WO2013056521A1 - 基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备 - Google Patents
基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013056521A1 WO2013056521A1 PCT/CN2012/070322 CN2012070322W WO2013056521A1 WO 2013056521 A1 WO2013056521 A1 WO 2013056521A1 CN 2012070322 W CN2012070322 W CN 2012070322W WO 2013056521 A1 WO2013056521 A1 WO 2013056521A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
- H04B2203/5416—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines by adding signals to the wave form of the power source
Definitions
- Power line carrier communication technology is a communication method for transmitting data information by using a power line as a communication medium, and generally includes: high-voltage power line carrier communication using a high-voltage transmission line of a voltage level of 35 kV or higher as a communication medium; with a voltage level of 10 kV Medium voltage power line carrier communication using medium voltage transmission line as communication medium; and low voltage power line carrier communication using 380V or 220V low voltage transmission line as communication medium.
- the traditional power line carrier communication mainly uses a high-voltage transmission line as a transmission channel of a high-frequency signal, and is limited to transmitting a remote control signal, etc., and has a narrow application range and a low transmission rate.
- power carrier communication is turning to low-voltage distribution network for carrier communication, which makes the development and application of low-voltage power line carrier communication appear in the ascendant situation.
- the channel conditions that power line carrier communication needs to face have the following characteristics: strong time-varying, and exhibiting a cyclic smoothing characteristic that varies with the power frequency signal; large channel attenuation; strong intensity of the interference signal and the noise signal, The signal to noise ratio and the signal are relatively poor.
- Conventional power line carrier communication uses spread spectrum, narrowband modulation or phase modulation techniques, with fixed carrier frequency and communication bandwidth, and fixed communication time. In general, conventional power line carrier communication uses one or two fixed carrier frequencies and communication bandwidths to transmit and/or receive signals at all times in a fixed modulation method.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a power line communication device based on channel recognition technology, which is used to solve the problems of poor communication reliability, spectrum utilization, and low power consumption utilization of existing power line carrier communication.
- the present invention provides a power line communication device based on channel recognition technology, comprising: a parameter configurable power line communication transceiver; a channel awareness module, configured to recognize a power line channel and obtain a channel model; and a cognitive control module, Learning according to the channel model obtained by the channel awareness module determines and configures configuration parameters of the communication transceiver in the communication device.
- recognizing the power line channel and obtaining the channel model comprises: performing open-loop cognitive and/or closed-loop recognition on the power line channel to obtain a channel model.
- performing open-loop awareness of the power line channel includes: measuring, by the sender or the receiver of the communication, frequency domain characteristics and time domain characteristics of the channel separately; the measuring includes: time domain of interference introduced in the channel Estimating characteristics and frequency domain characteristics; the interference includes narrowband interference or wideband interference; estimating time domain characteristics and frequency domain characteristics of noise introduced in the channel; the noise includes burst noise.
- the closed loop awareness of the power line channel comprises: jointly measuring the frequency domain characteristics and the time domain characteristics of the channel by the sender and the receiver of the communication; the measuring comprises: performing the attenuation characteristic and the time variation of the channel Domain and frequency domain estimates.
- the determining and configuring configuration parameters of the communication transceiver in the communication device including: the channel model obtained according to the channel awareness module, and a predetermined The criteria for determining the configuration parameters of the communication transceiver in the communication device.
- the determining criterion includes a lowest bit error rate, a lowest packet loss rate, a signal to noise ratio threshold, or a signal to interference ratio threshold.
- the configuration parameters include: a communication system, a frequency and bandwidth occupied by the signal, a scrambling code type and a modulation ratio parameter, a modulation mode, a type of the error correction code, a code rate, an interleaving manner, a generation matrix, and a network collaboration and organization
- a communication system is one or more of narrowband modulation, spread spectrum, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.
- the scrambling code type includes a long code or a short code.
- the type of the error correction code includes a BCH code, a cyclic code, a convolutional code, an RS coding, a Turbo coding, and a low Density parity check encodes one or more of LDPCs.
- the power line communication device based on the channel cognition technology of the present invention can use the channel cognition module to recognize the current channel and obtain a channel model; and use the cognitive control module to learn and analyze according to the obtained channel model, and select the most Suitable communication method, configure the configuration parameters of the communication transceiver in the power line communication device, so that the entire power line communication system works in the most suitable state, thereby improving the reliability, stability and communication rate of the power line communication, and improving the spectrum utilization. Rate and power utilization.
- FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a power line communication device based on channel recognition technology according to the present invention.
- 2 is a schematic diagram of understanding a power line channel and generating configuration parameters.
- 3 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the frequency response of the communication transceiver.
- 4 is a flow chart showing a power line communication method of a power line communication device to which the present invention is applied in one embodiment;
- the inventors of the present invention have improved the prior art, including: recognizing a power line channel and obtaining a channel model, determining configuration parameters of the communication device, thereby reconfiguring the communication transceiver in the communication device, by configuring The communication device performs data transmission, so that the entire power line communication system works in the most suitable state, thereby improving the reliability, stability and communication rate of the power line communication.
- the channel cognitive technology-based power line communication device proposed by the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments. Referring to FIG. 1, a block diagram of a power line communication device based on channel cognitive technology is shown. As shown in FIG. 1, the power line communication device includes: a parameter configurable power line communication transceiver 101, a channel recognition module 103, and a cognitive control module 105. A parameter configurable power line communication transceiver 101.
- the configuration parameters include: communication standard, frequency and bandwidth occupied by the signal, scrambling code type and modulation ratio parameter, modulation mode, type of error correction code, code rate, interleaving mode, generation matrix, network cooperation and organization form, digital mode And one or more of the parameters of the analog to digital converter and the frequency response of the communication transceiver.
- the communication transceiver can be configured as one of narrowband modulation (such as binary frequency shift keying BFSK, etc.), spread spectrum modulation (such as direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS, etc.), or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or A variety.
- narrowband modulation such as binary frequency shift keying BFSK, etc.
- spread spectrum modulation such as direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS, etc.
- OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- the frequency and bandwidth occupied by the signal including the bandwidth occupied by the communication signal and the carrier frequency (communication signal center frequency).
- Scrambling code type and modulation ratio parameter The scrambling code type means that the communication transceiver can be configured to use a long code or a short code as the scrambling code, and the generator polynomial of the scrambling code can be specified; the modulation ratio parameter refers to the scrambling code chip rate. The ratio to the symbol rate.
- the modulation method of the communication signal can be configured as one or more of modulation methods such as amplitude modulation ASK, frequency modulation FSK, and quadrature amplitude modulation QAM.
- Type of error correcting code, code rate, interleaving method, and generating matrix means that the error correcting code used by the communication transceiver can be configured as BCH code, cyclic code, convolutional code, RS code, Turbo code or Low density parity check encoding one or more of encoding modes such as LDPC.
- the code rate means that the code rate of the channel coding used by the communication transceiver can be configured to one or more of 1/3, 1/2, 3/4, and the like.
- Network collaboration and organization Includes parameters such as the maximum order of the repeaters used for communication.
- Digital-to-analog converters used in communication transceivers, DACs, and analog-to-digital converters. ADC accuracy, dynamic range, and sampling rate.
- Frequency response of the communication transceiver The frequency response of the communication transceiver (including the amplitude-frequency response and the phase-frequency response) can be configured, such as the bandwidth, attenuation, and center frequency of the filter of the communication transceiver.
- the frequency response of the communication transceiver includes parameters of the notch filter for narrowband interference: For narrowband interference in the frequency domain, the communication transceiver can be eliminated using a notch filter.
- the notch frequency of the notch filter and the order of the notch filter can be configured to different values.
- the channel awareness module 103 is configured to recognize the power line channel and obtain a channel model.
- the multipath effect and attenuation characteristics of the power line channel are not fixed, not only with the application.
- the scene varies from scene to scene and has a strong time-varying nature. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the power line channel to obtain its channel model.
- the knowledge of the power line channel and the resulting channel model can be achieved by open loop cognition and/or closed loop recognition.
- the open-loop awareness of the power line channel includes: measuring the frequency domain characteristics and time domain characteristics of the channel by the sender or receiver of the communication.
- the measurements include, but are not limited to, estimating time domain patterns and frequency domain characteristics of interference introduced in the channel (e.g., narrowband interference or wideband interference), and time domain characteristics of noise (including burst noise) introduced in the channel. Estimated with frequency domain characteristics. Since the measurement of the frequency domain characteristics and the time domain characteristics by a communication terminal (sender or receiver) unidirectional channel is known in the art, it will not be described.
- Closed-loop awareness of the power line channel includes: The sender and receiver of the communication jointly measure the frequency domain characteristics and time domain characteristics of the channel. Specifically, a specific communication signal or a communication channel having a specific mode is transmitted by the sender of the communication, and the communication signal is received by the receiver of the communication after passing through the power line channel to be tested, and the receiver is based on the received communication signal. And a communication signal sent by the sender, analyzing the characteristics of the power line channel.
- the measurements include, but are not limited to, time and frequency domain estimation of the attenuation characteristics and time-varying of the channel. Since the frequency domain characteristics and the time domain characteristics of the channel are jointly measured by the sender and the receiver, the prior art is well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be described.
- the power line channel can be measured to obtain a basic model of the power line channel characteristics.
- the channel characteristics include time domain and frequency domain distribution of interfering signals such as channels (e.g., narrowband interference signals and burst noise), amplitude-frequency response of the channel, and time-varying characteristics thereof.
- the cognitive control module 105 is configured to learn according to the channel model obtained by the channel cognitive module 103.
- the configuration parameters of the communication transceiver in the communication device are determined and configured.
- determining the configuration parameters of the communication device according to the channel model comprises: determining configuration parameters adopted by the communication device in the current communication according to the obtained channel model and predetermined determination criteria.
- the judgment criterion includes the lowest bit error rate or the lowest packet loss rate, but is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the judgment criterion may also be other communication indicators. For example, in one embodiment, when the signal to interference ratio due to narrowband interference is within a certain range (e.g., the signal to interference ratio is less than 0 dB), the narrowband interference should be avoided when selecting an available communication band.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the power line communication method based on the channel cognition technology provided by the present invention in an embodiment to recognize the power line channel and generate configuration parameters.
- the time and frequency resources that can be used for communication can be represented by a band-slotted grid map.
- there are five frequency bands that can be used for communication numbered 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; there are six time slots that can be used for communication, numbered 0, 1, and 2 respectively. , 3, 4, 5.
- the time-frequency resources used for communication can be determined to be available frequency bands 0, 2, 3 according to predetermined criteria, and punctured at available time slots 3.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the configuration of the frequency response of the communication transceiver.
- the frequency response of the configurable power line communication transceiver can be configured in two modes: a narrowband mode 301 with a corner frequency of fl and a notch filter with a corner frequency of f2 and a notch frequency of fn Broadband mode 302.
- the wideband mode 302 corresponds to the channel condition shown in Fig. 2
- the notch frequency fn corresponds to the narrowband interference 201 at the available frequency band 1 in Fig. 2.
- the communication transceiver can be configured in accordance with the determined configuration parameters.
- the power line communication device based on the channel cognition technology of the present invention can use the channel cognition module to recognize the current channel and obtain a channel model; and the cognitive control module is configured to obtain according to the channel cognition module
- the channel model is learned and analyzed to determine and configure the configuration parameters of the communication transceiver in the communication device, so that the entire power line communication system works in the most appropriate state, thereby improving the reliability, stability and communication rate of the power line communication. At the same time, it can improve spectrum utilization and power consumption.
- the communication device using the above-described channel cognitive technology-based power line communication method can also constitute a communication system.
- the communication system determines the current channel quality by matching the current power line channel In the communication mode of the downlink and the downlink, the uplink communication transceiver and the downlink communication transceiver are respectively configured, so that the entire communication system works in an optimal state.
- 4 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of a power line communication method of a power line communication device to which the present invention is applied, in one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, the power line communication method includes:
- Step S401 Cognizing a power line channel and obtaining a channel model
- Step S403 determining configuration parameters of the communication device according to the obtained channel model.
- Step S405 configuring a communication transceiver in the communication device according to the determined configuration parameter
- Step S407 Perform data transmission by using the communication device configured with the configuration parameter.
- Step S401 Cognize the power line channel and obtain a channel model.
- the multipath effect and attenuation characteristics of the power line channel are not fixed, not only with the application.
- the scene varies from scene to scene and has a strong time-varying nature. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the power line channel and obtain its channel characteristics.
- the knowledge of the power line channel and the resulting channel model can be achieved by open loop cognition and/or closed loop recognition.
- the open-loop awareness of the power line channel includes: measuring the frequency domain characteristics and time domain characteristics of the channel by the sender or receiver of the communication.
- the measurements include, but are not limited to, estimating time domain patterns and frequency domain characteristics of interference introduced in the channel (e.g., narrowband interference or wideband interference), and time domain characteristics of noise (including burst noise) introduced in the channel. Estimated with frequency domain characteristics. Since the measurement of the frequency domain characteristics and the time domain characteristics by a communication terminal (sender or receiver) unidirectional channel is known in the art, it will not be described.
- Closed-loop awareness of the power line channel includes: The sender and receiver of the communication jointly measure the frequency domain characteristics and time domain characteristics of the channel. Specifically, a specific communication signal or a communication signal having a specific mode is transmitted by the sender of the communication, and the communication signal is received by the receiver of the communication after passing through the power line channel to be tested, and the receiver according to the received communication signal And a communication signal sent by the sender, analyzing the characteristics of the power line channel.
- the measurements include, but are not limited to, time and frequency domain estimation of the attenuation characteristics and time-varying of the channel. Since the frequency domain characteristics and the time domain characteristics of the channel are jointly measured by the sender and the receiver, the prior art is well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be described.
- the power line channel can be measured to obtain a basic model of the power line channel characteristics.
- the channel characteristics include time and frequency domains of interfering signals such as channels (eg, narrowband interfering signals and burst noise) Distribution, the amplitude-frequency response of the channel and its time-varying characteristics.
- Step S403 determining configuration parameters of the communication device according to the obtained channel model.
- determining the configuration parameters of the communication device according to the channel model comprises: determining configuration parameters adopted by the communication device in the current communication according to the obtained channel model and predetermined determination criteria.
- the criterion includes the lowest bit error rate, the lowest packet loss rate, or a signal to noise ratio (signal to interference ratio) threshold.
- Step S405 Configure a communication transceiver in the communication device according to the determined configuration parameter.
- step S403 according to the configuration parameters determined in step S403, the configuration parameters of the communication transceiver in the communication device are changed accordingly, so that the communication device has a corresponding function.
- the configuration parameters include: communication standard, frequency and bandwidth occupied by the signal, scrambling code type and modulation ratio parameter, modulation mode, type of error correction code, code rate, interleaving mode, generation matrix, network cooperation and organization form, digital mode And one or more of the parameters of the analog to digital converter and the frequency response of the communication transceiver.
- the communication transceiver can be configured as one or more of narrowband modulation (such as binary frequency shift keying BFSK, minimum frequency shift keying MSK, etc.), wideband spread spectrum DSSS, or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM. kind.
- narrowband modulation such as binary frequency shift keying BFSK, minimum frequency shift keying MSK, etc.
- wideband spread spectrum DSSS wideband spread spectrum DSSS
- orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- the frequency and bandwidth occupied by the signal including the bandwidth occupied by the communication signal and the carrier frequency (communication signal center frequency).
- Scrambling code type and modulation ratio parameter The scrambling code type means that the communication transceiver can be configured to use a long code or a short code as the scrambling code, and the generator polynomial of the scrambling code can be specified; the modulation ratio parameter refers to the scrambling code chip rate. The ratio to the symbol rate.
- the modulation method of the communication signal can be configured as one or more of modulation methods such as amplitude modulation ASK, frequency modulation FSK, and quadrature amplitude modulation QAM.
- the type of error correcting code means that the error correcting code used by the communication transceiver can be configured as BCH code, cyclic code, convolutional code, RS code, Turbo code or Low density parity check encoding one or more of encoding modes such as LDPC.
- the code rate means that the code rate of the channel coding used by the communication transceiver can be configured to one or more of 1/3, 1/2, 3/4, and the like.
- Network collaboration and organization Includes parameters such as the maximum order of the repeaters used for communication.
- Digital-to-analog converters used in communication transceivers, DACs, and analog-to-digital converters. ADC accuracy, dynamic range, and sampling rate.
- Frequency response of the communication transceiver The frequency response of the communication transceiver (including the amplitude frequency response and the phase frequency response) can be configured. For example, the bandwidth, attenuation, and Wenbo parameters of the communication transceiver can be configured.
- Parameters for narrowband infection notch filters For narrowband interference in the frequency domain, the communication transceiver can be eliminated with a notch filter. The notch frequency of the notch filter and the order of the notch filter can be configured to different values.
- Step S407 Perform data transmission by using the communication device configured with the configuration parameter.
- the communication device can be utilized for data transmission.
- the communication method adopted by the communication device at this time is obtained based on the current power line channel cognitive learning, so the method of the present invention can provide better communication stability and communication rate.
- the power line communication method can recognize the current channel and obtain a channel model; learn and analyze according to the obtained channel model, select the most suitable communication method, and configure the communication transceiver in the power line communication device.
- the parameters are configured to operate the entire power line communication system in the most appropriate state, thereby improving the reliability, stability and communication rate of the power line communication, and at the same time improving spectrum utilization and power consumption utilization.
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备，包括：参数可配置的电力线通信收发机；信道认知模块，用于对电力线信道进行认知并得到信道模型；以及认知控制模块，根据所述信道认知模块得到的所述信道模型进行学习来确定并配置通信设备中的通信收发机的配置参数。相较于现有技术，本发明能对电力线通信设备中通信收发机的配置参数进行配置，使得整个电力线通信系统工作在最合适的状态，从而提高电力线通信的可靠性，稳定性和通信速率，同时能够提高频谱利用率和功耗利用率。
Description
基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备 技术领域 本发明涉及一种通信技术， 特别涉及一种基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备。 背景技术 电力线载波通信技术是一种利用电力线作为通信媒介来传输数据信息的通信方式， 一般 包括： 借助 35 kV及以上电压等级的高压传输线作为通信媒介的高压电力线载波通信； 借助 10 kV 电压等级的中压传输线作为通信媒介的中压电力线载波通信； 以及借助 380V 或者 220V的低压传输线作为通信媒介的低压电力线载波通信。 传统的电力线载波通信主要利用高压传输线作为高频信号的传输通道， 仅仅局限于传输 远程控制信号等， 应用范围窄， 传输速率较低。 目前， 随着电力线载波技术的不断发展和社 会的需要， 电力载波通信正在转向采用低压配电网进行载波通信， 使得低压电力线载波通信 的技术开发及应用出现了方兴未艾的局面。 与其他通信技术相比， 电力线载波通信需要面对的信道条件具有如下特性： 时变性强， 并且呈现随工频信号变化的循环平稳特性； 信道衰减大； 干扰信号和噪声信号的强度很大， 信噪比和信干比较差。 传统的电力线载波通信采用扩频、 窄带调制或者相位调制技术， 载波频率和通信带宽固 定， 通信时间固定。 一般而言， 传统的电力线载波通信是采用一个或者两个固定的载波频率 和通信带宽， 以固定的调制方法在所有时刻发送和 /或接收信号。 这种方法会带来以下的问题： 一方面， 由于电网的拓扑结构和接入的用电设备具有很大的随机性和不确定性， 因此， 信道的多径效应， 衰减特性等都是不固定的， 不仅随着应用场景的不同而变化， 而且具有很 强的时变性。 对于传统的电力线通信设备而言， 找到一个能够在所有应用场景下都性能最优 的通信方式是不现实的。 这就使得采用传统通信方式的产品不能够做到针对当前的应用选择 合适的通信方式， 从而使得其通信的可靠性受到很大的影响。 另一方面， 传统的产品设计是以最坏情况为参考制定设计指标， 如果当前通信条件优于 最坏情况， 传统的产品不能够随之调整， 这就必然导致超裕度设计， 其频谱利用率和功耗利
用率都比较低。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备， 用于解决现有电力线 载波通信存在的通信可靠性差、 频谱利用率和功耗利用率低等问题。
本发明提供一种基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备， 包括： 参数可配置的电力线通信 收发机； 信道认知模块， 用于对电力线信道进行认知并得到信道模型； 以及认知控制模块， 根据所述信道认知模块得到的所述信道模型进行学习来确定并配置通信设备中的通信收发机 的配置参数。 可选地， 对电力线信道进行认知并得到信道模型包括： 对电力线信道进行开环认知和 / 或闭环认知， 得到信道模型。 可选地， 对电力线信道进行开环认知包括： 由通信的发送方或者接收方单独对信道的频 域特性和时域特性进行测量； 所述测量包括： 对信道中引入的干扰的时域特性和频域特性进 行估计； 所述干扰包括窄带干扰或者宽带干扰； 对信道中引入的噪声的时域特性和频域特性 进行估计； 所述噪声包括突发噪声。 可选地， 对电力线信道进行闭环认知包括： 由通信的发送方和接收方联合对信道的频域 特性和时域特性进行测量； 所述测量包括： 对信道的衰减特性和时变性进行时域和频域的估 计。 可选地， 根据所述信道认知模块得到的所述信道模型进行学习来确定并配置通信设备中 的通信收发机的配置参数包括： 根据所述信道认知模块得到的所述信道模型以及预定的判断 准则来确定通信设备中的通信收发机的配置参数。 可选地， 所述判断准则包括比特错误率最低、 丢包率最低、 信噪比阈值或者信干比阈 值。 可选地， 所述配置参数包括： 通信制式， 信号占用的频率和带宽， 扰码类型及调制比参 数， 调制方式， 纠错码的种类、 码率、 交织方式、 生成矩阵， 网络协作与组织形式、 数模和 模数转换器的参数， 以及通信收发机的频率响应中的一个或多个。 可选地， 所述通信制式为窄带调制、 扩频以及正交频分复用中的一种或多种。 可选地， 所述扰码类型包括长码或短码。 可选地， 所述纠错码的种类包括 BCH码， 循环码， 卷积码， RS编码， Turbo编码、 低
密度奇偶校验编码 LDPC中的一种或者多种。 本发明的基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备， 利用信道认知模块能够对当前信道进行 认知并得到信道模型； 利用认知控制模块， 根据得到的所述信道模型进行学习和分析， 选择 最适合的通信方式， 对电力线通信设备中通信收发机的配置参数进行配置， 使得整个电力线 通信系统工作在最合适的状态， 从而提高电力线通信的可靠性， 稳定性和通信速率， 同时能 够提高频谱利用率和功耗利用率。 附图说明 图 1为本发明的基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备的结构框图。 图 2为对电力线信道进行认知并生成配置参数的示意图。 图 3为通信收发机的频率响应的配置示意图。 图 4 为应用本发明的电力线通信设备的电力线通信方法在一个实施方式中的流程示意
元件标号说明
101 ^数可配置的电力线通信收发机
103 信道认知模块
105 认知控制模块
201 窄带干扰
202 突发噪声
203 衰减
301 窄带模式
302 宽带模式
具体实施方式 鉴于在现有的电网的拓扑结构和接入的用电设备具有很大的随机性和不确定性， 电力线 信道具有很强的时变性， 现有的通信设备不能够做到针对当前的应用选择合适的通信方式， 从而使得其通信的可靠性受到很大的影响， 且频谱利用率和功耗利用率都比较低。 因此， 本发明的发明人对现有技术进行了改进， 包括： 对电力线信道进行认知并得到信 道模型， 确定通信设备的配置参数， 以此重新配置通信设备中的通信收发机， 通过已配置的 通信设备进行数据传输， 使得整个电力线通信系统工作在最合适的状态， 从而提高电力线通 信的可靠性， 稳定性和通信速率。 以下将通过具体实施例来对本发明所提出的基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备进行详 细说明。 请参见图 1， 显示了基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备的结构框图。 如图 1所示， 所 述电力线通信设备包括： 参数可配置的电力线通信收发机 101、 信道认知模块 103、 以及认 知控制模块 105。 参数可配置的电力线通信收发机 101。
所述配置参数包括： 通信制式， 信号占用的频率和带宽， 扰码类型及调制比参数， 调制 方式， 纠错码的种类、 码率、 交织方式、 生成矩阵， 网络协作与组织形式、 数模和模数转换 器的参数， 以及通信收发机的频率响应中的一个或多个。
以下对上述各个配置参数进行相应地说明：
通信制式： 通信收发机可以配置为窄带调制 （例如二进制频移键控 BFSK等）， 扩频调 制 （例如直接序列扩频 DSSS等）， 或者正交频分复用 OFDM等制式中的一种或者多种。
信号占用的频率和带宽： 包括通信信号占用的带宽和载波频率 （通信信号中心频率）。 扰码类型及调制比参数： 扰码类型是指通信收发机可以被配置为采用长码或者短码作为 扰码， 并且扰码的生成多项式可以被指定； 调制比参数是指扰码码片速率与符号速率之比。
调制方式： 通信信号的调制方式可以被配置为幅度调制 ASK, 频率调制 FSK, 正交振 幅调制 QAM等调制方式中的一种或者多种。
纠错码的种类、 码率、 交织方式、 生成矩阵： 纠错码的种类是指通信收发机采用的纠错 码可以被配置为 BCH码， 循环码， 卷积码， RS编码， Turbo编码或者低密度奇偶校验编码 LDPC等编码方式中的一种或者多种。 码率是指通信收发机采用的信道编码的码率可以被配 置为 1/3， 1/2， 3/4等码率中的一种或者多种。
网络协作与组织形式： 包括通信所采用的中继器的最大阶数等参数。
数模和模数转换器的参数： 通信收发机所采用的数模转换器 DAC 和模数转换器 ADC 的精度， 动态范围和采样速率等。
通信收发机的频率响应： 通信收发机的频率响应 （包括幅频响应和相频响应） 可以被配 置， 如通信收发机的滤波器的带宽， 衰减， 中心频率等参数都可以进行配置。 所述通信收发 机的频率响应， 包括针对窄带干扰的陷波滤波器的参数： 针对频率域的窄带干扰， 通信收发 机可以采用陷波滤波器来消除。 陷波滤波器的陷波频率和陷波滤波器的阶数都可以配置为不 同的值。 信道认知模块 103， 用于对电力线信道进行认知并得到信道模型。
在实际应用中， 由于电网的拓扑结构和接入的用电设备具有很大的随机性和不确定性， 因此， 电力线信道的多径效应， 衰减特性等都是不固定的， 不仅随着应用场景的不同而变 化， 而且具有很强的时变性。 因此， 需要对电力线信道进行认知而获取其信道模型。
在本实施例中， 对电力线信道进行认知并得到信道模型可以通过开环认知和 /或闭环认 知来实现。
对电力线信道进行开环认知包括： 由通信的发送方或者接收方单独对信道的频域特性和 时域特性进行测量。 所述测量包括但不限于： 对信道中引入的干扰 （例如窄带干扰或者宽带 干扰） 的时域图形和频域特性进行估计， 以及对信道中引入的噪声 （包括突发噪声） 的时域 特性和频域特性进行估计。 由于， 通过一个通信端 （发送方或接收方） 单向地信道进行频域 特性和时域特性进行测量已为本领域技术人员所熟知的现有技术， 故不在进行赘述。
对电力线信道进行闭环认知包括： 由通信的发送方和接收方联合对信道的频域特性和时 域特性进行测量。 具体地， 由通信的发送方发送特定的通信信号或者具有特定模式的通信信 道， 所述通信信号经过待测的所述电力线信道后由所述通信的接收方接收， 接收方根据接收 的通信信号以及发送方发送的通信信号， 分析出所述电力线信道的特性。 所述测量包括但不 限于： 对信道的衰减特性和时变性进行时域和频域的估计。 由于， 通过发送方和接收方联合 对信道进行频域特性和时域特性进行测量已为本领域技术人员所熟知的现有技术， 故不在进 行赘述。
利用信道认知模块 103， 可以对电力线信道进行测量， 获得电力线信道特性的基本模 型。 所述信道特性包括例如信道的干扰信号 （例如窄带干扰信号和突发噪声） 的时域和频域 分布， 信道的幅频响应及其时变特性等。 认知控制模块 105， 用于根据所述信道认知模块 103得到的所述信道模型进行学习来确
定并配置通信设备中的通信收发机的配置参数。
在这里， 根据信道模型来确定通信设备的配置参数包括： 根据得到的所述信道模型以及 预定的判断准则来确定本次通信中通信设备所采用的配置参数。 其中， 所述判断准则包括比 特错误率最低或者丢包率最低， 但并不以此为限， 在其他实施例中， 所述判断准则还可以是 其他通信指标。 例如， 在一个实施例中， 当窄带干扰带来的信干比在某一范围时 （例如： 信 干比小于 0 dB)， 则选择可用的通信频段时应当避开所述窄带干扰。
图 2显示了本发明提供的一种基于信道认知技术的电力线通信方法在一个实施例中对电 力线信道进行认知并生成配置参数的示意图。 如图 2所示， 可以被用来进行通信的时间和频 率资源可以用频带-时隙网格图来表示。 在图 2 中， 可以用来的进行通信的频带有 5个， 分 别编号为 0、 1、 2、 3、 4； 可以用来进行通信的时隙有 6个， 分别编号为 0、 1、 2、 3、 4、 5。 在频带-时隙网格图中， 可以用来通信的时频资源粒子总计有 5 X 6=30个。 假定经过开环 认知和闭环认知之后， 可以得到如 2 图所示的信道特性模型： 在可用频带 1 处 （所有时 隙）， 信道存在较强的窄带干扰 201 ; 在可用时隙 3 处 （所有频带）， 信道存在突发噪声 202； 在可用频带 4 处 （所有时隙）， 信道存在较强的衰减 203。 得到所述信道特性模型之 后， 就可以根据预定的准则确定通信采用的时频资源为可用频带 0、 2、 3， 并在可用时隙 3 处打孔。
以通信收发机的频率响应为例， 图 3显示了通信收发机的频率响应的配置示意图。 如图 3所示， 可配置的电力线通信收发机的频率响应可以被配置为两种模式： 转折频率为 fl的窄 带模式 301 以及转折频率为 f2且带有陷波频率为 fn的陷波滤波器的宽带模式 302。 其中， 宽带模式 302即对应于图 2中所示的信道情况， 陷波频率 fn对应于图 2中可用频带 1处的 窄带干扰 201。 当认知控制模块 105确定通信收发机的配置参数后， 即可根据确定的所述配置参数配置 所述通信收发机。 如上所述， 本发明的基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备， 利用信道认知模块能够对当 前信道进行认知并得到信道模型； 利用认知控制模块， 用于根据所述信道认知模块得到的所 述信道模型进行学习和分析， 确定并配置通信设备中的通信收发机的配置参数， 使得整个电 力线通信系统工作在最合适的状态， 从而提高电力线通信的可靠性， 稳定性和通信速率， 同 时能够提高频谱利用率和功耗利用率。
进一步地， 针对利用上述基于信道认知技术的电力线通信方法的通信设备还可以构成一 个通信系统。 所述通信系统通过对当前电力线信道进行认知确定与当前信道质量最匹配的上
行链路和下行链路的通信方式， 分别配置上行通信收发机和下行通信收发机， 使得整个通信 系统工作在最优状态。 图 4显示了应用本发明的电力线通信设备的电力线通信方法在一个实施方式中的流程示 意图。 如图 4所示， 所述电力线通信方法包括：
步骤 S401 , 对电力线信道进行认知并得到信道模型；
步骤 S403, 根据得到的所述信道模型来确定通信设备的配置参数；
步骤 S405, 根据确定的配置参数配置所述通信设备中的通信收发机；
步骤 S407, 通过已配置有所述配置参数的所述通信设备进行数据传输。
以下对上述个步骤进行详细描述。
步骤 S401 , 对电力线信道进行认知并得到信道模型。
在实际应用中， 由于电网的拓扑结构和接入的用电设备具有很大的随机性和不确定性， 因此， 电力线信道的多径效应， 衰减特性等都是不固定的， 不仅随着应用场景的不同而变 化， 而且具有很强的时变性。 因此， 需要对电力线信道进行认知而获取其信道特。
在本实施例中， 对电力线信道进行认知并得到信道模型可以通过开环认知和 /或闭环认 知来实现。
对电力线信道进行开环认知包括： 由通信的发送方或者接收方单独对信道的频域特性和 时域特性进行测量。 所述测量包括但不限于： 对信道中引入的干扰 （例如窄带干扰或者宽带 干扰） 的时域图形和频域特性进行估计， 以及对信道中引入的噪声 （包括突发噪声） 的时域 特性和频域特性进行估计。 由于， 通过一个通信端 （发送方或接收方） 单向地信道进行频域 特性和时域特性进行测量已为本领域技术人员所熟知的现有技术， 故不在进行赘述。
对电力线信道进行闭环认知包括： 由通信的发送方和接收方联合对信道的频域特性和时 域特性进行测量。 具体地， 由通信的发送方发送特定的通信信号或者具有特定模式的通信信 号， 所述通信信号经过待测的所述电力线信道后由所述通信的接收方接收， 接收方根据接收 的通信信号以及发送方发送的通信信号， 分析出所述电力线信道的特性。 所述测量包括但不 限于： 对信道的衰减特性和时变性进行时域和频域的估计。 由于， 通过发送方和接收方联合 对信道进行频域特性和时域特性进行测量已为本领域技术人员所熟知的现有技术， 故不在进 行赘述。
由此， 通过步骤 S401 , 可以对电力线信道进行测量， 获得电力线信道特性的基本模 型。 所述信道特性包括例如信道的干扰信号 （例如窄带干扰信号和突发噪声） 的时域和频域
分布， 信道的幅频响应及其时变特性等。
步骤 S403, 根据得到的所述信道模型来确定通信设备的配置参数。 在这里， 根据信道 模型来确定通信设备的配置参数包括： 根据得到的所述信道模型以及预定的判断准则来确定 本次通信中通信设备所采用的配置参数。 其中， 所述判断准则包括比特错误率最低、 丢包率 最低或者信噪比 （信干比） 阈值等。
步骤 S405, 根据确定的配置参数配置所述通信设备中的通信收发机。
在本步骤中， 根据步骤 S403 确定的配置参数， 相应地改变通信设备中通信收发机的配 置参数， 使得所述通信设备具有相应的功能。
所述配置参数包括： 通信制式， 信号占用的频率和带宽， 扰码类型及调制比参数， 调制 方式， 纠错码的种类、 码率、 交织方式、 生成矩阵， 网络协作与组织形式、 数模和模数转换 器的参数， 以及通信收发机的频率响应中的一个或多个。
以下对上述各个配置参数进行相应地说明：
通信制式： 通信收发机可以配置为窄带调制 （例如二进制频移键控 BFSK、 最小频移键 控 MSK等）， 宽带扩频 DSSS, 或者正交频分复用 OFDM等制式中的一种或者多种。
信号占用的频率和带宽： 包括通信信号占用的带宽和载波频率 （通信信号中心频率）。 扰码类型及调制比参数： 扰码类型是指通信收发机可以被配置为采用长码或者短码作为 扰码， 并且扰码的生成多项式可以被指定； 调制比参数是指扰码码片速率与符号速率之比。
调制方式： 通信信号的调制方式可以被配置为幅度调制 ASK, 频率调制 FSK, 正交振 幅调制 QAM等调制方式中的一种或者多种。
纠错码的种类、 码率、 交织方式、 生成矩阵： 纠错码的种类是指通信收发机采用的纠错 码可以被配置为 BCH码， 循环码， 卷积码， RS编码， Turbo编码或者低密度奇偶校验编码 LDPC等编码方式中的一种或者多种。 码率是指通信收发机采用的信道编码的码率可以被配 置为 1/3， 1/2， 3/4等码率中的一种或者多种。
网络协作与组织形式： 包括通信所采用的中继器的最大阶数等参数。
数模和模数转换器的参数： 通信收发机所采用的数模转换器 DAC 和模数转换器 ADC 的精度， 动态范围和采样速率等。
通信收发机的频率响应： 通信收发机的频率响应 （包括幅频响应和相频响应） 可以别配 置， 如通信收发机的滤波器的带宽， 衰减， 文波等参数都可以进行配置。 针对窄带感染陷波 滤波器的参数： 针对频率域的窄带干扰， 通信收发机可以采用陷波滤波器来消除。 陷波滤波 器的陷波频率和陷波滤波器的阶数都可以配置为不同的值。
经过上述步骤 S405, 配置完成通信设备中通信收发机的配置参数。
步骤 S407, 通过已配置有所述配置参数的所述通信设备进行数据传输。
由于在步骤 S405 之后， 已完成通信设备中通信收发机的配置参数的配置， 因此， 在步 骤 S407 中， 可以利用所述通信设备进行数据传输。 与传统的通信技术相比， 此时通信设备 所采用的通信方法是根据当前的电力线信道认知学习得到的， 所以本发明的方法能够提供更 好的通信稳定性和通信速率。 如上所述， 上述电力线通信方法， 能够对当前信道进行认知并得到信道模型； 根据得到 的所述信道模型进行学习和分析， 选择最适合的通信方式， 对电力线通信设备中通信收发机 的配置参数进行配置， 使得整个电力线通信系统工作在最合适的状态， 从而提高电力线通信 的可靠性， 稳定性和通信速率， 同时能够提高频谱利用率和功耗利用率。
上述实施例仅列示性说明本发明的原理及功效， 而非用于限制本发明。 任何熟悉此项技术的 人员均可在不违背本发明的精神及范围下， 对上述实施例进行修改。 因此， 本发明的权利保 护范围， 应如权利要求书所列。
Claims
1. 一种基于信道认知技术的电力线通信设备， 其特征在于， 包括：
参数可配置的电力线通信收发机；
信道认知模块， 用于对电力线信道进行认知并得到信道模型； 以及
认知控制模块， 根据所述信道认知模块得到的所述信道模型进行学习来确定并配置通信 设备中的通信收发机的配置参数。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的通信设备， 其特征在于， 对电力线信道进行认知并得到信道模型 包括： 对电力线信道进行开环认知和 /或闭环认知， 得到信道模型。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的通信设备， 其特征在于， 对电力线信道进行开环认知包括：
由通信的发送方或者接收方单独对信道的频域特性和时域特性进行测量；
所述测量包括：
对信道中引入的干扰的时域特性和频域特性进行估计； 所述干扰包括窄带干扰或者宽带 干扰；
对信道中引入的噪声的时域特性和频域特性进行估计； 所述噪声包括突发噪声。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的通信设备， 其特征在于， 对电力线信道进行闭环认知包括：
由通信的发送方和接收方联合对信道的频域特性和时域特性进行测量；
所述测量包括：
对信道的衰减特性和时变性进行时域和频域的估计。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的通信设备， 其特征在于， 根据所述信道认知模块得到的所述信道 模型进行学习来确定并配置通信设备中的通信收发机的配置参数包括：
根据所述信道认知模块得到的所述信道模型以及预定的判断准则来确定通信设备中的通 信收发机的配置参数。
6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的通信设备， 其特征在于， 所述判断准则包括比特错误率最低、 丢 包率最低、 信噪比阈值或者信干比阈值。
7. 根据权利要求 1 或 5所述的通信设备， 其特征在于， 所述配置参数包括： 通信制式， 信 号占用的频率和带宽， 扰码类型及调制比参数， 调制方式， 纠错码的种类、 码率、 交织方 式、 生成矩阵， 网络协作与组织形式、 数模和模数转换器的参数， 以及通信收发机的频率响 应中的一个或多个。
8. 根据权利要求 7 所述的通信设备， 其特征在于， 所述通信制式为窄带调制、 扩频以及正 交频分复用中的一种或多种。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的通信设备， 其特征在于， 所述扰码类型包括长码或短码。
10.根据权利要求 Ί 所述的通信设备， 其特征在于， 所述纠错码的种类包括 BCH码， 循环 码， 卷积码， RS编码， Turbo编码、 低密度奇偶校验编码 LDPC中的一种或者多种。
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| CN102821389B (zh) * | 2012-06-12 | 2016-01-20 | 中国电力科学研究院 | 一种用于变电站设备监测的认知无线电系统及相关方法 |
| CN102832963B (zh) * | 2012-09-05 | 2015-11-25 | 珠海中慧微电子有限公司 | 用于电力线载波扩频通信的速率自适应系统及方法 |
| CN103078665B (zh) * | 2012-12-20 | 2016-04-13 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | 基于电力线通信和无线通信的联合传输方法 |
| CN108112273B (zh) * | 2015-04-17 | 2020-12-18 | 兰迪斯+盖尔股份有限公司 | 电量计和用于其的适配器模块 |
| CN105336147B (zh) * | 2015-10-21 | 2018-08-24 | 宁波三星医疗电气股份有限公司 | 用于电力用户自适应多载波调制方式抄表的方法 |
| CN106603176A (zh) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 国网江苏省电力公司泰州供电公司 | 一种结合两种电力线信道模型的电力线信道建模方法 |
| CN111049552B (zh) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-06-29 | 南方电网电力科技股份有限公司 | 基于电力线通信的多跳数据安全传输方法、装置及设备 |
| CN111327348B (zh) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-10-22 | 西安微电子技术研究所 | 一种基于正交频分复用的有线信号传输设计方法 |
| CN111313996A (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-19 | 四川九强通信科技有限公司 | 基于强化学习的ap信道分配和功率控制联合优化方法 |
| CN116015534A (zh) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-04-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | 通信方法及装置 |
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| WO2005046253A2 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-05-19 | Motorola, Inc. | Channel condition estimation for pilot coefficient selection |
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