WO2012165025A1 - Procédé de nettoyage/décontamination de déchets, de terre et de sol pollués par des substances radioactives - Google Patents

Procédé de nettoyage/décontamination de déchets, de terre et de sol pollués par des substances radioactives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012165025A1
WO2012165025A1 PCT/JP2012/058672 JP2012058672W WO2012165025A1 WO 2012165025 A1 WO2012165025 A1 WO 2012165025A1 JP 2012058672 W JP2012058672 W JP 2012058672W WO 2012165025 A1 WO2012165025 A1 WO 2012165025A1
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Prior art keywords
soil
dust
contaminated
washing
cleaning
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PCT/JP2012/058672
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
上村　親士
昭彦 津田
Original Assignee
株式会社津田
有限会社情報科学研究所
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Application filed by 株式会社津田, 有限会社情報科学研究所 filed Critical 株式会社津田
Priority to CN201280025849.3A priority Critical patent/CN103782348A/zh
Publication of WO2012165025A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012165025A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/12—Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a decontamination method for an outdoor environment contaminated with radioactive substances. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for removing contamination by radioactive substances by applying oxidation / reduction treatment technology and purifying waste water used for decontamination. The present invention relates to a method for cleaning and decontaminating dust, earth and sand, and soil in an outdoor environment contaminated with radioactive materials that can be reused.
  • the concrete surface of the inner wall and the exposed metal surface are oxidized due to high temperature exposure for a long period of time.
  • radioactive materials are taken into the oxidized materials, and highly concentrated radioactive materials accumulate on the walls and metal surfaces of nuclear power plants. Such contamination by radioactive substances is not easy because the contaminants are taken into the walls and the like.
  • radioactive substances are chemically adsorbed on concrete surfaces such as floors, walls, ceilings, and removed easily. Is difficult.
  • contamination unlike contamination in the reactor, has a large effect on the human body even at low levels, and its removal is performed by elution with a chelating agent, organic acid, etc. Since there is a residual radioactive material, there is a need for a technique for removing this to the limit.
  • Radioactive radiation removal treatment at nuclear power plants consists of high-level spent nuclear fuel solidified with concrete, buried deep in the ground, and exposed to low-level radiation such as clothing, gloves, and other contaminated equipment that has come into contact with radioactive materials, such as buried concrete. It was said that active pollutants were packed in drums and hardened with concrete, and buried deep in the ground, so that no contamination spread outside the nuclear power plant.
  • the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 caused many radioactive materials to be scattered in the vicinity, causing contamination by radioactive materials on a scale that had not been envisaged in the past, and due to radioactive materials in outdoor and indoor environments. There is an increasing need for techniques for the removal of contamination.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses that the elution of metal ions from the corrosion film becomes large at an appropriate water temperature, and that the elution of metal ions is further promoted by the presence of hydrogen peroxide. A method of shutting down a boiling water reactor plant is described that removes material and reduces the air dose rate of the piping.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a method for removing radioactivity on a cementitious surface, in which a cementitious surface contaminated with a radioactive substance is degraded by applying microorganisms, and residues containing the radioactive substance are removed by suction, scraping, or the like.
  • Patent Document 3 describes a radioactivity removal apparatus in a reactor pressure vessel that removes radioactivity by adsorbing it to an ion cladding, and Patent Document 4 injects a noble metal solution and hydrogen into a nuclear reactor.
  • An apparatus and method for attaching a noble metal to a nuclear reactor structure material in which a noble metal is attached to the structural material and an oxide film on the surface of the nuclear reactor structure is removed by a shot peening method are described.
  • Patent Document 5 describes a radioactivity removal apparatus that heats and pressurizes an extraction solvent of trifluoroacetylacetone to form a supercritical fluid and performs radioactivity decontamination.
  • Patent Document 6 cleans air with a paper filter.
  • Patent Document 7 describes a chemistry for decontaminating the surface of a steel material contaminated with radioactivity with dicarboxylic acid so that the decontamination solution used therein can be reused. Decontamination methods and chemical decontamination equipment are described.
  • the above-mentioned prior art relates to the decontamination of nuclear power plants, the surface of steel materials, and simple air cleaning, and can sufficiently cope with the removal of pollution of the outdoor environment due to accidents at nuclear power plants. It was not a thing.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to apply an oxidation / reduction treatment technique to remove contamination by dust, soil and radioactive materials in the outdoor environment, and decontamination. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for cleaning and decontaminating dust, earth and sand, and soil in an outdoor environment contaminated with radioactive substances that can be reused by purifying the wastewater used in the field.
  • a method for cleaning and decontaminating dust, earth and sand and soil contaminated with a radioactive substance includes a sampling stage for collecting dust, earth and sand and soil contaminated with a radioactive substance.
  • washing the dust, soil and soil contaminated with the collected radioactive material with reduced water after reducing treatment, and separating the dust, soil and soil after the washing step and the reduced water used for washing into solid-liquid separation A solid-liquid separation step, an adsorption treatment step for adsorbing the reduced water used for the solid-liquid separated washing with an adsorbent, and a microbubble treatment for treating the reduced water used for the adsorption-treated washing with microbubbles by cavitation And a stage.
  • the cleaning step of cleaning the collected dust, soil, and soil with reduced water that has been reduced is continuously sprayed with reduced water on the permeable belt conveyor. It is preferable that
  • the washing step of washing the dust, soil and soil contaminated with the collected radioactive material with the reduced water obtained by reducing and treating the dust, soil and soil is immersed in the reduced water and stirred and washed.
  • the collecting step for collecting dust, earth and sand and soil contaminated with the radioactive material is by a suction method.
  • the collecting step of collecting the dust, earth and sand and soil contaminated with the radioactive material is performed by a backhoe cutter bucket.
  • the adsorption treatment step is performed by passing through a column packed with a cation / anion exchanger and a column packed with zeolite.
  • the present invention in an outdoor environment, contaminated dust, earth and sand, and soil are collected, washed with reduced water having excellent adsorption of radioactive substances, and radioactive substances are efficiently removed from dust, earth and sand and soil by a simple method.
  • the waste water can be effectively reused by making the waste water of the reduced water used for washing into highly functional biological water.
  • the present invention effectively cleans contaminated dust, soil, and soil by washing the outdoor dust, soil, and soil contaminated with radioactive materials using reduced water with high adsorptivity of radioactive materials as cleaning water.
  • the radioactive water is removed from the reduced water used for washing and microbubble treatment is carried out, resulting in highly functional water with high biological activity. By doing so, the cleaning wastewater is effectively reused.
  • the reduced water used as the washing water in the present invention has a different oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) (under normal temperature and normal pressure) depending on the reduction treatment conditions.
  • Eh oxidation-reduction potential
  • the potential of the reducing water used as the cleaning water is preferably negatively charged from ⁇ 400 mV to ⁇ 600 mV from the viewpoint of the cleaning effect and solubility of the ionized radioactive substance.
  • the first stage in the decontamination method of this embodiment is a collection stage for collecting dust, soil and soil contaminated with radioactive substances.
  • radioactive materials having a long half-life such as cesium 134, cesium 137, strontium 90 and cobalt 60 adsorbed on the soil were washed with reduced water, and transferred from the washing solution to the adsorbent, Perform decontamination restoration of soil.
  • radioactive materials of anions such as iodine 131 have a short half-life of 8 days, but they are scattered in quantity and need to be removed.
  • anions since many of the substances have a negative charge on the surface, they are hardly adsorbed and easily penetrate into the basement and diffuse easily. Since reduced water has high penetrating power, it can also dissolve and capture anionic radioactive substances, and the cleaning effect of reduced water is great as in the case of cations.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are exemplary views of the collection stage of dust and earth and sand in the decontamination method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method for collecting the decontamination object in the present embodiment is preferably the following two methods, one using a large vacuum suction machine as shown in FIG.
  • the surface soil is collected by a suction method, and the other is a method of cutting soil with a backhoe bulltozer cutter bucket shown in FIG. 3 and collecting contaminated soil having a surface soil of about 10 cm.
  • the example of the sampling method by the suction method shown in FIG. 2 is preferable as a method corresponding to the collection of soil at a relatively early stage after contamination, dust attached to an outdoor structure or road surface, and earth and sand. Is possible.
  • a movable large vacuum suction machine equipped with a powerful suction port moving vehicle 3 that can be moved by human power at the tip of a suction hose 2 connected to a movable dust suction storage device 1. And can be collected.
  • the exhaust of the large vacuum suction machine is supplemented with dust with a filter, etc., then the exhaust is bubbled into the reduced water, and the radioactive fine particles mixed in the exhaust are trapped with the reduced water to produce a clean exhaust. It is desirable to discharge from the viewpoint of preventing the diffusion of contamination.
  • the example of the collection method using the cutter bucket of the backhoe bulltozer shown in FIG. 3 is preferable as a method corresponding to the collection of the contaminated soil having a surface soil of about 10 cm, and requires a large heavy machine such as a backhoe bulltozer.
  • the contaminated soil is sampled by the cutter bucket 6 of the backhoe bulltozer 5, but the cutter bucket 6 is provided with a soil sampling cutter 7, and the soil that needs to be collected is collected. Can be cut out accurately.
  • the collected contaminated soil is transported to a place for cleaning treatment by the transport vehicle 4.
  • the cleaning method of the decontamination object in the embodiment of the present invention is preferably the following two methods, and one is continuous reduction water to the decontamination object moving on the conveyor as shown in FIG.
  • the method of continuously showering the reduced water in the present embodiment is a radioactive material that is continuously decontaminated from the decontamination object supply device 21 on the water-permeable net conveyor 24. Dust, soil and soil contaminated with substances are supplied, and reduced water is continuously supplied to the decontamination target from a reduced water shower device provided at the upper part of the permeable net conveyor 24 and connected to the cavitation reduction treatment tank. This can be done by ringing.
  • Dust, earth and sand and soil contaminated with radioactive substances which are decontamination objects, are purified by being continuously showered with reduced water while being transported by the water-permeable net conveyor 24, and the washed product storage tank A26. Washed and contaminated reduced water containing radioactive material contained in the shower is dropped into the washed and contaminated reduced water tank 25 and sent to the solid-liquid separation stage.
  • the collected contaminated soil is introduced from the transport vehicle 4 into a washing tank 27 equipped with a stirring blade 28 and a stirring motor 29, and reduced water is contained in the washing tank 27.
  • a washing tank 27 equipped with a stirring blade 28 and a stirring motor 29, and reduced water is contained in the washing tank 27.
  • the amount ratio and time of the reducing water and the decontamination target in the stirring cleaning and the time is determined by the degree of contamination of the decontamination target.
  • the radioactive material in the decontamination target such as contaminated soil is moved to the reduced water side by stirring and washing with the reduced water, and the washed product containing the washed contaminated reduced water after the washing is continuously centrifuged by the permeable bucket conveyor 34. 32.
  • the dust, the earth and sand, and the soil which have finished the washing stage proceed to a solid-liquid separation stage in which washing-contaminated reduced water is separated into solid and liquid.
  • the method of solid-liquid separation is not particularly limited, but a filtration method or a centrifugal separation method is preferable from the viewpoint of simplicity of equipment and processing efficiency.
  • the washed and contaminated reduced water containing fine solids that have passed through the water-permeable net conveyor 24 is sent to the continuous centrifugal separator 32 for solid-liquid separation.
  • the washed and contaminated reduced water separated from the solid by the continuous centrifugal separator 32 is sent to the washed and contaminated reduced water storage tank 41, and the separated solid is stored in the washed substance storage tank B33.
  • the soil that has been stirred and washed is subjected to primary filtration with a water-permeable bucket conveyor 34, sent to a continuous centrifugal separator 32, and solid-liquid separated to become reusable washed soil.
  • the washed and contaminated reduced water separated by the continuous centrifugal separator 32 is filtered by the filtration device 35 together with the filtrate primarily filtered by the water-permeable bucket conveyor 34 and sent to the washed and contaminated reduced water storage tank 41.
  • the process proceeds to an adsorption treatment stage in which the washed contaminated reduced water separated into solid and liquid is adsorbed with an adsorbent. Since the steps after the adsorption processing stage have the same configuration in the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, the steps after the adsorption processing stage will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the washed contaminated reduced water in the washed contaminated reduced water storage tank 41 passes through the anion exchange resin packed column 42 to adsorb and remove the anionic radioactive substances, and then the cation exchange resin packed column. 43 is used to adsorb and remove the cationic radioactive material.
  • the water that has passed through the cation exchange resin packed column 43 is further passed through the zeolite packed column 44 to completely remove the radioactive substance from the reduced water.
  • microbubble treatment stage in which microbubble treatment by cavitation is performed on the reduced water after the adsorption treatment.
  • Reduced water from which radioactive substances have been removed may adversely affect the growth of organisms as it is. Add air or oxygen, and perform microbubble treatment by cavitation to produce highly functional reduced water with high biological activity. It needs to be reusable.
  • microbubble treatment stage reduced water is ejected vigorously from the microbubble generating pump 45, air or oxygen gas is added, and microbubbles are generated by cavitation in the microbubble generating device 46, so that functional water with high biological activity is obtained. Then, it is stored in the microbubble reduced water storage tank 47 and reused or discharged.

Abstract

L'invention fournit un procédé destiné à éliminer une pollution causée par des substances radioactives par application d'une technique de traitement d'oxydation/réduction, et à décontaminer des déchets, une terre et un sol pollués dans un environnement extérieur pollué par des substances radioactives, tout en permettant la réutilisation après purification de l'effluent mis en œuvre pour la décontamination. Le procédé de l'invention comporte : une étape d'extraction au cours de laquelle les déchets, la terre et le sol pollués par des substances radioactives, sont extraits; une étape de nettoyage au cours de laquelle les déchets, la terre et le sol pollués par des substances radioactives ainsi extraits, sont nettoyés à l'aide d'une eau soumise à un traitement de réduction; une étape de séparation solide/liquide au cours de laquelle, après l'étape de nettoyage, les déchets, la terre et le sol ainsi que l'effluent de nettoyage, sont soumis à une séparation solide/liquide; une étape d'adsorption au cours de laquelle l'effluent ayant été soumis à la séparation solide/liquide, est soumis à un traitement d'adsorption à l'aide d'un adsorbant; et une étape de traitement de microbulles au cours de laquelle l'effluent ayant ainsi été soumis au traitement d'adsorption, est soumis à un traitement de microbulles par cavitation.
PCT/JP2012/058672 2011-05-28 2012-03-30 Procédé de nettoyage/décontamination de déchets, de terre et de sol pollués par des substances radioactives WO2012165025A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201280025849.3A CN103782348A (zh) 2011-05-28 2012-03-30 被放射性物质污染的尘垢、沙土及土壤的清洗去污染方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011132662 2011-05-28
JP2011-132662 2011-05-28

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WO2012165025A1 true WO2012165025A1 (fr) 2012-12-06

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9181319B2 (en) 2010-08-06 2015-11-10 Moderna Therapeutics, Inc. Engineered nucleic acids and methods of use thereof
CN109513267A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2019-03-26 核工业理化工程研究院 放射性废水处理装置、吸附滤芯的制备方法及处理方法
FR3100142A1 (fr) 2019-08-28 2021-03-05 Rmv Equipement Dispositif d’extraction et de décontamination de substances organiques et/ou inorganiques à partir de matières solides ou semi-solides sous le contrôle de plusieurs paramètres

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0651096A (ja) * 1991-09-18 1994-02-25 British Nuclear Fuels Plc 土地改善法
JP2007309864A (ja) * 2006-05-22 2007-11-29 Toshiba Corp 除染方法、除染装置および原子力施設

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CN1129922C (zh) * 2001-02-27 2003-12-03 中国原子能科学研究院 用于去除放射性废液中137Cs的复合吸附剂及其制备方法
JP2003248085A (ja) * 2002-02-22 2003-09-05 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 放射性廃棄物の減容残渣の処理方法
KR100724710B1 (ko) * 2002-11-21 2007-06-04 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 방사화 부품의 화학적 오염제거 시스템 및 방법
JP2010101762A (ja) * 2008-10-24 2010-05-06 Chubu Electric Power Co Inc 放射性金属廃棄物の除染方法
CN102040310B (zh) * 2009-10-20 2012-07-25 北京纬纶华业环保科技股份有限公司 油田采出水回注到低渗透油田的污水处理方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0651096A (ja) * 1991-09-18 1994-02-25 British Nuclear Fuels Plc 土地改善法
JP2007309864A (ja) * 2006-05-22 2007-11-29 Toshiba Corp 除染方法、除染装置および原子力施設

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9181319B2 (en) 2010-08-06 2015-11-10 Moderna Therapeutics, Inc. Engineered nucleic acids and methods of use thereof
CN109513267A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2019-03-26 核工业理化工程研究院 放射性废水处理装置、吸附滤芯的制备方法及处理方法
CN109513267B (zh) * 2018-12-14 2024-01-05 核工业理化工程研究院 放射性废水处理装置、吸附滤芯的制备方法及处理方法
FR3100142A1 (fr) 2019-08-28 2021-03-05 Rmv Equipement Dispositif d’extraction et de décontamination de substances organiques et/ou inorganiques à partir de matières solides ou semi-solides sous le contrôle de plusieurs paramètres

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JPWO2012165025A1 (ja) 2015-02-23
CN103782348A (zh) 2014-05-07

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