WO2013093128A1

WO2013093128A1 - Module for building façades and method of use in construction

Info

Publication number: WO2013093128A1
Application number: PCT/ES2011/070888
Authority: WO
Inventors: Margarita JIMÉNEZ HORWITZ
Original assignee: Elesdopa, S.L.
Priority date: 2011-12-20
Filing date: 2011-12-20
Publication date: 2013-06-27
Also published as: JP2015504989A; EP2816166A1; EP2816166B1; EP2816166A4; IL233257A0; ES2820878T3; US20150211230A1

Abstract

Module for building façades for any building or civil-engineering project with planar or curved surfaces of two or more walls of reinforced mortar or concrete, which comprises walls; connectors constructed in situ, or prefabricated with drills; connector and wall reinforcements; leaf supports with hollow cylinders or prisms, and a solid support with drills. Use of the building module involves placing the double-leaf or solid support; placing reinforcements for each wall alongside each face of the support; inserting the connector reinforcements into the hollow cylinders or prisms, or into drills; folding and overlapping the reinforcement pins; forming connectors and walls, casting concrete or mortar and packing hollow cylinders and prisms, or drills, and on both faces of said supports. Alternative methods involve the use of prefabricated connectors; application in cases without access to one face, against an embankment, and in façade reinforcements.

Description

MODULE GENERATOR OF PARAMENTS AND METHOD OF EMPLOYMENT IN CONSTRUCTION

DESCRIPTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

A general object of the invention is the design of a module that generates paraments in a specific construction that can be used in the various areas of the construction sector of both buildings and civil works. A second general object of the invention is a method of using the face generating module of the invention in:

- General procedure of construction of walls, in which there is access for operators and machinery on both sides of it.

- Construction without access to one of the sides of the wall; as a wall attached to an excavation slope or attached to a dividing wall, or to a face with a face to the void.

- Reinforcement of an existing face, be it vertical, horizontal, inclined or with curvature.

- Carry out load-bearing walls, enclosure walls, space separation walls, pillars, slabs, plates, sheets, corbels, roofs, vaults, domes in the construction field; and in the civil work to perform all the types of paraments mentioned above, and also abutments, piles and bridge decks, frames and vaults for underpasses of roads and railway lines, walls and frames for channeling ravines and rivers, containment tanks of liquids, walls and caissons for port docks, reservoirs of water reservoirs.

- Carry out foundation slabs and retaining walls; and carry out in the civil work the structures mentioned above, and buried or semi-buried liquid containment tanks, galleries and tunnels coverings, bridge abutments.

- Carry out prefabricated pieces in the workshop to assemble them on site, and perform buildings, and civil works

A particular object of the invention is the design of a tower generating module that can be used in the various areas of the construction sector, based on

i Massive supports of polymeric material, and in alternative materials to the polymeric ones like concrete blocks, ceramic pieces, granular material.

A second particular object of the invention is the design of a module generated r of paraments that can be used in the various areas of the construction sector based on supports of sheets of polymeric materials, or alternative to polymeric materials such as wooden boards, of plywood, and wood agglomerates; metallic; said sheets being separated by prisms or hollow cylinders of polymeric materials; of boards, plywood, agglomerates of wood, metal or cardboard.

A third particular object of the invention is the design of complementary parts of the generator module of paraments such as connectors, reinforcement of the walls and reinforcement of the connectors, based on concrete or mortar of cement and steel, respectively, and on materials alternative to steel as polymeric materials, other metals, glass fibers, and carbon.

FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The invention is related to the design of an innovative tower generator module, and its parts, that can be used in the various areas of the construction sector, both buildings and civil works, including not only the use of poured concrete inside the formwork, but also projected on support, and also using alternative materials to concrete or cement mortar in some of its parts. Additionally it is related to the development of a method of application of said generator module of walls in the field of building and civil works, in the different structures of the usual practice.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The use of reinforced concrete with steel bars goes back to the end of the 19th century. The aim is to achieve a composite material that has the characteristics of concrete in terms of its resistance to compression and those of steel, especially in terms of its tensile strength.

The structural elements of reinforced concrete are manufactured by preparing an enclosure by means of a mold called formwork with the shape of the structural element that is to be built. Inside the steel reinforcements are placed in the areas and direction in which tractions will appear when loading said element, then filling the enclosure with poured concrete and consolidating it by barbed chopping or vibration. Once the concrete has hardened and hardened, the mold is removed in the operation known as demolding.

The various structural elements can also be prefabricated in the workshop so that, once the concrete with which they have been built has hardened, they can be transported to the work site for placement. These prefabricated pieces can be lightened by means of the inclusion of hollows in their interior as it is the case of the alveolar plates. You can also give a pre-tension to your reinforcements before pouring the concrete, such would be the case of the prestressed concrete pieces, or they can also have these structural elements hollow pipes for once placed on the work to introduce cables or tendons of steel and to put tension to them a posteriori, operation that receives the name of postensado.

However, the need for designs of construction elements, whether executed on site or prefabricated in the workshop, is increasingly evident, which simplifies the work in the different applications in the field of construction, which allow the saving of materials and materials. labor, everything that should have a relevant economic effect. The patent GB 2023215 of June 15, 1979 in the name of Luddington Enterprises Ltd describes a constructive element of two walls of reinforced concrete, executed by means of projection on support of two sheets, separated by steel bars either horizontal, or making a lattice, bars that they overlap with the reinforcing grills on the walls. However, the connection between the two walls is limited by their relative weak mechanical strength; It can only be used on paraments subjected to small efforts such as building enclosures or small load-bearing walls.

Document US3982368 of December 18, 1974 in the name of American Volkscastel International claims a constructive element of two projected reinforced concrete walls, in which the gap between walls is achieved with a corrugated cardboard support. The claimed element is provided with connectors between walls constituted by steel bars that overlap in the reinforcements of the walls. There is another variant in which the walls are braced by means of partitions arranged at each distance of reinforced concrete. The variant, in which the bracing between walls is made by reinforced concrete partitions, is the one that presents more rigidity especially in the direction of the partitions. In the perpendicular direction it presents little rigidity. The invention is intended only to perform in workshop prefabricated panels that once moved to the work are assembled by bolts in the metal frame located from a floor to the next floor of a building. It is designed only to build flat walls subjected to small efforts such as building enclosures.

The publication DE19520082 of June 1, 1995 in the name of Bittscheidt, Norbert, Datteln, presents a lost formwork of double wall, prefabricated reinforced concrete, to make concrete vertical walls afterwards. The formwork is not recovered as is usually done with traditional formwork. The proposed system seeks to make solid walls of reinforced concrete instead of hollow walls of reinforced concrete. It only serves for vertical walls. It uses a significant amount of concrete.

Thus, it is necessary an innovative solution that has adequate rigidity in all directions, which allows it to be used for the construction of any wall, no matter how high the resistance required in terms of the forces to which the wall is subjected. It must also be versatile enough so that it can be used in the preparation of prefabricated panels such as Perrin, but also that it can be built with it directly on the site to make any wall or building. Make any facing that may even have curvature, as in vaults, domes or any warped surface, and that the separation between walls can be variable which makes it possible to adapt it at each point to the level of effort required at that point. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Characteristics of the present wall generator module

The module that generates paraments in a certain construction of the present invention has some of the characteristics mentioned above, but at the same time provides inventive, novel features, with respect to the state of the art. The generator module when repeated generates the entire structure.

In the first place, contrary to the technique normally used in the design of structures in which they are constituted of linear elements, those made according to the present invention are with elements of a predominantly superficial character. The surface dimensions of the paraments executed with the generator module of the invention are clearly superior to the thickness thereof. Also, the concept of formwork to configure an enclosure in which the concrete is poured disappears, and instead a support is used to project on both sides of the concrete or cement mortar. The support is not necessarily removed, as it can be embedded in the wall in construction. Thus, a very light element is obtained to build walls in which concrete or mortar is placed just in the zones, in which the compression efforts appear when loading the structure, and to cover the steel bars that hold the tensile stresses

The structural generator module of the invention can be used to build all kinds of structural shapes, both of a surface nature such as plates, foundation slabs, slabs, roofs, corbels, vaults, domes, water tanks, retaining walls, load bearing walls, enclosures, partitions, bridge boards; as well as linear structural elements such as pillars, piles of bridges, beams and girders; also the structural shapes of volumetric character as gravity dams or dams dam for water reservoirs.

The present generator module of walls consists of at least two walls of concrete or reinforced mortar, although they can also be made with reinforced concrete mortar, which are connected every certain distance with some connectors, which in turn are generally of the same material, although they can also be made of polymeric material; metal; wood; resin reinforced with carbon fibers, resin reinforced with glass fibers; or any other type of material with sufficient mechanical strength for the construction object to be executed.

The fundamental innovative feature of the facade generator module of the invention is that it manages to increase the moment of inertia of a facing with respect to its median plane, separating the walls from each other without increasing the expense of material, instead of doing so as with the elements of concrete formwork, in which to increase the moment of inertia it is necessary to increase the thickness of the facing, which entails greater expenditure of material, manpower and time. Thus, with the present element, very resistant structures are obtained, with much less material expenditure. The structures executed with this invention resist much better the efforts caused by seismic movements. All this results in significant material savings, execution time and labor costs, all of which gives it significant applicability and an important economic effect. Execution mode

The way to make a wall of any building with the present tower generator module when the support that is chosen is solid follows the following characteristic method.

a) Prepare the support with the dimensions and location of the wall that we want to build. The material of which the support is made should be lightweight, easily moldable, cut-out and drilled.

b) Drills with the dimensions and shapes that the connectors of the walls are to have are practiced to said support. The section of the drill coincides with that of the future connector and its depth with the length of the connector.

c) The reinforcements of the future connectors are inserted through the drills. The armors have pins for their overlap with the reinforcements of the walls. d) Next, the reinforcements of each of the future walls are attached and fixed to each face of the support.

e) Then proceed to bend and overlap, or weld the pins of the reinforcements of the connectors with the reinforcements of the walls.

f) Once all the reinforcements are placed and overlapped on the support and it is correctly placed according to the form that the facing must have, concrete or mortar is projected, starting by filling the holes, thus forming the connectors, continuation

g) Concrete or mortar is projected against one of the faces of the support, covering the reinforcement and giving the thickness that is appropriate, thus constituting one of the walls.

h) Next, concrete or mortar is projected onto the other side of the support, covering the corresponding reinforcement and thus forming the second wall.

If the wall generating module is of three walls, the operations described above are done, except for the bending of the pins of the connector armors by the face where the third wall must be executed. A second support is then attached to the wall already constructed with the holes facing the protruding pins of the connectors executed so that the lugs, once the second support is placed, protrude through the holes thereof. Then the reinforcements of the third wall are attached. The protruding armor of the connectors with those of the third wall and proceeds to project concrete or mortar starting by filling the holes of the second support, and then on the exposed side of the second support covering the placed reinforcements and in this way the third wall is constituted. If said generator module of the invention has more walls, the operation is repeated until all of them are completed.

In an alternative way, the connectors, instead of performing them "in situ" as described above, can be prefabricated in the workshop. In this case, they are cylinders or prisms of concrete or reinforced mortar that have two or four holes parallel and close to both bases of said elements. When they arrive at the work, they are inserted into the holes of the support. The reinforcements of the walls are placed on both sides of the support and some tying bars are inserted through the holes of the connectors, overlapping the reinforcements placed on the future walls. The tie rods that are inserted into the connectors must be impregnated with resin so that these rods adhere to the concrete or mortar of the connector bore along the contact surface. Once all the prefabricated connectors and the reinforcements of the two walls are placed, concrete or mortar is projected on one side of the support thus forming the first wall, and then concrete or mortar is projected onto the second face of the support thereby forming the second wall.

The support instead of being solid as described above can also be constituted by two sheets of the selected material, separated at a certain distance being its hollow interior .. Both sheets have opposite holes and cylinders or hollow prisms that go from the drill from one sheet to the opposite from the other. Once the double sheet support with the specified dimensions of the wall to be built is made, the reinforcements of the future connectors are introduced by the hollow prisms or cylinders. The reinforcements of the future walls are placed on each outer face of the support, the temples of the connectors are bent overlapping them with the reinforcements of both walls, and concrete or mortar is then projected, starting by filling the cylinders or prisms and continuing projecting concrete or mortar successively on one side and then on the other side of the support.

In the empty space between the walls can be installed various pipelines such as water pipes, electricity, etc. Also this space if it is vertical, the wall can be filled with earth to form a planter. If the wall is horizontal, the gap between walls can be filled with gravel to give greater weight that can be interesting in footings of walls, slabs of foundation or other type of structural elements. The separation between walls of the present generator module of the invention can be variable. Said walls can present any curvature. Before the hardening of the concrete or mortar begins, if necessary, it can be cut, trowel or give the surface finish corresponding to each wall.

It is also possible to make a wall according to the present invention when there is no access to one of the sides of the wall to be built. A first support is prepared without any hole with the shape of the wall to be built, this first support, it can even be the wall of the wall. an excavation if this is the case, then the armature of the first wall and the reinforcements of the connectors are placed on this support. Then proceed to project concrete or mortar with the first wall being constituted. Subsequently, a second support, either solid or double laminated, is attached to this first wall. This second support has the holes so that when attaching it to the first wall already executed, the reinforcements of the connectors are introduced by the holes and protrude through them. Then the reinforcements of the second wall are placed. The arms of the connectors are doubled and overlapped with the reinforcements of the second wall, and concrete or mortar is then projected, filling the holes and covering the reinforcements of the second wall, thus also leaving it finished.

When it is desired to use the generator module of the invention of a double wall of concrete or reinforced mortar as reinforcement of an existing structure, instead of demolishing it and building a new one, either because it is very damaged or damaged; or that you want to change its use and increase the burdens that must be borne; The characteristic reinforcement method is as follows:

a) First of all, the structure is built in such a way that it is possible to work safely, it is the building itself that will act as a support for the projection of concrete or mortar.

b) According to the design of the reinforcement, a series of holes are made in all the walls that must be reinforced.

c) The connectors of the connectors are inserted through these holes.

d) Next, they are fixed on each face of the facing to reinforce the reinforcements corresponding to each wall of the designed reinforcement.

e) Bend the connectors of the connectors on each face of the facing, overlapping them with the corresponding reinforcements placed on each wall. f) Concrete or mortar is projected, starting by filling in the holes, the connectors are executed, then concrete or mortar is projected on one face of the facing, covering the existing reinforcement and thus making the first wall.

g) Concrete or mortar is then projected onto the second face of the wall leaving the second wall finished.

Alternatively, for this reinforcement application the connectors can be prefabricated in the workshop. In this case, the method of work is similar, only that the introduction of the reinforcement of the connectors and the bending of the pins, is replaced by the introduction of the prefabricated connectors, and the introduction of tie rods impregnated with adhesive resin by the holes that have the prefabricated connectors in both bases, overlapping these tie rods with the reinforcements of the respective wall. Finally we proceed to project concrete or mortar on both sides.

In this way, the old work is embedded between the manufactured double wall that constitutes the reinforcement made.

Applications of the generator module of the invention.

The industrial application of the generator module of walls of double or multiple walls of concrete or reinforced mortar is concentrated mainly in the construction of both buildings and civil works. With it you can build all kinds of structural elements, paraments and architectural forms that are used in building and civil works.

With it, the generator module of the present invention can be made within the building field: foundation slabs, basement walls, load-bearing walls, enclosing walls, space separation walls, pillars, beams, girders, slabs, roofs all kinds, corbels, vaults, domes etc.

The applications in civil works of the generator module of paraments of the invention are in addition to those mentioned above the construction of liquid storage tanks, earth retaining walls, drawers for seaport dams, abutments, piers and viaduct bridge decks or aqueducts, reservoirs of water of gravity as well as arc or vault, lining of tunnels and galleries, and in general forming any structure or part of it. In the sector of the construction of prefabricated reinforced concrete pieces in the workshop for their transfer and placement in the works, with the present generator module of the invention can be constructed any of the elements that are usually made. You can build self-supporting panels, forged, pillars and piles, girders, plates, slabs etc. These pieces can have the dimensions and shapes that are required.

The present element is very useful as a reinforcement system for damaged structures, both buildings and civil works.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 presents the generator module of the present invention of double-walled concrete or reinforced mortar.

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a piece of facing (the support is omitted), made with the generator module of the invention.

Figure 3 represents the support of double sheet with nine prisms or hollow cylinders corresponding to the piece of facing shown in Figure 2.

Figure 4 presents an alternative type of support, a solid support with nine holes made in the support, corresponding to the piece of facing shown in Figure 2.

Figure 5 shows a schematic plan view of the facing piece of Figure 2.

Figure 6 shows two details of the sections shown in Figure 5 in which a solid support is also represented.

Figure 7 shows the details of Figure 6 in case the support is double sheet. Figure 8 shows a perspective of all the reinforcements of the facing piece of Figure 2, both the reinforcements of the two walls, as well as those of the nine connectors. Figure 9 represents a plan view of the reinforcements of Figure 8.

Figure 10 shows the three connectors of the sections of Figure 5 with their reinforcements, and the two walls with their corresponding reinforcements.

Figure 1 1 represents the bracing according to the invention of the two walls by prefabricated concrete or reinforced mortar connectors.

Figure 12 illustrates the characteristic reinforcement method of an existing face.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Generator module of the invention Realization N ^Q 1. Components of the Generator Module

In Figure 1 is observed the generator module of walls of double wall of concrete or reinforced mortar of the present invention. The orientation of the element that can assume any possible direction is appreciated. The walls 1 and the connector 2 joining said walls 1 are observed, as well as the reinforcements 7 of the connector and the corresponding reinforcements 8 of said walls 1. The concrete or mortar material 9 used in said generator module is also indicated. In inclined or vertical walls the placement of concrete or mortar 9 is done by projection. In the horizontal walls or with low inclination can also be placed by pouring.

In Figure 2, additional information is provided showing in perspective a piece of facing made with the generator module of the invention. In the Figure only the concrete or mortar elements 9 are shown, the support having been suppressed, whether it be double sheet 4, or solid 5 (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). We can see the two walls 1 and three connectors 2 that are visible, while there are other six connectors 2 hidden by the upper wall.

Realization N ^Q 2. Types of supports

In Figure 3 the double sheet support 4 corresponding to the facing piece shown in Figure 2 is represented. It consists of two sheets 4, separated by nine prisms or hollow cylinders 3. The nine upper bases of the prisms or hollow cylinders 3 are seen, the inside of the six hollow prisms 3 and the three hollow cylinders 3 are seen, and the outside of three hollow cylinders 3 appears. Figure 4 presents another type of support corresponding to the piece of facing shown in Figure 2. It is in this case a solid support 5. The nine holes 6 made in the solid support 5 are appreciated, where six of them are of the prismatic type while the remaining three are of the cylindrical type. Realization N ^Q 3. Connectors

For the purposes of a better understanding of the invention, a schematic plan view of the facing piece of Figure 2 is presented in Figure 5. Two sections are presented, the section AB that does not cut any connector 2 and the section CD that cuts three connectors 2. Section AB shows with a scratch the area of concrete or mortar 9 cut by the section. In this case only the two walls 1 of the facing piece have been cut. The scratching of the CD section shows that this section has cut the concrete or mortar of the two walls 1 and that of the three connectors 2. More detailed information of the generator module of the invention of double wall can be seen in Figure 6, which presents two details of the sections AB and CD of Figure 5 when using a solid support 5. In the first detail corresponding to section AB of Figure 5 it is observed how said section AB does not cut through the concrete or mortar 9 of the connector 2 yes it does for the solid support 5 completely and also affects the walls 1. In the second detail, corresponding to the CD section, it is observed how said section CD cuts the concrete or mortar 9 of the connector 2.

For the same detailed information of the double-wall generator module 1, two details of the sections AB and CD of Figure 5 can be seen in Figure 7, when using a double-sheet support 4 of the invention. The first detail corresponds to the section AB that does not cut the connector 2. The double sheet 4 can be seen. The second detail corresponds to the CD section that cuts the connector 2, where the double sheet 4 and the hollow prism 3 can be seen .

Realization N ^Q 4. Armor It is possible to visualize in Figure 8 a perspective of all the reinforcements of the facing piece of Figure 2. Both the reinforcements 8 of the two walls and the reinforcements 7 of the nine connectors 2 appear. An additional view of the reinforcements is shown in FIG. Figure 9 in which a plan view of Figure 8 is presented. The reinforcements 8 of the upper wall 1 and the reinforcements 7 of the nine connectors 2 are shown.

In Figure 10 the three connectors 2 of the sections of Figure 5 are shown. The reinforcement 7 of the connectors 2 and the reinforcements 8 of the walls 1 are shown in the lower detail. It can be seen in the upper drawing of this Figure the arrangement of the reinforcements 7 and 8 respectively, so that a strong connection between the two walls 1 is achieved by means of said connectors 2. In the Figure also the concrete or mortar material 9 of the walls 1.

Realization N ^Q 5. Prefabricated concrete or reinforced mortar connectors

The connection of the two walls 1 of the generator module by means of prefabricated concrete or reinforced mortar connectors 10 is shown in Figure 11. The prefabricated connector 10 which can be cylindrical or prismatic, this last case is the one shown in the detail on the right of the Figure, is provided near each of its two bases of at least two parallel holes 14 thereto. In this case once the support is placed either double sheet 4 or solid 5 each prefabricated connector 10 is inserted by the hollow cylinders or prisms 3 if said support is double sheet 4 or by holes 6 of said support if it is solid 5. Next, the reinforcements 8 of the two walls 1 are placed and then the tie rods 1 1 are inserted through the holes 14 of both bases of the prefabricated connector 10. Previously each tie rod 1 1 has been impregnated with the resin 12 in the contact zone between said tie rod 1 1 and the corresponding hole 14 of the prefabricated connector 10. Said resin 12 guarantees the adhesion between the tie bars 1 1 and the prefabricated connector 10. Concrete or mortar 9 is then projected on both sides of the support, either of the laminar double wall 4 or solid 5 type, thus constituting said generator module of the invention. Realization N ^Q 6. Reinforcement of an existing face The characteristic reinforcement method of an existing facing 13 with the generator module of the invention is illustrated in Figure 12. The facing 13 can have a vertical, horizontal or inclined position, it can also have curvature. If necessary, firstly it is fastened in such a way that the following operations to be carried out are sufficiently safe. Drills 6a are then drilled in the wall 13 according to the reinforcement design carried out. The reinforcements 7 of the connectors 2 are then introduced by said bores 6a. The reinforcements 8 of the two future walls 1 of the reinforcement to be made are attached to each face of the facing 13. The bends of the reinforcements 7 of the connectors 2 are then bent, overlapping them with the reinforcements 8 of the walls 1. Finally begin to project concrete or mortar 9 starting by filling the holes 6a thus being made connectors 2 and continue projecting concrete or mortar 9 on one side of the face 13 and then on the other side having completed the reinforcement by the module generator of the invention. Once the concrete or mortar is cured 9 and old enough to achieve the necessary strength, the shoring of the structure is removed.

Method of use of the generator module Realization 7. General method

The general method to build is the following: The support is placed either double sheet 4 or solid 5 with the shape and dimensions of the whole wall of the building or part of it that we are going to execute. The reinforcements of each wall 8 are attached to each face of the support. They are introduced by the prisms or hollow cylinders 3 of the support if it is of double lamina 4, or by the holes 6 thereof if it is solid 5 the reinforcements of the connectors 7. The pins of the longitudinal reinforcements of the connectors are bent and overlap to the corresponding reinforcements 8 of each wall 1. Concrete or mortar 9 is projected by solidizing the prisms or hollow cylinders 3 if the support is of double sheet 4, or the holes 6 of the support if this is solid 5 with the connectors 2 being executed. Concrete or mortar 9 is still projected onto a face of the support and then on the other face until achieving the required thickness in each wall 1. If the generator module of the invention to be used is of three walls 1, the same previous method is followed except for bending the arms of the reinforcements 7 of the connectors 2 on the face of the support 4 or 5 in which we are going to execute the third wall 1. Then once the concrete or mortar 9 of the second wall 1 is projected, a second support is attached thereto so that the unfolded pins of the connectors run through the prisms or hollow cylinders 3 of the second support if it is double lamina 4, or through the holes 6 of the second support 5, if this is solid. Then the reinforcements 8 of the third wall 1 are placed. The pins of the connectors 2 are bent overlapping them with the reinforcements 8 of the third wall 1 and the hollow prisms or cylinders 3 of the second support are filled with concrete or mortar 9 if this is of double sheet 4, or the holes 6 of the second support 5 if it is solid and then concrete or mortar 9 is projected onto the exposed side of said second support 4 or 5, completing the third wall 1. If the Wall Generator Module has more walls, the previous method is repeated until all of them are completed. Before the concrete or mortar sets, it can be cut or framed if a certain smoothness is needed on the face of any wall 1.

Realization N ^Q 8. Method without access to one of the sides of the facing The method to build if you do not have access to the works to one of the sides of the facing is the following: A common support is placed not of the invention, without drill some, with the shape and dimensions of the wall to be built. The reinforcements of the first wall 8 and the reinforcements of the connectors 7 are placed. Concrete or mortar 9 is projected, the first wall 1 being executed. A second support is attached, whether it is double sheet 4 or solid 5 with the prisms or hollow cylinders 3 in the first case, or with the holes 6 in the second case so that the longitudinal reinforcements 7 of the connectors 2 pass through said prisms or hollow cylinders, or drills. The reinforcements of the second wall 8 are attached to this second support. The prongs of the longitudinal reinforcements of the connectors 7 are doubled and overlapped to the reinforcements of the second wall 8 and the prisms or cylinders are filled with concrete or mortar 9. holes 3 in the first case or holes 6 in the second case, the connectors 2 being executed and the concrete or mortar 9 continues to be projected onto the visible side of the support, the second wall 1 being executed.

Realization N ^Q 9. Method to build a wall attached to an excavation slope or an existing face

The method to build if it is a facing attached to an excavation slope or an existing face is as follows: The reinforcement of the first wall 8 and the reinforcements of the connectors are fixed to the slope of the excavation or to the existing face. projects concrete or mortar 9 on the slope or on the existing facing wall the reinforcements of the wall 8 completing in this way the first wall 1. A support is attached either double sheet 4 or solid 5 so that the longitudinal reinforcements of the connectors 7 pass through the prisms or hollow cylinders 3 if the support is double sheet 4, or through the holes 6 if the support is solid 5. The reinforcements of the second wall 8 are placed. The longitudinal reinforcements of the connectors 7 are folded and overlapped with those of the second wall 8. Concrete or mortar 9 is then projected by filling the prisms or hollow cylinders 3 or the holes 6 , depending on the type of support we are using, the connectors 2 being formed. Concrete or mortar 9 is still projected onto the exposed face of the support, completing the second wall 1.

Realization N ^Q 10. Method when the connectors are prefabricated

In this case the method to build a wall is as follows: The support is placed either double sheet 4 or solid 5 with the shape and dimensions of the whole wall of the building or part of it that we are going to execute. The reinforcements of each wall 8 are attached to each face of the support. They are introduced by the prisms or hollow cylinders 3 of the support if it is of double lamina 4 or by the holes 6 thereof if it is solid 5 the prefabricated connectors 10. the pre-fabricated connectors in both bases introduce the tie rods 1 1 impregnated with resin 12 in their central zone by the bores 14 having the prefabricated connectors. If the walls 1 carried a second grid of reinforcements 8, said second grills 8 are placed on each face of the support. Concrete or mortar 9 is projected on both sides of the support, either double sheet 4 or solid 5 to complete the thickness that each wall 1 must have.

Realization N ^Q 1 1. Method to reinforce a facing

The reinforcement method of an existing face 13, whether it is vertical or horizontal, inclined or with curvature, is as follows: If necessary, firstly it is fastened so that the following operations to be carried out are sufficiently secure. Drills 6a are made in said face 13 according to the reinforcement design made. The reinforcements of the connectors 7 are inserted through said holes 6a. The reinforcements of the two walls 8 are attached to each face of the facing 13. The arms of the connectors of the connectors 7 are bent, overlapping them with those of the walls 8. concrete or mortar 9 starting by filling the holes 6a, thus leaving the connectors 2 and continuing to project concrete or mortar 9 on one face of said wall 13 and then on the other side, the two walls 1 being finished. Once the concrete or mortar is cured 9 and old enough to achieve the necessary strength, the shoring of the structure is removed.

Realization N ^Q 12. Alternative method of reinforcement using prefabricated connectors

The method for reinforcing an existing face 13, whether it is vertical or horizontal, inclined or with curvature, is as follows: If necessary, firstly it is fastened so that the following operations to be carried out are sufficiently secure. Drills 6a are made in said face 13 according to the reinforcement design made. Attached to each face of said wall 13 are the reinforcements of the walls 8. The prefabricated connectors 10 are inserted through said bores 6a. The pre-fabricated connectors 14 are inserted through the bores 14 having the prefabricated connectors in both bases with the tie bars 1 1 impregnated with resin. 12 in its central zone. They are placed if they carry the second reinforcing grilles 8 of the walls 1. Concrete or mortar 9 is projected on both sides of the wall to be reinforced 13 until the thickness of each wall 1 is completed. Once the concrete or mortar 9 is old enough to achieve the necessary strength, the shoring of the structure is removed.

SUMMARY

Thus, the present invention provides inventive features, novel, with respect to the state of the art. It has developed the present generator module that has rigidity in all directions, being able to be used for the construction of any wall, however much it may be subjected to stresses. The generator module of the invention is much more versatile than any other that has preceded it in the state of the art since it can be used to make prefabricated panels such as Perrin, but can also be used directly in the works to perform any part of this. The walls may have curvature, as is the case of vaults, domes or any warped surface, both the separation between walls as the thickness of these can be variable which allows to adapt it at each point to the level of effort required in it. A material can be chosen to make the support with low thermal conductivity, then the wall constructed according to the present invention possesses characteristics of great thermal insulation. Even more, the constructions realized according to the invention are much more resistant to the efforts caused by the seismic movements than the conventional ones.

Claims

one . - Module that generates surfaces of flat or curved surfaces, such as plates, foundation slabs, slabs, roofs, vaults, domes, corbels, water tanks, retaining and load-bearing walls, enclosures, partitions, bridge decks; of linear structural character of straight or curved guideline as pillars, piles of bridges, beams and girders, of volumetric character as gravity dams or dams dam for water reservoirs, comprising walls (1); connectors built in situ (2) or prefabricated connectors (10); reinforcements (7) of said connectors (2) and (10), and reinforcements (8) of said walls (1); sheet support (4) with prisms or hollow cylinders (3) and solid support (5); holes (6) of said solid support (5), and bores (14) of said prefabricated connector (10) ;.

The generator module of paraments for all types of structural shapes according to claim 1 comprising at least two walls (1) joined or braced by said connectors built in situ (2) or prefabricated connectors (10), said walls being constituted (1) and said connectors, built in situ (2) or prefabricated (10), of reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete mortar (9); where the way of placing said concrete or mortar (9) is by projection or pouring.

3. The module generator of paramentos for all types of structural shapes according to claims 1 and 2, wherein the support (5) for the projection of concrete or mortar (9) is solid with holes (6) for connectors made in Situ (2) or for the prefabricated connectors (10); and in that said solid support (5) is constituted by polymeric material, concrete blocks, ceramic pieces, granular material or any other with sufficient mechanical strength for the solid support (5) of the construction object to be executed.

4. The generator module of paramentos for all types of structural shapes according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the support for the projection of concrete or mortar (9) is constituted by two sheets (4) provided with facing holes and the interior space between said two sheets (4) is hollow, said sheets (4) being separated by prisms or hollow cylinders (3) with the same width as the holes of the sheets to house said connectors (2) executed in situ or prefabricated (10) ; and in that said sheets (4) and prisms or hollow cylinders (3) of the support are constituted by boards; plywood; agglomerates of wood or cardboard; polymeric material reinforced or not with glass, polymeric or carbon fibers; metallic material ;; or any other material with sufficient mechanical strength for the support of sheets (4) of the construction object to be executed.

The generator module of paramentos for all types of structural shapes according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcements (8) of each wall (1) consist of a single or double grid of steel bars; and the reinforcements (7) of the connectors (2) consist of steel bars, located in a first longitudinal arrangement and in a second transversal arrangement in the form of fences; or in that said reinforcements (7) of said connectors (2), and said reinforcements (8) of said walls (1) are made of polymeric, metallic material; glass, carbon, vegetable fibers; or of any material with sufficient mechanical strength for the construction object to be executed ...

6. The module generator of paramentos for all types of structural shapes according to claims 1 and 5 characterized in that the bending of the tabs of said reinforcement (7) longitudinal arrangement of the connectors (2) is made inward or outward.

The generator module of paraments for all types of structural shapes according to claims 1 and 2 characterized by having two or more walls of reinforced concrete or mortar joined by prefabricated connectors (10) that are made of polymeric material; metal; wood; carbon fibers, resin reinforced with glass fibers; or any other type of material with sufficient mechanical strength for the construction object to be executed.

8. Method of employment of the facade generator module for all types of structural shapes according to claims 1 to 7 which consists of the following steps:

a) Place the double sheet (4) or solid support (5) with the shape and dimensions of the complete face to be executed;

b) Attach the reinforcements of each wall (8) to each side of said double sheet (4) or solid (5) support;

c) Insert the reinforcements (7) of the connectors (2) by the prisms or hollow cylinders (3) of said double sheet support (4), or by the holes (6) of said solid support (5);

d) Fold and overlap the lugs of the longitudinal reinforcements (7) of the connectors (2) to the corresponding reinforcements (8) of each wall (1); Execute the connectors (2) projecting concrete or mortar (9) and solidifying the prisms or hollow cylinders (3) of the double sheet support (4), or the holes (6) of the solid support (5);

Projecting concrete or mortar (9) on one side of said supports of double sheet (4), or solid (5), and then on the other side until achieving the required thickness for each wall (1);

Trim or trowel before the concrete or mortar sets (9) if a certain smoothness is needed on the face of any wall (1)

9.- The method of employment of the facade generator module for all types of structural shapes for three or more walls according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the method of claim 8 is executed, with the exception of step (d), where the temples of the reinforcements (7) of the connectors (2) of the side of said supports of double sheet (4), or solid (5) are folded, on which said third wall (1) will be executed; and because once the concrete or mortar (9) of the second wall (1) has been projected, a second double sheet (4) or solid (5) support is attached to said second wall (1), so that untwisted pins of said connectors (2) are introduced by the prisms or hollow cylinders (3) of the second double sheet support (4) or by the holes (6) of the second solid support (5); and then the reinforcements (8) of said third wall (1) are placed; then the pins of the reinforcements (7) of said connectors (2) are bent, overlapping them with the reinforcements (8) of said third wall (1); and the prisms or hollow cylinders (3) of said second double sheet support (4), or the holes (6) of said second solid support (5) are then filled with concrete or mortar (9) and then concrete is projected or mortar (9) on the exposed side of said second supports of double sheet (4) or solid (5) completing said third wall (1); and where if a certain smoothness is needed in the visible side of some wall (1) it can be cut or trowel before the concrete or mortar sets (9); and still because if said generator module has even more walls (1) the method is repeated until all said walls are made.

1 0. The method of employment of the facade generator module for all types of structural shapes without access to one of the sides of the facing according to claims 1 to 8, which consists of the following steps:

a) Place a first support without a hole or any hole with the shape and dimensions of the wall to be built.

b) Fit the reinforcements (8) of the first wall (1) and the reinforcements (7) of the connectors (2). c) Project concrete or mortar (9) to execute said first wall (1).

d) Attach a second support of double sheet (4) or solid (5) with the corresponding prisms or hollow cylinders (3) or holes (6) respectively, so that the longitudinal reinforcements (7) of the connectors (2) by said prisms or hollow cylinders (3), or respective holes (6).

e) Attach to said second support of double sheet (4) or solid (5) the reinforcements (8) of the second wall (1).

f) Fold and overlap the pins of the longitudinal reinforcements (7) of the connectors

(2) to the reinforcements (8) of said second wall (1), and

g) Execute the connectors (2) filling with concrete or mortar (9) by projecting or pouring said prisms or hollow cylinders (3) of said double sheet support (4) or holes (6) of said solid support (5), Y

h) Projecting concrete or mortar (9) on the visible side of said solid support (5) or double sheet (4), until fully executing said second wall (1).

eleven . The method of employment of the facade generator module for all types of structural foundations for a facing attached to an existing excavation slope or wall according to claims 1 to 8, which consists of the following steps:

a) Fix the reinforcement (8) of the first wall (1) and the reinforcements (7) of the connectors (2) to the slope of the existing excavation or wall.

b) Projecting concrete or mortar (9) on the existing slope or parament covering said reinforcements (8) until completing said wall (1).

c) Attach a double sheet (4) or solid (5) support so that the longitudinal reinforcements (7) of the connectors (2) pass through the hollow prisms or cylinders

(3) of said double sheet support (4) or by the holes (6) of said solid support (5)

d) Place said reinforcements (8) of the second wall (1).

e) Folding and overlapping said longitudinal reinforcements (7) of the connectors (2) with said reinforcements (8) of said second wall (1).

f) Projecting concrete or mortar (9) by filling said prisms or hollow cylinders (3) of said double sheet support (4), or said bores (6) of said solid support (5), until these connectors are completely constituted (2) .

g) Continue the projection of said concrete or mortar (9) on the exposed side of said double sheet (4) or solid support (5) completing said second wall (1).

12. The method of employment of the facade generator module for all types of structural shapes by prefabricated connectors according to claims 1 to 8 which consists of the following steps:

a) Place said support of double sheet (4) or solid (5) with the shape and dimensions of the wall to be built.

b) Attach to each side of said double sheet (4) or solid support (5) the reinforcements (8) of each wall (1).

c) Inserting the prefabricated connectors (10) by the prisms or hollow cylinders (3) of said double sheet support (4), or by the holes (6) of said solid support (5).

d) Insert the tie rods (1 1), impregnated in their central area with the resin (12), by the holes (14) that have the prefabricated connectors (10) in both said bases.

e) Place, if applicable, a second reinforcing bar (8) of said walls (1). f) Projecting concrete or mortar (9) on both sides of said support of double sheet (4) or solid (5) until completing the thickness specified for each wall (1) -

13. The method of use of the wall generator module for all types of building structures and civil works to reinforce existing vertical, horizontal, inclined or curved walls according to claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:

a) Set up so that the following operations are sufficiently secure.

b) Drill holes (6a) in the facing (13) to be reinforced according to the reinforcement design made.

c) Inserting said bores (6a) of said face (13) to reinforce the reinforcements (7) of the connectors (2).

d) Attach to each face of said facing (13) the reinforcements (8) of the two walls (1).

e) Fold the lugs of said reinforcements (7) of said connectors (2) overlapping them with the lugs of said reinforcements (8) of the walls (1).

f) Projecting concrete or mortar (9) starting by filling said bores (6a), said connectors (2) of said face (13) to be reinforced; and g) Finishing the two walls (1) projecting concrete or mortar (9) on one face of said wall (13), and then on the other. h) Remove the shoring of the structure once the concrete or mortar has been cured (9) and old enough to achieve the necessary strength.

14. The method of using the facade generator module for all types of structural shapes for reinforcing with prefabricated connectors an existing vertical, horizontal, inclined or curved facing according to claims 1 to 8, and 13 consisting of the following steps:

a) Set up so that the following operations are sufficiently secure.

c) Attach to each face of said wall (13) the reinforcements (8) of the two walls (1) - d) Insert the prefabricated connectors (10) through said holes (6a).

e) Insert by the holes (14) of said prefabricated connectors (10) in both bases the tie rods (11) impregnated with resin (12) in its central zone. f) Place if required the second reinforcing bar (8) of the walls (1). g) Project concrete or mortar (9) on both sides of said wall (13) to be reinforced until completing the thickness that each wall must have (1).

h) Remove the shoring of the structure once the concrete or mortar has been cured (9) and old enough to achieve the necessary strength.

fifteen.-. The method of employment of the facade generating module according to claims 13 and 14 to reinforce all types of structures both for building and civil works.

16. - The method of employment of the facade generator module according to claims 8 to 10 and 12 for making load-bearing walls, retaining walls, enclosing walls, space separation walls, pillars, slabs, plates, sheets, covers, corbels, vaults, and domes; and in civil works to perform stirrups; piles, and bridge boards; frames and vaults for underpasses of roads and railway lines; walls, frames and vaults for channeling ravines and rivers; liquid containment tanks; walls and caissons for port docks; reservoirs of water reservoir, whether of the gravity type or vaults.

17. - The method of employment of the facade generator module according to claims 8 to 12 for making foundation slabs and retaining walls; and in the civil work to make buried or semi-buried deposits of liquid containment, galleries and tunnels and bridge abutments.

18.- The method of employment of the tower generator module according to claims 8 to 12 for the prefabrication in workshop and assembly on site of self-supporting panels, slabs, roofs, corbels, pillars, beams, girders, plates, slabs, vaults, walls , frames, tubes and pipes of large diameter, complete modules of prefabricated houses, domes, voussoirs for piles and bridge decks, voussoirs for lining tunnels and galleries.