WO2012171367A1 - 一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床 - Google Patents

一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床 Download PDF

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WO2012171367A1
WO2012171367A1 PCT/CN2012/072110 CN2012072110W WO2012171367A1 WO 2012171367 A1 WO2012171367 A1 WO 2012171367A1 CN 2012072110 W CN2012072110 W CN 2012072110W WO 2012171367 A1 WO2012171367 A1 WO 2012171367A1
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Prior art keywords
axis
axis direction
box
drive shaft
tool
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PCT/CN2012/072110
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张春晖
李锡晗
阳益江
鲁新中
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湖南中大创远数控装备有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/56—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/60—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/62—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides
    • B23Q1/621—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B23Q1/626—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F9/00—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
    • B23F9/08—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob
    • B23F9/10—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob with a face-mill

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a numerical control processing device, in particular to a spiral bevel gear processing machine tool, and further to a milling machine and a gear grinding machine for processing a spiral bevel gear.
  • the spiral bevel gear processing equipment has a mechanical spiral bevel gear machining machine and a numerical control spiral bevel gear machining machine.
  • the structure and adjustment of the mechanical spiral bevel gear processing machine is the most complicated in the gear machine. See Figure 1
  • the existing CNC spiral bevel gear processing machine directly controls three linear axes (ie, X, Y, Z axes) and three rotating axes (ie, A, B, C) using a computer.
  • the shaft simulates the machining movement of the mechanical spiral bevel gear to machine the spiral bevel gear.
  • the CNC spiral bevel gear processing machine converts the complex mechanical structure into software control, realizing the informationization and intelligence of spiral bevel gear processing.
  • the above structure is used along the tool box The Y-axis, the linkage of the workpiece box along the X-axis simulates the rotation of the tool around the axis of the cradle, and the function of the tool tilting mechanism is changed to the swing of the B-axis.
  • This structure does not fully play the role of numerical control technology, and has the following main defects:
  • the tool box is mounted on the column (8) through the stacked slides, in order to be installed on the horizontal slide (10) )
  • the tool ( 26 ) on the tool box ( 13 ) is machined to the workpiece, and the tool spindle ( 25 ) must be extended long enough to enlarge the tool ( 26 )
  • the overhang ratio of the force point to the support distance of the spindle bearing causes the tool spindle (25) to be less rigid.
  • the machine structure is designed to process the left and right spiral bevel gears, and the machining points of the machine tool are respectively on the workpiece ( 27 ).
  • the upper and lower positions of the machine lead to a large change in the machining point position of the machine tool.
  • the tool box has a long stroke in the Y direction and a high position of the machining point. These are not very good for the overall machining rigidity of the machine tool.
  • the three linear motion axes of the structure X, Y and Z are designed to be relatively scattered, resulting in a large footprint of the machine tool and poor protection.
  • the X-axis slide (28) of this structure is sliding along the X direction during machining, and the X-direction guide rails (16, 17) ) needs to be installed on the bed ( 1 ), causing the chip flute ( 29 ) not to open to the entire processing area, although this structure can be used in X Armor-type steel protection is installed on the shaft, but the iron filings are not well cleaned. This is especially the case when milling the teeth, a large amount of iron filings are particularly likely to accumulate on the machine.
  • the publication number is CN1457279
  • the patent application publication specification describes a machine for producing a bevel gear which completely designs a tool spindle and a workpiece spindle on a column, and the structure thereof not only causes high manufacturing cost but also has poor assembly workability.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and to provide a spiral cone with simple structure, good stability and reliability, high efficiency, small floor space, easy protection and chip removal, and convenient loading and unloading of workpieces and tools. Gear processing machine.
  • a spiral bevel gear processing machine tool comprising a bed body, a column, a horizontal sliding table and a tool box, wherein the column is seated on the bed body, and the column is provided on the column U with an opening facing down a through-groove, wherein the width, depth, and thickness direction of the U-shaped through groove are sequentially defined as a Y-axis, a Z-axis, and an X-axis direction of a space Cartesian Cartesian coordinate system;
  • a first linear drive shaft having a parallel axis direction and rotatable about its own axis; a first rotary shaft housing mounted on the first linear drive shaft, the first linear drive shaft driving the first return The shaft housing along the X Linear motion in the direction of the axis;
  • a second linear drive shaft that is parallel to the axis and rotatable about its own axis; the horizontal slide is mounted on the second linear drive shaft, and the second linear drive shaft drives the horizontal slide along the Y axis Direction of movement in a straight line;
  • a third linear drive shaft that is parallel to the axis and rotatable about its own axis; the tool box is mounted on the third linear drive shaft, and the third linear drive shaft drives the tool box along the Z-axis direction Linear motion.
  • the first rotary shaft housing is provided with a swing mechanism, and the swing mechanism drives a first rotary shaft provided in the first rotary shaft housing to rotate, and one end of the first rotary shaft is provided a workpiece box; a driving device is disposed in the rotating mechanism; and the driving device is selected from the group consisting of a torque motor, a gear transmission mechanism, a crank connecting rod transmission mechanism, and a worm gear transmission mechanism.
  • the workpiece box is provided with a workpiece spindle whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the first rotary shaft, and one end of the workpiece spindle is provided with a workpiece carrier mounted with the workpiece to be processed, and the other end or intermediate position is
  • the drive unit of the workpiece spindle provided in the workpiece box is connected.
  • two axial directions and X are provided in the groove of the U-shaped groove.
  • the first guiding rail with the axial direction parallel, the first rotating shaft box is matched with the first guiding rail through the first guiding groove provided on the bottom surface thereof to realize the support along the Z-axis direction and Y Positioning in the axial direction and providing guidance for linear movement of the first rotary shaft housing in the X-axis direction.
  • an axial direction and the Y are provided on the column a second guiding rail parallel to the axial direction
  • the horizontal sliding table is matched with the second guiding rail by a guiding groove provided on one side thereof to realize supporting positioning in the Z-axis direction and providing the horizontal sliding table along the Y
  • the direction of the axis is the guide for linear motion.
  • an axial direction and the Z are provided on the horizontal slide table a third guiding rail parallel to the axial direction, the tool box is matched with the third guiding rail by a guiding groove provided on one side thereof to realize positioning in the Y-axis direction and providing the tool box along the Z
  • the direction of the axis is the guide for linear motion.
  • the tool box is provided with a tool spindle having an axis parallel to the axis of the third drive shaft, and one end of the tool spindle is provided with a cutter holder for mounting a tool, and the other end or intermediate position is disposed on the cutter
  • the drive shaft of the tool spindle in the box is connected.
  • a static pressure auxiliary support is provided between the first rotary shaft housing and the workpiece box.
  • the technical principle of the present invention is that during the machining of the spiral bevel gear, the formation of the tooth surface depends on the relative movement of the tool and the workpiece, and the relative position of the tool and the workpiece is completed by three linear drive shafts, that is, the first linear drive.
  • the shaft, the second linear drive shaft, the third linear drive shaft and the three rotary shafts, namely the first rotary shaft, the tool spindle and the tool spindle, are determined.
  • the six-axis setting ensures that the tool and the workpiece can be in any desired relative position. Just fine.
  • the present invention determines various possible setting modes of three linear drive shafts and three rotary shafts and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages.
  • the process of processing a spiral bevel gear of the present invention is:
  • the spiral bevel gear is mounted on the workpiece spindle.
  • the computer first controls the rotation of the first rotary axis to drive the workpiece box (3) ) Rotating an angle around the first rotary axis, the magnitude of the rotary angle is the mounting angle of the wheel blank when the spiral bevel gear is just being processed.
  • the computer controls the first rotary axis box (19) to move along the X axis, and the horizontal slide (9) moves along the Y axis, the tool box ( 6) Moving along the Z axis, the tool is quickly moved to the starting position of the gear machining, and the tool is rotated at a given speed. If the wet cutting requires opening the coolant.
  • the first linear drive shaft, the second linear drive shaft, the third linear drive shaft, the tool spindle, and the workpiece spindle are five-axis linkage to make the tool and the workpiece to be engaged to form a tooth surface.
  • Each axis returns to the original position. (When the work door is opened) the worker removes the machined gear and replaces it with the gear to be machined.
  • the grinding wheel dresser should be used to trim the grinding wheel during preparation or processing.
  • the first rotary axis rotary table can be driven by a common precision rotary table driving method such as a torque motor or a gear transmission mechanism, a crank link transmission mechanism, a worm gear transmission mechanism, and the like.
  • the first rotary shaft realizes the left and right rotation of the spiral bevel gear by rotating ⁇ 90 °, which greatly shortens the X The stroke of the shaft.
  • the column is fixed, ensuring the high rigidity of the machine.
  • the machine tool is designed as a vertical structure, and the Z-axis stroke and the X-axis stroke are quite short, which also makes the machine tool compact and has a small footprint.
  • the overall layout of the machine tool adopts the vertical structure.
  • the loading and unloading of the workpiece and the tool is very convenient, and the workpiece is easy to realize the automatic loading and unloading of the robot.
  • the machine has fewer parts, good process performance, small floor space, easy protection and beautiful appearance.
  • Figure 1 A machine tool structure of the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the machine tool of the present invention (1 - bed body, 2 - column, 3 - workpiece box, 9 - horizontal slide, 6 - tool box)
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the machine tool of the present invention.
  • the machine tool of the invention comprises a machine tool for processing a spiral bevel gear and an arc tooth hypoid gear by means of face milling or grinding.
  • a spiral bevel gear machining machine of the present invention comprises a bed 1 , a column 2 , a workpiece box 3 , and a horizontal slide table 9 .
  • a cutter box 6 the column 2 is seated on the bed 1 , and the column 2 is provided with a U-shaped through slot with an opening facing downward, the U
  • the width, depth and thickness direction of the groove are sequentially defined as the Y axis, the Z axis and the X axis direction of the space Cartesian Cartesian coordinate system;
  • a first linear drive shaft 16 having an axis parallel to the X-axis direction and rotatable about its own axis is disposed in the U-shaped channel.
  • a first rotary shaft housing 19 is mounted on the first linear drive shaft 16, and the first linear drive shaft 16 drives the first rotary shaft housing 19 to move linearly along the X-axis direction.
  • the first guide rail 15 having an axial direction parallel to the X-axis direction is disposed in the slot of the U-shaped groove, and the first guide shaft 19 is provided with a first guide groove provided through the bottom surface thereof and the first guide Guide rail 15
  • the matching contact realizes the support in the Z-axis direction and the positioning in the Y-axis direction and provides a guide for linear movement of the first rotary shaft housing 19 in the X-axis direction;
  • the first rotary shaft housing 19 A slewing mechanism is disposed, the slewing mechanism drives a first rotary shaft 17 provided in the first rotary shaft housing 19 to rotate, and the slewing mechanism is provided with a worm gear transmission mechanism;
  • the workpiece box 3 is provided at one end thereof, and the workpiece box 3 is provided with a workpiece spindle whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the first rotary shaft 17, and one end of the workpiece spindle is provided with a workpiece carrying the workpiece
  • a second linear drive shaft having an axis parallel to the Y-axis direction and rotatable about its own axis is disposed on the column 2 11; the horizontal slide table 9 is mounted on the second linear drive shaft 11, the second linear drive shaft 11 driving the horizontal slide table 9 to move linearly along the Y-axis direction; at the column 2 And a second guiding rail 10 having an axial direction parallel to the Y-axis direction, wherein the horizontal sliding table 9 is matched with the second guiding rail 10 through a guiding groove provided on one side thereof to realize along the Z Positioning support in the axial direction and providing a guide for linear movement of the horizontal slide along the Y-axis direction;
  • a third linear drive shaft 8 having an axis parallel to the Z-axis direction and rotatable about its own axis is disposed on the horizontal slide table 9; the cutter box 6 is mounted on the third linear drive shaft 8
  • the third linear drive shaft 8 drives the cutter box 6 to move linearly along the Z-axis direction; and the horizontal slide table 9 is provided with a third guide rail 7 whose axial direction is parallel to the Z-axis direction,
  • the tool box 6 is matched with the third guide rail 7 through a guiding groove provided on one side thereof to realize positioning in the Y-axis direction and to provide a guide for linear movement of the tool box along the Z-axis direction;
  • the tool box 6 is provided with a tool spindle 5 whose axis is parallel to the axis of the third linear drive shaft 8.
  • One end of the tool spindle 5 is provided with a tool holder for mounting a tool, and the other end or intermediate position is set in the tool box.
  • the drive shaft of the tool spindle is connected to 6; a static pressure assist support 13 is provided between the first swing shaft housing 19 and the workpiece box 3.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，包括床身，立柱，水平滑台，刀具箱，所述立柱设有一个开口朝下的U形通槽并坐装在所述床身上，所述U形通槽的宽度、深度、厚度方向依次定义为空间笛卡尔直角坐标系的Y轴、Z轴、X轴方向；在所述U形通槽内设有驱动第一回转轴箱体沿X轴方向作直线运动的第一直线驱动轴；在所述立柱上设有驱动水平滑台沿Y轴方向作直线运动的第二直线驱动轴；在所述水平滑台上设有驱动刀具箱沿Z轴方向作直线运动的第三直线驱动轴；本发明结构紧凑、造价降低、性能稳定、可靠，占地面积小，机床刚度好；排屑方便且容易于实现干切削；整机零件少，工艺性能好，适于工业化生产。

Description

一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床 技术领域
本发明涉及数控加工设备，特别是指一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，进一步是指加工螺旋锥齿轮的铣齿机和磨齿机。
背景技术
现有技术中，螺旋锥齿轮加工设备有机械型螺旋锥齿轮加工机床和数控螺旋锥齿轮加工机床。机械型螺旋锥齿轮加工机床的结构和调整环节是齿轮机床中最复杂的。参见附图 1 ，现有数控螺旋锥齿轮加工机床利用计算机直接控制三个直线轴（即 X、 Y、 Z 轴）和三个转动轴（即 A 、 B 、 C 轴），以模拟机械型螺旋锥齿轮的加工运动，从而加工出螺旋锥齿轮。数控螺旋锥齿轮加工机床将复杂的机械结构转换为软件控制，实现了螺旋锥齿轮加工的信息化和智能化。上述结构是用刀具箱沿 Y 轴，工件箱沿 X 轴的联动来模拟刀具绕摇台轴线的回转，将刀倾机构的功能改为 B 轴的摆动来实现。这种结构没有充分发挥数控技术的作用，存在以下主要缺陷：
1、该结构由于立柱不动，刀具箱通过层层叠加的滑板安装在立柱（ 8 ）上，为了能让安装于水平滑台（ 10 ）上的刀具箱（ 13 ）上的刀具（ 26 ）加工到工件，不得已将刀具主轴（ 25 ）伸得很长，从而加大了刀具（ 26 ）受力点与主轴轴承支撑距离的悬伸比，导致刀具主轴（ 25 ）刚性也不太好 。
2、该机床结构设计在加工左、右旋螺旋锥齿轮时，机床的加工点分别在工件（ 27 ）的上下位置，从而导致机床的加工点位置变化很大，刀具箱在 Y 方向行程很长，加工点的位置也很高，这些对机床整体加工刚性不是很好。
3、该结构 X 、 Y 、 Z 三个直线运动轴设计得比较分散，导致机床占地面积大，不好防护。
4、该结构X 轴滑板（ 28 ）在加工过程中由于要沿 X 向滑动， X 向导轨（ 16 、 17 ）需要安装在床身（ 1 ）上，导致排屑槽（ 29 ）不能开通到整个加工区域，这种结构虽然能在 X 轴上安装盔甲式的钢防护，但是铁屑掉在防护上面还是不好清理，这种情况特别是铣齿的时候，大量的铁屑特别容易堆积在机床上。
5、为了环保和节约，螺旋锥齿轮铣齿的发展方向是干切削，即在加工时不加冷却液，切削速度很快，热量被切削带走，这就要求灼热的切削不能落在床身上，以免造成机床的热变形，图 1 的装置很难做到这一点。
6、机床零件多，占地面积大，工件装卸不方便。
公开号为 CN1457279 的专利申请公开说明书记载了一种生产锥齿轮的机器，该机器将刀具主轴和工件主轴全设计在一个立柱上，其结构不仅导致制造成本高，而且装配的工艺性不好。
技术问题
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷，提出一种结构简单，稳定性及可靠性好、效率高、占地面积小、防护与排屑容易，工件和刀具的装卸方便的螺旋锥齿轮加工机床。
技术解决方案
本发明是采用下述技术方案实现的，一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，包括床身，立柱，水平滑台，刀具箱，所述立柱坐装在所述床身上，在所述立柱上设有一个开口朝下的 U 形通槽，所述 U 形通槽的宽度、深度、厚度方向依次定义为空间笛卡尔直角坐标系的 Y 轴、 Z 轴、 X 轴方向；
在所述 U 形通槽内设有至少一根轴线与所述 X 轴方向平行并可绕自身轴线回转的第一直线驱动轴；在所述第一直线驱动轴上安装有第一回转轴箱体，所述第一直线驱动轴驱动所述第一回转轴箱体沿所述 X 轴方向作直线运动；
在所述立柱上设有至少一根轴线与所述 Y 轴方向平行并可绕自身轴线回转的第二直线驱动轴；所述水平滑台安装在所述第二直线驱动轴上，所述第二直线驱动轴驱动所述水平滑台沿所述 Y 轴方向作直线运动；
在所述水平滑台上设有至少一根轴线与所述 Z 轴方向平行并可绕自身轴线回转的第三直线驱动轴；所述刀具箱安装在所述第三直线驱动轴上，所述第三直线驱动轴驱动所述刀具箱沿所述 Z 轴方向作直线运动。
本发明中，所述第一回转轴箱体内设置有回转机构，所述回转机构驱动设于所述第一回转轴箱体中的第一回转轴转动，所述第一回转轴的一端设有工件箱；所述回转机构内设有驱动装置；所述驱动装置选自力矩电机、齿轮传动机构、曲柄连杆传动机构、蜗轮蜗杆传动机构中的一种。
本发明中，所述工件箱上设有一根轴线与所述第一回转轴的轴线垂直的工件主轴，所述工件主轴的一端设有安装被加工工件的工件承载台，另一端或中间位置与设于工件箱中的工件主轴的驱动装置连接。
本发明中，在所述 U 形槽的槽中设有两根轴线方向与 X 轴方向平行的所述第一导向导轨，所述第一回转轴箱体通过其底面设置的第一导向槽与所述第一导向导轨匹配接触实现沿 Z 轴方向的支撑及 Y 轴方向的定位并提供所述第一回转轴箱体沿所述 X 轴方向作直线运动的导向。
本发明中，在所述立柱上设有轴线方向与所述 Y 轴方向平行的第二导向导轨，所述水平滑台通过其一个侧面设置的导向槽与所述第二导向导轨匹配接触实现沿 Z 轴方向的支撑定位并提供所述水平滑台沿所述 Y 轴方向作直线运动的导向 。
本发明中，在所述水平滑台上设有轴线方向与所述 Z 轴方向平行的第三导向导轨，所述刀具箱通过其一个侧面设置的导向槽与所述第三导向导轨匹配接触实现沿 Y 轴方向的定位并提供所述刀具箱沿所述 Z 轴方向作直线运动的导向。
本发明中，所述刀具箱上设有一根轴线与所述第三驱动轴的轴线平行的刀具主轴，所述刀具主轴的一端设有安装刀具的刀具座，另一端或中间位置与设于刀具箱中的刀具主轴的驱动装置连接。
本发明中，在所述第一回转轴箱体上与所述工件箱之间设有静压辅助支撑。
本发明的技术原理是，螺旋锥齿轮在加工过程中，其齿面的形成取决于刀具和工件的相对运动，而刀具与工件的相对位置完成由三个直线驱动轴，即第一直线驱动轴、第二直线驱动轴、第三直线驱动轴和三个转动轴，即第一回转轴、刀具主轴、工具主轴来确定，六轴的设定只要保证刀具和工件能处于任何需要的相对位置即可。本发明在研究了三个直线驱动轴和三个回转轴的各种可能的设定方式并分析其优缺点后确定。本发明加工螺旋锥齿轮的过程是：
1 、在刀具箱（ 6 ）的刀具主轴上安装好刀具，在工件箱（ 3 ）的工件主轴上安装好螺旋锥齿轮，启动程序后计算机首先控制第一回转轴转动，带动工件箱（ 3 ）绕第一回转轴回转一个角度，回转角度的大小就是螺旋锥齿轮刚开始加工时的轮坯安装角。
2、计算机控制第一回转轴箱体（ 19 ）沿 X 轴运动、水平滑台（ 9 ）沿 Y 轴运动，刀具箱（ 6 ）沿 Z 轴运动，将刀具快速移动到齿轮加工的启始位置，刀具按给定的速度回转，如湿切需要开启冷却液。
3 、在程序控制下，第一直线驱动轴、第二直线驱动轴、第三直线驱动轴、刀具主轴、工件主轴五轴联动使刀具和被加工工件做啮合的展成运动以加工出齿面。
4 、一个齿槽加工好之后，刀具箱沿 Z 轴方向上升使被加工工件与刀具脱离接触，工件主轴旋转使齿轮分度到第二个轮齿加工的起始位置，然后 X 、 Y 、 Z 、 B 各轴在不发生干涉的原则下快速退回到齿轮加工的起始位置。
5 、加工第二个齿槽，如此循环往复，直到加工完成所有的轮齿。
6 、各轴都回到原始位置，（工作门打开后）工作人员取下加工好的齿轮并换上待加工的齿轮。
7 、如果是数控磨齿机，在预备时间或加工过程中还要利用砂轮修整器来修整砂轮。
有益效果
本发明的机床与现有机床相比，具有如下优点：
1 、第一回转轴回转台可采用力矩电机或齿轮传动机构、曲柄连杆传动机构、蜗轮蜗杆传动机构等常用精密回转台驱动方式驱动。
2 、第一回转轴通过旋转± 90 ° 来实现螺旋锥齿轮的左右旋加工，此方法大大缩短了 X 轴的行程。
3 、立柱的固定不动，确保了机床的高刚性。
4 、机床在加工左、右旋螺旋锥齿轮时，其加工点不再分布在工件的上下位置，而是分布在工件的左右位置，这样使得机床的加工点在高度方向始终保持很低的位置，且此位置刚性好、易排屑、易观察，是机床的最优加工点。
5 、机床设计为立式结构， Z 轴行程、 X 轴行程相当短，这也使得机床结构紧凑，占地面积小。
6 、由于 X 轴向前移动，装卸工件时操作人员与工件可以实现 0 距离装卸，非常方便。
7 、机床总体布局采用立式结构，工件和刀具的装卸很方便，而且工件便于实现机械手自动装卸。
8 、设备造价降低、性能稳定、可靠；加工的切屑直间落在机床排屑槽内，容易排屑并且容易于实现干切削。
9 、整机零件少，工艺性能好，占地面积小，防护容易，造型美观。
附图说明
附图 1 现有技术的一种机床结构
附图 2 本发明机床一种实施例的结构示意图（ 1 -床身 、 2 -立柱、 3 -工件箱、 9 -水平滑台、 6 -刀具箱 ）
附图 3 本发明机床一种实施例的结构示意图
本发明的最佳实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作出进一步说明。
本发明的机床包括采用端面铣齿或磨齿方法加工弧齿锥齿轮、弧齿准双曲面齿轮的机床。
参见附图 2 ， 本发明一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，包括床身 1 ，立柱 2 ，工件箱 3 ，水平滑台 9 ，刀具箱 6 ，所述立柱 2 坐装在所述床身 1 上，在所述立柱 2 上设有一个开口朝下的 U 形通槽，所述 U 形通槽的宽度、深度、厚度方向依次定义为空间笛卡尔直角坐标系的 Y 轴、 Z 轴、 X 轴方向；
在所述 U 形通槽内设有一根轴线与所述 X 轴方向平行并可绕自身轴线回转的第一直线驱动轴 16 ；在所述第一直线驱动轴 16 上安装有第一回转轴箱体 19 ，所述第一直线驱动轴 16 驱动所述第一回转轴箱体 19 沿所述 X 轴方向作直线运动； 在所述 U 形槽的槽中设有两根轴线方向与 X 轴方向平行的所述第一导向导轨 15 ，所述第一回转轴箱体 19 通过其底面设置的第一导向槽与所述第一导向导轨 15 匹配接触实现沿 Z 轴方向的支撑及 Y 轴方向的定位并提供所述第一回转轴箱体 19 沿所述 X 轴方向作直线运动的导向；所述第一回转轴箱体 19 内设置有回转机构，所述回转机构驱动设于所述第一回转轴箱体 19 中的第一回转轴 17 转动，所述回转机构内设有蜗轮蜗杆传动机构； 所述第一回转轴 17 的一端设有所述工件箱 3，所述工件箱3 上设有一根轴线与所述第一回转轴 17 的轴线垂直的工件主轴， 所述工件主轴的一端设有安装被加工工件的工件承载台 4 ，另一端或中间位置与设于工件箱 3 中的工件主轴的驱动装置连接；
在所述立柱 2 上设有一根轴线与所述 Y 轴方向平行并可绕自身轴线回转的第二直线驱动轴 11；所述水平滑台 9 安装在所述第二直线驱动轴 11 上，所述第二直线驱动轴 11 驱动所述水平滑台 9 沿所述 Y 轴方向作直线运动；在所述立柱 2 上设有轴线方向与所述 Y 轴方向平行的第二导向导轨 10 ，所述水平滑台 9 通过其一个侧面设置的导向槽与所述第二导向导轨 10 匹配接触实现沿 Z 轴方向的支撑定位并提供所述水平滑台沿所述 Y 轴方向作直线运动的导向；
在所述水平滑台9上设有一根轴线与所述Z轴方向平行并可绕自身轴线回转的第三直线驱动轴8；所述刀具箱6安装在所述第三直线驱动轴8上，所述第三直线驱动轴8驱动所述刀具箱6沿所述Z轴方向作直线运动；在所述水平滑台9上设有轴线方向与所述Z轴方向平行的第三导向导轨7，所述刀具箱6通过其一个侧面设置的导向槽与所述第三导向导轨7匹配接触实现沿Y轴方向的定位并提供所述刀具箱沿所述Z轴方向作直线运动的导向；所述刀具箱6上设有一根轴线与所述第三直线驱动轴8的轴线平行的刀具主轴5，所述刀具主轴5的一端设有安装刀具的刀具座，另一端或中间位置与设于刀具箱6中的刀具主轴的驱动装置连接；在所述第一回转轴箱体19与所述工件箱3之间设有静压辅助支撑13。
本发明的实施方式
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Claims (8)

1、一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，包括床身，立柱，水平滑台，刀具箱，其特征在于：所述立柱坐装在所述床身上，在所述立柱上设有一个开口朝下的U形通槽，所述U形通槽的宽度、深度、厚度方向依次定义为空间笛卡尔直角坐标系的Y轴、Z轴、X轴方向；在所述U形通槽内设有至少一根轴线与所述X轴方向平行并可绕自身轴线回转的第一直线驱动轴；在所述第一直线驱动轴上安装有第一回转轴箱体，所述第一直线驱动轴驱动所述第一回转轴箱体沿所述X轴方向作直线运动；在所述立柱上设有至少一根轴线与所述Y轴方向平行并可绕自身轴线回转的第二直线驱动轴；所述水平滑台安装在所述第二直线驱动轴上，所述第二直线驱动轴驱动所述水平滑台沿所述Y轴方向作直线运动；在所述水平滑台上设有至少一根轴线与所述Z轴方向平行并可绕自身轴线回转的第三直线驱动轴；所述刀具箱安装在所述第三直线驱动轴上，所述第三直线驱动轴驱动所述刀具箱沿所述Z轴方向作直线运动。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，其特征在于：所述第一回转轴箱体内设置有回转机构，所述回转机构驱动设于所述第一回转轴箱体中的第一回转轴转动，所述第一回转轴的一端设有工件箱；所述回转机构内设有驱动装置；所述驱动装置选自力矩电机、齿轮传动机构、曲柄连杆传动机构、蜗轮蜗杆传动机构中的一种。
3、根据权利要求2所述的一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，其特征在于：所述工件箱上设有一根轴线与所述第一回转轴的轴线垂直的工件主轴，所述工件主轴的一端设有安装被加工工件的工件承载台，另一端或中间位置与设于工件箱中的工件主轴的驱动装置连接。
4、根据权利要求3所述的一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，其特征在于：在所述U形槽的槽中设有两根轴线方向与X轴方向平行的所述第一导向导轨，所述第一回转轴箱体通过其底面设置的第一导向槽与所述第一导向导轨匹配接触实现沿Z轴方向的支撑及Y轴方向的定位并提供所述第一回转轴箱体沿所述X轴方向作直线运动的导向。
5、根据权利要求4所述的一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，其特征在于：在所述立柱上设有轴线方向与所述Y轴方向平行的第二导向导轨，所述水平滑台通过其一个侧面设置的导向槽与所述第二导向导轨匹配接触实现沿Z轴方向的支撑定位并提供所述水平滑台沿所述Y轴方向作直线运动的导向。
6、根据权利要求5所述的一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，其特征在于：在所述水平滑台上设有轴线方向与所述Z轴方向平行的第三导向导轨，所述刀具箱通过其一个侧面设置的导向槽与所述第三导向导轨匹配接触实现沿Y轴方向的定位并提供所述刀具箱沿所述Z轴方向作直线运动的导向。
7、根据权利要求6所述的一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，其特征在于：所述刀具箱上设有一根轴线与所述第三驱动轴的轴线平行的刀具主轴，所述刀具主轴的一端设有安装刀具的刀具座，另一端或中间位置与设于刀具箱中的刀具主轴的驱动装置连接。
8、根据权利要求1-7任意一项所述的一种螺旋锥齿轮加工机床，其特征在于：在所述第一回转轴箱体上与所述工件箱之间设有静压辅助支撑。
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