WO2012167445A1 - 柱塞式抽油泵及其柱塞 - Google Patents

柱塞式抽油泵及其柱塞 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012167445A1
WO2012167445A1 PCT/CN2011/075607 CN2011075607W WO2012167445A1 WO 2012167445 A1 WO2012167445 A1 WO 2012167445A1 CN 2011075607 W CN2011075607 W CN 2011075607W WO 2012167445 A1 WO2012167445 A1 WO 2012167445A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plunger
core
sealing sleeve
flexible sealing
pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2011/075607
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李举辉
李娟�
李俊亮
张敬波
韩修廷
徐金超
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daqing Dh-Oil-Tech & Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Daqing Dh-Oil-Tech & Engineering Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Daqing Dh-Oil-Tech & Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Daqing Dh-Oil-Tech & Engineering Co Ltd
Priority to MX2013014274A priority Critical patent/MX2013014274A/es
Priority to CA2835976A priority patent/CA2835976C/en
Priority to PCT/CN2011/075607 priority patent/WO2012167445A1/zh
Publication of WO2012167445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012167445A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum reclaiming, and particularly relates to a plunger of a plunger type oil pump and a plunger type oil pump including the same. Background technique
  • a rod plunger pump generally refers to a plunger pump that is driven by the upper and lower reciprocating motion of the sucker rod. It is the world's main mechanical pumping equipment and is one of the traditional lifting methods of the world oil industry. The dominant artificial lift method.
  • the existing typical rod pumping equipment mainly consists of three parts: one is the ground drive equipment, that is, the pumping unit, the other is the oil pump installed in the lower part of the tubing string, and the third is the sucker rod.
  • the sucker rod is connected to the pumping unit via a polished rod, and is connected to the plunger of the oil pump for transmitting the reciprocating motion and power of the ground pumping unit to the downhole oil pump, so that the plunger in the oil pump reciprocates up and down, so that The liquid in the tubing string is pressurized, and the oil layer is pumped to the ground.
  • the pump is mainly composed of a pump cylinder, a plunger, a fixed Versail assembly and a swimming Versail assembly.
  • the pump cylinder is a cylinder liner containing a plunger with a swimming Versail assembly, and the plunger forms a seal with the pump cylinder for discharging liquid from the pump cylinder.
  • the fixed Versail assembly includes the suction valve of the pump, which is fixed in position during pumping.
  • the swimming Versail assembly includes a discharge valve of the pump that moves with the plunger.
  • the new stage of development of rod plunger pumping equipment is hydraulic self-sealing plunger pump.
  • the application number is
  • a hydraulic self-sealing plunger pump is disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 200510082603.1, the plunger casing is provided with an elastic sealing body, and the elastic sealing body is provided with a wear-resistant reducing diameter sealing ring, and the sealing ring is arranged by a spacer in the elastic sealing body.
  • a plurality of rigid metal rings and a plurality of elastic rings can solve the pump leakage to a certain extent and improve the volumetric efficiency of the pump.
  • the plurality of metal rings in the seal ring are not fixedly connected to each other, not only the processing requirements are high but also easy to occur.
  • a plunger of a plunger type oil pump and a plunger type oil pump including the same are simple in structure, good in sealing property, and can eliminate eccentric wear between the plunger and the pump barrel.
  • the plunger of the plunger type oil pump includes a plunger core, wherein the outer wall of the plunger core is provided with a plurality of liquid passing holes, and the outer wall of the plunger core
  • the upper sealing sleeve has a flexible flexible sealing sleeve which is disposed on the plunger core to cover a plurality of liquid passing holes on the plunger core.
  • the plurality of liquid passage holes are plural, and the plurality of liquid passage holes have the same shape and size, and are disposed at the same height of the plunger core, and are uniformly disposed along the circumferential direction of the plunger core.
  • the plurality of liquid passage holes are respectively disposed at different heights of the plunger core axis, and the number of the liquid passage holes may be plural at any height along the axis of the plunger core.
  • the plurality of liquid passage holes have the same shape and size and are uniformly disposed along the circumferential direction of the plunger core.
  • the number of the liquid passing holes at the same height of the plunger core is 2 - 8, more preferably 4 - 6.
  • the flexible sealing sleeve comprises an elastic body and a plurality of wear rings embedded in the elastic body at intervals in the axial direction of the elastic body, and the elastic body is made of a material having elasticity, the wear ring ⁇ Made of wear-resistant material. Since the wear ring is integrated with the elastic body, when the entire flexible sealing sleeve is set on the outer wall of the plunger core, the radial non-convergence, coaxiality and ellipticity of the sealing ring and the plunger can be effectively solved. Poor question.
  • the elastomer is made of synthetic rubber, and the wear ring is made of nylon or copper. Made of rigid materials such as wood and steel.
  • the wear ring and the elastic body are integrally formed by a casting process, and the flexible sealing sleeve is integrally connected with the plunger core, thereby reducing the processing precision and installation requirements of the flexible sealing sleeve.
  • the outer wall of the plunger core is sealed with one or two initial envelopes, and the first envelope is disposed at either end of the flexible sealing sleeve or the two first envelopes are disposed at two ends of the flexible sealing sleeve.
  • the first envelope is integrally connected with the flexible sealing sleeve.
  • the outer seal of the outer wall of the plunger core has two initial envelopes, namely an upper initial envelope and a lower initial envelope, and the upper primary envelope is disposed above the flexible sealing sleeve and is screwed with the plunger core.
  • the lower end of the envelope is in contact with the upper end of the flexible sealing sleeve
  • the lower initial envelope is disposed below the flexible sealing sleeve and is threadedly coupled to the plunger core
  • the upper end of the lower initial envelope is in contact with the lower end of the flexible sealing sleeve.
  • the position of the flexible sealing sleeve on the plunger can be restricted, the plunger can be properly gathered, and the first and lower initial envelopes can be obtained. It also assumes the role of the initial seal at both ends of the plunger.
  • the upper initial envelope and the lower initial envelope are made of a wear resistant material.
  • a plunger type oil pump includes a pump barrel and a plunger disposed in the pump barrel, the plunger being the plunger.
  • the two initial envelopes disposed at the two ends of the flexible sealing sleeve form a rigid gap seal between the pump sleeve and the pump cylinder, and the sealing method is the same as that of the existing conventional pump, and can be sealed without hydraulic action, can effectively bear the oil well pressure, and solve the pumping Oil pump initial sealing problem.
  • the two initial envelopes are integrated with the flexible sealing sleeve and the plunger core, the sealing of the entire pump body is better, and the oil leakage from the gap between the pump cylinder and the plunger is eliminated in the existing hydraulic piston pump. The problem is more adaptable.
  • the oil pump of the invention can effectively improve the coaxiality and the ellipticity of the flexible sealing sleeve and the plunger core, and there is no eccentric wear phenomenon between the flexible sealing sleeve and the pump cylinder, and the processing precision and the installation requirement of the flexible sealing sleeve are low.
  • the hydraulic piston pump is better sealed and the operation is more stable and reliable.
  • the plunger of the plunger type oil pump passes through the structure of the liquid passage hole and the flexible sealing sleeve, thereby improving the concentration of the flexible sealing sleeve, and effectively solving the pump cylinder and the plunger of the existing hydraulic self-sealing pump.
  • Seal The problem of poor concentricity and ellipticity is that the eccentric wear between the pump barrel and the plunger is avoided, and the machining accuracy and installation requirements are also reduced.
  • the oil pump has better sealing performance, no leakage, and more adaptability.
  • the plunger of the present invention is primarily suitable for use in all hydraulic self-sealing plunger pumps and multi-piston pumps.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a plunger in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a view showing the structure of a plunger type oil pump in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plunger of a plunger type oil pump comprising a plunger core 2, the outer wall of the plunger core 2 is provided with a plurality of liquid passage holes 4, and the outer wall of the plunger core 2 is sealed and has elastic flexibility
  • the sealing sleeve 3, the position of the flexible sealing sleeve 3 on the plunger core 2 can cover a plurality of liquid passing holes 4 on the plunger core 2.
  • the flexible sealing sleeve 3 includes an elastic body 31 and a plurality of wear rings 32, and the plurality of wear rings 32 are embedded in the elastic body 31 at intervals along the axial direction of the elastic body 31, and the elastic body 31 and the wear-resistant body
  • the ring 32 is formed into a body.
  • the elastic body 31 is made of a material having elasticity
  • the wear ring 32 is made of a wear resistant material.
  • the plunger type oil pump includes a pump barrel 8, and the pump barrel 8 is enclosed.
  • the utility model comprises a plunger, an upper joint 6, a swimming Versail assembly 7 and a fixed Versail assembly 9, etc., the upper joint 6 is screwed with the upper end of the plunger, and the lower end of the plunger is threaded with the swimming Versail assembly. connection.
  • the plunger includes a plunger core 2, and the outer wall of the plunger core 2 is provided with a plurality of liquid passage holes 4, and the outer wall of the plunger core 2 is sealed with a flexible seal.
  • Set 3 the first envelope 1 and the next sleeve 5.
  • the plunger core 2 is made of a metal material, and the inside thereof has a hollow structure, and the shapes and sizes of the respective liquid passage holes 4 are the same.
  • the shape of the liquid passage hole 4 is an oblong hole shape.
  • a plurality of liquid passage holes 4 are provided at the same height in the middle of the outer wall of the plunger core, and are uniformly arranged in one turn along the circumferential direction of the plunger core 2.
  • the number of the through holes 4 at the same height of the plunger core is 2 - 8, preferably 4 - 6, that is, on the outer wall of the plunger core 2 90 per interval at the same axial height.
  • the flexible sealing sleeve 3 is sealed on the outer wall of the plunger core so as to cover the entire liquid passing hole 4 on the plunger core 2.
  • the flexible sealing sleeve 3 comprises an elastic body 31 and a wear ring 32 interposed in the elastic body 31 in the axial direction of the elastic body 31, and the elastic body 31 and the wear ring 32 are integrally formed.
  • the outer diameter of the elastic body 31 and the wear ring 32 is smaller than the inner diameter of the pump cylinder, and is adapted to the outer diameter of the plunger core, and the distance between each adjacent two wear rings 32 is smaller than the liquid passage hole 4 length.
  • the elastic body 31 is made of synthetic rubber
  • the wear ring 32 is made of a wear-resistant material, preferably made of nylon or made of a rigid material such as copper or steel.
  • the elastic body 31 and the wear ring 32 in the flexible sealing sleeve 3 are integrally formed by a casting process.
  • a cylindrical groove having a length larger than the length of the liquid passing hole 4 in the plunger core 2 and having an inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the plunger core 2 is first formed in the corresponding mold.
  • a plurality of wear rings 32 are arranged at intervals, and the positions of the plurality of wear rings 32 are fixed.
  • the inner diameters of the plurality of wear rings 32 are adapted to the outer diameter of the plunger core 2, and then the mold is placed over the plunger core 2 at a position corresponding to the liquid passage hole 4 to cover the liquid on the plunger core.
  • the joint between the plunger core 2 and the two ends of the flexible sealing sleeve 3 is respectively provided with a thread
  • the upper initial covering sleeve 1 is disposed above the flexible sealing sleeve 3 and with the plunger core 2 Threaded connection
  • the lower end of the upper envelope 1 is in contact with the upper end of the flexible sealing sleeve 3.
  • the lower portion of the plunger core 2 has a step
  • the lower end of the flexible sealing sleeve 3 is in contact with the step
  • the lower initial sleeve 5 is screwed to the lower end of the plunger core 2, thereby axially connecting the flexible sealing sleeve 3.
  • the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 5 play a positive role for the flexible sealing sleeve, that is, the function of supporting the whole plunger, and can effectively avoid the plunger core 2 side due to the side force of the plunger core 2 It is in close contact with the pump cylinder 8, resulting in a phenomenon of eccentric wear between the plunger core 2 and the pump cylinder 8 due to eccentricity.
  • the upper first sleeve 1 and the lower first sleeve 5 are both made of wear-resistant material, and preferably the first envelope 1 and the lower sleeve 5 are made of nylon or made of a rigid material such as copper or steel.
  • the liquid When the liquid is filled in the plunger core 2, the liquid overflows from the liquid passing hole 4, causing the elastic body 31 of the flexible sealing sleeve 3 to expand outward, and the upper initial sleeve 1 and the lower initial envelope 5 fix the flexible sealing sleeve in the axial direction. 3.
  • the flexible sealing sleeve 3 is prevented from being cocked up and down on the outer wall of the plunger core 2, and the flexible sealing sleeve 3 and the plunger are radially gathered, thereby realizing the hydraulic self-sealing property of the flexible sealing sleeve 3 to the plunger.
  • the upper first sleeve 1 and the lower initial sleeve 5 at both ends of the plunger core 2 also bear the initial sealing action of the two ends of the plunger core 2, that is, when the liquid has not reached the flexible sealing sleeve 3, two of the two ends of the plunger core 2
  • the initial envelope solves the initial sealing problem of the pump and the oil well pressure.
  • the medium degree of the above flexible sealing sleeve refers to the tightness of the upper initial sleeve 1 and the lower initial envelope 5 and the flexible sealing sleeve 3. When the tension is too tight, the flexible sealing sleeve 3 will protrude outward, and if it is too loose, the flexible sealing sleeve 3 may be caused.
  • the upper envelope 1, the plunger core 2 with the liquid sealing hole 4 and the flexible sealing sleeve 3, and the lower initial sleeve 5 are formed as a whole, and constitute a rigid + elastic + rigid three
  • the plunger of the segment type composite sealing section can be used for initial sealing, gathering, and righting, thereby ensuring the overall sealing and liquid pressure transmission of the plunger in the pump cylinder, and solving the radial resistance of the wear ring and the plunger. Poor median, poor concentricity and ellipticity, and problems with eccentric wear.
  • the upper first sleeve 1 and the lower initial sleeve 5 are respectively provided with threads at one end away from the flexible sealing sleeve 3, and the upper initial sleeve 1 is connected with the upper joint 6 through a thread.
  • the envelope 5 is connected to the swimming Versail assembly 7 by threads, and the plunger formed by the above-mentioned three-stage composite sealing section is assembled into the pump cylinder 8 to realize the sealing of the plunger type oil pump.
  • the plunger described above is suitable for use in all hydraulic self-sealing plunger pumps and multi-piston pumps.
  • there is a gap between the plunger and the pump cylinder and the gap is larger than that of the conventional oil pump. Since the outer wall of the plunger core of the plunger is fixed with a flexible sealing sleeve in the embodiment, the pump is hydraulically self-sealing when the pump is ascending, the pump The gap between the cylinder and the plunger is zero, and the leakage loss is zero. When the pump descends, the gap between the pump cylinder and the plunger is restored, and the downward friction is reduced.
  • the working principle of the plunger type oil pump is: when the upper stroke is taken, the sucker rod pulls the plunger upward, and the swimming valve assembly on the plunger is closed by the liquid column pressure in the oil pipe. At this time, the volume of the lower pump chamber 11 downstream of the plunger is increased, the pressure is decreased, and the pressure of the valve assembly 9 is fixed at the sinking pressure (ie, the pressure at which the suction port of the pump sinks to a certain depth below the liquid surface) and the pressure in the pump.
  • the composite sealing section forms a hydraulic seal, if the inside of the oil pipe is gradually The liquid is filled, and the liquid pressure in the plunger is high, so that the liquid acts on the elastic of the flexible sealing sleeve 3 through the liquid passing hole 4 on the plunger core 2.
  • the elastic body 31 is inflated outwardly, pushing the wear ring 32 against the pump cylinder 8 to form a seal, and the swimming Versail assembly 7 is kept closed under the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides, and the upper pump chamber upstream of the plunger The liquid in 10 will be discharged along the tubing to the ground.
  • the sucker rod pushes the plunger downwards, and the fixed Versail assembly 9 is closed at the beginning.
  • the plunger compresses and fixes the liquid between the Versail assembly 9 and the swimming Versail assembly 7, so that the pressure inside the pump Increase.
  • the swimming Versail assembly 7 is opened, and the liquid in the lower pump chamber 11 enters the upper pump chamber 10 by swimming the Versail assembly, causing the pump to discharge the liquid.
  • the length of the flexible gland 3 can be flexibly configured according to the pump type and actual working conditions of the hydraulic piston pump actually used.
  • fluorine or nitrile may be injected into the elastic body 31 of the flexible sealing sleeve 3, so that the flexible sealing sleeve 3 has better corrosion resistance or wear resistance, and is suitable for different temperatures. Or production under corrosive well conditions.
  • the plunger type oil pump shown in this embodiment does not leak oil, has high pumping efficiency, and the pumping pump works more stably. It is suitable for use in complex production conditions such as deep wells and sand production, and has strong adaptability. It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments for illustrating the principles of the invention, but the invention is not limited thereto. Various modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. These modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.

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Abstract

一种柱塞式抽油泵及其柱塞，该柱塞其包括柱塞芯（2），所述柱塞芯（2）的外壁上开有若干个过液孔（4），所述柱塞芯（2）外壁上密封套装有柔性密封套（3），所述柔性密封套（3）在柱塞芯（2）上的设置位置能够覆盖住柱塞芯（2）上的若干个过液孔（4）。所述柱塞解决了液压柱塞泵中密封件与泵筒之间同轴度和椭圆度差、偏磨严重的问题，所述柱塞的加工精度和安装的要求低，所述柱塞具有更好的密封性。

Description

柱塞式抽油泵及其柱塞
技术领域
本发明属于石油开釆技术领域， 具体涉及一种柱塞式抽油泵的柱塞以及包 含该柱塞的柱塞式抽油泵。 背景技术
有杆柱塞泵一般是指利用抽油杆上下往复运动所驱动的柱塞式抽油泵，是 目前世界主要的机械抽油设备， 是世界石油工业传统的举升方式之一， 也是迄 今为止占主导地位的人工举升方式。
现有的典型的有杆抽油设备主要由三部分组成： 一是地面驱动设备即抽油 机， 二是安装在油管柱下部的抽油泵， 三是抽油杆。 抽油杆上经光杆连接抽油 机， 下接抽油泵的柱塞， 用于把地面抽油机的往复运动和动力传递给井下抽油 泵， 使抽油泵中的柱塞作上下往复运动， 使得油管柱中的液体增压， 将油层产 液抽汲到地面。 抽油泵主要由泵筒、 柱塞、 固定凡尔总成和游动凡尔总成四部 分组成。 泵筒即缸套，其内装有带游动凡尔总成的柱塞，柱塞与泵筒形成密封， 用于从泵筒内排出液体。 固定凡尔总成包括泵的吸入阀， 抽油过程中该固定阀 位置固定。 游动凡尔总成包括泵的排出阀， 该游动阀随柱塞运动。
有杆柱塞泵抽油设备发展的新阶段为液压自封柱塞泵。 在申请号为
200510082603.1的中国专利申请中公开了一种液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 其柱塞外 套装有弹性密封体， 弹性密封体外套装有耐磨变径密封环， 所述密封环由间隔 套装在弹性密封体外的多个刚性金属环和多个弹性环组成。这种结构在一定程 度上可以解决泵漏失， 提高了泵的容积效率。 但是， 在这种结构中， 由于密封 环中的多个金属环之间互相无固定连接， 因此不仅加工要求高， 而且还容易出 现耐磨变径密封环与柱塞径向不聚中、 同轴度和椭圓度差的问题， 尤其是在釆 油过程中当密封环受力时， 所产生的密封环与柱塞径向不聚中、 同轴度和椭圓 度差的问题变得更突出， 导致密封环偏磨现象十分严重， 特别是最靠近下泵腔 的密封环偏磨严重， 寿命短。 发明内容 柱塞式抽油泵的柱塞以及包含该柱塞的柱塞式抽油泵， 所述柱塞的结构简单、 密封性好、 并且可以消除柱塞与泵筒之间的偏磨现象。
解决本发明技术问题所釆用的技术方案是该柱塞式抽油泵的柱塞包括柱 塞芯， 其中， 所述柱塞芯的外壁上开有若干个过液孔， 所述柱塞芯外壁上密封 套装有具有弹性的柔性密封套， 所述柔性密封套在柱塞芯上的设置位置能够覆 盖住柱塞芯上的若干个过液孔。
优选的是， 所述过液孔釆用多个， 所述多个过液孔的形状和大小相同， 其 共同设于柱塞芯的同一高度上， 且沿柱塞芯的周向均匀设置。
或者， 所述过液孔釆用多个， 所述多个过液孔分别沿柱塞芯轴线的不同高 度设置， 在沿柱塞芯轴线的任一高度上过液孔的数量可为多个， 该多个过液孔 的形状和大小相同， 且沿柱塞芯的周向均匀设置。
优选所述柱塞芯同一高度上过液孔的数量为 2 - 8个， 进一步优选为 4 - 6 个。
优选的是， 所述柔性密封套包括弹性体以及若干个沿弹性体的轴线方向间 隔嵌入所述弹性体内的耐磨环， 所述弹性体釆用具有弹性的材料制成， 所述耐 磨环釆用耐磨材料制成。 由于耐磨环与所述弹性体连为一体， 因此当整个的柔 性密封套套装于柱塞芯外壁上时， 能有效解决密封环与柱塞径向不聚中、 同轴 度和椭圓度差的问题。
优选的是， 所述弹性体釆用合成橡胶制成， 所述耐磨环釆用尼龙制成或铜 材、 钢材等刚性材料制成。
优选所述耐磨环与弹性体通过浇注工艺一体成型， 并使所述柔性密封套与 柱塞芯连为一体， 从而降低了柔性密封套的加工精度和安装要求。
当然， 也可以釆用其他工艺手段使耐磨环与弹性体形成一体。
进一步优选的是， 所述柱塞芯外壁上密封套装有一个或两个初封套， 所述 一个初封套设置在柔性密封套的任一端 /所述两个初封套分设于柔性密封套的 两端， 所述初封套与所述柔性密封套连为一体。
更优选的是， 所述柱塞芯外壁上密封套装有两个初封套， 即上初封套和下 初封套， 所述上初封套设置在柔性密封套上方并与柱塞芯螺紋连接， 上初封套 的下端与所述柔性密封套的上端相接， 所述下初封套设置在柔性密封套的下方 并与柱塞芯螺紋连接， 下初封套的上端与所述柔性密封套的下端相接。 通过上 初封套和下初封套分别与柔性密封套的两端相接， 可以限制柔性密封套在柱塞 上的位置， 可使柱塞获得适当的聚中度， 并且上初封套和下初封套还承担了柱 塞两端的初始密封的作用。
其中， 所述上初封套和下初封套釆用耐磨材料制成。
一种柱塞式抽油泵， 包括泵筒和设置在泵筒内的柱塞， 所述柱塞釆用上述 的柱塞。 其中， 设置在柔性密封套两端的两个初封套与泵筒间形成刚性间隙密 封， 其密封方式与现有的常规泵相同， 不需要液压作用就可密封， 能有效承担 油井压力， 解决了抽油泵初始密封问题。 同时， 由于两个初封套与柔性密封套 以及柱塞芯形成一个整体， 使整个泵体的密封性更好， 杜绝了现有的液压柱塞 泵中油从泵筒和柱塞之间的间隙漏失的问题， 适应性更强。
本发明抽油泵能有效提高柔性密封套与柱塞芯的同轴度和椭圓度， 柔性密 封套与泵筒之间不存在偏磨现象， 并且柔性密封套的加工精度和安装的要求 低， 使液压柱塞泵密封性更好， 运作更稳定、 可靠。
所述柱塞式抽油泵中的柱塞通过釆用过液孔和柔性密封套的结构，提高了 柔性密封套的聚中度，有效解决了现有的液压自封泵的泵筒与柱塞上的密封件 之间同轴度和椭圓度差的问题， 即避免了泵筒与柱塞之间的偏磨现象， 同时也 降低了加工精度和安装要求。 并且， 该抽油泵的密封性更好、 不漏失、 适应性 更强。
本发明中的柱塞主要适于在所有液压自封柱塞泵及多柱塞泵中进行使用。 附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例 1中柱塞的结构示意图；
图 2是本发明实施例 1中柱塞式抽油泵的结构示意图。
图中： 1-上初封套； 2-柱塞芯； 3-柔性密封套； 4-过液孔； 5-下初封套； 6- 上接头； 7-游动凡尔总成； 8-泵筒； 9-固定凡尔总成； 10-上泵腔； 11-下泵腔； 31-弹性体； 32-耐磨环。 具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案， 下面结合附图和具体 实施方式对本发明柱塞式抽油泵的柱塞和包含该柱塞的柱塞式抽油泵作进一 步详细描述。
一种柱塞式抽油泵的柱塞， 包括柱塞芯 2, 所述柱塞芯 2的外壁上开有若 干个过液孔 4, 所述柱塞芯 2外壁上密封套装有具有弹性的柔性密封套 3 , 所 述柔性密封套 3在柱塞芯 2上的设置位置能够覆盖住柱塞芯 2上的若干个过液 孔 4。
其中， 所述柔性密封套 3包括弹性体 31以及若干个耐磨环 32, 所述若干 个沿弹性体 31的轴线方向间隔嵌入所述弹性体 31 内， 所述弹性体 31与所述 耐磨环 32—体成形。所述弹性体 31釆用具有弹性的材料制成，所述耐磨环 32 釆用耐磨材料制成。
实施例 1 :
如图 2所示， 本实施例中， 该柱塞式抽油泵包括泵筒 8 , 所述泵筒 8内包 括有柱塞、 上接头 6、 游动凡尔总成 7和固定凡尔总成 9等部件， 所述上接头 6与柱塞上端螺紋连接， 柱塞下端与游动凡尔总成 7螺紋连接。
如图 1所示， 本实施例中， 所述柱塞包括柱塞芯 2, 所述柱塞芯 2外壁上 开有若干个过液孔 4 ,柱塞芯 2的外壁上密封套装有柔性密封套 3、上初封套 1 和下初 套 5。
其中， 柱塞芯 2釆用金属材质制成， 其内部为中空结构， 各个过液孔 4的 形状和大小都相同。 本实施例中， 过液孔 4的形状为长圓孔形。 若干个过液孔 4设置在柱塞芯外壁中部的同一高度上，且沿柱塞芯 2的周向均匀设置为一圈。 综合考虑液体的穿透性和柱塞芯 2的强度，柱塞芯的同一高度上过液孔 4的数 量为 2 - 8个， 最好为 4 - 6个， 即在柱塞芯 2外壁的同一轴向高度上每间隔 90。 或 60° 通过铣加工开设一个长圓形的过液孔 4 , 这样既能保证柱塞芯 2内 的液体得到良好的疏导， 又能保证柱塞芯 2的强度。 当柱塞芯 2沿其轴线的长 度较长时， 可沿柱塞芯 2的轴向不同高度增加一圈或多圈过液孔 4。
柔性密封套 3密封套装在柱塞芯的外壁上， 以能够覆盖住柱塞芯 2上的全 部过液孔 4为原则。 所述柔性密封套 3包括弹性体 31和沿弹性体 31的轴线方 向间隔嵌入弹性体 31中的耐磨环 32,所述弹性体 31和耐磨环 32形成为一体。 所述弹性体 31和耐磨环 32的外径小于泵筒的内径，且与柱塞芯的外径相适配 , 每相邻两个耐磨环 32之间的间隔距离小于过液孔 4的长度。 其中， 弹性体 31 釆用合成橡胶制成， 耐磨环 32釆用耐磨材料， 优选釆用尼龙制成或釆用铜材、 钢材等刚性材料制成。 当液体充盈在柱塞芯 2内时， 液体压力通过过液孔 4直 接作用于柔性密封套 3上， 使柔性密封套 3向外胀开， 过液孔 4的设置使柱塞 芯 2内的高压液体压力得到了疏导。
本实施例中， 柔性密封套 3中的弹性体 31与耐磨环 32通过浇注工艺一体 成型方式制成。 在制作柔性密封套 3时， 先在相应的模具中开设一段长度大于 柱塞芯 2中过液孔 4长度、 且内径与柱塞芯 2的外径相适配的圓柱槽， 在该圓 柱槽内均勾间隔设置若干个耐磨环 32并使该若干个耐磨环 32的位置固定， 所 述若干个耐磨环 32的内径与柱塞芯 2的外径相适配，然后将模具套在柱塞芯 2 上与过液孔 4对应的位置， 以覆盖住柱塞芯上的过液孔 4 , 同时应将柱塞芯 2 上的各个过液孔 4的位置用相应的器具堵上，接着向模具内注入融熔的合成橡 胶， 冷却成型后即形成耐磨环 32与弹性体 31紧密连接成为一体的柔性密封套 3 , 并使得该柔性密封套与柱塞芯 2形成为一体。 可见， 耐磨环 32釆用嵌入式 方式嵌合在弹性体 31中而形成柔性密封套 3 ,而柔性密封套 3密封套装在柱塞 芯 2上，解决了以往液压自封泵中柱塞上的密封件因存在多个无固定连接位置 的耐磨环， 而使得各个耐磨环之间存在同轴度和椭圓度差、 容易发生偏磨现象 的问题， 并且降低了柔性密封套的加工精度和安装要求。
柔性密封套 3与柱塞芯 2形成一体后，柱塞芯 2上与柔性密封套 3两端的 接合处分别设置有螺紋， 上初封套 1设置在柔性密封套 3的上方并与柱塞芯 2 螺紋连接， 上初封套 1的下端与柔性密封套 3的上端相接。 本实施例中， 柱塞 芯 2的下段带有台阶， 柔性密封套 3的下端与所述台阶相接， 下初封套 5与柱 塞芯 2的下端螺紋连接，从而将柔性密封套 3轴向固定在柱塞芯 2外壁的上初 封套 1和下初封套 5之间。上初封套 1和下初封套 5对柔性密封套起到了扶正 的作用， 也即对整个柱塞起扶正的作用， 能有效避免因柱塞芯 2—侧受力而使 柱塞芯 2—侧紧贴泵筒 8, 从而导致柱塞芯 2和泵筒 8之间因偏心产生偏磨的 现象发生。 其中， 上初封套 1和下初封套 5均釆用耐磨材料， 优选上初封套 1 和下初封套 5均釆用尼龙制成或釆用铜材、 钢材等刚性材料制成。
当液体充盈在柱塞芯 2内时， 液体从过液孔 4溢出， 使柔性密封套 3的弹 性体 31向外胀，上初封套 1和下初封套 5则在轴向上固定柔性密封套 3 , 防止 柔性密封套 3在柱塞芯 2外壁上下窜动， 并使柔性密封套 3与柱塞径向聚中， 从而实现了柔性密封套 3对柱塞的液压自封性。 同时， 柱塞芯 2两端的上初封 套 1和下初封套 5还承担了柱塞芯 2两端的初始密封作用， 即当液体还没有到 达柔性密封套 3时， 由柱塞芯 2两端的两个初封套解决抽油泵初始密封问题， 担油井压力。 上述柔性密封套的聚中度指的是上初封套 1和下初封套 5与柔性密封套 3 的松紧程度， 过紧则柔性密封套 3会向外突出， 过松则可能造成柔性密封套 3 起不到良好的密封作用，通过对上初封套 1和下初封套 5与柔性密封套 3结合 处的柱塞芯 2之间的螺紋进行调节， 可获得适当的聚中度。 本实施例中， 由于 下初封套 5不与柔性密封套 3接触， 因而只需要调整上初封套 1的松紧即可调 节柔性密封套 3与柱塞的径向聚中度。
可见， 本实施例中， 上初封套 1、 开有过液孔 4并包覆有柔性密封套 3的 柱塞芯 2、 下初封套 5形成为一个整体， 构成了刚性 +弹性 +刚性的三段式复合 密封段的柱塞， 该复合密封段能够起初封， 聚中， 扶正的作用， 保证了柱塞在 泵筒中的整体密封和液体传压， 解决了耐磨环与柱塞径向不聚中、 同轴度和椭 圓度差， 以及产生偏磨的问题。
如图 2所示， 该柱塞式抽油泵中， 上初封套 1和下初封套 5远离柔性密封 套 3的一端也分别设置有螺紋， 上初封套 1通过螺紋与上接头 6连接， 下初封 套 5通过螺紋与游动凡尔总成 7连接， 将上述三段式复合密封段所形成的柱塞 组装进泵筒 8中， 以实现柱塞式抽油泵的密封。
上述柱塞适于所有液压自封柱塞泵及多柱塞泵中使用。 使用时， 该柱塞与 泵筒之间存在间隙， 其间隙比常规的抽油泵大， 由于本实施例中柱塞的柱塞芯 外壁上固定有柔性密封套，当泵上行时液压自封，泵筒与柱塞之间的间隙为零， 漏失量为零； 当泵下行时泵筒与柱塞之间的间隙恢复， 下行摩阻降低。
本实施例中柱塞式抽油泵的工作原理是：上冲程时，抽油杆向上拉动柱塞， 柱塞上的游动凡尔总成 7受油管内液柱压力一开始就关闭。 此时， 柱塞下游的 下泵腔 11容积增大， 压力减小， 固定凡尔总成 9在沉没压力 （即泵的吸入口 沉没在液面下一定深度处的压力）与泵内压力之差的作用下被打开， 液体被吸 入下泵腔 11 内； 与此同时， 由于上泵腔 10的压力大于下泵腔 11的压力， 使 得该复合密封段形成液压密封， 如果油管内已逐渐被液体所充满， 柱塞内的液 体压力较高，使得液体通过柱塞芯 2上的过液孔 4作用于柔性密封套 3的弹性 体 31上， 使弹性体 31向外胀， 推动耐磨环 32压在泵筒 8上形成密封， 游动 凡尔总成 7在其上下压差作用下保持关闭， 柱塞上游的上泵腔 10内的液体将 沿油管排到地面。 下冲程时， 抽油杆向下推动柱塞， 固定凡尔总成 9一开始就 关闭， 柱塞压缩固定凡尔总成 9和游动凡尔总成 7之间的液体， 使泵内压力增 高。 当泵内压力增加到大于柱塞以上液体压力时， 游动凡尔总成 7被打开， 下 泵腔 11内的液体通过游动凡尔总成进入上泵腔 10中， 使泵排出液体。
这里应该理解的是， 本实施例中柔性密封套 3的长度与整个柱塞的长度之 间没有固定的比例， 只要保证柔性密封套 3的长度能够全部覆盖住柱塞芯 2上 的过液孔 4即可， 柔性密封套 3的长度可根据实际使用的液压柱塞泵的泵型和 实际工况灵活配置。 此外， 根据生产需求及液压柱塞泵的工作环境， 可在柔性 密封套 3的弹性体 31中注入氟或腈， 以使得柔性密封套 3耐腐蚀或耐磨效果 更好， 以适用于不同温度或腐蚀性井况下的生产。
釆用本实施例所示的柱塞式抽油泵不漏失油， 抽油效率高， 抽油泵的工作 更稳定， 适用于在深井、 出砂等复杂生产条件下使用， 适应性强。 可以理解的是， 以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而釆用的示例 性实施方式， 然而本发明并不局限于此。 对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言， 在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下， 可以做出各种变型和改进， 这些变型 和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种柱塞式抽油泵的柱塞， 包括柱塞芯（2), 其特征在于， 所述柱塞芯 (2)的外壁上开有若干个过液孔（4), 所述柱塞芯（2)外壁上密封套装有具 有弹性的柔性密封套（3), 所述柔性密封套（3)在柱塞芯 （2)上的设置位置 能够覆盖住柱塞芯 （2)上的若干个过液孔（4)。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的柱塞， 其特征在于， 所述过液孔（4)釆用多个， 所述多个过液孔（4)的形状和大小相同， 其共同设于柱塞芯（2) 的同一高度 上， 且沿柱塞芯 （2) 的周向均匀设置； 或者， 所述过液孔（4)釆用多个， 所 述多个过液孔（4)分别沿柱塞芯 （2)轴线的不同高度设置， 在沿柱塞芯 （2) 轴线的任一高度上过液孔（4) 的数量为多个， 该多个过液孔的形状和大小相 同， 且沿柱塞芯 （2) 的周向均匀设置。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的柱塞， 其特征在于， 所述柱塞芯 （4) 同一高度 上过液孔（ 4 ) 的数量为 4 - 6个。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的柱塞， 其特征在于， 所述柔性密封套（3) 包括 弹性体（31 )以及若干个沿弹性体（31 )的轴线方向间隔嵌入所述弹性体（31 ) 内的耐磨环 （32), 所述弹性体（31 )釆用具有弹性的材料制成， 所述耐磨环 (32)釆用耐磨材料制成。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的柱塞， 其特征在于， 所述弹性体（31 )釆用合成 橡胶制成， 所述耐磨环 （32)釆用尼龙或铜材或钢材制成。
6. 根据权利要求 4所述的柱塞， 其特征在于， 所述耐磨环（32)与弹性体
(31 )通过浇注工艺一体成型， 所述柔性密封套（3 )与柱塞芯（4)连为一体。
7. 根据权利要求 1 _6之一所述的柱塞， 其特征在于， 所述柱塞芯（2)外 壁上密封套装有一个或两个初封套， 所述一个初封套设置在柔性密封套（3) 的任一端 /或者所述两个初封套分设于柔性密封套（3) 的两端， 所述初封套与 所述柔性密封套（ 3 )连为一体。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的柱塞， 其特征在于， 所述柱塞芯 （2)外壁上密 封套装有两个初封套， 即上初封套（ 1 )和下初封套（ 5 ), 所述上初封套（ 1 ) 设置在柔性密封套（3)上方并与柱塞芯 （2) 螺紋连接， 上初封套（1 ) 的下 端与所述柔性密封套（3) 的上端接触， 所述下初封套（5)设置在柔性密封套
(3) 的下方并与柱塞芯 （2) 螺紋连接， 下初封套（5) 的上端与所述柔性密 封套（3) 的下端相接。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的柱塞， 其特征在于， 所述上初封套（1 )和下初 封套（5)釆用耐磨材料制成。
10. 一种柱塞式抽油泵， 包括泵筒 （8)和设置在泵筒 （8) 内的柱塞， 其 特征在于， 所述柱塞釆用权利要求 1 - 9之一所述的柱塞。
PCT/CN2011/075607 2011-06-10 2011-06-10 柱塞式抽油泵及其柱塞 Ceased WO2012167445A1 (zh)

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CA2835976A CA2835976C (en) 2011-06-10 2011-06-10 Plunger type oil-sucking pump and plunger thereof
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CN106978990A (zh) * 2017-04-24 2017-07-25 沧州润涛石油设备有限公司 一种旋流式变径抽油泵
CN113756752A (zh) * 2021-07-23 2021-12-07 长江大学 一种二冲程抽汲式方法及采油装置

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CN2249833Y (zh) * 1996-01-16 1997-03-19 吕新青 液力密封软柱塞
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CN2644705Y (zh) * 2003-07-22 2004-09-29 范淑苹 高效防砂防稠膨胀柱塞抽油泵
CN100385120C (zh) * 2005-07-06 2008-04-30 大庆油田有限责任公司 液压自封柱塞抽油泵

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US3906845A (en) * 1974-01-07 1975-09-23 Mcneil Corp Pump seal
US5372488A (en) * 1993-09-03 1994-12-13 Turner; Richard L. Oil well pump with radially expandable interlocking seal ring
CN2249833Y (zh) * 1996-01-16 1997-03-19 吕新青 液力密封软柱塞
US5996472A (en) * 1996-10-07 1999-12-07 Chemical Seal And Packing, Inc. Cryogenic reciprocating pump
CN2644705Y (zh) * 2003-07-22 2004-09-29 范淑苹 高效防砂防稠膨胀柱塞抽油泵
CN100385120C (zh) * 2005-07-06 2008-04-30 大庆油田有限责任公司 液压自封柱塞抽油泵

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106978990A (zh) * 2017-04-24 2017-07-25 沧州润涛石油设备有限公司 一种旋流式变径抽油泵
CN113756752A (zh) * 2021-07-23 2021-12-07 长江大学 一种二冲程抽汲式方法及采油装置
CN113756752B (zh) * 2021-07-23 2023-05-23 长江大学 一种二冲程抽汲式方法及采油装置

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CA2835976A1 (en) 2012-12-13
MX2013014274A (es) 2014-03-21

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