WO2013044811A1 - 吉西他滨酰胺衍生物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

吉西他滨酰胺衍生物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2013044811A1
WO2013044811A1 PCT/CN2012/082090 CN2012082090W WO2013044811A1 WO 2013044811 A1 WO2013044811 A1 WO 2013044811A1 CN 2012082090 W CN2012082090 W CN 2012082090W WO 2013044811 A1 WO2013044811 A1 WO 2013044811A1
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gemcitabine
cancer
formula
compound
preparation
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PCT/CN2012/082090
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French (fr)
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宋云龙
邵志宇
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Song Yunlong
Shao Zhiyu
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Priority to US14/347,504 priority Critical patent/US20140235568A1/en
Publication of WO2013044811A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013044811A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H19/00Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
    • C07H19/02Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
    • C07H19/04Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
    • C07H19/06Pyrimidine radicals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H1/00Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives

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  • This invention relates to the field of medical technology, and more particularly to a class of gemcitabine amide derivatives, and to compositions, methods for their preparation and their use in the preparation of antineoplastic and antiviral agents. Background technique
  • Gemcitabine hydrochloride (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine hydrochloride, trade name Gemcitabine) is an anti-tumor drug marketed by Eli Lilly and Company, and its medicinal form is a freeze-dried powder preparation. It has been approved for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. In addition, gemcitabine hydrochloride also has antiviral activity. It has been reported that gemcitabine can be used to treat the infection of the yellow fever virus including hepatitis C virus. Within a few days (in some cases, 1-2 days), the patient can be quickly reduced. Hepatitis C virus load 2 logarithm or more (Chinese invention patent, application number: 03808085.X). The oral bioavailability of gemcitabine is poor. Therefore, the clinical administration method is intravenous infusion at a dose of about 1000 to 1250 mg/m 2 in 30 minutes, once a week for up to 7 weeks, then one week. Rest period for treatment.
  • gemcitabine has poor oral bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism. In addition, oral administration can result in dose-limiting intestinal damage.
  • a new type of gemcitabine derivative drug which can be administered orally is developed, and a lot of researches are currently made, and a prodrug of gemcitabine is prepared.
  • the amide derivative of gemcitabine has been considered as a useful intermediate in the structural modification process of gemcitabine. Lilly's research found that N 4 -propofyl gefitase (LY-2334737) can be administered orally and in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • LY-2334737 is mainly hydrolyzed by the human body's carboxylesterase 2 to gemcitabine. Therefore, its efficacy is affected by the expression level of carboxylesterase 2.
  • the invention provides a novel structure and more excellent amide derivative of gemcitabine, which can be injected or oral, and lays a foundation for developing a new anticancer drug based on gemcitabine. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel class of gemcitabine amide derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or polymorphs thereof.
  • the invention also discloses methods of preparation, medical uses and compositions of such compounds.
  • the present invention first provides a class of gemcitabine amide derivatives of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable thereof Salt, solvate or polymorph:
  • R is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-21 linear or branched fluorenyl group, except n-butyl, 1-propylbutyl, n-decyl and n-xyl-decyl; R may also be a C1-8 fluorenyl group directly attached to a substituted phenyl group;
  • substitution is substituted by one or more of the following substituents: hydrogen, C1-6 fluorenyl, C1-6 halodecyl, C2-5 alkenyl, C2-5 alkynyl, C1-5 anthracene Base, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, carboxy and oxo.
  • R is a linear fluorenyl group
  • R is any one of n-propyl, n-heptyl and phenylpropyl.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the above compound in the preparation of an antiviral drug or a medicament for treating a tumor; preferably, the antiviral drug is a drug against hepatitis C virus; or the tumor is easy Affected tumors.
  • the present invention also provides a use of a gemcitabine amide derivative represented by the formula (I) for the preparation of an antiviral drug or a medicament for treating a tumor, wherein
  • the antiviral drug is a drug against hepatitis C virus; or the tumor is a susceptible tumor.
  • the invention also provides a composition comprising a safe and effective amount of a compound as described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention provides a composition
  • a composition comprising a safe and effective amount of a gemcitabine amide derivative represented by the formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein R is n-butyl;
  • the composition is a pharmaceutical composition including, but not limited to, a tablet,
  • the ground is in the form of an enteric solvent (enteric coated or enteric coated capsule).
  • the practice of the invention includes, but is not limited to, the following gemcitabine amide derivatives:
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a gemcitabine amide derivative, which comprises the steps of: gemcitabine, anhydrous pyridine, triethyl chlorosilane, stirred at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution;
  • the corresponding carboxylic acid is dissolved in acetonitrile, a condensing agent is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature, and the solution is dropped into the previous mixture containing gemcitabine.
  • the mixture was stirred at 30-60 ° C overnight, and the reaction mixture was concentrated.
  • the residue was dissolved in an organic solvent, trifluoroacetic acid was added dropwise, and the solvent was evaporated to give a crude product.
  • the “condensing agent” may be independently selected from the group consisting of: N, N, -carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), triphenylphosphine, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT), N-hydroxy-7-aza Benzotriazole (HOAT), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy hexafluorophosphate Tripyrrole (pyBOP), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC:).
  • the condensing agent used is hydrazine, ⁇ '-carbonyldiimidazole.
  • the carboxylic acid is RCOOH, wherein R is as defined above.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula (I) according to the invention, which comprises the steps of: condensing gemcitabine with RCOOH in an inert solvent to form a compound of the formula (I);
  • the gemcitabine is gemcitabine protected by a protecting group.
  • a step of removing the protecting group in the condensation product to form a compound of the formula (I) is further included.
  • Figure 1 shows the results of in vitro cytotoxic activity test of NCI human 60 tumor cells of compound SYN-141.
  • Figure 2 shows the results of in vitro cytotoxic activity test of NCI human 60 tumor cells of compound SYN-165.
  • the units of GI50, TGI and LC50 are ⁇ .
  • the inventors have extensively and intensively studied and synthesized a novel structure of gemcitabine amide derivatives for the first time based on gemcitabine which is currently widely used clinically.
  • the experimental results show that the compound has significant antitumor activity, and is particularly active against various solid tumors such as liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer.
  • the present invention has been completed on the basis of this.
  • the "susceptible tumor” refers to abnormal growth of mammalian tissues which can be treated by injection or oral administration of a compound of the formula (I). Since such drugs are hydrolyzed to gemcitabine in vivo, and gemcitabine has good antitumor activity against various tumor cells, it is expected that administration of the compound represented by the general formula (I) will have resistance against many types of tumors ( Broad spectrum activity including both solid and non-solid tumors. Similarly, since gemcitabine has an antiviral activity (including a yellow fever virus such as hepatitis C virus), the compound of the formula (I) also has antiviral activity.
  • an antiviral activity including a yellow fever virus such as hepatitis C virus
  • Affected tumors preferably include breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, tau cell lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, ovarian cancer or bladder. cancer.
  • the pharmaceutical composition contains from 1 to 2000 mg of the compound of the invention per agent, more preferably from 10 to 200 mg of the compound of the invention.
  • the “one dose” is an ampule, capsule or tablet.
  • the gemcitabine amide derivative of the present invention can be prepared in the form of its pharmaceutically acceptable salt according to a conventional method.
  • inorganic acid salts and organic acid salts include inorganic acids including, but not limited to, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, diphosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, etc.; organic acids including, but not limited to, acetic acid, maleic acid, Fumar Acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, oxalic acid, and the like.
  • the compounds of the present invention have good antitumor activity, and they can be used for treating tumors including esophagus, stomach, intestine, rectum, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, lung, colon, breast, uterus, endometrium, ovary, prostate, testis Cancers in the bladder, kidney, liver, pancreas, bone, connective tissue, skin, eyes, brain, and central nervous system, as well as thyroid cancer, leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, and myeloma.
  • the pharmacological activity of the gemcitabine amide derivative of the present invention makes it useful for the preparation of an antiviral or antitumor drug, and therefore the present invention also includes a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, the pharmaceutical composition There is further included a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which may be in a solid form or in a liquid form, and the pharmaceutical form may be a tablet, a capsule, a powder, a granule, a suspension or an injection.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means: one or more compatible solid or liquid fillers or gel materials which are suitable for human use and which must be of sufficient purity and of sufficiently low toxicity. By “compatibility” it is meant herein that the components of the composition are compatible with the compounds of the invention and between them without significantly reducing the efficacy of the compound.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are cellulose and its derivatives (such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, etc.), gelatin, talc, solid lubricants (such as stearic acid).
  • magnesium stearate magnesium stearate
  • calcium sulfate vegetable oils (such as soybean oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, olive oil, etc.), polyols (such as propylene glycol, glycerin, mannitol, sorbitol, etc.), emulsifiers (such as Tween®), run Wet agents (such as sodium decyl sulfate), colorants, flavoring agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, preservatives, pyrogen-free water, etc.
  • vegetable oils such as soybean oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, olive oil, etc.
  • polyols such as propylene glycol, glycerin, mannitol, sorbitol, etc.
  • emulsifiers such as Tween®
  • run Wet agents such as sodium decyl sulfate
  • colorants such as sodium decyl sulfate
  • flavoring agents such as pepperminophen®
  • a safe and effective amount of a compound of the invention is applied to a mammal (e.g., a human) in need of treatment wherein the dosage is a pharmaceutically effective effective dosage, for a 60 kg body weight
  • the dose to be administered is usually from 1 to 2000 mg, preferably from 20 to 500 mg.
  • specific doses should also consider factors such as the route of administration, the health of the patient, etc., which are within the skill of the skilled physician.
  • the residue was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol, and then the mixture was stirred, and then the mixture was stirred for 0.5 hour, poured into 50 mL of ethyl acetate, and the solid was collected, and the solution was washed with saturated brine. After washing once, the organic phase is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent is recovered. The residue and the precipitated solids are combined to give a crude product.
  • the crude product is purified by silica gel column chromatography, methanol: chloroform (2:98-4:96), product purity More than 95%, yield 85%.
  • the tumor cell lines used in this experiment were: A549 (human lung cancer cells), HCT116 (human colon cancer cells), HepG2 (human liver cancer cells), ZR-75-30 (human breast cancer cells X were purchased from Shanghai Pharmaceutical Industry Research Institute). ).
  • MTT method 100 ⁇ l of cell suspension with a concentration of 4 ⁇ 5 X 10 4 /ml was added to each well of a 96-well plate, and placed in a 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 incubator. After 24 h, the sample solution was added, ⁇ ⁇ /well, double-well, 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 for 72 h. Add 5 ⁇ l of 5 mg/ml MTT solution to each well. After 4 h, add the solution, 100 ⁇ /well, and place in the incubator. After dissolution, measure the OD value at 570 nm with a ⁇ -2 automatic microplate reader.
  • the test results show that the gemcitabine amide derivative of the present invention exhibits a broad spectrum of antitumor activity against various tumor cells such as human lung cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer (see Table 1).
  • Table 1 is the specific data of the in vitro antitumor activity of some compounds.
  • some of the gemcitabine amide derivatives of the present invention have a good broad-spectrum antitumor activity against human lung cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer, and are superior to clinical research drugs in various tumor cells.
  • Example 11 Screening results of in vitro cytotoxic activity of 60 human tumor cells by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Compounds SYN-141 and SYN-165 were tested for systemic cytotoxic activity in NCI, USA. The results are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The test results show that these compounds are shown in human leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, central nervous system (CNS) cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, kidney cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer. A good broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity.
  • NCI National Cancer Institute
  • the MGM of SYN-165 is -7.12, that is, the total average GI50 of the compound against human tumor cells is 75.8 nM.
  • the MGM of SYN-141 was -6.21, that is, the total average GI50 of the compound against human tumor cells was 0.62 ⁇ .
  • Example 12 In vivo antitumor activity test
  • the gemcitabine amide derivative of the present invention has broad-spectrum antitumor activity, and in particular, some compounds have strong antitumor activity against lung cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer, and have good development value.
  • the present invention opens up new avenues and directions for further research and development of new anti-tumor drugs.

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Abstract

本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及一类结构新颖的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物。本发明的新化合物对人肺癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌和肝癌等多种肿瘤细胞均有良好的活性,因此可以用于制备抗肿瘤药物。此外,这些化合物还具有抗病毒活性。本发明还公开了所述化合物的制法,含所述化合物的药物组合物及其在制备抗肿瘤、抗病毒等药物中的应用。

Description

吉西他滨酰胺衍生物及其制备方法和用途
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域, 更具体而言, 本发明涉及一类吉西他滨酰胺衍生物, 本 发明还涉及该类化合物的组合物、 制备方法及其在制备抗肿瘤药和抗病毒药中的用途。 背景技术
盐酸吉西他滨 (2',2'-二氟 -2'-脱氧胞苷盐酸盐,商品名为健择)是美国礼来公司上市的 抗肿瘤药, 药用形式为冷冻干燥的粉末制剂, 目前已经被批准用于治疗胰腺癌、 乳腺癌 和非小细胞肺癌。 此外, 盐酸吉西他滨也具有抗病毒活性。 有研究报道, 吉西他滨可以 用于治疗包括丙型肝炎病毒等的黄热病毒科病毒的感染, 在最小剂量下在数天以内 (某 些情况下为 1-2天), 即可迅速降低病人体内的丙型肝炎病毒负荷 2个对数或更多 (中国 发明专利, 申请号: 03808085.X)。 吉西他滨的口服生物利用度差, 因此, 临床给药方 式为 30分钟内, 以大约 1000到 1250 mg/m2的剂量进行静脉输液, 每周一次, 给药可 长达 7周, 然后是一周不进行治疗的休息期。
研究表明吉西他滨由于存在首过代谢所以口服生物利用度差。 此外, 口服给药, 会 导致剂量限制性的肠损害。 为了克服吉西他滨的首过效应, 开发可以口服给药的新型吉 西他滨衍生物类药物, 目前研究较多的, 是制备吉西他滨的前药。 其中, 吉西他滨的酰 胺衍生物过去曾被认为是吉西他滨结构改造过程的有用的中间体,礼来公司的研究发现 N4-丙戊酰基吉西他滨 (LY-2334737), 可以口服给药, 而且在胃肠道的稳定性较好, 毒性 比口服吉西他滨更低, 而且在剂量较低的情况下口服疗效与静脉注射吉西他滨相当。后 续研究表明, LY-2334737主要由人体的羧酯酶 2水解为吉西他滨, 因此, 其疗效受羧酯 酶 2的表达水平所影响。
本发明提供了一类结构新颖、 活性更优异的吉西他滨的酰胺衍生物, 可以注射或口 服, 为开发基于吉西他滨的新型抗癌药奠定了基础。 发明内容
本发明目的是为了提供一类新型吉西他滨酰胺衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂 化物或多晶型物。 本发明同时公开了该类化合物的制备方法、 医疗用途和组合物。
本发明首先提供了一类如通式 (I)所示的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物或其药学上可接受的 盐、 溶剂化物或多晶型物:
Figure imgf000003_0001
式中, R为取代或未取代的 C1-21直链或支链的垸基, 但是正丁基、 1-丙基丁基、 正十一垸基和正十七垸基除外; R也可为与取代苯基直接连接的 C1-8垸基;
所述的取代是指被下列一个或多个取代基所取代: 氢、 C1-6垸基、 C1-6卤代垸基、 C2-5烯基、 C2-5炔基、 C1-5垸氧基、 卤素、 硝基、 氰基、 羟基、 氨基、 羧基和氧代。
优选地, R为直链垸基;
优选地, R为正丙基、 正庚基、 苯丙基中的任一个。
本发明还提供了上述的化合物在用于制备抗病毒药物或制备治疗肿瘤的药物中的 用途; 优选地, 所述的抗病毒药物为抗丙型肝炎病毒的药物; 或所述的肿瘤为易受影响 的肿瘤。
本发明还提供了一种通式 (I)所示的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物在用于制备抗病毒药物或 制备治疗瘤的药物中的用途, 其中,
Figure imgf000003_0002
优选地, 所述的抗病毒药物为抗丙型肝炎病毒的药物; 或所述的肿瘤为易受影响的 肿瘤。
本发明还提供了一种组合物,含有安全有效量的如上所述的化合物及药学上接受的 载体。
此外, 本发明还提供了一种组合物, 含有一种通式 (I)所示的安全有效量的吉西他滨 酰胺衍生物及药学上接受的载体, 其中, R为正丁基;
Figure imgf000004_0001
(I) 。
优选地, 所述组合物为药物组合物, 其中包括 (但并不限于)片剂、
地为肠溶剂型 (肠溶包衣或肠溶胶囊)。
在本发明的实施 包含但并不限于下列吉西他滨酰胺衍生物:
Figure imgf000004_0002
Figure imgf000004_0003
此外, 本发明还包括 n=l-20的任一如下通式所示的化合物。 更具体地, n=7、 8、 14、 18、 20时, 化合物的编号 合物。
Figure imgf000004_0004
本发明的另一目的是提供了一类所述的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物的制备方法,包括下列 步骤: 将吉西他滨、 无水吡啶、 三乙基氯硅垸, 室温搅拌得混合液; 在此同时将对应的 羧酸溶于乙腈中,加入缩合剂, 室温搅拌, 将此溶液滴入前面的含有吉西他滨的混合液, 在 30-60°C保温搅拌过夜, 反应液浓缩, 残留物溶于适量有机溶剂, 滴加三氟乙酸并搅 拌, 回收溶剂得粗产品, 经硅胶柱层析得到纯的目标产物。 所述的 "缩合剂"可独立地 选自: N,N,-羰基二咪唑 (CDI)、三苯基膦、 1-羟基苯并三氮唑 (HOBT)、 N-羟基 -7-氮杂苯 并三氮唑 (HOAT)、 1-乙基 -3-(3-二甲胺丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐 (EDCI)、 六氟磷酸苯并三唑 -1-基-氧基三吡咯垸 (pyBOP)、 4-二甲氨基吡啶 (DMAP)或二环己基碳二亚胺 (DCC:)。优选 地, 所用的缩合剂为 Ν,Ν'-羰基二咪唑。
所述的羧酸为 RCOOH, 其中, R的定义同前所述。
本发明的另一目的是提供了一种制备本发明的通式 (I)化合物的方法, 包括步骤: 在 惰性溶剂中, 将吉西他滨与 RCOOH进行缩合反应, 从而形成通式 (I)化合物;
其中, 各式中的 R定义如上所述。
在另一优选例中, 所述的吉西他滨是羟基被保护基团所保护的吉西他滨。
在另一优选例中,在缩合反应之后还包括步骤:脱去缩合产物中的所述的保护基团, 形成通式 (I)化合物。 附图说明
图 1为化合物 SYN-141的 NCI人 60种肿瘤细胞体外细胞毒活性测试结果。
图 2为化合物 SYN-165的 NCI人 60种肿瘤细胞体外细胞毒活性测试结果。
图中, GI50, TGI和 LC50的单位为 Μ。
具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛而深入的研究, 基于目前广泛在临床上应用的吉西他滨, 首次设 计、 合成了一类结构新颖的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物。 实验结果表明, 该化合物具有显著的 抗肿瘤活性, 尤其对肝癌、 肺癌、 乳腺癌、 结肠癌等多种实体瘤具有显著的活性。 在此 基础上完成了本发明。
所述的 "易受影响的肿瘤"指的是能通过注射或口服给药通式 (I)所示的化合物来进 行治疗的哺乳动物组织的的异常生长。 因为这类药物在体内将水解成吉西他滨, 而吉西 他滨对多种肿瘤细胞均具有较好的抗肿瘤活性, 因此预期给予所述的通式 (I)所示的化合 物将具有对抗许多种类的肿瘤 (包括实体瘤和非实体瘤)的广谱活性。 类似地, 因为吉西 他滨具有抗病毒 (包括丙型肝炎病毒等黄热病毒属病毒)活性, 所以所述的通式 (I)化合物 也具有抗病毒活性。 "易受影响的肿瘤"优选地包括乳腺癌、 肺癌、 肝癌、 结肠癌、 胰腺癌、 τ细胞淋 巴瘤、 软组织肉瘤、 何杰金氏淋巴瘤、 非何杰金氏淋巴瘤、 卵巢癌或膀胱癌。
所述的 "安全有效量"指的是: 化合物的量足以改善病情, 而不至于产生严重的副 作用。 安全有效量根据治疗对象的年龄、 病情、 疗程等来确定。 通常, 药物组合物含有 l-2000mg本发明化合物 /剂, 更佳地, 含有 10-200mg本发明化合物 /剂。 较佳地, 所述 的 "一剂"为一个安瓿、 胶囊或药片。
本发明的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物可按照常规方法制备为其药学接受的盐的形式。包括 其无机酸盐和有机酸盐: 无机酸包括 (但不限于)盐酸、 硫酸、 磷酸、 二磷酸、 氢溴酸、 硝酸等; 有机酸包括 (但不限于)乙酸、 马来酸、 富马酸、 酒石酸、 琥珀酸、 乳酸、 对甲 苯磺酸、 水杨酸、 草酸等。
本发明的化合物具有良好的抗肿瘤活性, 它们可以用于治疗肿瘤, 包括食道、 胃、 肠、 直肠、 口腔、 咽、 喉、 肺、 结肠、 乳腺、 子宫、 子宫内膜、 卵巢、 前列腺、 睾丸、 膀胱、 肾、 肝、 胰腺、 骨、 结缔组织、 皮肤、 眼、 脑和中枢神经系统等部位发生的癌症, 以及甲状腺癌、 白血病、 霍杰金式病、 淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤等。
本发明的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物的药理活性使其可以用于制备抗病毒或抗肿瘤药物, 因此本发明还包括以这些化合物或其药学可接受的盐作为活性成分的药物组合物,该药 物组合物中还含有药学上接受的载体, 可以是固体形式或是液体形式, 所述的药物剂型 可以是片剂、 胶囊、 粉末剂、 颗粒剂、 混悬剂或注射剂。
"药学上接受的载体"指的是: 一种或多种相容性固体或液体填料或凝胶物质, 它 们适合于人使用, 而且必须有足够的纯度和足够低的毒性。 "相容性"在此指的是组合 物中各组份能和本发明的化合物以及它们之间相互惨和, 而不明显降低化合物的药效。 药学上可以接受的载体部分例子有纤维素及其衍生物 (如羧甲基纤维素钠、 乙基纤维素 钠、 纤维素乙酸酯等)、 明胶、 滑石、 固体润滑剂 (如硬脂酸、 硬脂酸镁)、 硫酸钙、 植物 油 (如豆油、芝麻油、花生油、橄榄油等)、 多元醇 (如丙二醇、甘油、甘露醇、 山梨醇等)、 乳化剂 (如吐温 ®)、 润湿剂 (如十二垸基硫酸钠)、 着色剂、 调味剂、 稳定剂、 抗氧化剂、 防腐剂、 无热原水等。
使用药物组合物时, 是将安全有效量的本发明化合物适用于需要治疗的哺乳动物 (如人), 其中施用时剂量为药学上认为的有效给药剂量, 对于 60kg体重的人而言, 日给 药剂量通常为 l〜2000mg, 优选 20〜500mg。 当然, 具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、 病人 健康状况等因素, 这些都是熟练医师技能范围之内的。 本发明的主要优点在于:
(a) 提供了一类结构新颖的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物。
(b) 具有广谱的抗肿瘤活性, 对多种实体瘤有显著的抑制生长的作用。
(c) 化学结构稳定, 有望开发成为创新抗肿瘤药物。 具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说明本发明 而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 通常按照常规 条件, 或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 除非另外说明, 否则百分比和份数是重量百分比 和重量份数。所有的起始材料和试剂在现有技术中都是众所周知的, 并且可以容易地获 得或者用文献所述的方法来进行制备。 实施例 1: N4-正丁酰吉西他滨 (SYN-140)的合成
在 50 mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入吉西他滨 0.44 g(1.67 mmol),无水吡啶 5 mL, 1.1 mL 三乙基氯硅垸, 室温搅拌 1.5小时。 得溶液 A; 在此同时将 0.16 g(1.81 mmol)正丁酸溶 于 4 mL乙腈中, 加入 0.33 g (2.03 mmol)羰基二咪唑, 室温搅拌 0.5小时, 将此溶液滴 入溶液 A, 60°C保温搅拌过夜, 反应液减压蒸去溶剂, 残留物溶于 5mL甲醇, 滴加 lmL 三氟乙酸, 搅拌 0.5小时, 倒入 50mL乙酸乙酯,收集析出固体, 溶液用饱和食盐水洗涤 15mLx2,水洗一次, 无水硫酸钠干燥有机相, 回收溶剂, 残留物和前面析出固体合并得 粗产品, 粗产品经硅胶柱层析, 甲醇: 氯仿 (2:98-4:96)洗脱, 产品纯度大于 95%, 收率 85%。
MP: 198°C, 1H NM (DMSO-d6) 5:11.0(lH,s), 8.22 (1H, d, J=7.8Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J=7.8Hz),6.29 (1H, d, J=6.6Hz),6.16 (1H, t, J=7.2Hz), 5.26 (1H, brs),4.18 (1H, m), 3.88 (1H, m), 3.79 (1H, m), 3.64 (1H, m), 2.37 (2H, t,J=7.2Hz), 1.56 (2H, m), 0.87 (3H, t, J=7.2Hz). ESIMS m/z (rel intensity): 334 (M+H+, 100). 实施例 2: N4-苯丁酰吉西他滨 (SYN-141)的合成
参照实施例 1的方法制备, 不同点在于, 用苯丁酸 (1.81 mmol)代替正丁酸。
MP: l i re, 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ:11·0(1Η, s), 8.22 (1H, d, J=7.8Hz), 7.27 (3H, m),7.18 (3H, m), 6.29 (IH, d, J=6.6Hz), 6.16 (IH, t, J=7.2Hz), 5.28 (1H, brs),4.18 (1H, m). 3.88 (1H, m), 3.80 (1H, m), 3.65 (1H, m), 2.58 (2H, t, J=7.2Hz), 2.45 (2H, m), 1.87 (2H, m. J=7.2Hz), ESIMS m/z (rel intensity): 410 (M+H+, 100). 实施例 3: N4-正戊酰吉西他滨 (SYN-147)的合成
参照实施例 1的方法制备, 不同点在于, 用正戊酸 (1.81 mmol)代替正丁酸。
MP: 184 °C, 1H NM (DMSO-d6) δ:10.96 (1H, s),8.22 (1H, d, J=7.8Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J=7.8Hz), 6.29 (1H, brs), 6.16 (1H, t, J=7.2Hz), 5.28 (1H, brs), 4.18 (1H, m), 3.88 (1H, m),3.79 (1H, m), 3.63 (1H, m), 2.40 (2H, t, J=7.2Hz), 1.52 (2H, m), 1.28 (2H, m), 0.86 (3H, t, J=7.2Hz), ESIMS m/z (rel intensity): 348 (M+H+, 100). 实施例 4: N4-正辛酰吉西他滨 (SYN-165)的合成
参照实施例 1的方法制备, 不同点在于, 用正辛酸 (1.81 mmol)代替正丁酸。
MP: 139°C, 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 10.96 (1H, s),8.22 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz), 6.30 (1H, d, J=6.6Hz), 6.16 (1H, t, J=7.5Hz), 5.28 (1H, t, J=5.4Hz), 4.18 (1H, m),3.88 (1H, m), 3.79 (1H, m), 3.63 (lH,m), 2.39 (2H, t, J=7.2Hz ),1.53 (2H, m),1.24 (8H, brs), 0.84 (3H, t, J=7.2Hz), ESIMS m/z (rel intensity): 390 (M+H+, 100) 实施例 5: N4-正壬酰吉西他滨 (SYN-168)的合成
参照实施例 1的方法制备, 不同点在于, 用正壬酸 (1.81 mmol)代替正丁酸。
1H NM (DMSO-d6) δ:10.97 (1H, s),8.23 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz), 6.30 (1H, d, J=6.6Hz), 6.16 (1H, t, J=7.5Hz), 5.28 (1H, t, J=5.4Hz), 4.18 (1H, m), 3.88 (1H, m),3.79 (1H, m), 3.63 (1H, m), 2.39 (2H, t, J=7.2Hz ), 1.53 (2H, m), 1.24 (10H, brs), 0.84 (3H, t, J=7.2Hz)
ESIMS m/z (rel intensity): 404 (M+H+, 100) 实施例 6: N4-正癸酰吉西他滨 (SYN-170)的合成
参照实施例 1的方法制备, 不同点在于, 用正癸酸 (1.81 mmol)代替正丁酸。
1H NM (DMSO-d6) δ:10.96 (1H, s),8.22 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz), 6.29 (1H, d, J=6.6Hz), 6.15 (1H, t, J=7.5Hz), 5.28 (1H, t, J=5.4Hz), 4.18 (lH,m), 3.88 (1H, m), 3.79 (1H, m), 3.63 (1H, m), 2.39 (2H, t, J=7.2Hz ), 1.53 (2H, m), 1.25 (12H, brs), 0.84 (3H, t. J=7.2Hz)
ESIMS m/z (rel intensity): 418 (M+H+, 100) 实施例 7: N4-软脂酰吉西他滨 (SYN-173)的合成
参照实施例 1的方法制备, 不同点在于, 用软脂酸 (1.81 mmol)代替正丁酸。
1H NM (DMSO-d6) δ:10.97 (1H, s),8.23 (1H, d, J=7.6Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J=7.6Hz), 6.31 (1H, d, J=6.6Hz), 6.16 (1H, t, J=7.5Hz), 5.28 (1H, t, J=5.4Hz), 4.17 (1H, m), 3.88 (1H, m), 3.79 (1H, m),3.63 (1H, m), 2.38 (2H, t, J=7.2Hz ),1.54 (2H, m), 1.24 (24H, brs), 0.84 (3H, t, J=7.2Hz)
ESIMS m/z (rel intensity): 502 (M+H+, 100) 实施例 8: N4-正二十碳酰吉西他滨 (SYN-178)的合成
参照实施例 1的方法制备, 不同点在于, 用正二十酸 (1.81 mmol)代替正丁酸。
1H NM (DMSO-d6) δ:10.96 (1H, s),8.22 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz), 6.30 (1H, d, J=6.6Hz), 6.16 (1H, t, J=7.5Hz), 5.28 (1H, t, J=5.4Hz), 4.18 (1H, m), 3.88 (1H, m),3.79 (1H, m),3.63 (1H, m),2.39 (2H, t, J=7.2Hz ), 1.53 (2H, m), 1.26 (32H, brs), 0.85 (3H, t, J=7.2Hz)
ESIMS m/z (rel intensity): 558 (M+H+, 100) 实施例 9: N4-正二十二碳酰吉西他滨 (SYN-182)的合成
参照实施例 1的方法制备, 不同点在于, 用正二十二酸 (1.81 mmol)代替正丁酸。
1H NM (DMSO-d6) δ:10.97 (1H, s), 8.23 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz), 6.30 (1H, d, J=6.6Hz), 6.16 (1H, t, J=7.5Hz), 5.28 (1H, t, J=5.4Hz), 4.18 (1H, m),3.88 (1H, m),3.79 (1H, m), 3.63 (1H, m), 2.39 (2H, t, J=7.2Hz ), 1.53 (2H, m), 1.25 (36H,brs), 0.84 (3H, t, J=7.2Hz)
ESIMS m/z (rel intensity): 586 (M+H+, 100) 实施例 10: 体外抗肿瘤活性测试试验
1. 实验瘤株: 本实验采用肿瘤细胞株系分别为: A549(人肺癌细胞)、 HCT116(人结肠癌细胞)、 HepG2(人肝癌细胞)、 ZR-75-30(人乳腺癌细胞 X购自上海医药工业研究院)。
2. 样品配制:
用 DMSO(Merck)溶解后, 加入 PBS (-)配成 lOOO g/ml的溶液或均匀的混悬液, 然 后用含 DMSO的 PBS (-)稀释。 阳性对照药为吉西他滨 (GEM)和礼来公司开发的
Figure imgf000010_0001
3. 试验方法
MTT法: 96孔板每孔加入浓度为 4〜5 X 104个 /ml的细胞悬液 100 μ1, 置 37 °C, 5% CO2培养箱内。 24 h后, 加入样品液, ΙΟ μΙ/孔, 设双复孔, 37°C, 5% CO2作用 72 h。 每孔加入 5 mg/ml的 MTT溶液 20 μ1, 作用 4 h后加入溶解液, 100 μΐ/孔, 置培养箱内, 溶解后用 ΜΚ-2全自动酶标仪测定 570 nm OD值。
测试结果表明, 本发明的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物对人肺癌、 结肠癌、 肝癌和乳腺癌等 多种肿瘤细胞显示了较好的广谱抗肿瘤活性 (见表 1)。 表 1是部分化合物的体外抗肿瘤 活性的具体数据。
表 1 部分样品对人体肿瘤细胞的体外增殖抑制作用
Figure imgf000010_0002
从表 1可知, 本发明中的部分吉西他滨酰胺衍生物对人肺癌、 结肠癌、 肝癌和乳腺 癌显示了较好的广谱抗肿瘤活性, 在多种肿瘤细胞上均显著优于临床在研药物
LY-2334737, 这一切都预示着本发明的化合物有着良好的开发前景。 实施例 11: 美国国立癌症研究所 (NCI) 60种人肿瘤细胞体外细胞毒活性筛选结果 化合物 SYN-141、 SYN-165在美国 NCI进行了系统的细胞毒活性测试。 结果见图 1和 2, 测试结果表明, 这些化合物对人白血病、 非小细胞肺癌、 结肠癌、 中枢神经系统 (CNS)癌症、 黑色素瘤、 卵巢癌、 肾癌、 前列腺癌和乳腺癌等都显示了良 好的广谱抗肿瘤活性。 SYN-165的 MGM为 -7.12, 即该化合物对人 60种肿瘤细胞的总 平均 GI50为 75.8nM。 SYN-141的 MGM为 -6.21, 即该化合物对人 60种肿瘤细胞的总 平均 GI50为 0.62 μΜ。 实施例 12: 体内抗肿瘤活性试验
运用文献方法 (魏泓. 医学实验动物学. 第 2版. 成都: 四川科学技术出版社, 2001 : 595-596)对部分化合物在人结肠癌细胞 HCT116 裸鼠移植瘤模型进行体内活性测试实 验, 发现在 0.1-10 mg/kg体重剂量下, 本发明化合物 SYN-140、 SYN-14K SYN-147、 SYN-165 具有良好的体内抗肿瘤活性, 在相同剂量下, 显著优于阳性对照药物
Figure imgf000011_0001
综上, 本发明的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物具有广谱抗肿瘤活性, 特别是部分化合物对肺 癌、 结肠癌、 肝癌和乳腺癌具有较强的抗肿瘤活性, 具有很好的开发价值。 本发明为深 入研究和开发新的抗肿瘤药物开辟了新的途径和方向。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引 用作为参考那样。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本领域技术人员 可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定 的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一类通式 (I)所示的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐、 溶剂化物或多 晶型物:
Figure imgf000012_0001
式中, R为取代或未取代的 C1-21直链或支链的垸基, 但是正丁基、 1-丙基丁基、 正十一垸基和正十七垸基除外; R也可为与取代苯基直接连接的 C1-8垸基;
所述的取代是指被下列一个或多个取代基所取代: 氢、 C1-6垸基、 C1-6卤代垸基、 C2-5烯基、 C2-5炔基、 C1-5垸氧基、 卤素、 硝基、 氰基、 羟基、 氨基、 羧基和氧代。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的化合物, 其特征在于, R为直链垸基。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的化合物, 其特征在于, R为正丙基、 正庚基、 苯丙基中的任
4.一种如权利要求 1至 3任何一项所述的化合物在用于制备抗病毒药物或制备治 疗肿瘤的药物中的用途。
5.一种通式 (I)所示的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物在用于制备抗病毒药物或制备治疗肿瘤 的药物中的用途, 其特征在于 R为正
Figure imgf000012_0002
6. 如权利要求 4或 5所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的肿瘤为乳腺癌、 肺癌、 肝 癌、 结肠癌、 胰腺癌、 T细胞淋巴瘤、 软组织肉瘤、 何杰金氏淋巴瘤、 非何杰金氏淋巴 瘤、 卵巢癌或膀胱癌。
7. 一种组合物, 含有安全有效量的如权利要求 1至 3任何一项所述的化合物及药 学上接受的载体。
8. 一种组合物, 含有一种通式 (I)所示的安全有效量的吉西他滨酰胺衍生物及药学 上接受的载体, 其特征在于 R为正丁
Figure imgf000013_0001
9. 如权利要求 7或 8所述的组合物, 其特征在于所述的组合物是片剂、 胶囊或注 射剂。
10.一种如权利要求 1至 3任何一项所述的化合物的制备方法, 包括下列步骤: 将 吉西他滨、 无水吡啶、 三乙基氯硅垸, 室温搅拌得混合液; 在此同时将对应的羧酸溶于 乙腈中,加入缩合剂, 室温搅拌, 将此溶液滴入前面的含有吉西他滨的混合液, 在 30-60 °〇保温搅拌过夜, 反应液浓缩, 残留物溶于适量有机溶剂, 滴加三氟乙酸并搅拌, 回收 溶剂得粗产品, 经硅胶柱层析得到纯的目标产物。
11. 一种制备如权利要求 1所述的通式 (I)化合物的方法, 其特征在于, 包括步骤: 在惰性溶剂中, 将吉西他滨与 RCOOH进行缩合反应, 从而形成通式 (I)化合物;
其中, 各式中的 R定义如权利要求 1中所述。
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