WO2013053697A2

WO2013053697A2 - Device for treating and refining biomass

Info

Publication number: WO2013053697A2
Application number: PCT/EP2012/069947
Authority: WO
Inventors: Berthold Warth; Martin Humpf
Original assignee: Berthold Warth; Martin Humpf
Priority date: 2011-10-12
Filing date: 2012-10-09
Publication date: 2013-04-18
Also published as: WO2013053697A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for treating and refining biomass, particularly digestates from a biogas installation, and for producing fertilisers, said device comprising the following features: a feed arrangement (3) for feeding the biomass to the device (1), a discharge arrangement (10) for discharging the dried biomass from said device (1), and a mixing arrangement (11) for feeding additives, preparations and/or products to the biomass and for mixing these additives, preparations and/or products with said biomass.

Description

Device for processing and refining biomass

The invention relates to a device for processing and refining of biomass, in particular fermentation residues from a biogas plant, and for the production of demand-based fertilizers, by means of nutrient additions. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for processing and refining of biomass, in particular fermentation residues from a biogas plant, and for the production of fertilizers, a fertilizer and a container or drum system for solid, liquid or gaseous substances.

A generic device is known from DE 10 2010 005 253 AI. In this case, a drying device is provided, which has a drying chamber, is coupled into the decoupled from the biogas plant thermal energy such that the dry matter content of the dried fermentation residues is raised to about 80 to 85% dry matter content.

A disadvantage of the known biogas plants and the associated devices, such as devices for processing digestate from these biogas plants, is usually that their actual potential is not fully utilized, complex technology is used with a lot of space and circuits are not closed.

The known from the prior art container or drum systems for such devices usually consist of metal, concrete or polymer concrete. Concrete or drum systems made of concrete of the type mentioned are carried out according to the intended use both in an upright and in a horizontal position. Due to the static strength to be ensured, these containers are very solid in terms of their wall thickness and thus very material- and time-consuming. In addition, sometimes costly reinforcements and formwork as well as concrete setting times considerably lengthen and extend the construction phase. Also, each container size must be manufactured in single production, which prevents a rational production.

Another disadvantage is the additional measures to Dichtigkeits-, acid and corrosion protection. These protective layers are also very sensitive to mechanical influences. Your Damage can lead to the destruction of the structure if aggressive media get under this protective layer.

Also known are container or drum systems that are made entirely of metal. To ensure a long service life, these container and drum systems are primarily made of expensive and corrosion-resistant materials, such as stainless steel, such as V2A or V4A. Again, there are disadvantages of the material, as this is very costly and especially difficult to process by welding and thus also very expensive. Irrespective of this, corrosion-related signs of wear also occur with this material.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for processing and / or refining of biomass, which brings its operator even greater benefits while being robust, simple and compact.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features mentioned in claim 1.

With the aid of the mixing device, additives, preparations and / or products can be added to the biomass and mixed with it to form in this way a valuable fertilizer, in particular a demand-based whole fertilizer.

With the device and the method carried out with the same fertilizer from the group of one-nutrient fertilizers and the multi-nutrient fertilizer can be produced. The aim of the fertilizers is to apply the nutrients and nutrients they contain to precision similar to that used to fertilize mineral fertilizers, to bring optimum and maximum nutrients to the plant roots and to allow for minimal nutrient losses.

Fertilizers are known to be substances intended to be supplied to crops and ornamental plants, etc., in order to promote their growth, to increase their yield or to improve their quality. All known fertilizers provide the plant roots nutrients via the soil or substrate solution according to their dissolution rate. Fertilization strategies with these fertilizers according to the invention and other farmyard manures are more favorable in terms of their energy and environmental balance than strategies based exclusively on mineral fertilizers.

Further advantages of the present invention are its improved material flow management, closed material flow circuits, closed nutrient cycles, advantageous economy, additional revenue through decentralized fertilizers, and enormous positive environmental effects. In addition, the Closed Substance Cycle and Waste Management Act can now use the sensible use of material that is preferred by law. Thus, the use of biomass as a fertilizer can be considered preferable and the thermal utilization of only contaminated biomass reserved.

With the device according to the invention, the operator of the biogas plant, with which the device according to the invention can be connected, so for example from the resulting during operation of the biogas plant useful, need-based fertilizer manufacture, which he can then either use himself or make marketable. In this case, by the mixing device, the additives, preparations and / or products, in particular the nutrient additions, the biomass are supplied in such an amount as the operator of the plant, such as a farmer, the fertilizer for its respective soil nutrient balance, Auszustungsart and -Zeitpunkt, the Weather, the soil type and its plantations and the yield target thus required and legally compliant as a complete fertilizer needed, so that among other things over-fertilization is avoided and the fertilizer effect is increased.

The device according to the invention has a very compact design and is therefore space-saving and efficient as well as a modular design versatile requirements with individual process design easily adaptable and usable. If required, it can be easily transported away and rebuilt and adapted to another location.

Further advantages of the device according to the invention consist in the reduction of the generation of greenhouse gases and other emissions, the possibility of reducing biomass in a possible drying process and binding the degassing nitrogen and making it available again, as well as the costly and energy-intensive production of mineral fertilizers. Furthermore, with such a device, the efficiency, considerably increase the liquidity and liquidity of a biogas plant and close the flow of materials and nutrients.

For the operation of the device according to the invention a variety of types of biomasses, especially digestate, can be used, which originate from feedstocks for biogas production, including renewable resources such as corn, GPS, cereals, green waste, etc. and manure such as animal manure, animal manure, market fruits, and their combination as well as all other biomass from raw, biowaste and residual materials, no matter if and / or with which pretreatment, origin or form.

A very advantageous development of the invention may consist in that a drying device is provided for drying the biomass. The drying device can at the same time also include a mixing device. By means of the drying device of the device according to the invention, the biomass previously supplied thereto by means of the feed device, in particular the fermentation residues from a biogas plant, is dried, whereafter they can form the basis for the production of a suitable fertilizer. The drying of the biomass advantageously reduces the amount of the same, thereby saving on, inter alia, storage capacities, biomass transports, application areas, etc.

Advantageously, before, during and / or after the drying / mixing process, other organic and / or inorganic substances, of whatever form and type, can be added to the biomass in order to make recycling, processing, process stability, to improve and / or resolve the preservation of the properties, the mode of action, the storage, transport, use, use, spreading and application capabilities.

In an advantageous manner, the biomass can also be comminuted, ground, pressed, compacted before, during and / or after the possible drying or mixing process, regardless of the form and type, the recycling, the processing, the process stability, the preservation the properties, the mode of action, the storage, transport, use, use, litter and applicability to improve and / or to solve.

In a further very advantageous development of the invention it can be provided that the mixing device is arranged in the conveying direction of the biomass before, during and / or after the possible drying process. This will prevent the addition of additives, preparations and / or products may deteriorate or change depending on the process arrangement.

Another possibility may be that the mixing device is arranged so that the additives, preparations and / or products are integrated in the possible drying process, which allows a particularly good mixing of the additives, preparation and / or products with the biomass.

If it is provided in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention that the mixing device has separate supply lines for each addition, preparation and / or product, so an advantageous particularly accurate and variable dosage of the additives, preparations or products can be achieved. This can have a positive effect on the desired properties of the fertilizer produced with the device according to the invention. At the same time or offset, for example, addition substances, preparations or products for fire and explosion prevention can be metered into these supply lines.

In order to mix the addition substances, preparations and / or products well before they are introduced into the biomass, it may further be provided that the mixing device has a premixing unit.

Advantageously, it can be provided that all additions such as; the nutrient additions as main nutrients and / or as trace nutrients; the additives, preparations or products of biomass and / or fire and explosion prevention substances; the additives, preparations and / or products as nutrient release inhibitors; and / or a nitrification inhibitor; and / or microorganisms in the premix unit are separated or mixed in a defined combination so that this mixture or individual product mixtures can be fed into the biomass in one or more supply lines.

Particularly effective fertilizers can be prepared if the addition substances, preparations and / or products so-called main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and / or magnesium and the like are added individually or in a defined recipe combination. It is also possible to combine them in the form of a solution, solid or an emulsion or as a defined multicomponent system. The nutritional formulations may contain other nutrient additions as so-called trace nutrients such as boron, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, chlorine, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, cobalt, and the like. It is also possible to combine them in the form of a solution, solid or an emulsion or as a defined multicomponent system.

Advantageously, the additives, preparations and / or products may comprise a nutrient release inhibitor and / or a nitrification inhibitor and / or microorganisms for improving the long-term action and the properties of the fertilizer. This nutrient release inhibitor, and / or a nitrification inhibitor, and / or microorganisms can be mixed in with or without controlled onset of nutrient delivery or resolved by an attached process. The nutrient release inhibitor and / or a nitrification inhibitor and / or microorganisms can be mixed in the raw state with the remaining additives, preparations or products. It is also possible to introduce the same extra or in the form of a solution, solid or an emulsion or combined as a defined multicomponent system, for example, mix it in the process or dosing. Furthermore, the nutrient release inhibitor and / or a nitrification inhibitor and / or microorganisms can also be introduced only before or after the packaging of the fertilizer. The provision of a fertilizer, which provides the nutrients only at a desired time or over a desired period of time in the desired amount, has always been the goal for the plants, since in this way the supply of nutrients to the plants are carried out with less effort can.

Another very advantageous embodiment of the invention may consist in that the drying device has a heat exchanger which is connected via a heat pipe to the biogas plant. In this way, the waste heat of the biogas plant is used to dry the biomass in the drying device, which is a particularly effective utilization of the waste heat generated during operation of a biogas plant.

In an alternative or additional embodiment it can also be provided that the drying device has another suitable heat source. This is useful, for example, if the biogas plant does not deliver sufficient heat or the site is not at a biogas plant or another form of drying is used. In an alternative or additional embodiment, it can also be provided that the drying device has a different type of drying. This is useful, for example, if a drying device is already present or if the biomass is to be upgraded with a different type of drying or other type of processing into fertilizers with the invention.

In order to minimize the noxious gases and odor pollution generated by the drying device, it can be provided in an advantageous development of the invention that the drying device has at least one exhaust air line which is connected to an exhaust air scrubber.

If in an advantageous embodiment of the invention of the exhaust air scrubber runs a line to the drying device, it is possible to bind the nitrogen contained in the exhaust air as ammonium sulfate and provide.

In order to be able to select whether the ammonium sulfate produced is to be recycled or discharged into the biomass, it can be provided that the line can be opened and closed by means of a valve. This valve can be controlled manually or automatically.

It can be provided that the fume scrubber is designed so that with the same a fertilizer based on ammonium sulfate can be produced. The scrubber may, for example, itself produce a liquid high quality fertilizer with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or silicic acid or related acids and / or bases.

In order to discharge and store the fertilizer produced in the fume scrubber, it may further be provided that a line from the fume scrubber to a container for the fertilizer based on ammonium sulfate.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention may consist in that the drying device is designed as a drum dryer to act as a mixing unit for all addition substances. Such a drum dryer, in contrast to other known drying devices, such as belt dryers, very effective, robust, compact, low-wear, low maintenance, energy-saving, flexible. The liquid addition possibility, among other things as rewetting, can be used as an additional process mixer and has a very rings size, whereby the drying device can be used even if only a limited space is available.

Alternatively it can be provided that a different drying device is used, which is designed as a mechanical and / or thermal process, in particular as a belt dryer, vacuum dryer, mechanical dewatering device or the like.

In order to be able to remove the fertilizers produced with the device according to the invention in a simple manner from the same, accurately mark, store and transport, it may furthermore be provided that a compaction and / or packaging device for the biomass and the additives, preparations and / or or products produced fertilizer is provided.

Advantageously, before, during and / or after the packaging process, the produced fertilizer can be comminuted, ground, pressed, compacted, in whatever form and type, to process stability, the preservation of properties, the mode of action, the bearings - improve, and / or to solve, transport, use, use, littering and applicability.

The same applies if, after the exhaust air scrubber, a packaging device for a liquid fertilizer produced from the biomass effluent is arranged.

If it is further provided that an analysis device for analyzing the supplied biomass is arranged before, at and / or after the drying device, then a coupling of the analysis device with the mixing device for supplying the addition substances, preparations and / or products presupposed, and and after the mixing operation, a highly effective fertilizer is produced in a defined form, the composition of which is known exactly as a recipe for each batch and can be set as required, monitored and documented for each batch.

In order to be able to remove any liquid fermentation residues, a return line can also run to a fermentation tank bed. In addition, from the return line to the Gärresteendlager a branch line to the drying device, over which further liquid digestate of the drying device can be supplied to reduce further liquid from the digestate. Thus, even in the drying process optimum moisture saturation of the drying air in the drying device can be adjusted via sensors and suitable spraying devices.

In order to be able to control the feed described above, it can be provided that a valve for releasing or closing the branch line is arranged in the return line to the Gärresteendlager.

In order to achieve a simple input of biomass and additives into the device, it can further be provided that the feed device has an entry shaft.

Alternatively or additionally, the supply device may have a storage container.

If it is provided in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention that runs after the drying device, a return line to the feeder, it is possible to dry already in the drying device dried materials with other substances again and / or to mix, an improved material variable fertilizer to be able to produce.

All processes and working steps described in the device according to the invention can be carried out either manually or mechanically or semi-automatically or fully automatically. In principle, a central control unit is possible at a suitable central location of the invention. In principle, a remote monitoring and connection of the invention to internal or external PCs for control and monitoring is possible. In principle, a non-illustrated installation version of all components and operating components in ISO sea containers and / or conventional housings is possible. In principle, a not shown necessary fire extinguishing device for the invention is possible. In principle, other not shown necessary operating equipment or components are possible to ensure the operation and to meet insurance and other legal requirements.

In claims 30 and 31 fertilizers produced with the device according to the invention are given. The fertilizers, which are practically obtained from by-products of the biogas plant, can be produced very inexpensively and can be adapted to the respective requirements by the supplied additives, preparations and / or products, so that it is either used by the operator of the biogas plant itself or to other users can be produced marketable.

The fertilizers can be used in particular in agriculture, gardening, turf, landscaping, vegetable, forestry, wine, organic agriculture and fruit growing, in other areas of ornamental and crop plants, but also in other different industries.

The fertilizers from biomass are important for the supply of the plants with the nutrients and organic humus-C, but also for the pore distribution and thus for the air and heat balance of the soil. The rapidly available nutrient elements as well as the microbially degraded nutrient elements released from their organic bond, i. mineralized, are thus available for plants. The higher the humus quality, the more nitrogen-rich the organic substance, i. the closer their carbon: nitrogen (C / N) ratio is.

With regard to the effectiveness of these fertilizers, it is particularly advantageous if the nutrients, preparations and / or products Hauptnährelemente such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and / or magnesium and the like are added individually or in a defined recipe combination. It is also possible to combine them in the form of a solution, solid or an emulsion or combined as a multicomponent system.

In addition, it can be provided that the addition substances, preparations and / or products also have trace nutrients such as boron, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, chlorine, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, cobalt and the like individually or in a defined recipe combination. It is also possible to combine them in the form of a solution, solid or an emulsion or combined as a multicomponent system.

The long-term effect of the fertilizer can be improved, for example, by adding additives, preparations and / or products, a nutrient release retarder and / or a nitrification inhibitor and / or microorganisms to improve the long-term effect and the properties of the fertilizer. However, other substances, products and / or processes are conceivable in this context.

In claim 35, a method for processing and refining of biomass, in particular of digestate from a biogas plant, and for the production of fertilizers specified.

In an advantageous development of the method it can be provided that the main nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and / or magnesium and the like are supplied as addition substances, preparations and / or products.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the trace nutrients such as boron, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, chlorine, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, cobalt and the like are supplied as addition substances, preparations and / or products.

In order to eliminate any bacteria or other contaminants from the biomass, it may further be provided that a liquid phase of the biomass is processed via precipitation, ph value shift and / or ozonation.

A container or drum system for solid, liquid or gaseous substances results from the features of claim 40.

The container or drum systems made of a fiber composite material according to the invention have by their material composition and their flexible material and manufacturing capabilities extreme strength, rigidity and at the same time a very low weight, tightness with the best acid and corrosion resistance and temperature and abrasion resistance, which in addition with antibacterial Coatings such as graphene, a two-dimensional graphite material, can be provided or vapor-deposited. Also, fiber composites can be repaired very well without any problems.

A fiber composite material, in particular CFRP, has the positive properties of high frost and UV resistance and is characterized by a high abrasion resistance. When set, CFRP is particularly impervious to gas and water and resistant to chemical and biological agents. The use of fiber composites for container or drum systems for aggressive substances or other substances has the positive effect that in addition to a relatively small use of materials in production by optimally adaptable statically calculated different wall thickness ranges, in particular measures for corrosion protection are not required. It is also possible to incorporate different materials in the fiber composite material as a dense component. A fiber composite material can be very easily processed and assembled and coated.

The container or drum systems according to the invention can be used in particular for storage, processing, treatment, processing, mass movement, fermentation, heating, sanitation, storage, storage, drying, exhaust air purification, mixing and / or finishing.

The container or drum serves as a component or product of an application system in the range of solids, liquids and / or gases, in particular for aggressive substances or various other substances.

The container or drum components can be formed from tubular, plate, sandwich plate elements in honeycomb form or a mix of these possibilities.

In an advantageous development it can be provided that the container or drum system has at least one segment part.

It is advantageous if the fiber composite material is CFRP.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the container or drum system can be provided that the fiber composite material is GFK.

It is advantageous if the fibers of the fiber composite material are embedded in multiple layers as reinforcement in a plastic matrix.

A further advantage is when other application-specific additional materials are incorporated or incorporated in the fiber composite material.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the components of the container or drum system consist of tubular, plate or sandwich plate elements in honeycomb form or a mixture thereof. or as a modular system depending on the application and use in any composition, size, shape, material thickness and location are designed as a component or as a product.

It is advantageous if the container or drum system has an additional outer and / or inner linings directly or indirectly.

It is also possible that the components of the container or drum system are formed as individual components, plate components or as part of a system.

Another advantage is when the container or drum system has additional exterior and / or interior components.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawing is shown in principle.

It shows:

Fig. 1 is a very schematic plan view of the device according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the device according to the arrow II of Fig. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the drying device of the device from FIGS. 1 and 2, designed as a drum dryer;

Fig. 4 is a very schematic plan view of an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a horizontal and stationary drum and / or tube;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a horizontal and vertical container, which can be realized in any other shape and position;

Fig. 7 is a front view and plan view of a composite of plate segments

Container. Figures 1 and 2 show in very schematic representations of a device 1 for the treatment of unillustrated biomass, in the present case of digestate from a biogas plant 2, near which the device 1 is located. The device 1 has a feed device 3 for feeding the biomass or the digestate to a drying device 4 of the device 1. The feeding device 3 can be designed, for example, as a screw conveyor and leads the fermentation residues, which may for example have a ratio of 30% solids to 70% liquid content, into the drying device 4. In addition, nutrient-rich ashes or other additives or additives, such as residual and biowaste of any kind and the like, can be added to the feeder 3. Especially with wet digestate, it may be useful to introduce additional solids for bulk material formation.

Optionally, it is also possible to dispense with the drying device 4 or it is possible to dry the fermentation residues at another location remote from the device 1. Furthermore, it is possible that the drying device 4 is designed in the form of a pressing device. This is particularly, but not exclusively, for smaller systems.

The drying device 4 is used for drying the fermentation residues and has in the present case a heat exchanger 5, which is connected via a heat pipe 6 to the biogas plant 2, so that the drying device 4 and the fermentation residues therein is heated by utilizing the waste heat from the biogas plant 2 can be. In principle, however, another heating of the drying device 4 by means of another suitable heat source is possible. While the digestate according to the arrow A are passed through the device 1, the air flows in the opposite direction shown by the arrow B through the drying device 4 to exit via an exhaust duct 7 from the drying device 4. In order to generate the air flow described in accordance with the arrow B, the exhaust air duct 7 is adjoined by a suction device 8 designed as a fan or fan in the present case, which sucks the air out of the drying device 4. By means of the suction device 8 5 ambient air is sucked in and heated by the heat exchanger. The suction device 8 can also be installed before or after the heat exchanger 5, to direct the hot air through the drying device 4, or it is performed as a combination of the possible variants. The heated air in the heat exchanger 5 is introduced at a temperature of about 70 to 85 ° C in the drying device 4, wherein the absorption capacity of the drying device 4 may be about 2.5 to 5 m ³ of dry material. The heated air removes the moisture contained in the drying device 4 The fermentation residue is the moisture. For example, such a drying can be provided that a residual moisture of at most 25% of the materials contained in the drying device 4 is achieved. In addition to or as an alternative to the suction device 8, in the region of the heat exchanger 5, a blowing device, not shown, may be provided, which can generate an air flow according to the arrow B.

The drying of the solid digestate in the drying device 4 is carried out batchwise, wherein the material to be dried circa. 2 to 10 hours remains within the drying device 4. The actual drying time depends, among other things, on the nature and quantity of the dry product, the temperature, the moisture content of the material, the target moisture, the additional liquid input and the humidity of the outside air as well as the heat input capacity.

The drying device 4 may be equipped with a balance, not shown, to weigh the goods located in the same to be dried. From the weight of the material to be dried located in the drying device 4 conclusions can be made on the drying time of the same. In addition, sensors can be arranged within the drying device 4 with which the degree of drying of the material to be dried can be determined.

In the present case, the exhaust air line 7 is followed by an exhaust scrubber 9, which serves to filter the exhaust air from the drying device 4 and to avoid emissions such as dust and odor pollution and air pollution. The exhaust air from the drying device 4 can therefore be supplied to the scrubber 9. Before the airflow enters the exhaust air scrubber 9, the air can be cleaned by a pre-filter of suspended matter, not shown. After the prefilter, the air enters a filter box, also not shown, of the exhaust air scrubber 9, where it is pressed through filter packs and preferably wetted with water via a nozzle system. Further, the water may be enriched with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, silicic acid or other suitable acid which reacts with the ammonia to form ammonium sulfate. In this way, by means of introducing ammonia-containing exhaust air into the scrubber 9 and metering in sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, silicic acid or related acids and / or bases, a liquid high-quality fertilizer based on ammonium sulfate can be prepared. For example, after every 10 to 15 passes, the filter water can be supplied to the fermentation residues in the drying device 4, whereby this process can be integrated into a control and automated. The warm exhaust air of the exhaust air scrubber 9, which may for example have a temperature of about 30 - 40 ° C, either for preheating the ambient air before the heat exchanger 5 and / or for preheating and frost protection for components in front of the drying device 4 or to heat the container will be used. This can be achieved with a heat recovery module, not shown. The reservoir and / or a separator, not shown, may be housed with a protective structure.

From the drying device 4, the dried fermentation residues are discharged by means of a discharge device 10 and arrive at a mixing device 11 arranged in the present case in the conveying direction A of the digestate after the drying device 4, for supplying additives, preparations and / or products to the digestate and for mixing the addition substances, preparations and / or products with the digestate is used. The discharge device 10 may include, as required, a catch plate, a hopper or a discharge conveyor, such as a screw conveyor, a conveyor belt, a tube chain conveyor or the like. In principle, however, a different type of drying than drying device 4 is possible.

For the purposes of the present patent application, "additives" are understood as meaning individual substances, mixtures of different substances produced under preparations on site, and mixtures of different substances already produced at a different location under products.

In the illustrated embodiment, the mixing device 11, a mixing screw 12, in which the additives, preparations and / or products are mixed with the digestate. The mixing screw 12 can also be integrated in the discharge device 10 or be made in one piece with the same. Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the mixing device 11 has respective separate supply lines 13, with which each addition substance or each preparation and / or product can be fed individually to the fermentation residues leaving the drying device 4. In the illustrated embodiment, there are three feed lines 13, with which the addition substances and / or products, in the present case nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and other additives, preparations and / or products the digestate individually or defined mixed in the desired amount are added can. In principle, the additives, preparations and / or products Hauptnährelemente such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and / or magnesium and Spurennährelemente such as boron, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, chlorine, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, cobalt and the like and / or a nutrient release inhibitor, and / or a nitrification inhibitor, and / or microorganisms for improving the long-term action and the properties of the fertilizer or be.

The mixing of all additives, preparations and / or products can also take place in the mixing device 11. These can then also be metered into the fermentation residues in one or more supply lines, not shown, located in the drying device 4. At the same time or staggered additions can be added to prevent fire and explosion. In principle, all additives, preparations and / or products can be added before, during and / or after the drying process. For this purpose, the mixing device 11 may optionally also have a premixing unit in which the addition substances, preparations and / or products are mixed together before being fed to the biomass. In particular, the addition of the additives, preparations and / or products directly into the drying device 4 may be advantageous. The mixing of the additives, preparations and / or products can also take place before the mixing device 11.

The addition of the additives, in particular the N-P-K additives, i. The additives in the form of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium may also be made after discharge from the above-described or other drying equipment, in the following ways:

- as a downstream operation or process step decentralized or central,

as a downstream operation or process step before, during or after compaction, i. a transformation of the materials into a compacted form,

as a downstream operation or process step before, during or after storage,

- As a downstream or process-integrated operation or process step via mixing, stirring, spraying, wetting or another type of metering regardless of the technique used.

Before adding the additives to the dried bulk biomass, further liquid phase, in particular liquid fermentation residue, separated residual liquids, in liquid form directly for thermal separation by evaporation drying by low-energy metering in the above manner, in particular by means of injection, are introduced. This can be per batch be carried out several times or constantly in the process, where appropriate, several times alternately metered and dried or added at the same time and dried.

The liquid phase of the biomass, in particular pressed-off residual slurry, after the separation and before the return to the residual storage by precipitation, ph value shift and / or ozonation as water treatment for environmentally friendly oxidation of iron, manganese, organic matter and for sterilization in addition as a treatment stage be used. This can be improved by UV. Thus, from about 96% water content then about 99% water content, which is either returned to the biogas process as Vorflutfähiges water or can be used for local field water sprinkling. This can save a costly application and the burden of the liquid phase with hormones, drugs, germs, etc. are significantly reduced.

The liquid and solid additional nutrients on biomass, for example, organic residues and biorest substances or the like can as main and / or trace nutrients with an upstream decentralized treatment, for example in the form of separation, separation, sorting, drying, evaporation and / or compaction or or without these types of processing as a central solution, d. H. moved together from several systems, introduced or metered.

Furthermore, it is possible, the liquid and solid additional nutrients on biomass, for example organic residues and biorest materials or the like as main and / or trace nutrients that do not come from a drying plant, but decentralized or centrally before, during or after a treatment to introduce or meter. This also provides adequate wetting in the solid to achieve biological stability at higher residual moisture contents, i. Mold, rot, etc. to avoid.

For all feeds of liquid and solid adjunct nutrients to biomass, for example organic residual and biorest substances or the like, it is also possible, regardless of the process or process involved and regardless of the technique used, to use nutrient retarders and / or a nitrification inhibitor and / or microorganisms in the additional nutrient mixtures themselves or extra mixed, before, during or after a mechanical and / or thermal separation, on or in the solid biomass and decentralized or central. By mixing the additives, preparations and / or products, in the present case, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and other additives, preparations and / or products with the digestate, a fertilizer can be produced by the operator of biogas plant 2 or the device 1 can be used as fertilizer for fertilizing plants or sold to other users. In both cases, a compacting and / or packaging device 14 may preferably be provided at the end of the device 1, ie after the mixing device 11, in which the fertilizer produced from the digestate and the additives, preparations and / or products is packed, labeled and transported and / or can be spent for depot storage as bulk goods. By compacting the fertilizer in a variety of forms, the fertilizer reaches a higher density, allowing it to be stored and transported with less space and discharged more efficiently.

Also for the liquid fertilizer produced in the scrubber 9 may be provided in the drawings, however, not shown packaging or filling device.

All fertilizers produced by the device 1 can be made to comply with existing fertilizer regulations and laws.

In order to improve and / or to solve the fertilizer produced with the device according to the invention in a simple manner for the process stability, the preservation of the properties, the mode of action, the storage, transport, use, use, spreading and applicability , the type and / or shape may be solved by crushing, grinding, pressing, compacting, etc. before, during and / or after the process.

The device 1 may further comprise an analysis device, not shown, which serves for analyzing the fermentation residues fed to the drying device 4. The analysis device can be provided in front of the feed device 3, between the feed device 3 and the drying device 4, at the inlet of the drying device 4, on the drying device 4 itself and / or after the drying device 4.

By an analysis before the drying device 4, the composition of the supplied input materials and nutrients can be determined in order to determine the further process steps. By an analysis on the drying device 4, ie during the drying process, the changing composition of the nutrient concentrations can be determined and the process can be influenced in a suitable manner. By an analysis after the drying device 4, the values of the fertilizer produced can be determined. An analysis before, during and after the drying process thus allows a very good monitoring of the manufactured product, whereby all legal requirements can be met.

Preferably, the analyzer is coupled to the mixer 11 for feeding the additions to the dried digestate. Through the process analysis of the mixture in the analysis device, together with the controlled supply of the additives, ie the additives, preparations and / or products, via the mixing device 11, the composition of the fertilizer can be accurately determined and reproduced as a defined recipe.

Furthermore, a control device 15 is attached to the drying device 4, with which the drying device 4 and optionally the entire device 1 can be controlled. In principle, the control device can also be at a suitable other location of the invention.

The drying device 4 is formed in the present case as a drum dryer 4a, which is shown schematically in Fig. 3 in a perspective view. The drum dryer 4a has at its inner periphery a screw conveyor 16, with which the fermentation residues are transported in the direction of arrow A by the drum dryer 4a. Within the drum dryer 4a arises due to the rotation and conveying movement of the drum, a turbulent flow, which contributes to the drying of the material to be dried. In order to achieve an even better mixing of the biomass to be dried, it can be provided that the direction of rotation of the drum dryer 4a can be reversed.

Preferably, the drum dryer 4a consists of a waterproof, corrosion-resistant material or a material with corrosion-resistant coatings with abrasion-resistant, non-stick and antistatic properties. As a result, the drum dryer 4a and possibly other components of the device 1 are protected against both mechanical and aggressive chemical influences, such as acids or alkalis, so that the drying drum 4a is very corrosion-resistant, application-optimized and wear-resistant. The drum dryer 4a may also be charged with other drying goods, bulk goods or the like, such as feed, seeds, market or wood chips, animal manure, animal manure, etc. as well as other raw materials and residues from fermentation processes or other biomasses, etc. individually or in combination, and so on be used all year round for a variety of purposes as a dryer and / or mixer universal, in compliance with laws and regulations. Due to the variable presetting of the drum dryer 4a with respect to the residence time of the material to be dried in the same and the possible direction of rotation reversal, the drying and / or mixing individually to the respective material to be dried and to the waste heat supplying heat source, in this case, the biogas plant 2 adapted become. Due to its constructive structure with multifunctional installation in a container, the drum dryer 4a is easily accessible and easy to maintain and clean. Preferably, the drum dryer 4a is completely prefabricated and he is immediately ready for use after it has been connected. The drum dryer 4a, the exhaust scrubber 9 and / or the mixing device 11 can be installed, for example, in conventional ISO sea containers or housings and transported in this way very easily. Instead of a drum dryer 4a, the drying device 4 could also be designed as a belt dryer or vacuum dryer or the like in order to produce a fertilizer with this described device 1 with corresponding downstream components.

In the device 1 4 fermentation residues are thus dried by means of the drying device and cleaned with the exhaust air scrubber 9 the exhaust air whereby an ASL fertilizer is produced and mixed by means of the mixing device 11 with additives, preparations and / or products, whereby one of the digestate and the additives, Preparations and / or products, in particular nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, existing fertilizer is produced according to a defined recipe. All of the features of the device 1 described above can therefore also be features of the method for producing the fertilizer.

An example of such a process for the treatment and refinement of biomass, in particular fermentation residues from the biogas plant 2, and for the production of fertilizers, is briefly described below: Here, the biomass device 1 is fed and then discharged from the device 1. In addition, additives, preparations and / or products are added to the biomass and the additives and / or products are mixed with the biomass. In particular, the biomass is dried in the drying device 4. The fertilizer produced in the device 1 can be in bulk form, for example, loose, crushed, ground or granulated, or compacted, are offered. Depending on this, the packaging produced for the fertilizer in the packaging device 14 may also be formed. By adding all of the described additives, preparations and / or products, the consistency, type and shape may also change if necessary.

4 shows in a further very schematic plan view an alternative embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention. The basic principle of the device 1 according to FIG. 4 is very similar to that shown in FIGS. 1-3, for which reason only the differences are discussed below.

Here runs from the exhaust scrubber 9, a line 17 to the drying device 4, through which the ammonium sulfate produced in the scrubber 9 dried moisture contained or contained in the ammonia nitrogen can be recycled to the solid phase and thus concentrated and thus greenhouse gases are significantly reduced can. In line 17, a valve, not shown, may be provided, by means of which the line 17 can be released or closed. Furthermore, from the scrubber 9, a further line 18 to a container 19 for the liquid fertilizer based on ammonium sulfate, which can be selected alternatively.

Furthermore, from the feed device 3, a further return line 20 extends to a Gärresteendlager 21, in which the remaining liquid masses can be stored. From the return line 20 also runs a branch line 22 to the drying device 4. Thus, the fermentation residues of the drying device 4 can be supplied to remove a further portion of the liquid from the digestate. The fermentation residues can, for example, be sprayed into the drying device 4, whereby the air flowing through the drying device 4 humidifies and thus the exhaust air scrubber 9 is protected from dust. In the leading to the Gärresteendlager 21 return line 20, a valve, not shown, for releasing or closing the branch line 22 may be arranged.

In FIG. 4, furthermore, an entry shaft 23 assigned to the feed device 3 can be seen, which allows a simple inputting of additives into the feed device 3. The entry shaft 23 may also have a hopper. Alternatively or additionally, the feed device 3 may also have a reservoir, not shown. About the entry bay 23 or the reservoir, the most diverse substances in the feeder 3 or generally in the device 1 are introduced.

Finally, a return line 24 extending from the drying device 4 to the feed device 3 is provided, via which material already dried beforehand in the drying device 4 can be fed once more to the drying device 4.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4, some differences or additional features are included in comparison with the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2. In principle, it is not necessary for all these differences to be foreseen, but it would also be possible to dispense with some of these additional features.

The device 1 can be provided decentrally, so for example be associated with the biogas plant 2. However, it is also possible a central design or arrangement of the device 1, in which this is set up and operated independently of other systems.

5 shows a drying drum 25 or generally a container or drum system 25 for the drying device 4. The drying drum 25 can thus serve as a component for the drying device 4 described above. Furthermore, Fig. 5 shows a standing drum 26, the z. B. as a mixing drum or as a connecting pipe with depending on the requirements and statics needs wall thickness 27 can find an optimal application.

6 shows a container which is designed as a tubular drum 28 or 29 and has closed side walls 30 and 31 or bottom 31 and cover 30 and which can be used for any application systems with the known material advantages, any openings, additional attachments, additional components, material fixtures for gas and liquid-tight container systems for underground or above-ground installation situations can be formed.

Fig. 7 shows a positive and non-positive joined together comprehensive container system with a ceiling plate 32 and a bottom plate 33, which can be built in any shape in plate segments 34.

Figures 5, 6 and 7 can also be combined together to give a container or drum system 25 according to the invention. The container or drum components described herein are made from carbon fiber plastic composite material, also CFRP (carbon-fiber reinforced plastic, CFRP) or colloquially called carbon. CFRP refers to a fiber-plastic composite material in which carbon fibers, usually in several layers and in different directions, in particular adaptable to the static requirements, are embedded as reinforcement in a plastic matrix. The matrix is usually composed of thermosets, for example epoxy resin, acrylic resin, such as methacrylate, polyester or thermoplastics or similar composite materials, whereby they can be optimally adapted to the particular application in your mixture, among other things. CFRP has an extreme strength, rigidity and at the same time a very low weight.

In particular, in drying drums for a drum dryer can be used as a material also fiberglass, ie glass fiber reinforced plastic, especially since it is a relatively cheap material in fiberglass.

Claims

claims

1. An apparatus for processing and refining biomass, in particular of digestate from a biogas plant, and for the production of fertilizers, comprising the following features: -a feed device (3) for supplying the biomass to the device (1), -a discharge device (10) for discharging the biomass,

-a mixing device (11) for feeding additives, preparations and / or products to the biomass and for mixing the additives, preparations and / or products with the biomass.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1,

marked by

a drying device (4) for drying the biomass.

3. Apparatus according to claim 2,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the mixing device (11) is arranged downstream of the drying device (4) in the conveying direction of the biomass.

4. Apparatus according to claim 2,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the mixing device (11) is arranged in the conveying direction of the biomass in front of the drying device (4).

5. Apparatus according to claim 2,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the mixing device (11) is arranged so that the addition substances, preparations and / or products are introduced into the drying device (4).

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the mixing device (11) has a mixing screw (12).

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that

the mixing device (11) has separate supply lines (13) for each addition, preparation and / or product.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the mixing device (11) has a premixing unit.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the additives, preparations and / or products are main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and / or magnesium.

10. Apparatus according to claim 9,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the additives, preparations and / or products have trace nutrients such as boron, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, chlorine, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, cobalt and the like.

11. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the additives, preparations and / or products have a nutrient release retarder and / or a nitrification inhibitor and / or microorganisms to improve the long-term effect and properties of the fertilizer.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the drying device (4) has a heat exchanger (5) which is connected to the biogas plant (2) via a heat pipe (6).

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the drying device (4) has another suitable heat source.

14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the drying device (4) has at least one exhaust air line (7) which is connected to an exhaust air scrubber (9).

15. Device according to claim 14,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

from the exhaust air scrubber (9) a line (17) extends to the drying device (4).

16. The device according to claim 15,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the line (17) is releasable and closable by means of a valve.

17. Device according to one of claims 14 to 16,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the fume scrubber (9) is designed so that with the same fertilizer based on ammonium sulfate can be produced.

18. Device according to claim 17,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

from the fume scrubber (9), a conduit (18) extends to a container (19) for the fertilizer based on ammonium sulfate.

19. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the drying device (4) is designed as a drum dryer (4a).

20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the drying device (4) is designed as a belt dryer, vacuum dryer or mechanical drainage device.

21. Device according to one of claims 1 to 20,

characterized in that a compacting and / or packaging device (14) is provided for the fertilizer produced from the biomass and the additives, preparations and / or products.

22. Device according to one of claims 14 to 21,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

after the exhaust air scrubber (9) is arranged a packaging device for a liquid fertilizer produced from the Biomasseabluft.

23. Device according to one of claims 1 to 22,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

Before, at and / or after the drying device (4) an analysis device for analyzing the drying device (4) supplied biomass is arranged.

24. Device according to one of claims 1 to 23,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

from the feed device (3) a return line (20) extends to a Gärresteendlager (21).

25. Device according to claim 24,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

from the return line (20) to the Gärresteendlager (21) a branch line (22) to the drying device (4).

26. Device according to claim 25,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

in the return line (20) to the Gärresteendlager (21) a valve for releasing or closing the branch line (22) is arranged.

27. Device according to one of claims 1 to 26,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the feed device (3) has an entry shaft (23).

28. Device according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that

the feed device (3) has a storage container.

29. Device according to one of claims 1 to 28,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

after the drying device (4) a return line (24) extends to the feed device (3).

30. Fertilizers containing biomass, in particular fermentation residues from a biogas plant, as well as additives, preparations and / or products and which by drying the biomass, feeding the additives, preparations and / or products and mixing the additives, preparations and / or products with the Biomass is produced.

31. Fertilizer, which biomass, in particular fermentation residues from a biogas plant, as well as additives, preparations and / or products and which is prepared by passing ammonia from the exhaust air through an exhaust scrubber and supplying an acid and / or bases and / or alkali.

32. Fertilizer according to claim 30 or 31,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

33. Fertilizer according to claim 32,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

34. Fertilizer according to claim 32 or 33,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

35. Process for processing and refining biomass, in particular fermentation residues from a biogas plant, and for producing fertilizers, comprising the following process steps:

Supplying the biomass to the device (1),

Discharging the biomass from the device (1),

Supply of additives, preparations and / or products to the biomass and mixing of the additives and / or products with the biomass.

36. The method according to claim 35,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the biomass is dried in a drying device (4).

37. The method according to claim 35 or 36,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and / or magnesium are added as additives, preparations and / or products.

38. The method according to claim 35, 36 or 37,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

As trace substances, preparations and / or products, trace nutrients such as boron, manganese, copper, zinc, iron, chlorine, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, cobalt and the like can be supplied.

39. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 38,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

a liquid phase of the biomass via precipitation, pH shift and / or ozonation is processed.

40. container or drum system for solid, liquid or gaseous substances, comprising at least one tubular body (25,28,29), a plurality of side walls (30,31,32,33), at least one bottom (31,33) and at least one lid (30,32)

characterized in that it is made of a fiber composite material or a technically equivalent material.

41. A container or drum system according to claim 40,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

it has at least one segment part (34).

42. Container or drum system according to claim 40 or 41,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the fiber composite is CFK or GFK.

43. Container or drum system according to one of claims 39 to 42,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

it is used for storage, processing, treatment, processing, mass movement, fermentation, heating, sanitation, storage, storage, drying, air purification, mixing and / or refining.

44. Container or drum system according to one of claims 39 to 43,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the fibers of the fiber composite material are embedded in multiple layers as reinforcement in a plastic matrix.

45. Container or drum system according to one of claims 39 to 44,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

in the fiber composite other application-specific additional materials are incorporated or incorporated.

46. Container or drum system according to one of claims 39 to 45,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the components of the container or drum system (25) of tubular, plate or sandwich panel elements honeycomb or a mixture thereof individually or as a modular system depending on the application and use in any composition, size, shape, material thickness and location as a component or as Product are formed.

47. Container or drum system according to one of claims 39 to 46,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the container or drum system (25) has an additional exterior and / or interior linings directly or indirectly.

48. Container or drum system according to one of claims 39 to 47,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the components of the container or drum system (25) are formed as individual components, plate components or as part of a system.

49. Container or drum system according to one of claims 39 to 48,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the container or drum system (25) has additional exterior and / or interior components.

50. Container or drum system according to one of claims 39 to 49,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the fiber composite material or the technically equivalent material is provided with a graphene coating.