Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
  • A61P27/14—Decongestants or antiallergics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for treating skin diseases and skin conditions in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering a
• composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of 7-(1 H- imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline or the enantiomers thereof, or the tautomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Alpha adrenergic receptors Three alpha 1 and three alpha 2 adrenergic receptors have been characterized by molecular and pharmacological methods. Activation of these alpha receptors evokes physiological responses having useful therapeutic actions.
• Alpha adrenergic agonists act on the peripheral vasculature to cause vasoconstriction and thereby ameliorate the symptoms of inflammatory skin disorders, including erythema or redness.
• Alpha adrenergic agonists are useful for ocular mucosal tissue to treat conjunctival redness (hyperemia), for nasal mucosa, as a decongestant for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, and for rectal mucosal administration suitable for treating and curing hemorrhoids.
• U.S. Patent No. 6,680,062 discloses topical cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of the skin.
• U.S. Patent No. 7,812,049 discloses a method for treating erythema resulting from rosacea comprising oxymetazoline.
• Oxymetazoline is a selective alpha-1 agonist and partial alpha-2 agonist topical decongestant.
• Compound 7-(1 H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline is known as a potent alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptor pan agonist.
• the racemic mixture and the two enantiomers of 7-(1 H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline are disclosed in U.S.
• U.S. Patent Number 7,943,641 discloses a composition comprising (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline for the treatment of glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
• compositions of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H- lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline are useful for the treatment of skin diseases and skin conditions.
• the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing as active ingredient 7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline for treatment of skin diseases and skin conditions.
• the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing as active ingredient (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- quinoline for treatment of skin diseases and skin conditions.
• the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing as active ingredient (R)-(-)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- quinoline for treatment of skin diseases and skin conditions.
• the present invention relates to a method for treating skin diseases in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of 7-(1 H-lmidazol-4- ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention relates to a method for treating skin diseases in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol- 4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention relates to a method for treating skin diseases in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of (R)-(-)-7-(1 H-lmidazol- 4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention relates to a method for improving skin diseases in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering a
• composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of 7-(1 H- lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention relates to a method for improving skin diseases in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering a
• composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of (S)-(+)- 7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention relates to a method for improving skin diseases in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering a
• composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of (R)-(-)- 7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compound may be administered through different routes, including but not limited to, topical dermatological application of an effective dose, direct injection, or formulations that may further enhance the long duration of action such as slow releasing pellets, suspensions, gels, solutions, creams, ointments, foams, emulsions, microemulsions, milks, patches, serums, aerosols, sprays, dispersions,
• microcapsules such as any suitable drug delivery system known in the art.
• Figure 1 shows topical (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- quinoline inhibits 37°C-induced cutaneous vessel dilation in rat paws for at least 4 hrs post-treatment following a single application and for at least 6 hrs post-treatment following 4 daily applications.
• Figure 2 shows the rate of percutaneous absorption as the flux of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H- lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline that appears in the receptor solution under the skin in an ex vivo human trunk skin preparation
• Figure 3 shows the distribution of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline following a 48 hour dose exposure to ex vivo human trunk skin as a mass recovered
• Figure 4 shows Inhibition of LL-37-induced mouse skin inflammation after topical treatment with (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline
• Figure 5 shows reduction of UVB-induced mouse skin erythema (redness) for at least 48 hrs following treatment with(S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline.
• Figure 6 shows reduction of UVB-induced cutaneous vessel dilation in mouse ears for at least 48 hrs following treatment with(S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline.
• Figure 7 shows reduction of tactile hypersensitivity in UVB exposed mouse skin 4 hrs following treatment with(S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- quinoline.
• a method for treating skin diseases and skin conditions in a patient in need thereof which comprises, consists essentially of or consists of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising, consisting essentially of or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of 7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline, or the enantiomers thereof, or the tautomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• a method for treating skin diseases and skin conditions in a patient in need thereof which comprises, consists essentially of or consists of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising, consisting essentially of or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline, or the tautomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• a method for treating skin diseases and skin conditions in a patient in need thereof which comprises, consists essentially of or consists of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising, consisting essentially of or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of (R)-(-)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline, or the tautomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• skin diseases any condition, complaint or affliction associated with the listed diseases.
• Skin conditions which result in rosacea can be induced by intake of spicy food, of alcohol, of chocolate, of hot or alcoholic drinks, temperature variations, heat, exposure to ultraviolet or infrared radiation, exposure to low relative humidity, exposure of the skin to strong winds or currents of air, exposure of the skin to surfactants, irritants, irritant dermatological topical agents, and cosmetics or psychological stress.
• the actual amount of the compound to be administered in any given case will be determined by a physician taking into account the relevant circumstances, such as the severity of the condition, the age and weight of the patient, the patient's general physical condition, the cause of the condition, and the route of administration.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprising, consisting essentially of or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of 4-bromo-N-(imidazolidin-2- ylidene)-1 H-benzimidazol-5-amine, is selected from topical skin application comprising suspensions, gels, solutions, creams, lotions, ointments, foams, emulsions, microemulsions, milks, serums, aerosols, sprays, dispersions, microcapsules, vesicles, microparticles, wet cloths, dry cloths, facial cloths, applications and formulations that may further enhance the long duration of actions such as a slow releasing pellets, direct injection, or sustained delivery devices such as any suitable drug delivery systems known in the art.
• Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be used for the topical administration including solutions, gels, lotions creams, ointments, foams, mousses, emulsions,
• microemulsions milks, serums, aerosols, sprays, dispersions, patches, micelles, liposomes, microcapsules, vesicles and microparticles thereof.
• Emulsions such as creams and lotions that can be used as topical carriers and their preparation are disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy 282- 291 (Alfonso R. Gennaro Ed. 19 th ed. 1995) hereby incorporated herein by
• Suitable gels for use in the invention are disclosed in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy 1517-1518 (Alfonso R. Gennaro Ed. 19 th ed. 1995) hereby incorporated herein by reference.
• Other suitable gels for use within the invention are disclosed in U .S. Pat. No. 6,387,383, U .S. Pat. No. 6,517,847 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,468,989.
• a method for improving skin diseases by administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition containing as active ingredient 7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- quinoline, including but not limited to: rosacea, rosacea fulminans, sunburn, psoriasis, menopause-associated hot flashes, flushing and redness associated with hot flashes, erythema associated with hot flashes, hot flashes resulting from orchiectomyatopic dermatitis, treatment of redness and itch from insect bites, photoaging, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, allergic dermatitis, telangiectasia (dilations of previously existing small blood vessels ) of the face, angioectasias, rhinophyma (hypertrophy of the nose with follicular dilation), acne-like skin eruptions (may ooze or crust), burning or stinging sensation
• a method for improving skin diseases by administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition containing as active ingredient (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- quinoline, including but not limited to: rosacea, rosacea fulminans, sunburn, psoriasis, menopause-associated hot flashes, flushing and redness associated with hot flashes, erythema associated with hot flashes, hot flashes resulting from orchiectomyatopic dermatitis, treatment of redness and itch from insect bites, photoaging, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, allergic dermatitis, telangiectasia (dilations of previously existing small blood vessels ) of the face, angioectasias, rhinophyma (hypertrophy of the nose with follicular dilation), acne-like skin eruptions (may ooze or crust
• a method for improving skin diseases by administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition containing as active ingredient (R)-(-)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- quinoline, including but not limited to: rosacea, rosacea fulminans, sunburn, psoriasis, menopause-associated hot flashes, flushing and redness associated with hot flashes, erythema associated with hot flashes, hot flashes resulting from orchiectomyatopic dermatitis, treatment of redness and itch from insect bites, photoaging, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, allergic dermatitis, telangiectasia (dilations of previously existing small blood vessels ) of the face, angioectasias, rhinophyma (hypertrophy of the nose with follicular dilation), acne-like skin eruptions (may ooze or crust
• a method of decreasing the irritation of skin associated with rosacea treatment regimen of topically applied a therapeutically effective amount of 7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- quinoline the method of treating telangiectasia or angioectasias with a
• a method of decreasing the irritation of skin associated with rosacea treatment regimen of topically applied a therapeutically effective amount of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline the method of treating telangiectasia or angioectasias with a therapeutically effective amount of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline, and therefore, it also includes the method of reducing redness associated with the appearance of rosacea.
• a method of decreasing the irritation of skin associated with rosacea treatment regimen of topically applied a therapeutically effective amount of (R)-(-)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline the method of treating telangiectasia or angioectasias with a therapeutically effective amount of (R)-(-)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline, and therefore, it also includes the method of reducing redness associated with the appearance of rosacea.
• a method for treating skin diseases including but not limited to: rosacea induced by intake of spicy food, chocolate, alcohol, hot or alcoholic drinks, temperature variations, heat, exposure to ultraviolet or infrared radiation, exposure to low relative humidity, exposure of the skin to strong winds or currents of air, exposure of the skin to surfactants, irritants, irritant dermatological topical agents, and cosmetics or psychological stress.
• an article of manufacture comprising packaging material and a pharmaceutical agent contained within said packaging material, wherein the pharmaceutical agent is therapeutically effective for treating a skin disease and wherein the packaging material comprises a label which indicates the pharmaceutical agent can be used for treating a skin disease and wherein said pharmaceutical agent comprises an effective amount of 7-(1 H-lmidazol- 4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline or a salt thereof.
• an article of manufacture comprising packaging material and a pharmaceutical agent contained within said packaging material, wherein the pharmaceutical agent is therapeutically effective for treating a skin disease and wherein the packaging material comprises a label which indicates the pharmaceutical agent can be used for treating a skin disease and wherein said pharmaceutical agent comprises an effective amount of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H- lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline or a salt thereof.
• an article of manufacture comprising packaging material and a pharmaceutical agent contained within said packaging material, wherein the pharmaceutical agent is therapeutically effective for treating a skin disease and wherein the packaging material comprises a label which indicates the pharmaceutical agent can be used for treating a skin disease and wherein said pharmaceutical agent comprises an effective amount of (R)-(-)-7-(1 H- lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline or a salt thereof.
• a method for treating ocular diseases and conditions in a patient in need thereof which comprises, consists essentially of or consists of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising, consisting essentially of or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of 7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- quinoline, or the enantiomers thereof, or the tautomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• a method for treating ocular diseases and conditions in a patient in need thereof which comprises, consists essentially of or consists of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising, consisting essentially of or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline, or the tautomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• a method for treating ocular diseases and conditions in a patient in need thereof which comprises, consists essentially of or consists of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising, consisting essentially of or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of (R)-(-)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline, or the tautomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Ocular diseases and conditions which may be treated with pharmaceutical compositions containing as active ingredient 7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline or its enantiomers either: (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline or (R)-(-)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- quinoline include, but are not limited to: ocular rosacea, pterygium, redness, hyperemia, conjunctival hyperemia, corneal neovascularization, ocular cicatricial pemphygoid and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
• the (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline compound has physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties that are beneficial for sustained activity, particularly when the drug is delivered continuously (e.g. to the skin by a dermal patch).
• “Pharmaceutical composition,” as used here, means a composition that is suitable for administering to human patients for disease treatment.
• the compound of the invention is formulated as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt which further includes one or more organic or inorganic carriers or excipients suitable for dermatological applications.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may include one or more skin-penetrating agents, moisturizers, preservatives, gelling agents, protective agents, oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water, and oil-in-water-in- silicon emulsions.
• the pharmaceutical composition may comprise excipients, binders, lubricants, solvents, disintegrants, or enhancers of cutenous penetration and will be administered preferably topically.
• the active ingredient is used in an amount of about 0.01 % up to about 20% and preferably about 0.1 % to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free base and which are obtained by reaction with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, or an organic acid such as for example, acetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, propanoic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, tannic acid, pamoic acid, citric acid, methylsulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid,
• the pharmaceutical composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of 7-(1 H- lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline is selected from topical skin application, direct injection, applications and formulations that may further enhance the long duration of actions such as a slow releasing pellet, suspension, gel, solution, cream, ointment, foams, emulsions, microemulsions, milks, serums, aerosols, sprays, dispersions, microcapsules, vesicles, microparticles, wet cloths, dry cloths, facial cloths.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of (R) -(- )-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline is selected from topical skin application, direct injection, applications and formulations that may further enhance the long duration of actions such as a slow releasing pellet, suspension, gel, solution, cream, ointment, foams, emulsions, microemulsions, milks, serums, aerosols, sprays, dispersions, microcapsules, vesicles, microparticles, wet cloths, dry cloths, facial cloths.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a therapeutically effective amount of (S)-(+)- 7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline is selected from topical skin application, direct injection, applications and formulations that may further enhance the long duration of actions such as a slow releasing pellet, suspension, gel, solution, lotion, cream, ointment, foams, emulsions, microemulsions, milks, serums, aerosols, sprays, dispersions, microcapsules, vesicles, microparticles, wet cloths, soaps, cleansing bars, dry cloths, facial cloths.
• the present invention may be used in conjunction with rosacea treatments of topically applied agents such as macrocyclic lactones of the avermectin family, macrolides known as milbemycins, other alpha 1 or alpha 2 receptor agonists, retinoids, phytosphingosine, green tea extract, azaleic acid.
• topically applied agents such as macrocyclic lactones of the avermectin family, macrolides known as milbemycins, other alpha 1 or alpha 2 receptor agonists, retinoids, phytosphingosine, green tea extract, azaleic acid.
• topically applied agents such as macrocyclic lactones of the avermectin family, macrolides known as milbemycins, other alpha 1 or alpha 2 receptor agonists, retinoids, phytosphingosine, green tea extract, azaleic acid.
• the present invention may also be used in conjunction with other classes of compounds such as:
• Antimicrobials such as antiparasitic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral
• Metronidazole ivermectin, clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline;
• Steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, cyclosporine A
• Antimycobacterial agents such as dapsone
• Antioxidants such as Vitamins C, E, quercetin, resveratrol
• alpha agonists such as brimonidine, oxymetazoline, clonidine
• Beta blockers (such as nadolol, propanolol, carvedilol);
• Retinoids such as tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene, isotretinoin, retinaldehyde
• Antifungal agents such as imidazole derivatives, ployene compounds, allylamine compounds
• Serine protease (kallikrein) inhibitors such as aminocaproic acid
• Rosacea can be triggered by heat exposure.
• the physiological sympathetic nervous system-mediated response to body cooling is cutaneous vasoconstriction and the response to body warming is cutaneous vasodilation, a-adrenergic agonists that act on the sympathetic nervous system outflow can regulate cutaneous blood flow in response to temperature changes.
• LDP laser Doppler flowmetry technique
• the % blood flow inhibition is calculated as the % difference in the AUC of peak 1 (first 8 min heating and cooling interval) of the laser doppler recordings between the drug-treated and vehicle-treated paws. Data are the mean % inhibition values from 8-10 rats per group.
• topical (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline can inhibit heat-induced cutaneous blood vessel dilation (or overall cutaneous blood flow) in rats, and the effect of one topical application (15 ⁇ of a 0.1 % gel) lasts for at least 4 hours. There is an extended duration of at least 6 hrs following 4-day repeat dosing.
• Human, ex vivo, trunk skin was cut into multiple smaller sections large enough to fit on nominal 2 cm 2 static Franz diffusion cells.
• the dermal receptor compartment was filled to capacity with receptor solution consisting of 0.1 X phosphate buffered solution with 0.1 % Oleth-20, and the epidermal chamber (chimney) is left open to ambient laboratory environment.
• the cells were placed in a diffusion apparatus in which the receptor solution in contact with the underside of the dermis was stirred magnetically at -600 RPM and its temperature maintained to achieve a skin surface temperature of 32.0 ⁇ 1 .0 °C.
• the skin was tape stripped to remove the stratum corneum.
• the tape strips were extracted overnight in acetonitrile and analyzed for content of the compound of interest.
• the skin was then removed from the diffusion cell, split into epidermis and dermis, and each skin sample extracted overnight in 50%:50% (v/v) ethanol/water or 50%:50% (v/v) methanol water for epidermis and dermis, respectively.
• the skin section samples were analyzed for content of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H- lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline. All samples were stored at ⁇ -20 °C ( ⁇ 15 °C) pending analysis. Quantitation of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline was analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (PLC/MS).
• Figure 2 shows the rate of percutaneous absorption as the flux of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H- lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline that appears in the receptor solution under the skin after a 0.58% (w/w) dose.
• Figure 3 shows the distribution of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline in each skin layer following a 48 hour dose exposure of a 0.58% (w/w) dose to ex vivo human trunk skin as a mass recovered.
• Rosacea skin is associated with increased levels of LL-37 cathelicidin compared to normal skin. Intradermal injection of LL-37 into mice induces skin inflammation that is similar to that seen in rosacea skin (Yamasaki 2007).
• Figure 4 shows statistically significant inhibition of LL-37-induced skin inflammation at 6 and 9 hrs after topical treatment with (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline.
• the data are the mean values from 9-10 mice per group.
• Rosacea can be triggered by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Exposure of hairless mice to UVB irradiation results in a sunburn-like response characterized by erythema, cutaneous blood vessel dilation, tactile hypersensitivity and inflammation that persists for at least 48 hrs.
• Vasculature area in the exposed and unexposed ears by image analysis of digital photos using ImagePro Premier (Media Cybernetics) software. Images are converted to gray-scale, expanded and thresholding, based on each ear's baseline pixel values, is applied to the images. Thresholding differentiates the desired "object” features (i.e. vasculature network) from the background (i.e. skin tissue).
• object features i.e. vasculature network
• background i.e. skin tissue
• object pixels are then quantified and reported as the vasculature area.
• Tactile hypersensitivity assessment using a paint brush test The hypersensitivity is assessed by light stroking of the flank of the mice with a small paint brush every 5 min over 35 min. The behavioral response is scored as follows: 0, no response; 1 , mild squeaking with attempts to move away from the brush; 2, vigorous squeaking evoked by the brush, biting at the brush and strong efforts to escape. The scores at the eight time points are summed so the maximum hypersensitivity score for each mouse can be 16. The exposed (right) and unexposed (left) flanks were scored independently.
• Figure 5 shows that topical dosing of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline to the back 30 min following UVB exposure results in a statistically significant reduction of erythema (measured with a chromameter) to nearly baseline levels that lasts for at least 48 hrs. Data are the mean of values from 6 mice per group.
• Figure 6 shows that topical dosing of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline to the ear 30 min following UVB exposure results in statistically significant cutaneous vasoconstriction (measured as a reduction of cutaneous vasculature area) to nearly baseline levels that lasts for at least 48 hrs. Data are the mean of values from 6 mice per group.
• Figure 7 shows that topical dosing of (S)-(+)-7-(1 H-lmidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydro-quinoline to the back 30 min following UVB exposure results in a statistically significant reduction of tactile hypersensitivity (scored by the response to stroking with a paint brush) assessed 4 hrs following UVB irradiation. There was a reduction in hypersensitivity on both the UV-exposed and control sides. Data are the mean of values from 6 mice per group.

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• 2012
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• 2016
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