WO2013016765A1 - A capacitive wetness sensor and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
A capacitive wetness sensor and method for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013016765A1 WO2013016765A1 PCT/AU2012/000900 AU2012000900W WO2013016765A1 WO 2013016765 A1 WO2013016765 A1 WO 2013016765A1 AU 2012000900 W AU2012000900 W AU 2012000900W WO 2013016765 A1 WO2013016765 A1 WO 2013016765A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- absorbent article
- sensor device
- sensing elements
- sensing element
- sensing
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/42—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators with wetness indicator or alarm
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
- A61F13/15699—Forming webs by bringing together several webs, e.g. by laminating or folding several webs, with or without additional treatment of the webs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/20—Tampons, e.g. catamenial tampons; Accessories therefor
- A61F13/2051—Tampons, e.g. catamenial tampons; Accessories therefor characterised by the material or the structure of the inner absorbing core
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
- G01N27/225—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity by using hygroscopic materials
Definitions
- An alternative contactless receiver coupling may be achieved by providing an inductive component that is formed on or into an antenna attachment which may be placed over a surface of the absorbent article such that the antenna circumscribes an area in which the sensing elements and their transmission coils are located.
- the antenna attachment may include a substrate onto or into which the inductive component/transmission coil has been formed, which substrate may be held in place with an adhesive in a manner similar to application of a panty liner, napkin or the like.
- the substrate may be a flexible layer formed from a material selected from the group including but not limited to a polymer, a non-woven material, a woven material, paper and hemp.
- the substrate comprises a garment such as an overpant worn by a subject over an absorbent article.
- the substrate is a pad or napkin or the like which is removably attachable e.g. to an external surface of an absorbent article worn by the subject.
- the substrate may be attachable by means of adhesive backing on one of the substrate of the antenna attachment and the absorbent article.
- FIGS 7a and 7b are simplified diagrams of sensing elements comprising inductive, capacitive and resistive components, according to embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 1 1 is a schematic illustration showing a portion of a conductive element with flow control features, according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 1 1 a is an expanded view of section A of Figure 1 1 .
- the relationship between wetness and capacitance is linear as the wetting substance (mainly water) replaces air in the absorbent fill layer causing a permittivity change proportional to the volume of wetting substance present.
- the change in capacitance may depend also on the geometry (i.e. shape) of the wetted region and the capacitance may not exactly be proportional to volume.
- the dielectric region 103 between first and second conductive members 102a, 102b includes part of the absorbent fill or sap of the absorbent article. When a wetness event occurs within the article, the fill layer becomes saturated, either entirely or in part. This changes the permittivity of the dielectric region which alters the capacitance measurable between those members.
- the equation governing capacitance between two conductive members is:
- A is the overlapping area of the conducting members/plates
- spacers may be incorporated between the first and second conductive members 102a, 102b of Figure 1 a and 1 b in order to maintain a substantially constant dielectric distance d, even during movement of the subject.
- FIG 2a coupling points 1 10 are provided for coupling the sensor element to a receiver.
- Figure 2b shows the same sensing element of Figure 2a, but with coils 04 in place of contact points 1 10, enabling contactless coupling with a receiver.
- Figure 3a shows a further embodiment of the invention.
- the sensor element is similar to that shown in Figure 1 and further includes a third conductive member 102c positioned between the first and second conductive members 102a, 102b.
- the electrical behaviour which indicates a change in wetness or the occurrence of a wetness event is measured as a relative change in capacitance between, on the one hand: the first and second conductive elements 102a, 102b across distance d1 ; and on the other hand: either the third and second conductive elements 102c, 102b across distance d2, or the first and third conductive elements 102a, 102c across distance d3.
- the conductive members 102a, 102b, 102c forming capacitive sensing element 102 are configured for direct coupling with a receiver using contact coupling points 1 10.
- Direct coupling may utilise any suitable form of electrical contact such as clamps, clips, hooks, or the like which enable a releasably connectable receiver to form a physical electrical connection with and thus monitor the sensing element 102 for changes in electrical behaviour which indicate the occurrence of a wetness event in the absorbent article. In one embodiment, this requires the edges of the conductive members to extend beyond an edge of the absorbent article for direct electrical connection to a contact coupling in the receiver.
- connecting strips, tracks or other elements may connect the edges of the conductive elements 102a, 102b, 102c to a coupling point 1 10 for connection to a receiver.
- each of the conductive members 102a, 102b simplifies connection with a receiver by direct, i.e. contact coupling with the sensing element 102 at coupling points 1 10.
- incorporating a third conductive member 102c into the absorbent layers of the pad may introduce fabrication complexities that are not easily dealt with.
- one of the conductive members forms a substrate layer of the absorbent article, so as to replace one layer in the manufacturing process.
- a conductive member forms an external layer or substrate of the pad it is desirable that it is substantially non-permeable to exudates arising from incontinence events to avoid wetness passing all the way through the absorbent article.
- second and third conductive members are fabricated into the article as intermediate layers, it is desirable that these are permeable to liquid so as to minimise interference with usual performance of the absorbent article in trapping moisture from the subject and/or wicking it away from the subject's skin.
- the conductive members may be hydrophilic to draw liquid away from the subject and toward the sensing elements.
- Figures 1 a, 2a and 3a show arrangements for contact coupling with a receiver using contact points 110.
- Figures 1 b, 2b and 3b show an alternative to contact points 1 10, in the form of coils 104, 104a and 104b for contactless coupling between the sensor device and a receiver provided for use with the sensing device.
- first and second plates 102a, 102b are connected to inductive components illustrated as coils 104a, 104b.
- both inductive components 104a, 104b are connected to the third conductive plate 102c to facilitate measurement of the common mode voltage as described above.
- the coils 104a permit inductive coupling with a corresponding receiver coil in a receiver device with which the sensor device is used.
- the same or similar contactless coupling approach used to derive the design in Figure 3b from Figure 3a can be also be applied to the designs in Figures 1 a and 2a to create designs in figures 1 b and 2b respectively.
- the sensor device is configured to operate with a receiver device incorporating an inductive component (i.e. receiver antenna) for receiving signals from one or more inductive components (i.e. transmitter antennas) associated with the sensor device without direct contact coupling with the receiver.
- an inductive component i.e. receiver antenna
- inductive components i.e. transmitter antennas
- a clamp, clip or similar releasable fastener which is provided on or in contact with the receiver may be used to position the receiver antenna (primary inductor coil) over one or more transmitter antennas (secondary inductor coils) connected to the sensing elements.
- a clamp may contain a magnetic core material (such as ferrite or iron powder) shaped to increase the coupling efficiency between receiver and transmitter antenna and to decrease the losses (HF transformer).
- resistive elements may be incorporated into the sensor, e.g. by printing or depositing the resistive elements together with each sensing element onto a substrate, using thermistor type ink or the like. Using this ink, the component's electrical resistance depends on the temperature and can be used to provide additional information about the temperature local to the thermistor element, as well as wetness sensed by resonance elements 502a-d. Resistance changes cause changes in the damping factor in the resonance circuit that may be detected by the receiver to indicate a temperature change.
- the capacitive sensing element may be combined with a variable resistance, where a change of conductance measurable between conductive elements is used directly to detect wetness.
- a change of conductance measurable between conductive elements is used directly to detect wetness.
- the conductive elements (SEN1 , SEN2, SEN3, SEN4) are not encapsulated in liquid impermeable material. Rather, they can act as conductors between which a circuit may be connected by way of electrolyte fluid (e.g. urine).
- electrolyte fluid e.g. urine
- the capability of. each resonance circuit to detect wetness is limited to indicate merely the physical zone where the wetness is detected within the absorbent article.
- Sensor devices employing resonance circuits in the sensing elements are advantageous in that they are readily amenable to contactless coupling with a receiver. Further, in the arrangements illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, the expected range of excitation frequencies utilized would typically be in the megahertz range.
- the signal source drives the sensing elements at a number of different frequencies to ascertain if there has been a shift away from the characteristic resonance frequency and if so, what the new resonance frequency is.
- the different frequencies may be applied at discrete values.
- the signal source device 600 drives the sensing element with a swept frequency signal which ideally includes the resonance frequency of each sensing element in the sensor device to ascertain a) if there has been a change in resonance behavior of the sensing element an if so, b) to ascertain the nature of the change (e.g. the new resonance frequency or new Q factor).
- a change in resonance behavior may be determined by checking e.g. the amplitude or the current of the received signal.
- a change in the resonance frequency value will indicate wetness has occurred in the vicinity of a sensing element.
- the swept frequency range applied depends on the size and geometry of the sensor device. A range of 1 MHz to 500 MHz may be useful, more preferably a range of 1 MHz to 5 MHz is likely to work best with the sensing elements, and in particular the likely capacitance ranges " of the sensing element designs; this frequency range is believed to have several benefits, including:
- swept frequencies by the signal source device 600 is particularly useful with a sensor device containing a plurality of sensing elements which each has a unique resonance behavior that is individually identifiable by the signal source/oscillator.
- a wideband impulse such as a step function or a narrow pulse can be used as the excitation signal.
- the sensing element response to such excitation contains information about the resonance behavior of each sensing element.
- Such response may be analyzed using e.g. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and/or other techniques.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- RF chips may be more reliable and energy efficient.
- Using a RF chip may also simplify connection to receivers by removing the need for alignment between corresponding inductive coils in the primary and secondary windings during contactless coupling. Since the RF circuit has the ability to control excitation signals to each of the resonance circuits in the absorbent article individually, they may in turn exhibit clearer resonance behaviors. This makes signal processing easier to manage. Further, using RF chip technology may address coupling losses observed with use of air cored transformers (such as antenna 990) in inductive couplings as a feedback signal from the RF chip is relatively strong, releasing stored energy during short transmission bursts.
- the resonance circuit of Figure 7a has an inductive component, L; a capacitive component, C; and a resistive component, R.
- the circuit can be tuned to provide a "characteristic resonance". This can be set by fixing two of the components (e.g. by fixing L and C) and varying the third component (e.g. R). It is hypothesized that controlling the capacitor value C gives preferential control over the resonance characteristics of the sensing element. Further, because of the large surface area of the capacitive component this gives rise to greater sensitivity to wetness entering the absorbent article. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment it is the capacitance value (and optionally the resistance value) in the resonance circuit that is tuned to arrive at a characteristic resonance behavior for a sensing element.
- Figure 7b shows an alternative embodiment in which the inductive element L winds around the planar interdigitated capacitive element, C.
- the capacitive component C is in the form of interdigitated fingers forming conductive members 402a and 402b.
- the interdigitated fingers of component C are encapsulated within a water impermeable material and are thus isolated from wetness in the absorbent article. This prevents the components of the sensing element from behaving as conductors. The dielectric layer between them is affected by wetness arising from incontinence events. Thus the dielectric layer between the interdigitated members 402a and 402b undergoes permittivity changes during wetness events, thereby influencing the capacitance value and hence the resonance characteristics of the sensing element 400.
- Figures 7a and 7b shows a planar capacitor C having interdigitated fingers
- typical parallel plate capacitors may be used.
- the capacitor element may run along an extended length of the sensor device, e.g. to cover a large area of the absorbent article into which the sensor device is incorporated.
- This is exemplified in the schematic drawing of Figure 8a which shows another single element resonant capacitor sensing element.
- sensing element 400 extends along a length of an absorbent article 850 and is in communication with an inductive component 404 (secondary coil behaving as a transmitter) toward one end of the article.
- the sensing element 400 is coupled, via induction, with a primary coil 204 (shown in broken lines) inside clamp 200 which contains or is attached to or further coupled with a receiver device (not shown).
- Figures 10b, 10c and 10d show interdigitated capacitors with first conductive member 1012, second conductive member 1022 and substrate layer 1004 there between.
- flow channels in the form of holes 1050 are provided in the conductive members 1012, 1022 and the substrate layer 1.004 that they are printed onto.
- the holes 1030 are formed in the substrate layer 1004, but not the conductive members of the capacitor so as to avoid direct exposure of the conductive members to moisture.
- the holes are larger slots, formed, in the substrate layer 1004.
- the shapes of the holes, slits or channels are ideally determined to maximize absorption of liquid into the absorbent layers of the pad and away from the skin and to minimize the flow of liquid back from the absorbent core toward the subject, when the absorbent article is subject to pressure from the subject sitting or moving.
- the conductive members may be bonded, laminated, covered, coated with or made from a material which is minimally hydrophobic on its underside (distal the subject's skin) to maximize wicking of liquid away from the sensing elements.
- This material may comprise a material already used in the construction of the absorbent article for example in the ADL (Acquisition and Distribution Layer).
- part or all of the area of a conducting member which may come into contact with wetness during use may have one or more wetness flow control features which may enhance performance of the sensor.
- the features may apply to the conducting member itself, or to a material layer applied either directly or indirectly to the conducting member which has features that influence the spread of moisture over the conducting member.
- the flow control features are surface features in the form of a grid formed in a hydrophilic material layer 700 applied or bonded with adhesive 710, to the conducting member 720.
- the grid may be etched, inscribed, scored, shaped, moulded, stamped or otherwise formed in the material layer 700 or the conducting member 720 in such a way that each grid element (cell) 700a is bounded by an absence or reduction in hydrophilic material.
- the geometric design of the grid will depend on the underlying sensor design, however it will typically be a quadrilateral structure, typically with rectangular elements of length L and width W that are millimeters or low tens of millimeters, and with a controlled gap of low millimeters or fractions of millimeters between each grid element being a gap X adjacent to the length of the grid element and a gap Y adjacent to the width of the grid element for rectangular structures. See, for example, Figure 1 1 a which shows an expanded view of Section A from Figure 1 1 .
- a plurality of sensing elements each comprised of a resonance circuit such as the kind utilizing interdigitated finger capacitors, may be incorporated into an absorbent article, together forming the sensor device.
- the plurality of sensing elements may be spaced apart within the absorbent article or on a surface (e.g. inner or outer) surface of the absorbent article while worn. Spacing apart may be from front to rear of the article or from side to side, e.g. in the leg area where risk of wetness and wetness leakage may be higher.
- sensing elements may be distributed at different depths of the absorbent layer so that a processor processing signals from the sensor device can provide depth resolution as well as or as an alternative to area resolution which may indicate spread of wetness along the article.
- a first sensing element provided on or toward an outer layer of the absorbent article i.e. the layer most distal from the subject, and a second sensing element is placed on or toward the surface contacting the subject's skin. This enables the sensor device to detect the presence of wetness in 2 different layers of the absorbent article, and enables a processor processing signals obtained from the sensing elements to interpolate what is occurring within the layers of the absorbent article.
- the capacitive and inductive components within each sensing element are planar in construction. This is advantageous because the impact of movement of the subject on their characteristic performance is small compared to corresponding sensing elements which span different depths of the absorbent article such as, for example, the more traditional capacitive sensing elements of Figures 1 to 4.
- an interdigitated capacitor with arm or finger members sitting in a plane in a layer of the absorbent article enable the sensing element to flex during movement of the subject giving rise to significantly reduced impact on sensor signals arising from use of the sensing element.
- each of the sensing elements in or on the absorbent article is encapsulated or coated in a waterproof or liquid impermeable material. This prevents formation of an electrical circuit between electrically conductive components of the sensing elements in the presence of an electrolyte such as water or urine.
- encapsulation is not provided for conductive sensing elements incorporated into the sensor device.
- a plurality of sensing elements e.g. of the kind shown in Figures 7a, 7b and 10a to 10d may be fabricated onto a continuous substrate or intermediate layer which is spooled onto a roll.
- the substrate may be a liquid permeable polymer, non-woven or woven material, hemp, wadding or other substrate layer suitable for incorporation into the absorbent article. Fabrication may involve printed electronics techniques in which the sensing elements are printed directly onto a substrate layer using conductive ink (e.g. silver), carbon nano-tubes or the like. It is envisaged that utilizing printed electronics on a polymer substrate such as Mylar or Polyimide is likely to produce a sensor which is less likely to fail due to discontinuities in the conductive pattern caused by stretching during fabrication.
- the layout of the sensing elements is distributed so that there is minimal bulging when the fabricated material is spooled onto a roll.
- distribution of the sensing elements may involve alternating lateral displacement of the elements and/or staggering them when fabricated onto the substrate, to avoid or minimize stacking of the elements when the substrate is spooled.
- Spooling may include or be substituted by, e.g. rolling the fabricated substrate onto a spool core, or folding it in a zigzag manner.
- the roll of substrate having the sensing elements fabricated into it may then be used as feedstock into a typical pad production line e.g. of the kind already used to produce diapers and absorbent pads.
- the sensing elements may be manufactured individually using printed circuit board techniques (ideally on a flexible substrate) or other techniques and placed into absorbent articles including pads, diapers and the like using a pick and place approach. This may facilitate placement of sensing elements in different layers of the absorbent articles during the production process which provides depth resolution as well as area resolution , in the detection of wetness.
- this typically involves use of robotics which requires significant plant investment. This approach may also lead to a reduction in typical pad manufacturing throughput which, for pads not containing sensors is typically 300 to 500 pads per minute.
- Robotics employed to manufacture pads incorporating sensing elements may involve use of a vacuum to pick up and place the sensing elements over the various pad layers during reproduction.
- a vacuum placement approach has positioning specificity whilst not requiring physical grasping or gripping of the sensing elements which could scratch or otherwise damage components of those sensing elements.
- Placement of sensing elements within an absorbent article may be e.g. on a base layer of the article, under a cover stock or over a cover stock used in the article.
- the cutting drum is servo-driven to a registration mark on the un- cut material to ensure correct placement of the blade prior to cutting.
- the registration mark may be a visible mark or a mark provided which fluoresces when irradiated e.g. with ultra-violet energy.
- the registration mark may be a notch, hole, protrusion or node which is magnetically or electronically detectable, and/or may utilize the resonance of individual sensing elements incorporated on or into the absorbent layers.
- a registration mark is provided as a guide for location of a receiver device being attached to the absorbent article.
- the registration mark may provide tactile or physical coupling cues, e.g. by providing one or more holes that are alignable with one or more protrusions in the receiver before it is clamped onto the absorbent article. These tactile or physical cues may help users to correctly align the inductive coils in the receiver and absorbent article during use.
- resonance circuits in the sensing elements enables detection of wetness by monitoring changes in e.g. resonance frequency which is typically more accurate than sensing changes in amplitude, as in the case with existing incontinence sensors that rely on changes in resistance in a simple conductive wetness sensor.
- the device has minimal compliance issues with standards such as e.g. IEC 60601 .
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/236,255 US9314381B2 (en) | 2011-08-01 | 2012-07-31 | Capacitive wetness sensor and method for manufacturing the same |
EP12820230.6A EP2739254B1 (en) | 2011-08-01 | 2012-07-31 | A capacitive wetness sensor and method for manufacturing the same |
CA2876622A CA2876622C (en) | 2011-08-01 | 2012-07-31 | A capacitive wetness sensor and method for manufacturing the same |
AU2012289823A AU2012289823B2 (en) | 2011-08-01 | 2012-07-31 | A capacitive wetness sensor and method for manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201161513734P | 2011-08-01 | 2011-08-01 | |
US61/513,734 | 2011-08-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2013016765A1 true WO2013016765A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
Family
ID=47628548
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/AU2012/000900 WO2013016765A1 (en) | 2011-08-01 | 2012-07-31 | A capacitive wetness sensor and method for manufacturing the same |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US9314381B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2739254B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2012289823B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2876622C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013016765A1 (en) |
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CN102387248A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-03-21 | 华为终端有限公司 | Method and mobile terminal for configuring application mode |
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DE102012013474A1 (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2014-01-09 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Device for detecting moisture for a device for monitoring access to a patient |
GB201300470D0 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-02-27 | Smith & Nephew | Moisture indicator dressing |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2739254B1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
AU2012289823A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
EP2739254A4 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
US9314381B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 |
US20140296808A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
CA2876622C (en) | 2018-06-05 |
EP2739254A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
AU2012289823B2 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
CA2876622A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
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