency is generated by controller 16,26,36. Switching-patterns to H/Hex Bridge inverter 12,22,32 are applied through pre driver, driver 15. Output of H/Hex Bridge inverter 12,22,32 is filtered out by filters 13,23,33 eliminating any harmonics induced by switching devices. Output of filter is connected to 19,29,39,90 Single/Two/Three Phase AC Bus and any Single/Two /Three Phase Grid Load, Pump or any other Single/Two/Three Phase load 14,24,34. Controller 16,26,36, generates switching- patterns to both load side and generator side H/Hex Bridge inverter.
Description
Title: Grid Tie Inverter
Applicant's Name: VALAGAM RAJAGOPAL RAGHUNATHAN
Priority application no.: 4654/CHE/201 1 Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electrical power generating and supply systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for connecting the electrical output from solar arrays and wind mills to the utility power grid. Background and prior art of the invention
Typically, DC-to-AC power conversion from a solar-array source and wind mills to the utility grid is achieved in two power converter stages to transfer the maximum available power from the solar array and supply an in-phase AC current into the utility grid. U.S. Patent Nos. 6,281 ,485 and 6,369,462; and D. K. Decker, "Method for Utilizing Maximum Power from a Solar Array," JPL Quarterly Technical Review, 1972, Vol. 2, No. 1 , pages 37-48 are examples of the above methodology. Further as is known in the art, a photovoltaic (PV) system uses one or more solar cells to convert light into electricity. Due to the relatively low voltage of an individual solar cell (typically on the order of 0.5 volts (V)), several solar cells are often combined into PV panels which are in turn connected together into an array. The electricity generated can be either stored or used directly or fed into a large electricity grid powered by central generation plants or combined with one or many domestic electricity generators to feed into a small grid.
As is also known, a PV system or a solar array or a wind mill which is connected to an independent grid and which is capable of feeding power into the grid is often referred to as a grid-connected system. This is a form of decentralized electricity generation. In the case of a building mounted grid connected power generation systems (e.g. a residential or office building), the electricity demand of the building is met by the power generation systems and any excess electricity is fed into the grid. The feeding of electricity into the grid requires the transformation of direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC). This function is performed by an inverter.
Gn the AC side, grid-connected inverters supplies electricity in sinusoidal form, synchronized to the grid frequency, limit feed in voltage to no higher than the grid voltage.
On the DC side, the power output of a module varies as a function of the voltage in a way that power generation can be optimized by varying the system voltage to find a so-called maximum power point. Most inverters therefore incorporate maximum power point tracking. The AC output is typically coupled across an electricity meter into the public grid. The electricity meter preferably runs in both directions since
at some points in time, the system may draw electricity from the grid and at other points in time, the system may supply electricity to the grid. As is also known, an initial use of power from AC electricity distribution system was focused on automating machinery and to provide lighting. While then basic designs are still in use a century later (albeit more refined), such designs have been increasingly replaced by more advanced implementations, or alternatives that don't utilize AC signals natively. Instead, modern grid connected machines and devices convert the grid voltage provided thereto to a more appropriate form such as direct current (dc) voltage or high- frequency modulated AC voltage. Additionally, much electricity used today is in residential and commercial environments, a shift from the primarily industrial usage a century ago. As is also known, grid tied inverters for power generating systems have also evolved since their inception. Grid tied inverters for power generating systems traditionally managed large series-parallel connected arrays and then evolved to also handle lower power strings of panels, and have further evolved to operate with a single module and arrays. Inverters which operate with a single module are referred to as micro-inverters or module integrated converters (MIC). Micro-inverters provide a number of benefits including ease of installation, system redundancy, and increased performance in partially shaded conditions.
The drawback of such systems, however, is the difficulty in obtaining the same efficiencies as inverters which manage multiple modules in series at higher power levels. Connecting electronic devices to an AC distribution system is a well understood task, and significant work has been completed in both sourcing power from, and delivering power to the grid. Much of this work is focused on three-phase interconnection of varying line voltages, with power levels ranging from 10-500 kW, often for applications in motor drives, electric vehicle drive -trains, wind turbines, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. At these power levels, with a three phase distribution system, very high efficiencies are achievable. This is in contrast to electrical systems found in commercial and residential environments, which often operate on single or split-phase systems at a significantly lower power level. This results in an increased difficulty to maintain high energy conversion efficiencies.
One challenge for such single phase converters is the DC plus sinusoidally varying power transfer to the grid. This results in the need for a converter capable of processing power from zero to double the average power, at twice the line frequency and there is thus a need for further contributions and improvements to DC-to-AC power conversion technology. An H-bridge and Hex Bridge DC-AC inverters exhibit a wide operation range (VinmaxA inmin) so that there is flexibility in circuit design. However, switching loss such as turn-on loss and turn-off loss may result from hard-switching since active switching elements are used. Moreover, during hard-switching of the switches, switching surge occurs shortening the
lifetime of the switching elements. Therefore, there is need in providing an apparatus for controlling an H- bridge and Hex Bridge DC-AC inverter to reduce the switching loss, improve the conversion rate and increase the lifetime of the switching elements.
75 But none of the prior art inventions provide a solution to the above problem and does not describe a method of and a system for compression of the present invention.
Summary of the Invention
This invention relates to electric power generation system from the multiple sources like windings of 80 the generator 10, 20, and 30. The excitation to these windings is controlled by the controller 16, 26, and 36, which generates the appropriate switching pattern based on the power available. The generated switching patterns are applied to the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 11, 21, and 31, through the pre driver and driver 15. The power generated is stored in the DC Bus with DC Bus Positive 202. The power in the DC Bus is pumped to the grid through the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 12, 22, and 32. The appropriate switching 85 pattern based on the grid voltage and frequency is generated by the controller 16, 26, 36. The patterns to the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 12, 22, and 32 are applied through the pre driver and the driver 15. The output of the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 12, 22, and 32 is filtered out by a suitable filter 3, 23, 33 which eliminates the any harmonics induced by the switching devices in the inverter. The output of the filter is connected to the 19, 29, 39, and 90 Single / Two / Three Phase AC Bus and any Single / Two / Three 90 Phase Grid Load, Pump or any other Single / Two / Three Phase load 14, 24, 34. The controller 16, 26, and 36, generates the switching patterns to both the load side and the generator side H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter.
Object of the Invention
95 It is an object of the present invention to provide a system comprising an optimized generator winding for a single and three phase power generation system.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an intelligent system for handling the load imbalance and the change of phase sequence in the power generation system.
100
It is one another object of the present invention to provide an intelligent system for operating at the short circuit conditions of all the three phases.
It is also an object of the present system to provide a method for optimized generation of the 105 electric power and the efficient transformation of the said generated power to the electrical grid.
Statement of the Invention
A system for the generation of electric power and the efficient transformation to the electric grid, comprising: a) a first single or poly-phase generator (10,20,30); b) a first inverter (11, 21 , 31) responsive to an output of said first single or poly-phase generator for providing an enhanced DC output; c) a second inverter (12, 22, 32) responsive to an output of said first inverter for providing an AC output from the said DC output; d) a filter (13, 23, 33) formed between portions of said first, second inverters and the load for eliminating the harmonics induced by the switching devices in the said inverters; e) a controller (16, 26, 36) for controlling said inverters and for generating the switching patterns at the load end and at the generator end; f) a pre driver and driver (15, 25, 35) connected between the said controller and the said inverters for driving the said inverters and applying the said switching patterns to the said inverters from the said controllers; and g) a single or poly phase loads (14, 24, 34) connected to the said filters (13, 23, 33) through the single or poly phase AC bus (19, 29, 39).
A method for the generation of electric power and the efficient transformation to the electric grid, comprising the steps of a) Controlling the excitation supplied to the generator windings by the said controller (16, 26, 36). b) Generating the pre-determined switching patterns and frequency by the said controller based on the available power and the grid voltage. c) Applying the said generated switching patterns to the said hex bridge inverters (11 , 12) by the said controller through the said driver and pre driver (15). d) Storing the generated power in the DC bus with the DC bus positive (202). e) Eliminating the harmonics induced by the switching devices in the said inverter by the filter (13,23,33).
f) Pumping the said stored power in the DC bus positive to the single or multi-phase load and the grid 135 through the said hex bridge inverter (11, 12).
Brief description of the drawings
Fig.1 illustrates the system for the generation of the electric power and its transformation to the electric grid.
Fig.2 and fig.3 illustrates the power stored on the DC bus positive of the inverter of the system 140 shown in fig.1.
Fig.4 illustrates the controller of the system illustrated in fig.1.
Detailed description of the Drawings
Fig.1 illustrates the system for the generation of the electric power and its transformation to the electric grid. This invention relates to electric power generation system from the multiple sources like
145 windings of the generator 10, 20, and 30. The excitations to these windings are controlled by the controller 16, 26, and 36, which generates the appropriate switching pattern based on the power available. The generated switching patterns are applied to the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 11, 21, and 31 , through the pre driver and driver 15. The power generated is stored in the DC Bus with DC Bus Positive 202. The power in the DC Bus is pumped to the grid through the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 12, 22, and 32. The
150 appropriate switching pattern based on the grid voltage and frequency is generated by the controller 16, 26, 36. The patterns to the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 12, 22, and 32 are applied through the pre driver and the driver 15. The output of the H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter 12, 22, and 32 is filtered out by a suitable filter 13, 23, 33 which eliminates the any harmonics induced by the switching devices in the inverter. The output of the filter is connected to the 19, 29, 39, and 90 Single / Two / Three Phase AC Bus and any Single
155 / Two / Three Phase Grid Load, Pump or any other Single / Two / Three Phase load 14, 24, 34. The controller 16, 26, and 36, generates the switching patterns to both the Load side and the generator side H Bridge / Hex Bridge inverter.
The system for the generation of electric power and the efficient transformation to the electric grid as illustrated in fig.1 comprises a first single or poly-phase generator (10,20,30); a first inverter (11 , 21, 31)
160 responsive to an output of said first single or poly-phase generator for providing an DC output; a second inverter (12, 22, 32) responsive to an output of said first inverter for providing an AC output from the said DC output; a filter (13, 23, 33) formed between portions of said first and second inverters for eliminating the harmonics induced by the switching devices in the said inverters; a controller (16, 26, 36) for controlling said inverters and for generating the switching patterns at the load end and at the generator end; a pre driver
165 and driver (15, 25, 35) connected between the said controller and the said inverters for driving the said
inverters and applying the said switching patterns to the said inverters from the said controllers; and a single or poly phase loads (14, 24, 34) connected to the said filters (13, 23, 33) through the single or poly phase AC bus (19, 29, 39). The system further comprises an hex bridge inverter (11 , 12) electrically connected to the generator windings and the filter for pumping the power in the DC bus to the grid, for applying the 170 generated switching patterns by the said controller (16, 26, 36) and The system comprises controllers (16, 26, 36) in electrical communication to the said hex bridge inverter through the said pre driver and driver (15, 25, 35) for generating the appropriate switching patterns of the load and the generator based on the grid voltage and available power for generating the pre-determined frequency and controlling the excitation to the said generator windings (10, 20, 30).
175 The controller as illustrated in fig.4 further comprises pulse width modulator controlled by the current controller and the slip and Z frequency estimator for generating the switching patterns based on the available power. The controller further comprises a comparator electrically in communication with the said pulse width modulator and receiving the stored generated power through the DC positive bus (202).
Fig.2 and fig.3 illustrates the Hex bridge inverters of fig.1 wherein the utility grid interface having 180 two input terminals and two output terminals; a uni-directional switching bridge, comprising at least two upper uni-directional semiconductor switches and two lower uni-directional semiconductor switches, that takes the rectified converter output current as an input and provides AC output as inverter output current feeding into the two input terminals of the utility grid interface, wherein each uni-directional semiconductor switch has an upper terminal and a lower terminal; a DC-DC converter output having positive and return 185 terminals, where the positive terminal is connected to the upper terminals of the two upper uni-directional semiconductor switches within the switching bridge, and the return output terminal is connected to the lower terminals of the two lower uni-directional semiconductor switches within the switching bridge; the hex bridge inverter taking the signal between the two input terminals of the utility grid interface as input, and providing a positive output and a negative output; wherein the DC-DC converter positive output terminal is connected to 190 the positive output of the filter (13) through a forward-biased diode wherein each of the upper and lower unidirectional semiconductor switches comprises a diode and a semiconductor switch connected in series and has an upper terminal and a lower terminal; and wherein each semiconductor switch is a transistor selected from the group consisting of: a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), and an insulated-gate bipolar junction transistor (IGBT).
195 The power is delivered into a stand-alone resistive load that has insignificant inductive characteristics; wherein the power in the DC bus is pumped to the grid through the inverters by controlling a relay switching network for directing the filtered AC current to either the utility grid or an emergency standalone single or multi-phase load. The lower terminal of each upper uni-directional semiconductor switch is connected in series with the upper terminal of the respective lower uni-directional semiconductor switch;
200 further comprising a control signal that controls the upper semiconductor switches to disconnect the output terminal of the DC-DC converter from supplying AC power to the utility grid as a result of loss of synchronization with the utility grid voltage.
The controller as illustrated in fig.4 further comprises pulse width modulator controlled by the current controller and the slip and Z frequency estimator for generating the switching patterns based on the
205 available power. The controller further comprises a comparator electrically in communication with the said pulse width modulator and receiving the stored generated power through the DC positive bus (202). The method for the generation of electric power and the efficient transformation to the electric grid, comprising the steps of controlling the excitation supplied to the generator windings by the said controller (16, 26, 36), generating the pre-determined switching patterns and frequency by the said controller based on the
210 available power and the grid voltage, applying the said generated switching patterns to the said hex bridge inverters (11, 12) by the said controller through the said driver and pre driver (15), storing the generated power in the DC bus with the DC bus positive (202), eliminating the harmonics induced by the switching devices in the said inverter by the filter (13) and pumping the said stored power in the DC bus positive to the single or multi-phase load and the grid through the said hex bridge inverter (11 , 12). The hex bridge inverter
215 (11,12) are connected to the generator windings and the filter (13) for pumping the power in to the grid, by applying the generated switching patterns by the said controller (16, 26, 36) and the controllers (16, 26, 36) are in communication to the said hex bridge inverter through the said pre driver and driver (15, 25, 35) for generating the appropriate switching patterns of the load and the generator based on the grid voltage and available power for generating the pre-determined frequency and controlling the excitation to the said
220 generator windings (10, 20, 30).
It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that with the advance of technology, the basic idea of the invention can be implemented in a plurality of ways. The invention and its embodiments are thus not restricted to the above examples but may vary within the scope of the claims.
Further the. above-described embodiments of the present invention are intended to be examples 225 only. Alterations, modifications and variations may be effected to the particular embodiments by those of skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims appended hereto.
Claims
Claims
230 1) A system for the generation of electric power and the efficient power transfer to
comprising: a) A first single or poly-phase generator (10,20,30); b) A first inverter (11 , 21 , 31) responsive to an output of said first single or poly-phase generator for providing an regulated DC output;
235 c) A second inverter (12, 22, 32) responsive to an output of said first inverter for providing an AC output from the said DC output; d) A filter (13, 23, 33) formed between portions of said first and second inverters for eliminating the harmonics induced by the switching devices in the said inverters; e) A controller (16, 26, 36) for controlling said inverters and for generating the switching patterns 240 at the load end and at the generator end; f) A pre driver and driver (15, 25, 35) connected between the said controller and the said inverters for driving the said inverters and applying the said switching patterns to the said inverters from the said controllers; and g) A single or poly phase loads (14, 24, 34) connected to the said filters (13, 23, 33) through the 245 single or poly phase AC bus (19, 29, 39)
2) The system as claimed in claim 1 further comprising an hex bridge inverter (11, 12) electrically connected to the generator windings and the filter for pumping the power from the DC bus to the grid, for applying the generated switching patterns by the said controller (16, 26, 36).
3) The system as claimed in claim 1 further comprising controllers (16, 26, 36) in communication to 250 the said hex bridge inverter through the said pre driver and driver (15, 25, 35) for generating the appropriate switching patterns of the load and the generator based on the grid voltage and available power for generating the pre-determined frequency and controlling the excitation to the said generator windings (10, 20, 30).
4) The system as claimed in claim 3 wherein the said controller further comprising pulse width
255 modulator controlled by the current controller and the slip and Z frequency estimator for generating the switching patterns based on the available power.
5) The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the said H or Hex bridge inverters further comprising at least two upper uni-directional semiconductor switches that takes the rectified converter output current as an input and provides AC output as inverter output current feeding into the two input terminals of the utility 260 grid interface, wherein each uni-directional semiconductor switch has an upper terminal and a lower terminal; a DC-DC converter output having positive and return terminals, where the positive terminal is connected to the upper terminals of the two upper uni-directional semiconductor switches within the switching bridge, and the uni-directional semiconductor switches comprises a diode and the semiconductor switches are connected in parallel.
265 6) The system as claimed in claim 3 wherein the said controller further comprising a comparator in communication with the said pulse width modulator and receiving the stored generated power through the DC positive bus (202).
7) A method for the system as claimed in claim 1 for the generation of electric power and the efficient transformation to the electric grid, comprising the steps of
270 a) Controlling the excitation supplied to the generator windings by the said controller (16, 26, 36). b) Generating the pre-determined switching patterns and frequency by the said controller based on the available power and the grid voltage. c) Applying the said generated switching patterns to the said hex bridge inverters (11, 12) by the said controller through the said driver and pre driver (15).
275 d) Storing the generated power in the DC bus with the DC bus positive (202). e) Eliminating the harmonics induced by the switching devices in the said inverter by the filter (13). f) Pumping the said stored power in the DC bus positive to the single or multi-phase load and the grid through the said hex bridge inverter (12).
280 8) The method for the generation of electric power and its efficient transfer to the electric grid as claimed in claim 7 wherein the H or hex bridge inverter (11 , 12) is electrically connected to the generator windings and the filter for pumping the power from the DC bus to the grid, for applying the generated switching patterns by the said controller (16, 26, 36).
9) The method for the generation of electric power and the efficient transfer to the electric grid as 285 claimed in claim 7 wherein the controllers (16, 26, 36) are in communication to the said H or hex bridge inverter through the said pre driver and driver (15, 25, 35) for generating the appropriate switching patterns
of the load and the generator based on the grid voltage and available power for generating the predetermined frequency and controlling the excitation to the said generator windings (10, 20, 30).
10) The system as claimed in claim 1 and the method as claimed in claim 7 for the generation of 290 electric power and the efficient transfer to the electric grid substantially as herein described with respect to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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IN4654/CHE/2011 | 2011-12-30 | ||
IN4654CH2011 | 2011-12-30 |
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WO2013098844A2 true WO2013098844A2 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
WO2013098844A3 WO2013098844A3 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
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PCT/IN2012/000730 WO2013098844A2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2012-11-06 | Grid tie inverter |
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CN104362667A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-18 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Cooperative control method of high and low voltage ride-through for doubly-fed wind turbine set |
CN112865554A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-05-28 | 江苏金智科技股份有限公司 | Single-phase or three-phase alternating current power supply multiplexing type power electronic load device |
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